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Anand U, Pacchetti B, Anand P, Sodergren MH. The Endocannabinoid Analgesic Entourage Effect: Investigations in Cultured DRG Neurons. J Pain Res 2022; 15:3493-3507. [PMID: 36394060 PMCID: PMC9642605 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s378876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) exerts dose-related anti-nociceptive effects, which are potentiated by the related but inactive 2-palmitoyl glycerol (2-PG) and 2-linoleoyl glycerol (2-LG). This potentiation of analgesia and other in vivo measures was described as the "entourage effect". We investigated this effect on TRPV1 signalling in cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors. METHODS Adult rat DRG neurons were cultured in medium containing NGF and GDNF at 37°C. 48 h later cultures were loaded with 2 µM Fura2AM for calcium imaging, and treated with 2-AG, 2-PG and 2-LG, individually or combined, for 5 min, followed by 1 µMol capsaicin. The amplitude and latency of capsaicin responses were measured (N=3-7 rats, controls N=16), and analysed. RESULTS In controls, 1 µMol capsaicin elicited immediate calcium influx in a subset of neurons, with average latency of 1.27 ± 0.2 s and amplitude of 0.15 ± 0.01 Units. 2-AG (10-100 µMol) elicited calcium influx in some neurons. In the presence of 2-AG (0.001-100 µMol), capsaicin responses were markedly delayed in 64% neurons by up to 320 s (P<0.001). 2-PG increased capsaicin response latency at 0.1 nMol-100 µMol (P<0.001), in 60% neurons, as did 2-LG at 0.1-100 µMol (P<0.001), in 76% neurons. Increased capsaicin response latency due to 2-AG and 2-PG was sensitive to the CB2 but not to the CB1 receptor antagonist. Combined application of 1 µMol 2-AG, 5 µMol 2-PG and 10 µMol 2-LG, also resulted in significantly increased capsaicin response latency up to 281.5 ± 41.5 s (P<0.001), in 96% neurons, that was partially restored by the CB2, but not the CB1 antagonist. CONCLUSION 2-AG, 2-LG and 2-PG significantly delayed TRPV1 signalling in the majority of capsaicin-sensitive DRG neurons, that was markedly increased following combined application. Further studies of these endocannabinoids are required to identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Anand
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | | | - Praveen Anand
- Professor of Clinical Neurology, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Mikael Hans Sodergren
- Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Curaleaf International Limited, London, EC2A 2EW, UK
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Inhibiting Endocannabinoid Hydrolysis as Emerging Analgesic Strategy Targeting a Spectrum of Ion Channels Implicated in Migraine Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084407. [PMID: 35457225 PMCID: PMC9027089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disorder characterized by severe pain with still limited efficient treatments. Endocannabinoids, the endogenous painkillers, emerged, alternative to plant cannabis, as promising analgesics against migraine pain. In this thematic review, we discuss how inhibition of the main endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), could raise the level of endocannabinoids (endoCBs) such as 2-AG and anandamide in order to alleviate migraine pain. We describe here: (i) migraine pain signaling pathways, which could serve as specific targets for antinociception; (ii) a divergent distribution of MAGL and FAAH activities in the key regions of the PNS and CNS implicated in migraine pain signaling; (iii) a complexity of anti-nociceptive effects of endoCBs mediated by cannabinoid receptors and through a direct modulation of ion channels in nociceptive neurons; and (iv) the spectrum of emerging potent MAGL and FAAH inhibitors which efficiently increase endoCBs levels. The specific distribution and homeostasis of endoCBs in the main regions of the nociceptive system and their generation ‘on demand’, along with recent availability of MAGL and FAAH inhibitors suggest new perspectives for endoCBs-mediated analgesia in migraine pain.
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Woodhams SG, Chapman V, Finn DP, Hohmann AG, Neugebauer V. The cannabinoid system and pain. Neuropharmacology 2017; 124:105-120. [PMID: 28625720 PMCID: PMC5785108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain states are highly prevalent and yet poorly controlled by currently available analgesics, representing an enormous clinical, societal, and economic burden. Existing pain medications have significant limitations and adverse effects including tolerance, dependence, gastrointestinal dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and a narrow therapeutic window, making the search for novel analgesics ever more important. In this article, we review the role of an important endogenous pain control system, the endocannabinoid (EC) system, in the sensory, emotional, and cognitive aspects of pain. Herein, we briefly cover the discovery of the EC system and its role in pain processing pathways, before concentrating on three areas of current major interest in EC pain research; 1. Pharmacological enhancement of endocannabinoid activity (via blockade of EC metabolism or allosteric modulation of CB1receptors); 2. The EC System and stress-induced modulation of pain; and 3. The EC system & medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dysfunction in pain states. Whilst we focus predominantly on the preclinical data, we also include extensive discussion of recent clinical failures of endocannabinoid-related therapies, the future potential of these approaches, and important directions for future research on the EC system and pain. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "A New Dawn in Cannabinoid Neurobiology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Woodhams
- Arthritis UK Pain Centre, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Arthritis UK Pain Centre, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Graduate Program, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Zubrzycki M, Janecka A, Liebold A, Ziegler M, Zubrzycka M. Effects of centrally administered endocannabinoids and opioids on orofacial pain perception in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3780-3789. [PMID: 28771697 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endocannabinoids and opioids play a vital role in mediating pain-induced analgesia. The specific effects of these compounds within the orofacial region are largely unknown. In this study, we tried to determine whether an increase in cannabinoid and opioid concentration in the CSF affects impulse transmission between the motor centres localized in the vicinity of the third and fourth cerebral ventricles. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The study objectives were realized on rats using a method that allows the recording of the amplitude of evoked tongue jerks (ETJ) in response to noxious tooth pulp stimulation. The amplitude of ETJ was a measure of the effect of neurotransmitters on neural structures. KEY RESULTS Perfusion of cerebral ventricles with anandamide (AEA), endomorphin-2 (EM-2), URB597, an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and JZL195, a dual inhibitor of FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) reduced the ETJ amplitude. The antinociceptive effect of AEA, EM-2, URB597 and JZL195 was blocked by CB1 receptor antagonist, AM251 and by μ receptor-antagonist, β-funaltrexamine. In contrast to AEA, 2-arachidonoylglycerol alone did not decrease ETJ amplitude. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated that in the orofacial area, analgesic activity is modulated by AEA and that EM-2-induced antinociception was mediated by μ and CB1 receptors. The action of AEA and EM-2 is tightly regulated by FAAH and FAAH/MAGL, by preventing the breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids in regions where they are produced on demand. Therefore, the current findings support the therapeutic potential of FAAH and FAAH/MAGL inhibitors as novel pharmacotherapeutic agents for orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zubrzycki
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andreas Liebold
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mechthild Ziegler
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Zubrzycka
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Interdepartmental Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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The endocannabinoid system, a novel and key participant in acupuncture's multiple beneficial effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:340-357. [PMID: 28412017 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture and its modified forms have been used to treat multiple medical conditions, but whether the diverse effects of acupuncture are intrinsically linked at the cellular and molecular level and how they might be connected have yet to be determined. Recently, an emerging role for the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the regulation of a variety of physiological/pathological conditions has been identified. Overlap between the biological and therapeutic effects induced by ECS activation and acupuncture has facilitated investigations into the participation of ECS in the acupuncture-induced beneficial effects, which have shed light on the idea that the ECS may be a primary mediator and regulatory factor of acupuncture's beneficial effects. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature concerning the role of endocannabinoid signaling in the various effects of acupuncture, and suggests a novel notion that acupuncture may restore homeostasis under different pathological conditions by regulating similar networks of signaling pathways, resulting in the activation of different reaction cascades in specific tissues in response to pathological insults.
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Dócs K, Mészár Z, Gonda S, Kiss-Szikszai A, Holló K, Antal M, Hegyi Z. The Ratio of 2-AG to Its Isomer 1-AG as an Intrinsic Fine Tuning Mechanism of CB1 Receptor Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:39. [PMID: 28265242 PMCID: PMC5316530 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are pleiotropic lipid messengers that play pro-homeostatic role in cellular physiology by strongly influencing intracellular Ca2+ concentration through the activation of cannabinoid receptors. One of the best-known endocannabinoid ‘2-AG’ is chemically unstable in aqueous solutions, thus its molecular rearrangement, resulting in the formation of 1-AG, may influence 2-AG-mediated signaling depending on the relative concentration and potency of the two isomers. To predict whether this molecular rearrangement may be relevant in physiological processes and in experiments with 2-AG, here we studied if isomerization of 2-AG has an impact on 2-AG-induced, CB1-mediated Ca2+ signaling in vitro. We found that the isomerization-dependent drop in effective 2-AG concentration caused only a weak diminution of Ca2+ signaling in CB1 transfected COS7 cells. We also found that 1-AG induces Ca2+ transients through the activation of CB1, but its working concentration is threefold higher than that of 2-AG. Decreasing the concentration of 2-AG in parallel to the prevention of 1-AG formation by rapid preparation of 2-AG solutions, caused a significant diminution of Ca2+ signals. However, various mixtures of the two isomers in a fix total concentration – mimicking the process of isomerization over time – attenuated the drop in 2-AG potency, resulting in a minor decrease in CB1 mediated Ca2+ transients. Our results indicate that release of 2-AG into aqueous medium is accompanied by its isomerization, resulting in a drop of 2-AG concentration and simultaneous formation of the similarly bioactive isomer 1-AG. Thus, the relative concentration of the two isomers with different potency and efficacy may influence CB1 activation and the consequent biological responses. In addition, our results suggest that 1-AG may play role in stabilizing the strength of cannabinoid signal in case of prolonged 2-AG dependent cannabinoid mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Dócs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Holló
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hegyi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
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Hillard CJ. The Endocannabinoid Signaling System in the CNS: A Primer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 125:1-47. [PMID: 26638763 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the mechanisms for the regulation of endocannabinoid signaling through CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system. The processes involved in the synthesis and degradation of the two most well-studied endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and N-arachidonylethanolamine are outlined along with information regarding the regulation of the proteins involved. Signaling mechanisms and pharmacology of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor are outlined, as is the paradigm of endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor regulation of neurotransmitter release. The reader is encouraged to appreciate the importance of the endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor signaling system in the regulation of synaptic activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia J Hillard
- Neuroscience Research Center, and Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Multiple Forms of Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid Signaling Regulate the Tonic Control of GABA Release. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10039-57. [PMID: 26157003 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4112-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Persistent CB1 cannabinoid receptor activity limits neurotransmitter release at various synapses throughout the brain. However, it is not fully understood how constitutively active CB1 receptors, tonic endocannabinoid signaling, and its regulation by multiple serine hydrolases contribute to the synapse-specific calibration of neurotransmitter release probability. To address this question at perisomatic and dendritic GABAergic synapses in the mouse hippocampus, we used a combination of paired whole-cell patch-clamp recording, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy super-resolution imaging, and immunogold electron microscopy. Unexpectedly, application of the CB1 antagonist and inverse agonist AM251 [N-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-1-piperidinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide], but not the neutral antagonist NESS0327 [8-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[2,3]cyclohepta[2,4-b]pyrazole-3-carboxamine], significantly increased synaptic transmission between CB1-positive perisomatic interneurons and CA1 pyramidal neurons. JZL184 (4-nitrophenyl 4-[bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)(hydroxy)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate), a selective inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), the presynaptic degrading enzyme of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), elicited a robust increase in 2-AG levels and concomitantly decreased GABAergic transmission. In contrast, inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) by PF3845 (N-pyridin-3-yl-4-[[3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide) elevated endocannabinoid/endovanilloid anandamide levels but did not change GABAergic synaptic activity. However, FAAH inhibitors attenuated tonic 2-AG increase and also decreased its synaptic effects. This antagonistic interaction required the activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor TRPV1, which was concentrated on postsynaptic intracellular membrane cisternae at perisomatic GABAergic symmetrical synapses. Interestingly, neither AM251, JZL184, nor PF3845 affected CB1-positive dendritic interneuron synapses. Together, these findings are consistent with the possibility that constitutively active CB1 receptors substantially influence perisomatic GABA release probability and indicate that the synaptic effects of tonic 2-AG release are tightly controlled by presynaptic MGL activity and also by postsynaptic endovanilloid signaling and FAAH activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tonic cannabinoid signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. However, the mechanistic details of how persistent CB1 cannabinoid receptor activity inhibits neurotransmitter release have remained elusive. Therefore, electrophysiological recordings, lipid measurements, and super-resolution imaging were combined to elucidate those signaling molecules and mechanisms that underlie tonic cannabinoid signaling. The findings indicate that constitutive CB1 activity has pivotal function in the tonic control of hippocampal GABA release. Moreover, the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is continuously generated postsynaptically, but its synaptic effect is regulated strictly by presynaptic monoacylglycerol lipase activity. Finally, anandamide signaling antagonizes tonic 2-AG signaling via activation of postsynaptic transient receptor potential vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. This unexpected mechanistic diversity may be necessary to fine-tune GABA release probability under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Abstract
The antiepileptic potential of Cannabis sativa preparations has been historically recognized. Recent changes in legal restrictions and new well-documented cases reporting remarkably strong beneficial effects have triggered an upsurge in exploiting medical marijuana in patients with refractory epilepsy. Parallel research efforts in the last decade have uncovered the fundamental role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in controlling neuronal network excitability raising hopes for cannabinoid-based therapeutic approaches. However, emerging data show that patient responsiveness varies substantially, and that cannabis administration may sometimes even exacerbate seizures. Qualitative and quantitative chemical variability in cannabis products and personal differences in the etiology of seizures, or in the pathological reorganization of epileptic networks, can all contribute to divergent patient responses. Thus, the consensus view in the neurologist community is that drugs modifying the activity of the endocannabinoid system should first be tested in clinical trials to establish efficacy, safety, dosing, and proper indication in specific forms of epilepsies. To support translation from anecdote-based practice to evidence-based therapy, the present review first introduces current preclinical and clinical efforts for cannabinoid- or endocannabinoid-based epilepsy treatments. Next, recent advances in our knowledge of how endocannabinoid signaling limits abnormal network activity as a central component of the synaptic circuit-breaker system will be reviewed to provide a framework for the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the beneficial and adverse effects. Finally, accumulating evidence demonstrating robust synapse-specific pathophysiological plasticity of endocannabinoid signaling in epileptic networks will be summarized to gain better understanding of how and when pharmacological interventions may have therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Katona
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony u. 43, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
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10
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Khasabova IA, Yao X, Paz J, Lewandowski CT, Lindberg AE, Coicou L, Burlakova N, Simone DA, Seybold VS. JZL184 is anti-hyperalgesic in a murine model of cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pharmacol Res 2014; 90:67-75. [PMID: 25304184 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin has been used effectively to treat a variety of cancers but its use is limited by the development of painful peripheral neuropathy. Because the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG) is anti-hyperalgesic in several preclinical models of chronic pain, the anti-hyperalgesic effect of JZL184, an inhibitor of 2-AG hydrolysis, was tested in a murine model of cisplatin-induced hyperalgesia. Systemic injection of cisplatin (1mg/kg) produced mechanical hyperalgesia when administered daily for 7 days. Daily peripheral administration of a low dose of JZL184 in conjunction with cisplatin blocked the expression of mechanical hyperalgesia. Acute injection of a cannabinoid (CB)-1 but not a CB2 receptor antagonist reversed the anti-hyperalgesic effect of JZL184 indicating that downstream activation of CB1 receptors suppressed the expression of mechanical hyperalgesia. Components of endocannabinoid signaling in plantar hind paw skin and lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were altered by treatments with cisplatin and JZL184. Treatment with cisplatin alone reduced levels of 2-AG and AEA in skin and DRGs as well as CB2 receptor protein in skin. Combining treatment of JZL184 with cisplatin increased 2-AG in DRGs compared to cisplatin alone but had no effect on the amount of 2-AG in skin. Evidence that JZL184 decreased the uptake of [(3)H]AEA into primary cultures of DRGs at a concentration that also inhibited the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase, in conjunction with data that 2-AG mimicked the effect of JZL184 on [(3)H]AEA uptake support the conclusion that AEA most likely mediates the anti-hyperalgesic effect of JZL184 in this model.
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MESH Headings
- Amides
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Analgesics/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Arachidonic Acids/metabolism
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Benzodioxoles/pharmacology
- Benzodioxoles/therapeutic use
- Cells, Cultured
- Cisplatin
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Endocannabinoids/pharmacology
- Ethanolamines/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Glycerides/metabolism
- Glycerides/pharmacology
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Mesencephalon/drug effects
- Mesencephalon/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Monoacylglycerol Lipases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Neuralgia/chemically induced
- Neuralgia/drug therapy
- Neuralgia/metabolism
- Palmitic Acids/metabolism
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/therapeutic use
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna A Khasabova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Xu Yao
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Justin Paz
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Amy E Lindberg
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Lia Coicou
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Natasha Burlakova
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Don A Simone
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Virginia S Seybold
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, University of Minnesota, USA.
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Toniolo EF, Maique ET, Ferreira WA, Heimann AS, Ferro ES, Ramos-Ortolaza DL, Miller L, Devi LA, Dale CS. Hemopressin, an inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptors, inhibits neuropathic pain in rats. Peptides 2014; 56:125-31. [PMID: 24703998 PMCID: PMC4112957 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct-acting cannabinoid receptor ligands are well known to reduce hyperalgesic responses after nerve injury, although their psychoactive side effects have damped enthusiasm for their therapeutic development. Hemopressin (Hp) is a nonapeptide that selectively binds CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 receptors) and exerts antinociceptive action in inflammatory pain models. We investigated the effect of Hp on neuropathic pain in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, and explored the mechanisms involved. Oral administration of Hp inhibits mechanical hyperalgesia of CCI-rats up to 6h. Hp treatment also decreases Egr-1 immunoreactivity (Egr-1Ir) in the superficial layer of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of CCI rats. The antinociceptive effect of Hp seems to be independent of inhibitory descending pain pathway since methysergide (5HT1A receptor antagonist) and yohimbine (α-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist) were unable to prevent Hp antinociceptive effect. Hp decreased calcium flux on DRG neurons from CCI rats, similarly to that observed for AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist. We also investigated the effect of Hp on potassium channels of CCI rats using UCL 1684 (a blocker of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels) which reversed Hp-induced antinociception. Furthermore, concomitant administration of URB-584 (FAAH inhibitor) but not JZL-184 (MAGL inhibitor) potentiates antinociceptive effect of Hp in CCI rats indicating an involvement of anadamide on HP-induced antinociception. Together, these data demonstrate that Hp displays antinociception in pain from neuropathic etiology through local effects. The release of anandamide and the opening of peripheral K(+) channels are involved in the antinociceptive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine F Toniolo
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estêfani T Maique
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson A Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emer S Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dinah L Ramos-Ortolaza
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Lydia Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Camila S Dale
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Department of Anatomy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Harkany T, Zeilhofer HU, Cattaneo A. Neurotrophin and endocannabinoid interactions in the neurobiology of pain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:331-3. [PMID: 24494673 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Harkany
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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