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Kanayama A, Siraj I, Moeyaert M, Steiner K, Yu EC, Ereky‐Stevens K, Iwasa K, Ishikawa M, Kahlon M, Warnatsch R, Dascalu A, He R, Mehta PP, Robinson N, Shi Y. PROTOCOL: Key characteristics of effective preschool-based interventions to promote self-regulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1383. [PMID: 38566844 PMCID: PMC10985547 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Cochrane Review. The objectives are as follows: The aim of this systematic review is to advance our understanding of the key characteristics of effective preschool-based interventions designed to foster self-regulation. To accomplish this, the review addresses the following questions: 1. What types of preschool-based interventions have been developed to promote self-regulation? 2. What is the average effect of these preschool-based interventions on self-regulation, focusing on four key constructs: integrative effortful control, integrative executive function, self-regulation, and self-regulated learning? 3. What characteristics-such as Resource Allocation, Activity Type, and Instruction Method-could potentially contribute to the effects of preschool-based interventions in promoting self-regulation?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iram Siraj
- Department of EducationUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariola Moeyaert
- Department of Educational and Counseling PsychologyThe State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Kat Steiner
- Bodleian Health Care LibrariesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Elie ChingYen Yu
- Division of Educational Psychology and MethodologyThe State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Moeko Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Human SciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | | | | | | | - Ruoying He
- Division of the Social SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | - Yining Shi
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Joseph A, Sylva K, Sammons P, Siraj I. Drivers of the socio-economic disadvantage gap in England: Sequential pathways that include the home learning environment and self-regulation as mediators. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 94:22-40. [PMID: 37527934 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socio-economic status (SES) is a powerful predictor of attainment. Research has identified multiple mechanisms that underpin the effect of SES on attainment. For example, self-regulation (processes through which individuals direct and control their attention, emotion and behaviour) has been identified as one mechanism mediating the SES attainment gap. However, previous studies have not directly tested the statistical pathways by which children from lower SES backgrounds develop low self-regulation skills and subsequently poor attainment at the end of primary school. Adding the home learning environment, which is associated with both SES and self-regulation, further fleshes out the longitudinal pathways. AIMS We propose and test a new model where the relationship between SES and school attainment is sequentially mediated by the family home learning environment and the child's self-regulation. SAMPLE This study uses the Effective Pre-school, Primary and Secondary Education data set to study 2311 English children. METHODS We measured SES (via socio-economic disadvantage) based on an index of low parental education, occupation and income at age 3+. The home learning environment was measured by the Home Learning Environment Index at age 3+; self-regulation was a teacher report on the Child Social Behaviour Questionnaire at age 4+ and attainment was measured via scores on national assessments of English and Maths at age 11. RESULTS Our measure of disadvantage predicted attainment. The home learning environment predicted children's self-regulation skills. The relationship between disadvantage and attainment was sequentially mediated by the home learning environment and self-regulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that home learning environment and self-regulation may play a sequential role in perpetuating socio-economic disparities in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Joseph
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Kathy Sylva
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pam Sammons
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iram Siraj
- Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wang Y, Ji H. Hot and cool executive function in the development of behavioral problems in grade school. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38415404 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite the well-established link between children's executive function and behavioral adjustment, it remains unclear whether the hot and cool aspects of executive function are uniquely associated with children's behavioral problems. Using longitudinal data spanning in the grade school (N = 1,140), this study aimed to examine whether hot and cool executive function skills may be uniquely related to the development of behavioral problems. Hot and cool executive function skills were measured with tasks, standardized tests, and questionnaires at 54 months and in the first grade, respectively. Internalizing and externalizing problems were evaluated by teachers using questionnaires throughout the grade school. The results indicated that, independent of each other, hot and cool executive function skills were uniquely and negatively related to the development of internalizing and externalizing problems over time at the between-individual level, adjusting for within-individual fluctuations. Moreover, internalizing and externalizing problems were positively related at the between-individual level across the grade school. Findings provide needed evidence to clarify the relations between hot and cool executive function and children's behavioral problems, emphasizing the importance of both aspects of executive function in understanding the development of behavioral problems in school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiji Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huayu Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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Dong P, Li W, Hu Q, Wu T, Jiang Y, Jin H, Xu C, Buschkuehl M, Jaeggi SM, Zhang Q. The relation between effortful control and executive function training in preschoolers. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 238:105778. [PMID: 37748340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the question of whether executive function (EF) is malleable has been widely documented. Despite using the same training tasks, transfer effects remain uncertain. Researchers suggested that the inconsistency might be attributed to individual differences in temperamental traits. In the current study, we investigated how effortful control, a temperamental trait, would affect EF training outcomes in children. Based on parent rating, 79 6-year-old preschoolers were identified as having higher or lower effort control and were assigned to three conditions: working memory (WM) training, inhibitory control (IC) training, and a business-as-usual control group. Children completed assessments at baseline, 1 week after intervention (posttest), and 3 months after intervention (follow-up). As compared with the control group, the WM and IC training groups showed improvement in both trained tasks and nontrained measures. At baseline, children with higher effortful control scores showed greater WM capacity and better IC. Furthermore, effortful control was positively correlated with training gain in both training groups, with children with higher effortful control benefitting more through training. In the WM training group, effortful control was positively correlated with near transfer on WM outcomes both immediately and longitudinally. At posttest, the WM and IC training groups showed a positive correlation between effortful control and fluid intelligence performance. Our results underscore the importance of individual differences in training benefits, in particular the role of effortful control, and further illustrate the potential avenues for designing more effective individualized cognitive training programs to foster learning and optimize children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Dong
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Tianqi Wu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Yiheng Jiang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Huan Jin
- Hangzhou Bud Kindergarten, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Cihua Xu
- School of Philosophy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | - Susanne M Jaeggi
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
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Ferschmann L, Overweg I, Dégeilh F, Bekkhus M, Havdahl A, von Soest T, Tamnes CK. Development of prosocial behavior and inhibitory control in late childhood: A longitudinal exploration of sex differences and reciprocal relations. Child Dev 2024; 95:313-323. [PMID: 37525404 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined longitudinal development of prosocial behavior, assessed by the parent-reported Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, and inhibitory control, measured by the Opposite Worlds Task, in a sample aged 9 and 12 years (n = 9468, 49.9% girls, 85.8% White) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The goal was to assess whether the level of prosocial behavior at age 9 relates to change in inhibitory control, and vice versa. Sex differences were also explored. Latent change score models showed that low inhibitory control in boys at age 9 was associated with more decreases in prosocial behavior from 9 to 12 years of age. This may suggest that interventions targeting inhibitory control in boys may also foster their social competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Ferschmann
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Overweg
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fanny Dégeilh
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, IRISA UMR 6074, EMPENN - ERL U 1228, Rennes, France
| | - Mona Bekkhus
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Deer LK, Doom JR, Harrall KK, Glueck DH, Glynn LM, Sandman CA, Davis EP. Infant effortful control predicts BMI trajectories from infancy to adolescence. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13059. [PMID: 37287418 PMCID: PMC10525013 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effortful control, or the regulation of thoughts and behaviour, is a potential target for preventing childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES To assess effortful control in infancy through late childhood as a predictor of repeated measures of body mass index (BMI) from infancy through adolescence, and to examine whether sex moderates the associations. METHODS Maternal report of offspring effortful control and measurements of child BMI were obtained at 7 and 8 time points respectively from 191 gestational parent/child dyads from infancy through adolescence. General linear mixed models were used. RESULTS Effortful control at 6 months predicted BMI trajectories from infancy through adolescence, F(5,338) = 2.75, p = 0.03. Further, when effortful control at other timepoints were included in the model, they added no additional explanatory value. Sex moderated the association between 6-month effortful control and BMI, F(4, 338) = 2.59, p = 0.03, with poorer infant effortful control predicting higher BMI in early childhood for girls, and more rapid increases in BMI in early adolescence for boys. CONCLUSIONS Effortful control in infancy was associated with BMI over time. Specifically, poor effortful control during infancy was associated with higher BMI in childhood and adolescence. These findings support the argument that infancy may be a sensitive window for the development of later obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kylie K. Harrall
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Deborah H. Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Curt A. Sandman
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine
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Chevalier N, Lipina S, Scerif G, Segretin MS. Special issue on development of self-regulation, cognitive control, and executive function, Part II: Editorial note. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13326. [PMID: 36112772 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastián Lipina
- Unidad de Neurobiología Aplicada (UNA, CEMIC-CONICET), Instituto Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gaia Scerif
- Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Soledad Segretin
- Unidad de Neurobiología Aplicada (UNA, CEMIC-CONICET), Instituto Universitario CEMIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chan MF, Ganesh A, Mahadevan S, Shamli SA, Al-Waili K, Al-Mukhaini S, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Adawi S. A Comprehensive Neuropsychological Study of Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Its Relationship with Psychosocial Functioning: A Biopsychosocial Approach. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091127. [PMID: 36138863 PMCID: PMC9496838 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in viewing the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) through the lens of the biopsychosocial model. However, other than a few epidemiological surveys, there is a dearth of studies from emerging economies that have examined FH using the biological, psychological, and socio-environmental facets of the aforementioned model. AIM. The three aims of the current study were as follows: (i) to examine the psychosocial status among patients with genetically confirmed FH, (ii) to compare their intellectual capacity and cognitive outcomes with a reference group, and (iii) to examine the relationship between health literacy and cognitive functioning. METHOD: Consecutive FH patients referred to the lipid clinic at a tertiary care center for an expert opinion were recruited into this study conducted from September 2019 to March 2020. Information regarding psychosocial functioning, health literacy, quality of life, and affective ranges was surveyed. Indices of current reasoning ability and cognition (attention and concentration, memory, and executive functioning) were compared with a socio-demographically-matched reference group. The current hypothesis also explored the impact of FH on health literacy and cognition. RESULT: A total of 70 participants out of 106 (response rate: 66.0%) initially agreed to participate. However, 18 out of 70 dropped out of the study, yielding a final total of 52 FH patients. With 27 (51.9%) males and 25 (48.1%) females, the mean participant age stood at 37.2 years (SD = 9.2), ranging from 21 to 52 years of age. In the psychosocial data, thirty-two percent (n = 17) of them had anxiety (HADS ≥ 8), and twenty-five percent (n = 13) had depressive symptoms (HADS ≥ 8). The performance of the FH patients was significantly impaired compared to the control group on the indices of current reasoning ability and all domains of cognitive functioning. In the univariate analysis conducted to compare cognitive functioning with health literacy status, only indices of attention and concentration emerged as being significant. CONCLUSION: The current study indicates that the FH population is marked with impediments in biopsychosocial functioning, including indices tapping into the integrity of health literacy, quality of life, affective ranges, and higher functioning such as cognition and current reasoning ability when compared with a socio-demographically-matched reference group. The present results support the hypothesis that chronic diseases vis-à-vis the sequelae of coronary artery disease can potentially impede biopsychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Fai Chan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Aishwarya Ganesh
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Sangeetha Mahadevan
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | | | - Khalid Al-Waili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Suad Al-Mukhaini
- Directorate of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Medical Research Center, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Samir Al-Adawi
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +968-99380246
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