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Nhat NH, Saito M, Onodera SI, Hamada M, Hyodo F, Nagare H. Environmental DNA Reveals the Impact of Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Spatial Variability of Coastal Fish Diversity. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:609. [PMID: 39194547 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has recently been recognized as an influential factor in coastal ecosystems; however, little research has been conducted on its effects on coastal fish diversity. To investigate the relationship between SGD and fish diversity, we conducted a survey at the coastal island scale using the environmental DNA (eDNA) method. Our findings indicate that fish species richness and functional richness peak at stations with high SGD. Environmental variables, such as salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration, and SGD, significantly influence fish diversity. Carnivore fish richness was negatively correlated with salinity, while planktivore fish richness was positively correlated. Additionally, SGD and DIN concentrations were found to be crucial in shaping omnivorous and pelagic communities, respectively. This study highlights the role of SGD in enhancing nutrient conditions favorable for diverse fish communities and demonstrates the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for rapid marine biodiversity assessment. These findings provide valuable insights for coastal ecosystem monitoring and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hong Nhat
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan
- Faculty of Technology-Engineering-Environment, An Giang University, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 880000, Vietnam
| | - Mitsuyo Saito
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 7398521, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Onodera
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi Hiroshima 7398521, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hamada
- Ushimado Marine Institute (UMI), Graduate School of Environment, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7014303, Japan
| | - Fujio Hyodo
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagare
- Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 7008530, Japan
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Marraffini ML, Hamilton SL, Marin Jarrin JR, Ladd M, Koval G, Madden JR, Mangino I, Parker LM, Emery KA, Terhaar K, Hubbard DM, Miller RJ, Dugan JE. Evaluating the influence of marine protected areas on surf zone fish. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14296. [PMID: 38770838 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) globally serve conservation and fisheries management goals, generating positive effects in some marine ecosystems. Surf zones and sandy beaches, critical ecotones bridging land and sea, play a pivotal role in the life cycles of numerous fish species and serve as prime areas for subsistence and recreational fishing. Despite their significance, these areas remain understudied when evaluating the effects of MPAs. We compared surf zone fish assemblages inside and outside MPAs across 3 bioregions in California (USA). Using seines and baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs), we found differences in surf zone fish inside and outside MPAs in one region. Inside south region MPAs, we observed higher abundance (Tukey's honest significant difference [HSD] = 0.83, p = 0.0001) and richness (HSD = 0.22, p = 0.0001) in BRUVs and greater biomass (HSD = 0.32, p = 0.0002) in seine surveys compared with reference sites. Selected live-bearing, fished taxa were positively affected by MPAs. Elasmobranchs displayed greater abundance in BRUV surveys and higher biomass in seine surveys inside south region MPAs (HSD = 0.35, p = 0.0003 and HSD = 0.23, p = 0.008, respectively). Although we observed no overall MPA signal for Embiotocidae, abundances of juvenile and large adult barred surfperch (Amphistichus argenteus), the most abundant fished species, were higher inside MPAs (K-S test D = 0.19, p < 0.0001). Influence of habitat characteristics on MPA performance indicated surf zone width was positively associated with fish abundance and biomass but negatively associated with richness. The south region had the largest positive effect size on all MPA performance metrics. Our findings underscored the variability in species richness and composition across regions and survey methods that significantly affected differences observed inside and outside MPAs. A comprehensive assessment of MPA performance should consider specific taxa, their distribution, and the effects of habitat factors and geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Marraffini
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - S L Hamilton
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, California, USA
| | - J R Marin Jarrin
- Department of Fisheries Biology, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, USA
| | - M Ladd
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - G Koval
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, California, USA
| | - J R Madden
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - I Mangino
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - L M Parker
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, California, USA
| | - K A Emery
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - K Terhaar
- Department of Fisheries Biology, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, USA
| | - D M Hubbard
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - R J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - J E Dugan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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Clark AJ, Atkinson SR, Scarponi V, Cane T, Geraldi NR, Hendy IW, Shipway JR, Peck M. Cost-effort analysis of Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and environmental DNA (eDNA) in monitoring marine ecological communities. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17091. [PMID: 38708339 PMCID: PMC11067900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the diversity and distribution of species in an ecosystem is essential to assess the success of restoration strategies. Implementing biomonitoring methods, which provide a comprehensive assessment of species diversity and mitigate biases in data collection, holds significant importance in biodiversity research. Additionally, ensuring that these methods are cost-efficient and require minimal effort is crucial for effective environmental monitoring. In this study we compare the efficiency of species detection, the cost and the effort of two non-destructive sampling techniques: Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to survey marine vertebrate species. Comparisons were conducted along the Sussex coast upon the introduction of the Nearshore Trawling Byelaw. This Byelaw aims to boost the recovery of the dense kelp beds and the associated biodiversity that existed in the 1980s. We show that overall BRUV surveys are more affordable than eDNA, however, eDNA detects almost three times as many species as BRUV. eDNA and BRUV surveys are comparable in terms of effort required for each method, unless eDNA analysis is carried out externally, in which case eDNA requires less effort for the lead researchers. Furthermore, we show that increased eDNA replication yields more informative results on community structure. We found that using both methods in conjunction provides a more complete view of biodiversity, with BRUV data supplementing eDNA monitoring by recording species missed by eDNA and by providing additional environmental and life history metrics. The results from this study will serve as a baseline of the marine vertebrate community in Sussex Bay allowing future biodiversity monitoring research projects to understand community structure as the ecosystem recovers following the removal of trawling fishing pressure. Although this study was regional, the findings presented herein have relevance to marine biodiversity and conservation monitoring programs around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J. Clark
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie R. Atkinson
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Scarponi
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Cane
- Department of Geography, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian W. Hendy
- School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - J. Reuben Shipway
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Peck
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Maciel EB, Jovem-Azevêdo D, Lima CSDS, Pessanha ALM. Multiple habitats drive the functional diversity of fish assemblages in a tropical estuary. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 195:106379. [PMID: 38306951 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding estuarine diversity patterns is crucial to highlight the ecological value of coastal ecosystems for fish assemblages. To increase our knowledge, we investigated the functional diversity of fish assemblages in five estuarine habitats (sandy beaches, mudflats, seagrass meadows, mangrove fringes, and estuarine riparian vegetation) in a tropical estuary of Brazil. Functional diversity metrics were assessed considering seven fish functional traits and calculated using functional indices, PCoA (functional spaces), and community-weighted mean (CWM). Then, a unified RLQ and fourth-corner analysis were used to evaluate environment-trait relationships. A total of 27,036 individuals of 119 species were recorded in all habitats. Functional diversity showed similar trends to estuarine habitats, which were more driven by the spatial configuration rather than by their structure, emphasizing the importance of environmental heterogeneity. There was a greater occupation of functional space to habitats located in the lower estuary compared to the upper estuary. Furthermore, body shapes and trophic guilds were the most common traits related to changes in functional diversity between habitats. The RLQ analysis revealed differences in trait composition between habitats influenced by salinity and transparency, although the fourth corner method did not show a significant relationship between fish functional traits and environmental variables. Our results suggest that the mosaic of habitats support the high functional diversity of fishes in tropical estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Bezerra Maciel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Avenida das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, CEP: 58429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Daniele Jovem-Azevêdo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Avenida das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, CEP: 58429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Naturais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Acesso Prof(a). Maria Anita Furtado Coelho, Sítio o Olho D'Água da Bica, CEP: 58175-000, Cuité, PB, Brazil; Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano, Rua Projetada s/n, Bairro Caetano II, CEP: 56400-000, Floresta, PE, Brazil
| | - Caroline Stefani da Silva Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Avenida das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, CEP: 58429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Machado Pessanha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes, Avenida das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, CEP: 58429-500, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
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Checon HH, Corte GN, Shah Esmaeili Y, Muniz P, Turra A. The efficacy of benthic indices to evaluate the ecological quality and urbanization effects on sandy beach ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159190. [PMID: 36195141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benthic indices have been widely used across different coastal ecosystems to assess ecological quality and detect anthropic impacts, but very few studies investigated their effectiveness on sandy beaches. Here, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of 12 assemblage-based benthic indices in assessing ecological quality in beaches, across a gradient of anthropic pressure and natural variability in 90 sandy beach sites. Overall, when sandy beaches were considered collectively, benthic indices had a poor performance in identifying decreases in ecological quality with increasing urbanization. However, when each morphodynamic type was evaluated separately, a few indices, especially those that were calibrated by reference conditions (i.e., M-AMBI, BAT, and BEQI-2), showed promising results for dissipative, and to a lesser extent, intermediate beaches. For reflective beaches, indices performed poorly, likely a reflection of the stronger natural disturbance these beaches are subjected to. Among functional indices, richness was found to be lower in urbanized beaches, but only in dissipative ones. Overall, our results show that benthic indices have the potential to be incorporated in sandy beach management and monitoring programs, especially for dissipative and intermediate beaches. For reflective beaches, given the early stage of studies with benthic indices in beaches, more research is needed to corroborate the observed patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio H Checon
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme N Corte
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Escola do Mar, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CEP 88302-202 Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yasmina Shah Esmaeili
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Muniz
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina (OEM), Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales (IECA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Alexander Turra
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-120 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dong Y, García Molinos J, Larson ER, Lin Q, Liu X, Sarà G, Cai Q, Zhang Z, Helmuth B, Bates A. Biological traits, geographic distributions, and species conservation in aquatic ecosystems. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | | | - Eric R. Larson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois USA
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Laboratory of Ecology, Earth and Marine Sciences Department University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Qing‐Hua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Brian Helmuth
- Coastal Sustainability Institute Northeastern University Nahant Massachusetts USA
| | - Amanda Bates
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
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