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Deng S, Hu X, Zhang X. Association of single-point insulin sensitivity estimator index (SPISE) with future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2820-2829. [PMID: 38618968 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of single-point insulin sensitivity estimator (SPISE) index with future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS SPISE index (= 600 × high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [mg/dL]0.185/triglycerides [mg/dL]0.2 × body mass index [kg/m2]1.338) was calculated in 10 190 participants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to evaluate the association between SPISE index and future cardiovascular outcomes. Restricted cubic spline analyses and two-piecewise linear regression models were employed to explore the nonlinear association and to determine the threshold value. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS After fully adjusting for well-established metabolic confounders, higher SPISE index was significantly associated with lower risk of future cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (major adverse cardiovascular event [MACE]): hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.98, p = 0.0026; overall mortality: HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.93, p < 0.0001; cardiovascular disease [CVD] mortality: HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.92, p < 0.0001; congestive heart failure (CHF): HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.67-0.78, p < 0.0001; major coronary events: HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.95, p < 0.0001. There was a nonlinear association between SPISE index and future cardiovascular outcomes (the threshold value was 5.68 for MACE, 5.71 for overall mortality, 4.64 for CVD mortality, 4.48 for CHF, and 6.09 for major coronary events, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Higher SPISE index was independently associated with lower risk of future cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients after full adjustment for well-established metabolic confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Duenas KR, Ingram M, Crocker RM, Pace TWW, de Zapien JG, Torres E, Carvajal SC. La vida en la frontera: protocol for a prospective study exploring stress and health resiliencies among Mexican-origin individuals living in a US-Mexico border community. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2442. [PMID: 36575410 PMCID: PMC9794409 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican-origin adults living near the U.S.-Mexico border experience unique and pervasive social and ecological stressors, including poverty, perceived discrimination, and environmental hazards, potentially contributing to the high burden of chronic disease. However, there is also evidence that residents in high-density Mexican-origin neighborhoods exhibit lower prevalence rates of disease and related mortality than those living in other areas. Understanding the factors that contribute to health resiliencies at the community scale is essential to informing the effective design of health promotion strategies. METHODS La Vida en la Frontera is a mixed-methods participatory study linking a multi-disciplinary University of Arizona research team with Campesinos Sin Fronteras, a community-based organization founded by community health workers in San Luis, Arizona. This paper describes the current protocol for aims 2 and 3 of this multi-faceted investigation. In aim 2 a cohort of N≈300 will be recruited using door-to-door sampling of neighborhoods in San Luis and Somerton, AZ. Participants will be surveyed and undergo biomarker assessments for indicators of health and chronic stress at three time points across a year length. A subset of this cohort will be invited to participate in aim 3 where they will be interviewed to further understand mechanisms of resilience and wellbeing. DISCUSSION This study examines objective and subjective mechanisms of the relationship between stress and health in an ecologically diverse rural community over an extended timeframe and illuminates health disparities affecting residents of this medically underserved community. Findings from this investigation directly impact the participants and community through deepening our understanding of the linkages between individual and community level stress and chronic disease risk. This innovative study utilizes a comprehensive methodology to investigate pathways of stress and chronic disease risk present at individual and community levels. We address multiple public health issues including chronic disease and mental illness risk, health related disparities among Mexican-origin people, and health protective mechanisms and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina R. Duenas
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Maia Ingram
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | - Rebecca M. Crocker
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XHealth Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Thaddeus W. W. Pace
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XCollege of Nursing, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Jill Guernsey de Zapien
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
| | | | - Scott C. Carvajal
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XDepartment of Health Promotion Sciences, Arizona Prevention Research Center Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA
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Mosenzon O, Capehorn MS, De Remigis A, Rasmussen S, Weimers P, Rosenstock J. Impact of semaglutide on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: exploratory patient-level analyses of SUSTAIN and PIONEER randomized clinical trials. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:172. [PMID: 36056351 PMCID: PMC9440529 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exploratory analysis to determine the effect of semaglutide versus comparators on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods Trials of once-weekly subcutaneous (SUSTAIN 3) and once-daily oral (PIONEER 1, 2, 5) semaglutide with hsCRP data were analyzed. Subjects with type 2 diabetes (N = 2482) received semaglutide (n = 1328) or comparators (placebo, n = 339; exenatide extended-release, n = 405; empagliflozin, n = 410). hsCRP ratio to baseline at end-of-treatment was analyzed overall, by clinical cutoff (< 1.0, ≥ 1.0 to ≤ 3.0, or > 3.0 mg/L), by tertile, and by estimated glomerular filtration rate in PIONEER 5 (a trial which was conducted in a population with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease [CKD]). Mediation analyses assessed the effect of change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and/or change in body weight (BW) on hsCRP reductions. Results Geometric mean baseline hsCRP was similar across trials (range 2.7–3.0 mg/L). Semaglutide reduced hsCRP levels by clinical cutoffs and tertiles from baseline to end-of-treatment in all trials versus comparators (estimated treatment ratios [ETRs] versus comparators: 0.70–0.76; p < 0.01) except versus placebo in PIONEER 5 (ETR [95% CI]: 0.83 [0.67–1.03]; p > 0.05). The effect of semaglutide on hsCRP was partially mediated (20.6–61.8%) by change in HbA1c and BW. Conclusions Semaglutide reduced hsCRP ratios-to-baseline versus comparators in subjects with type 2 diabetes (not significant with CKD). This effect was partially mediated via reductions in HbA1c and BW and potentially by a direct effect of semaglutide. Semaglutide appears to have an anti-inflammatory effect, which is being further investigated in ongoing trials. Trial registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01885208 (first registered June 2013), NCT02906930 (first registered September 2016), NCT02863328 (first registered August 2016), NCT02827708 (first registered July 2016). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01585-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofri Mosenzon
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Old and New Biomarkers Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Hyperglycemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:7887426. [PMID: 34987703 PMCID: PMC8723873 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7887426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and vascular damage are strictly related. Biomarkers of vascular damage have been intensively studied in the recent years in the quest of reliable cardiovascular risk assessment tools able to facilitate risk stratification and early detection of vascular impairment. The present study is a narrative review with the aim of revising the available evidence on current and novel markers of hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage. After a discussion of classic tools used to investigate endothelial dysfunction, we provide an in-depth description of novel circulating biomarkers (chemokines, extracellular vesicles, and epigenetic and metabolomic biomarkers). Appropriate use of a single as well as a cluster of the discussed biomarkers might enable in a near future (a) the prompt identification of targeted and customized treatment strategies and (b) the follow-up of cardiovascular treatment efficacy over time in clinical research and/or in clinical practice.
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Grubić Rotkvić P, Cigrovski Berković M, Bulj N, Rotkvić L. Minireview: are SGLT2 inhibitors heart savers in diabetes? Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:899-905. [PMID: 31410757 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of drugs that promote urinary glucose excretion in the treatment of diabetes, have provoked large interest of scientific and professional community due to their positive and, somehow, unexpected results in the three major cardiovascular outcome trials (EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial with empagliflozin, CANVAS Program with canagliflozin, and DECLARE-TIMI 58 with dapagliflozin). In fact, along with the reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events, SGLT2 inhibitors reduced significantly hospitalization for heart failure regardless of existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or a history of heart failure. The latter have reminded us of the frequent but neglected entity of diabetic cardiomyopathy which is currently poorly understood despite its great clinical importance. Physiological mechanisms responsible for the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors are complex and multifactorial and still not well defined. Interestingly, the time frame of their effect excludes a glucose- and antiatherosclerotic-mediated effect. It would be of great importance to better understand SGLT2 inhibitor mechanisms of action since they could have a potential to be used in early stages of diabetes as cardioprotective agents. There are widely available biomarkers as well as echocardiography that are used in everyday clinical practice and could elucidate physiological mechanisms in the heart protection with SGLT2 inhibitors treatment but studies are still lacking. The purpose of this minireview is to summarize the latest concepts about SGLT2 inhibitors and its benefits regarding diabetic cardiomyopathy especially on its early stage development and to discuss controversies and potential future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Cigrovski Berković
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Centre "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
- Department for Medicine of Sports and Exercise, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Bulj
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Centre "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Rotkvić
- Department of Cardiology, Magdalena Clinic for Cardiovascular Disease, Krapinske Toplice, Croatia
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Chao AM, Wadden TA, Berkowitz RI, Quigley K, Silvestry F. The risk of cardiovascular complications with current obesity drugs. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:1095-1104. [PMID: 32750250 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1806234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Four medications are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for chronic weight management when used as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity in adults. These medications result in clinically significant weight losses, as well as improvements in some cardiometabolic risk factors. AREAS COVERED We briefly review the history of anti-obesity medications (AOMs) as related to cardiovascular safety, and summarize weight loss efficacy and cardiovascular data from clinical trials of orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, naltrexone/bupropion, and liraglutide. EXPERT OPINION Current AOMs approved for chronic weight management have generally favorable effects on some cardiometabolic parameters. However, the long-term safety of orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, and naltrexone/bupropion on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have not been established. The cardiovascular safety of liraglutide, at a dose of 1.8 mg/d, was demonstrated in a large randomized outcomes trial in participants with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert I Berkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kerry Quigley
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Silvestry
- Department of Medicine/Penn Heart and Vascular Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Advanced Glycation End Products: Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Complications under Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9570616. [PMID: 31885827 PMCID: PMC6925928 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9570616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cardiovascular complications are predominantly responsible for the increased morbidity and mortality observed in patients with diabetes. Oxidative stress under hyperglycemia is currently considered the initial link to diabetic cardiovascular complications and a key node for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-related fatal cardiovascular events. Numerous studies have indicated that the common upstream pathway in the context of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system under diabetic conditions is the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with their receptors (RAGEs). Therefore, a further understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and AGEs is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. In this review, we will briefly summarize the recent research advances in diabetes with an emphasis on oxidative stress and its association with AGEs in diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Seward S, Ramos J, Drummond C, Dalleck A, Byrd B, Kehmeier M, Dalleck L. Inter-Individual Variability in Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score and VO 2max Changes Following Personalized, Community-Based Exercise Programming. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234855. [PMID: 31816818 PMCID: PMC6926895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the effectiveness of a personalized, community-based exercise program at reducing MetS severity and consequently Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. One-hundred and fifty physically inactive participants (aged 18-83 years) were randomized to a non-exercise control group (n = 75; instructed to continue their usual lifestyle habits) or treatment group (n = 75). Participants randomized to the treatment group completed a 12 week personalized exercise training program based on the American Council on Exercise (ACE) Integrated Fitness Training (IFT) model guidelines. Z-scores were derived from levels of metabolic syndrome risk factors to determine the severity of MetS (MetS z-score). After 12 weeks, the treatment group showed a significant favorable change in MetS z-score, whereas the control group demonstrated increased severity of the syndrome (between-group difference, p < 0.05). The proportion of MetS z-score responders (Δ > -0.48) was greater following the exercise intervention (71%, 50/70) compared to control (10%, 7/72) (between group difference, p < 0.001). The inter-individual variability in VO2max change also showed a similar trend. These findings provide critical translational evidence demonstrating that personalized exercise programming based upon the ACE IFT model guidelines can be successfully implemented within the community setting to reduce T2DM and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Seward
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA; (S.S.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Joyce Ramos
- SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide 5024, Australia; (J.R.); (C.D.)
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Claire Drummond
- SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide 5024, Australia; (J.R.); (C.D.)
| | - Angela Dalleck
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA; (S.S.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Bryant Byrd
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA; (S.S.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Mackenzie Kehmeier
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA; (S.S.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Lance Dalleck
- Recreation, Exercise & Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO 81231, USA; (S.S.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (M.K.)
- SHAPE Research Centre, Exercise Science and Clinical Exercise Physiology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide 5024, Australia; (J.R.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-970-943-3095
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Abstract
Adenylate kinase is a small, usually monomeric, enzyme found in every living thing due to its crucial role in energetic metabolism. This paper outlines the most relevant data about adenylate kinases isoforms, and the connection between dysregulation or mutation of human adenylate kinase and medical conditions. The following datadases were consulted: National Centre for Biotechnology Information, Protein Data Bank, and Mouse Genomic Informatics. The SmartBLAST tool, EMBOSS Needle Program, and Clustal Omega Program were used to analyze the best protein match, and to perform pairwise sequence alignment and multiple sequence alignment. Human adenylate kinase genes are located on different chromosomes, six of them being on the chromosomes 1 and 9. The adenylate kinases' intracellular localization and organ distribution explain their dysregulation in many diseases. The cytosolic isoenzyme 1 and the mitochondrial isoenzyme 2 are the main adenylate kinases that are integrated in the vast network of inflammatory modulators. The cytosolic isoenzyme 5 is correlated with limbic encephalitis and Leu673Pro mutation of the isoenzyme 7 leads to primary male infertility due to impairment of the ciliary function. The impairment of the mitochondrial isoenzymes 2 and 4 is demonstrated in neuroblastoma or glioma. The adenylate kinases are disease modifier that can assess the risk of diseases where oxidative stress plays a crucial role in pathogenesis like metabolic syndrome or neurodegenerative diseases. Because adenylate kinases has ATP as substrate, they are integrated in the global network of energetic process of any organism therefore are valid target for new pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ileana Ionescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur, Cluj-Napoca, 400349, Romania. .,County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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11
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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12
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Yu E, Ruiz-Canela M, Razquin C, Guasch-Ferré M, Toledo E, Wang DD, Papandreou C, Dennis C, Clish C, Liang L, Bullo M, Corella D, Fitó M, Gutiérrez-Bedmar M, Lapetra J, Estruch R, Ros E, Cofán M, Arós F, Romaguera D, Serra-Majem L, Sorlí JV, Salas-Salvadó J, Hu FB, Martínez-González MA. Changes in arginine are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes: A case-cohort study in the PREDIMED trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:397-401. [PMID: 30146690 PMCID: PMC6329637 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The associations between arginine-based metabolites and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unknown. We employed a case-cohort design, nested within the PREDIMED trial, to examine six plasma metabolites (arginine, citrulline, ornithine, asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA], symmetric dimethylarginine [SDMA] and N-monomethyl-l-arginine [NMMA]) among 892 individuals (251 cases) for associations with incident T2D and insulin resistance. Weighted Cox models with robust variance were used. The 1-year changes in arginine (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49, 0.95; Q4 vs. Q1 0.46, 95% CI 0.21, 1.04; P trend = 0.02) and arginine/ADMA ratio (adjusted HR per SD 0.73, 95% CI 0.51, 1.04; Q4 vs. Q1 0.52, 95% CI 0.22, 1.25; P trend = 0.04) were associated with a lower risk of T2D. Positive changes of citrulline and ornithine, and negative changes in SDMA and arginine/(ornithine + citrulline) were associated with concurrent 1-year changes in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance. Individuals in the low-fat-diet group had a higher risk of T2D for 1-year changes in NMMA than individuals in Mediterranean-diet groups (P interaction = 0.02). We conclude that arginine bioavailability is important in T2D pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dong D Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Papandreou
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monica Bullo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Unit Research, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Salud Pública, Health Research Institute of Palma (IdISPa), University Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
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13
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Micheloni S, La Sala L, Ceriello A. Increases in circulating levels of ketone bodies and cardiovascular protection with SGLT2 inhibitors: Is low-grade inflammation the neglected component? Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:2515-2522. [PMID: 30073768 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated a strong cardiovascular (CV) protective effect of sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors, a recently introduced class of hypoglycaemic agents. The improvement in glycated haemoglobin and other conventional risk factors explains only a portion of the observed reduction in CV risk. A relevant feature of SGLT2-inhibitor-treated diabetic patients is the increase in circulating levels of ketone bodies, which has been proposed to mediate part of the beneficial effects of this class of drugs, mainly through their bioenergetic properties. However, ketone bodies are emerging as potent anti-inflammatory molecules, and inflammation is a recognized risk factor for the development of CV events. In this framework, we hypothesize that, through their unique mechanism of action and by increasing circulating ketone bodies, SGLT2 inhibitors indirectly target the IL-1β pathway and thus produce a consistent amelioration of low-grade inflammation, a clinically relevant phenomenon in diabetic patients with high CV risk. This attenuation could slow the progression of CV disease and especially the atherosclerotic process, which is sensitive to environmental changes, even over a short time period. To test this conceptual structure, it would be necessary to measure circulating pro-inflammatory molecules in patients treated with SGLT inhibitors. The addition of inflammatory markers to the list of clinical data measured in FDA-requested, large CV outcome trials could provide supplementary information regarding potential secondary effects of new anti-hyperglycaemic drugs, considering that the inflammatory process is an often neglected cornerstone of CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria De Nigris
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Ceriello
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Balamir I, Ates I, Topcuoglu C, Turhan T. Reply to Letter by Akboga et al Entitled "Are Endocan and Ischemia-Modified Albumin Reliable Biomarkers for Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?". Angiology 2018; 71:481. [PMID: 30092647 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718793784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Balamir
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Ates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Topcuoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turan Turhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Akboga MK, Okutucu S, Sabanoglu C, Yayla C, Ertem AG, Efe TH. Are Endocan and Ischemia-Modified Albumin Reliable Biomarkers for Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? Angiology 2018; 71:479-480. [PMID: 29874919 DOI: 10.1177/0003319718780610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kadri Akboga
- Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sercan Okutucu
- Department of Cardiology, Memorial Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sabanoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagri Yayla
- Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Goktug Ertem
- Department of Cardiology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolga Han Efe
- Department of Cardiology, Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Emanuele S, D'Anneo A, Calvaruso G, Cernigliaro C, Giuliano M, Lauricella M. The Double-Edged Sword Profile of Redox Signaling: Oxidative Events As Molecular Switches in the Balance between Cell Physiology and Cancer. Chem Res Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29513521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular redox state in the cell depends on the balance between the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of defensive systems including antioxidant enzymes. This balance is a dynamic process that can change in relation to many factors and/or stimuli induced within the cell. ROS production is derived from physiological metabolic events. For instance, mitochondria represent the major ROS sources during oxidative phosphorylation, but other systems, such as NADPH oxidase or specific enzymes in certain metabolisms, may account for ROS production as well. Whereas high levels of ROS perturb the cell environment, causing oxidative damage to biological macromolecules, low levels of ROS can exert a functional role in the cell, influencing the activity of specific enzymes or modulating some intracellular signaling cascades. Of particular interest appears to be the role of ROS in tumor systems not only because ROS are known to be tumorigenic but also because tumor cells are able to modify their redox state, regulating ROS production to sustain tumor growth and proliferation. Overall, the scope of this review was to critically discuss the most recent findings pertaining to ROS physiological roles as well as to highlight the controversial involvement of ROS in tumor systems.
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