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Moaddel R, Farmer CA, Yavi M, Kadriu B, Zhu M, Fan J, Chen Q, Lehrmann E, Fantoni G, De S, Mazucanti CH, Acevedo-Diaz EE, Yuan P, Gould TD, Park LT, Egan JM, Ferrucci L, Zarate CA. Cerebrospinal fluid exploratory proteomics and ketamine metabolite pharmacokinetics in human volunteers after ketamine infusion. iScience 2023; 26:108527. [PMID: 38162029 PMCID: PMC10755719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is a treatment for both refractory depression and chronic pain syndromes. In order to explore ketamine's potential mechanism of action and whether ketamine or its metabolites cross the blood brain barrier, we examined the pharmacokinetics of ketamine and its metabolites-norketamine (NK), dehydronorketamine (DHNK), and hydroxynorketamines (HNKs)-in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, as well as in an exploratory proteomic analysis in the CSF of nine healthy volunteers who received ketamine intravenously (0.5 mg/kg IV). We found that ketamine, NK, and (2R,6R;2S,6S)-HNK readily crossed the blood brain barrier. Additionally, 354 proteins were altered in the CSF in at least two consecutive timepoints (p < 0.01). Proteins in the classes of tyrosine kinases, cellular adhesion molecules, and growth factors, including insulin, were most affected, suggesting an interplay of altered neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and neural network functions following ketamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Cristan A. Farmer
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mani Yavi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jinshui Fan
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Supriyo De
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Caio H. Mazucanti
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elia E. Acevedo-Diaz
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peixiong Yuan
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lawrence T. Park
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Joly-Amado A, Kulkarni N, Nash KR. Reelin Signaling in Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1479. [PMID: 37891846 PMCID: PMC10605156 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in neuronal migration during embryonic brain development and synaptic plasticity in the adult brain. The role of Reelin in the developing central nervous system has been extensively characterized. Indeed, a loss of Reelin or a disruption in its signaling cascade leads to neurodevelopmental defects and is associated with ataxia, intellectual disability, autism, and several psychiatric disorders. In the adult brain, Reelin is critically involved in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Reelin's signaling potentiates glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, induces synaptic maturation, and increases AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits' expression and activity. As a result, there is a growing literature reporting that a loss of function and/or reduction of Reelin is implicated in numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The present review summarizes the current state of the literature regarding the implication of Reelin and Reelin-mediated signaling during aging and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting Reelin as a possible target in the prevention or treatment of progressive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (N.K.); (K.R.N.)
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Johnston JN, Allen J, Shkolnikov I, Sanchez-Lafuente CL, Reive BS, Scheil K, Liang S, Christie BR, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Reelin Rescues Behavioral, Electrophysiological, and Molecular Metrics of a Chronic Stress Phenotype in a Similar Manner to Ketamine. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0106-23.2023. [PMID: 37550058 PMCID: PMC10431216 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0106-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has demonstrated fast-acting antidepressant effects previously unseen with monoaminergic-based therapeutics. Concerns regarding psychotomimetic effects limit the use of ketamine for certain patient populations. Reelin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has shown promise as a putative fast-acting antidepressant in a model of chronic stress. However, research has not yet demonstrated the changes that occur rapidly after peripheral reelin administration. To address this key gap in knowledge, male Long-Evans rats underwent a chronic corticosterone (CORT; or vehicle) paradigm (40 mg/kg, 21 d). On day 21, rats were then administered an acute dose of ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), reelin (3 µg, i.v.), or vehicle. Twenty-four hours after administration, rats underwent behavioral or in vivo electrophysiological testing before killing. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm changes in hippocampal reelin immunoreactivity. Lastly, the hippocampus was microdissected from fresh tissue to ascertain whole cell and synaptic-specific changes in protein expression through Western blotting. Chronic corticosterone induced a chronic stress phenotype in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test (SPT). Both reelin and ketamine rescued immobility and swimming, however reelin alone rescued latency to immobility. In vivo electrophysiology revealed decreases in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) after chronic stress which was increased significantly by both ketamine and reelin. Reelin immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus paralleled the behavioral and electrophysiological findings, but no significant changes were observed in synaptic-level protein expression. This exploratory research supports the putative rapid-acting antidepressant effects of an acute dose of reelin across behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenessa N Johnston
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Irene Shkolnikov
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Carla L Sanchez-Lafuente
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brady S Reive
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Kaylene Scheil
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Stanley Liang
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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Li Q, Morrill NK, Moerman-Herzog AM, Barger SW, Joly-Amado A, Peters M, Soueidan H, Diemler C, Prabhudeva S, Weeber EJ, Nash KR. Central repeat fragment of reelin leads to active reelin intracellular signaling and rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of reelin deficiency. Cell Signal 2023:110763. [PMID: 37315752 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reelin and its receptor, ApoER2, play important roles in prenatal brain development and postnatally in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Previous reports suggest that reelin's central fragment binds to ApoER2 and receptor clustering is involved in subsequent intracellular signaling. However, limitations of currently available assays have not established cellular evidence of ApoER2 clustering upon binding of the central reelin fragment. In the present study, we developed a novel, cell-based assay of ApoER2 dimerization using a "split-luciferase" approach. Specifically, cells were co-transfected with one recombinant ApoER2 receptor fused to the N-terminus of luciferase and one ApoER2 receptor fused to the C-terminus of luciferase. Using this assay, we directly observed basal ApoER2 dimerization/clustering in transfected HEK293T cells and, significantly, an increase in ApoER2 clustering in response to that central fragment of reelin. Furthermore, the central fragment of reelin activated intracellular signal transduction of ApoER2, indicated by increased levels of phosphorylation of Dab1, ERK1/2, and Akt in primary cortical neurons. Functionally, we were able to demonstrate that injection of the central fragment of reelin rescued phenotypic deficits observed in the heterozygous reeler mouse. These data are the first to test the hypothesis that the central fragment of reelin contributes to facilitating the reelin intracellular signaling pathway through receptor clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyou Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole K Morrill
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andréa M Moerman-Herzog
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States of America
| | - Steven W Barger
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States of America
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Melinda Peters
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hana Soueidan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cory Diemler
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sahana Prabhudeva
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Edwin J Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kevin R Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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5
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Lee HJ, Park JH, Trotter JH, Maher JN, Keenoy KE, Jang YM, Lee Y, Kim JI, Weeber EJ, Hoe HS. Reelin and APP Cooperatively Modulate Dendritic Spine Formation In Vitro and In Vivo. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:42-55. [PMID: 36919335 PMCID: PMC10017845 DOI: 10.5607/en22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the normal function of APP at synapses is poorly understood. We and others have found that APP interacts with Reelin and that each protein is individually important for dendritic spine formation, which is associated with learning and memory, in vitro. However, whether Reelin acts through APP to modulate dendritic spine formation or synaptic function remains unknown. In the present study, we found that Reelin treatment significantly increased dendritic spine density and PSD-95 puncta number in primary hippocampal neurons. An examination of the molecular mechanisms by which Reelin regulates dendritic spinogenesis revealed that Reelin enhanced hippocampal dendritic spine formation in a Ras/ERK/CREB signaling-dependent manner. Interestingly, Reelin did not increase dendritic spine number in primary hippocampal neurons when APP expression was reduced or in vivo in APP knockout (KO) mice. Taken together, our data are the first to demonstrate that Reelin acts cooperatively with APP to modulate dendritic spine formation and suggest that normal APP function is critical for Reelin-mediated dendritic spinogenesis at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Justin H Trotter
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - James N Maher
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kathleen E Keenoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - You Mi Jang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Edwin J Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu 41062, Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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6
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Jin K, Zhang S, Jiang C, Liu R, Chen B, Zhao H, Zhang Q, Shen Z, Xu P, Hu X, Jiao J, Lu J, Huang M. The role of reelin in the pathological mechanism of depression from clinical to rodents. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114838. [PMID: 36103758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating mental illness and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus plays an important role in depression pathogenesis. Reelin is expressed mainly in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, and is closely associated with neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. However, few studies have investigated its role in MDD combining clinical trials and animal experiments. We show that in a clinical trial, plasma reelin levels decreased in patients with first-episode drug-naïve MDD and increased after treatment; further, plasma reelin levels allowed to distinguish drug-naïve patients with first-episode MDD from healthy individuals. In rats, chronic mild and unpredictable stress led to a decrease in both reelin mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus, which could be reversed by vortioxetine. Subsequent experiments confirmed that the reelin-ApoER2-NR2A /NR2B pathway regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity and may be involved in depression or antidepressant responses. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of MDD pathogenesis and provides new evidence that reelin should be considered a potential therapeutic target for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chaonan Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ripeng Liu
- College of First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of First Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Child Psychology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Pengfeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jianping Jiao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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7
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Morrill NK, Joly-Amado A, Li Q, Prabhudeva S, Weeber EJ, Nash KR. Reelin central fragment supplementation improves cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114170. [PMID: 35863501 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and is characterized by autistic behaviors, childhood seizures, and deficits in learning and memory. FXS has a loss of function of the FMR1 gene that leads to a lack of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) expression. FMRP is critical for synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory. Reelin is a large extracellular glycoprotein essential for synaptic plasticity and numerous neurodevelopmental processes. Reduction in Reelin signaling is implicated as a contributing factor in disease etiology in several neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, and autism. However, the role of Reelin in FXS is poorly understood. We demonstrate a reduction in Reelin in Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice, suggesting that a loss of Reelin activity may contribute to FXS. We demonstrate here that Reelin signaling enhancement via a single intracerebroventricular injection of the Reelin central fragment into Fmr1 KO mice can profoundly rescue cognitive deficits in hidden platform water maze and fear conditioning, as well as hyperactivity during the open field. Improvements in behavior were associated with rescued levels of post synaptic marker in Fmr1 KO mice when compared to controls. These data suggest that increasing Reelin signaling in FXS could offer a novel therapeutic for improving cognition in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K Morrill
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Qingyou Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Sahana Prabhudeva
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Edwin J Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Kevin R Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA.
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Wang R, Yang M, Wu Y, Liu R, Liu M, Li Q, Su X, Xin Y, Huo W, Deng Q, Ba Y, Huang H. SIRT1 modifies DNA methylation linked to synaptic deficits induced by Pb in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:219-228. [PMID: 35839949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) regulation of DNA methylation and thus the expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes induced by lead (Pb) exposure, the early-life Sprague-Dawley rats and PC12 cells were used to establish Pb exposure models and treated with SIRT1 agonists (resveratrol and SRT1720). In vivo results demonstrated that Pb exposure increased the expression of DNMTs, MeCP2, PP1 and cleaved caspase3, decreased the expression of SIRT1, BDNF and RELIN and altered DNA methylation levels of synaptic plasticity genes. Moreover, we observed marked pathological damage in the hippocampal CA1 region of the 0.2 % Pb-exposure group. After treatment with resveratrol, the effects of Pb exposure on the expression of the above molecules and pathological features were significantly ameliorated in the hippocampus of rats. In vitro results showed that after the treatment with SRT1720, the expression of SIRT1 was activated and thus reversed the effect on DNMTs, MeCP2, apoptosis and synaptic plasticity-related genes and their DNA methylation levels induced by Pb exposure. In conclusion, we validated the important protective role of SIRT1 in neurotoxicity induced by Pb exposure through in vivo and in vitro experiments, providing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Mengchen Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yongjuan Xin
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China.
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9
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Lambert N, Moïse M, Nguyen L. E3 Ubiquitin ligases and cerebral cortex development in health and disease. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:392-407. [PMID: 35476229 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral cortex development involves the sequential progression of biological steps driven by molecular pathways whose tight regulation often relies on ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification involved in all aspects of cellular homeostasis through the attachment of a ubiquitin moiety on proteins. Over the past years, an increasing amount of research has highlighted the crucial role played by ubiquitin ligases in every step of cortical development and whose impairment often leads to various neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we focus on the key contributions of E3 ubiquitin ligases for the progression of the different steps of corticogenesis, as well as the pathological consequences of their mutations, often resulting in malformations of cortical development. Finally, we discuss some promising targeted treatment strategies for these diseases based on recent advances in the field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lambert
- Laboratory of molecular regulation of neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, 4000, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Martin Moïse
- Laboratory of molecular regulation of neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, 4000, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Laboratory of molecular regulation of neurogenesis, GIGA-Stem Cells and GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, 4000, Belgium
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10
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Cosgrove JA, Kelly LK, Kiffmeyer EA, Kloth AD. Sex-dependent influence of postweaning environmental enrichment in Angelman syndrome model mice. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2468. [PMID: 34985196 PMCID: PMC8865162 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutation or loss of UBE3A and marked by intellectual disability, ataxia, autism-like symptoms, and other atypical behaviors. One route to treatment may lie in the role that environment plays early in postnatal life. Environmental enrichment (EE) is one manipulation that has shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of many brain disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we examined whether postweaning EE can rescue behavioral phenotypes in Ube3a maternal deletion mice (AS mice), and whether any improvements are sex-dependent. METHODS Male and female mice (C57BL/6J Ube3atm1Alb mice and wild-type (WT) littermates; ≥10 mice/group) were randomly assigned to standard housing (SH) or EE at weaning. EE had a larger footprint, a running wheel, and a variety of toys that promoted foraging, burrowing, and climbing. Following 6 weeks of EE, animals were submitted to a battery of tests that reliably elicit behavioral deficits in AS mice, including rotarod, open field, marble burying, and forced swim; weights were also monitored. RESULTS In male AS-EE mice, we found complete restoration of motor coordination, marble burying, and forced swim behavior to the level of WT-SH mice. We also observed a complete normalization of exploratory distance traveled in the open field, but we found no rescue of vertical behavior or center time. AS-EE mice also had weights comparable to WT-SH mice. Intriguingly, in the female AS-EE mice, we found a failure of EE to rescue the same behavioral deficits relative to female WT-SH mice. CONCLUSIONS Environmental enrichment is an effective route to correcting the most penetrant phenotypes in male AS mice but not female AS mice. This finding has important implications for the translatability of early behavioral intervention for AS patients, most importantly the potential dependency of treatment response on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameson A. Cosgrove
- Department of BiologyAugustana University2001 S. Summit AvenueSioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Lauren K. Kelly
- Department of BiologyAugustana University2001 S. Summit AvenueSioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Kiffmeyer
- Department of BiologyAugustana University2001 S. Summit AvenueSioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
| | - Alexander D. Kloth
- Department of BiologyAugustana University2001 S. Summit AvenueSioux FallsSouth DakotaUSA
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11
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Liu Y, Ouyang P, Zheng Y, Mi L, Zhao J, Ning Y, Guo W. A Selective Review of the Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Schizophrenia: Underlying Biology, Genetics, Microcircuits, and Symptoms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664535. [PMID: 34746116 PMCID: PMC8567014 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder characterized by specific positive and negative primary symptoms, social behavior disturbances and cognitive deficits (e.g., impairment in working memory and cognitive flexibility). Mounting evidence suggests that altered excitability and inhibition at the molecular, cellular, circuit and network level might be the basis for the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In the past decades, human and animal studies have identified that glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmissions are critically involved in several cognitive progresses, including learning and memory. The purpose of this review is, by analyzing emerging findings relating to the balance of excitatory and inhibitory, ranging from animal models of schizophrenia to clinical studies in patients with early onset, first-episode or chronic schizophrenia, to discuss how the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance may relate to the pathophysiology of disease phenotypes such as cognitive deficits and negative symptoms, and highlight directions for appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First School of Clinical Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Sawahata M, Asano H, Nagai T, Ito N, Kohno T, Nabeshima T, Hattori M, Yamada K. Microinjection of Reelin into the mPFC prevents MK-801-induced recognition memory impairment in mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105832. [PMID: 34450306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reelin, a large extracellular matrix protein, helps to regulate neuronal plasticity and cognitive function. Several studies have shown that Reelin dysfunction, resulting from factors such as mutations in gene RELN or low Reelin expression, is associated with schizophrenia (SCZ). We previously reported that microinjection of Reelin into cerebral ventricle prevents phencyclidine-induced cognitive and sensory-motor gating deficits. However, it remains unclear whether and how Reelin ameliorates behavioral abnormalities in the animal model of SCZ. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of recombinant Reelin microinjection into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on abnormal behaviors induced by MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Microinjection of Reelin into the mPFC prevented impairment of recognition memory of MK-801-treated mice in the novel object recognition test (NORT). On the other hand, the same treatment had no effect on deficits in sensory-motor gating and short-term memory in the pre-pulse inhibition and Y-maze tests, respectively. To establish the neural substrates that respond to Reelin, the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the mPFC was determined. A significant increase in c-Fos-positive cells in the mPFC of MK-801-treated mice was observed when compared with saline-treated mice, and this change was suppressed by microinjection of Reelin into the mPFC. A K2360/2467A Reelin that cannot bind to its receptor failed to ameliorate MK-801-induced cognitive deficits in NORT. These results suggest that Reelin prevents MK-801-induced recognition memory impairment by acting on its receptors to suppress neural activity in the mPFC of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Asano
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan; Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Norimichi Ito
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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13
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Hattori M, Kohno T. Regulation of Reelin functions by specific proteolytic processing in the brain. J Biochem 2021; 169:511-516. [PMID: 33566063 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted glycoprotein Reelin plays important roles in both brain development and function. During development, Reelin regulates neuronal migration and dendrite development. In the mature brain, the glycoprotein is involved in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. It has been suggested that Reelin loss or decreased function contributes to the onset and/or deterioration of neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. While the molecular mechanisms underpinning Reelin function remain unclear, recent studies have suggested that the specific proteolytic cleavage of Reelin may play central roles in the embryonic and postnatal brain. In this review, we focus on Reelin proteolytic processing and review its potential physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
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14
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Elgersma Y, Sonzogni M. UBE3A reinstatement as a disease-modifying therapy for Angelman syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:802-807. [PMID: 33543479 PMCID: PMC8248324 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Half a century ago, Harry Angelman reported three patients with overlapping clinical features, now well known as Angelman syndrome. Angelman syndrome is caused by mutations affecting the maternally inherited UBE3A gene, which encodes an E3-ubiquitin ligase that is critical for typical postnatal brain development. Emerging evidence indicates that UBE3A plays a particularly important role in the nucleus. However, the critical substrates that are controlled by UBE3A remain elusive, which hinders the search for effective treatments. Moreover, given the multitude of signalling mechanisms that are derailed, it is unlikely that targeting a single pathway is going to be very effective. Therefore, expectations are very high for approaches that aim to restore UBE3A protein levels. A particular promising strategy is an antisense oligonucleotide approach, which activates the silenced paternal UBE3A gene. When successful, such treatments potentially offer a disease-modifying therapy for Angelman syndrome and several other neurodevelopmental disorders. What this paper adds Loss of UBE3A affects multiple signalling pathways in the brain. Emerging evidence suggests that UBE3A plays a critical role in the cell nucleus. Trials using antisense oligonucleotides to restore UBE3A levels are continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Deptartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Sonzogni
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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15
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Allen J, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Severe life stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and depressive behavior: A pathophysiological and therapeutic perspective. Mitochondrion 2020; 56:111-117. [PMID: 33220501 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for providing our cells with energy, as well as regulating oxidative stress and apoptosis, and considerable evidence demonstrates that mitochondria-related alterations are prevalent during chronic stress and depression. Here, we discuss how chronic stress may induce depressive behavior by potentiating mitochondrial allostatic load, which ultimately decreases energy production, elevates the generation of harmful reactive oxygen species, damages mitochondrial DNA and increases membrane permeability and pro-apoptotic factor release. We also discuss how mitochondrial insults can exacerbate the immune response, contributing to depressive symptomology. Furthermore, we illustrate how depression symptoms are associated with specific mitochondrial defects, and how targeting of these defects with pharmacological agents may be a promising avenue for the development of novel, more efficacious antidepressants. In summary, this review supports the notion that severe psychosocial stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby increasing the vulnerability to developing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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16
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Lebedeva KA, Allen J, Kulhawy EY, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Cyclical administration of corticosterone results in aggravation of depression-like behaviors and accompanying downregulations in reelin in an animal model of chronic stress relevant to human recurrent depression. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Johnston JN, Thacker JS, Desjardins C, Kulyk BD, Romay-Tallon R, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Ketamine Rescues Hippocampal Reelin Expression and Synaptic Markers in the Repeated-Corticosterone Chronic Stress Paradigm. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:559627. [PMID: 32982757 PMCID: PMC7493014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.559627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, which necessitates novel therapeutics and biomarkers to approach treatment of this neuropsychiatric disorder. To assess potential mechanisms underlying the fast-acting antidepressant actions of ketamine we used a repeated corticosterone paradigm in adult male rats to assess the effects of ketamine on reelin-positive cells, a protein largely implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We also assessed the effects of reelin and ketamine on hippocampal and cerebellar synpatosomes, and on serotonin transporter clustering in peripheral lymphocytes to determine reelin and ketamine's impact at the synaptic and peripheral levels. Reelin and ketamine similarly rescue synaptic expression of mTOR and p-mTOR that were decreased by corticosterone. Reelin, but not ketamine, was able to rescue patterns of serotonin transporter clustering in the periphery. These findings display ketamine as a powerful modulator of reelin expression and lend strength to further evaluation of the putative fast antidepressant-like actions of reelin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian D. Kulyk
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Lisa E. Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J. Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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18
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Ibi D, Nakasai G, Koide N, Sawahata M, Kohno T, Takaba R, Nagai T, Hattori M, Nabeshima T, Yamada K, Hiramatsu M. Reelin Supplementation Into the Hippocampus Rescues Abnormal Behavior in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:285. [PMID: 32982694 PMCID: PMC7492784 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the majority of schizophrenia patients, chronic atypical antipsychotic administration produces a significant reduction in or even complete remission of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. However, these drugs are not effective in improving cognitive and emotional deficits in patients with schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotic drugs have a high affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor, and a modest affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. The cognitive and emotional deficits in schizophrenia are thought to involve neural networks beyond the classical dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway, however, including serotonergic systems. For example, mutations in the RELN gene, which encodes Reelin, an extracellular matrix protein involved in neural development and synaptic plasticity, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Furthermore, hippocampal Reelin levels are down-regulated in the brains of both schizophrenic patients and in rodent models of schizophrenia. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Reelin microinjection into the mouse hippocampus on behavioral phenotypes to evaluate the role of Reelin in neurodevelopmental disorders and to test a therapeutic approach that extends beyond classical monoamine targets. To model the cognitive and emotional deficits, as well as histological decreases in Reelin-positive cell numbers and hippocampal synaptoporin distribution, a synaptic vesicle protein, offspring that were prenatally exposed to maternal immune activation were used. Microinjections of recombinant Reelin protein into the hippocampus rescued impairments in object memory and anxiety-like behavior and recruited synaptoporin in the hippocampus in offspring exposed to antenatal inflammation. These results suggest that Reelin supplementation has the potential to treat cognitive and emotional impairments, as well as synaptic disturbances, in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ibi
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Genki Nakasai
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nayu Koide
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahito Sawahata
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rika Takaba
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Project Office for Neuropsychological Research Center, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology and Hospital Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Brymer KJ, Johnston J, Botterill JJ, Romay-Tallon R, Mitchell MA, Allen J, Pinna G, Caruncho HJ, Kalynchuk LE. Fast-acting antidepressant-like effects of Reelin evaluated in the repeated-corticosterone chronic stress paradigm. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1707-1716. [PMID: 31926481 PMCID: PMC7419539 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present report examines the effects of repeated or single intrahippocampal Reelin infusions on measures of depressive-like behavior, cognition, and hippocampal neurogenesis in the repeated-corticosterone (CORT) paradigm. Rats received subcutaneous injections of CORT for 3 weeks and Reelin was infused through an inserted canula in the left hippocampus on days 7, 14, and 21, or only on day 21 of CORT injections. CORT increased immobility in the forced-swim test and impaired object-location memory. Notably, these effects were reversed by both repeated and single-Reelin infusions. CORT decreased both the number and complexity of doublecortin-labeled maturing newborn neurons in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone, and a single-Reelin infusion increased the number but not complexity of newborn neurons, while repeated Reelin infusions restored both. Injection of the AMPA antagonist CNQX blocked the rescue of the behavioral phenotype by Reelin but did completely block the effects of Reelin on hippocampal neurogenesis. Reelin is able to rescue the deficits in AMPA, NMDA, GABAA receptors, mTOR and p-mTOR induced by CORT. These novel results demonstrate that a single intrahippocampal Reelin infusion into the dorsal hippocampus has fast-acting antidepressant-like effects, and that some of these effects may be at least partially independent of Reelin actions on hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Jenessa Johnston
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Justin J Botterill
- Center for Dementia Research, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | | | - Milann A Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada
| | - Josh Allen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute. Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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20
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Yang X. Characterizing spine issues: If offers novel therapeutics to Angelman syndrome. Dev Neurobiol 2020; 80:200-209. [PMID: 32378784 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, microcephaly, speech impairment, frequent epilepsy, EEG abnormalities, ataxic movements, tongue protrusion, bursts of laughter, sleep abruptions, and hyperactivity. AS results from loss of function of the imprinted UBE3A (ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A) gene on chromosome 15q11-q13, including a mutation on the maternal allele of Ube3a, a large deletion of the maternally inherited chromosomal region 15q11-13, paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15q11-13, or an imprinting defect. The Ube3a maternal deleted mouse model recaptured the major phenotypes of AS patients include seizure, learning and memory impairments, sleep disturbance, and motor problems. Owing to the activity-dependent structural and functional plasticity, dendritic spines are believed as the basic subcellular compartment for learning and memory and the sites where LTP and LTD are induced. Defects of spine formation and dynamics are common among several neurodevelopmental disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders including AS and reflect the underlying synaptopathology, which drives clinically relevant behavioral deficits. This review will summarize the impaired spine density, morphology, and synaptic plasticity in AS and propose that future explorations on spine dynamics and synaptic plasticity may help develop novel interventions and therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders like AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Kiroski I, Jiang Y, Gavrilovici C, Gao F, Lee S, Scantlebury MH, Vandal M, Park SK, Tsai LH, Teskey GC, Rho JM, Nguyen MD. Reelin Improves Cognition and Extends the Lifespan of Mutant Ndel1 Mice with Postnatal CA1 Hippocampus Deterioration. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4964-4978. [PMID: 32328622 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein Reelin maintains neuronal positioning and regulates neuronal plasticity in the adult brain. Reelin deficiency has been associated with neurological diseases. We recently showed that Reelin is depleted in mice with a targeted disruption of the Ndel1 gene in forebrain postnatal excitatory neurons (Ndel1 conditional knockout (CKO)). Ndel1 CKO mice exhibit fragmented microtubules in CA1 pyramidal neurons, profound deterioration of the CA1 hippocampus and a shortened lifespan (~10 weeks). Here we report that Ndel1 CKO mice (of both sexes) experience spatial learning and memory deficits that are associated with deregulation of neuronal cell adhesion, plasticity and neurotransmission genes, as assessed by genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the hippocampus. Importantly, a single injection of Reelin protein in the hippocampus of Ndel1 CKO mice improves spatial learning and memory function and this is correlated with reduced intrinsic hyperexcitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons, and normalized gene deregulation in the hippocampus. Strikingly, when treated with Reelin, Ndel1 CKO animals that die from an epileptic phenotype, live twice as long as nontreated, or vehicle-treated CKO animals. Thus, Reelin confers striking beneficial effects in the CA1 hippocampus, and at both behavioral and organismal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kiroski
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Yulan Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Cezar Gavrilovici
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5009, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, Boston, USA
| | - Sukyoung Lee
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Morris H Scantlebury
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Milene Vandal
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, Boston, USA
| | - G Campbell Teskey
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Jong M Rho
- Departments of Neurosciences & Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5009, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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22
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Maranga C, Fernandes TG, Bekman E, da Rocha ST. Angelman syndrome: a journey through the brain. FEBS J 2020; 287:2154-2175. [PMID: 32087041 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is an incurable neurodevelopmental disease caused by loss of function of the maternally inherited UBE3A gene. AS is characterized by a defined set of symptoms, namely severe developmental delay, speech impairment, uncontrolled laughter, and ataxia. Current understanding of the pathophysiology of AS relies mostly on studies using the murine model of the disease, although alternative models based on patient-derived stem cells are now emerging. Here, we summarize the literature of the last decade concerning the three major brain areas that have been the subject of study in the context of AS: hippocampus, cortex, and the cerebellum. Our comprehensive analysis highlights the major phenotypes ascribed to the different brain areas. Moreover, we also discuss the major drawbacks of current models and point out future directions for research in the context of AS, which will hopefully lead us to an effective treatment of this condition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Maranga
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Simão Teixeira da Rocha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Xu Q, Li M, Qin S, Li Y, Ning A, Fu Y, Wang D, Zeng D, Li H, Yu W, Yu S. Two Novel Loci of RELN Associated With Antipsychotics Response in Chinese Han Population. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:7. [PMID: 32082176 PMCID: PMC7005197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are great individual differences in the drug responses; however, there are few prognostic drug response biomarkers available. RELN is one of the more extensively examined schizophrenia candidate genes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether RELN can affect antipsychotics response in the Chinese population. This may lead to the discovery of relevant novel drug response markers. Methods The unrelated 260 Chinese Han inpatients with schizophrenia were enrolled in the present study. The enrolled subjects have been prescribed antipsychotic medication during the study. A total of 15 SNPs of RELN were genotyped by MassARRAY® platform. The association of the RELN gene with therapeutic response to antipsychotics was analyzed based on sex and age at onset. Results Two novel SNPs of RELN were found to be associated with antipsychotic treatment response (rs155333, p = 0.010 and rs6465938, p = 0.049) at nominal significance threshold, but not after multiple correction. Our study also revealed highly significant association of a haplotype consisting of three SNPs (rs362814-rs362626-rs2237628) with antipsychotic treatment response. Even after permutation, the p-value indicated significant association (rs362814-rs362626-rs2237628: ACT, χ2 = 6.353, p = 0.0117, permuted p = 0.04). Furthermore, a novel SNP, rs2535764, was found to be associated with antipsychotic response under overdominant genetic model at a marginal significant level of 0.046 (C/T vs. C/C + T/T: p = 0.046, AIC = 314.7, BIC = 321.6). Conclusion Our data indicated that RELN can affect antipsychotic treatment outcomes in the Chinese population. SNPs of RELN could be used as predictive biomarkers for future personalized medicine of antipsychotic drug treatment. However, none of the three novel SNPs (rs155333, rs6465938, and rs2535764) remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Therefore, validation is needed in larger pharmacogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaojing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingmei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Berg EL, Pride MC, Petkova SP, Lee RD, Copping NA, Shen Y, Adhikari A, Fenton TA, Pedersen LR, Noakes LS, Nieman BJ, Lerch JP, Harris S, Born HA, Peters MM, Deng P, Cameron DL, Fink KD, Beitnere U, O'Geen H, Anderson AE, Dindot SV, Nash KR, Weeber EJ, Wöhr M, Ellegood J, Segal DJ, Silverman JL. Translational outcomes in a full gene deletion of ubiquitin protein ligase E3A rat model of Angelman syndrome. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:39. [PMID: 32066685 PMCID: PMC7026078 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, impaired communication, motor deficits and ataxia, intellectual disabilities, microcephaly, and seizures. The genetic cause of AS is the loss of expression of UBE3A (ubiquitin protein ligase E6-AP) in the brain, typically due to a deletion of the maternal 15q11-q13 region. Previous studies have been performed using a mouse model with a deletion of a single exon of Ube3a. Since three splice variants of Ube3a exist, this has led to a lack of consistent reports and the theory that perhaps not all mouse studies were assessing the effects of an absence of all functional UBE3A. Herein, we report the generation and functional characterization of a novel model of Angelman syndrome by deleting the entire Ube3a gene in the rat. We validated that this resulted in the first comprehensive gene deletion rodent model. Ultrasonic vocalizations from newborn Ube3am-/p+ were reduced in the maternal inherited deletion group with no observable change in the Ube3am+/p- paternal transmission cohort. We also discovered Ube3am-/p+ exhibited delayed reflex development, motor deficits in rearing and fine motor skills, aberrant social communication, and impaired touchscreen learning and memory in young adults. These behavioral deficits were large in effect size and easily apparent in the larger rodent species. Low social communication was detected using a playback task that is unique to rats. Structural imaging illustrated decreased brain volume in Ube3am-/p+ and a variety of intriguing neuroanatomical phenotypes while Ube3am+/p- did not exhibit altered neuroanatomy. Our report identifies, for the first time, unique AS relevant functional phenotypes and anatomical markers as preclinical outcomes to test various strategies for gene and molecular therapies in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Berg
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M C Pride
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - S P Petkova
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - R D Lee
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - N A Copping
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Y Shen
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A Adhikari
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - T A Fenton
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L R Pedersen
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L S Noakes
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J P Lerch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Harris
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H A Born
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M M Peters
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - P Deng
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - D L Cameron
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - K D Fink
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, and Department of Neurology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - U Beitnere
- MIND Institute, Genome Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - H O'Geen
- MIND Institute, Genome Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A E Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S V Dindot
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - K R Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - E J Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M Wöhr
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - J Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D J Segal
- MIND Institute, Genome Center, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J L Silverman
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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25
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Sandusky-Beltran LA, Kovalenko A, Ma C, Calahatian JIT, Placides DS, Watler MD, Hunt JB, Darling AL, Baker JD, Blair LJ, Martin MD, Fontaine SN, Dickey CA, Lussier AL, Weeber EJ, Selenica MLB, Nash KR, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Lee DC. Spermidine/spermine-N 1-acetyltransferase ablation impacts tauopathy-induced polyamine stress response. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:58. [PMID: 31253191 PMCID: PMC6599347 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau stabilizes microtubules; however, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated, aggregates, and results in neuronal death. Our group recently uncovered a unique interaction between polyamine metabolism and tau fate. Polyamines exert an array of physiological effects that support neuronal function and cognitive processing. Specific stimuli can elicit a polyamine stress response (PSR), resulting in altered central polyamine homeostasis. Evidence suggests that elevations in polyamines following a short-term stressor are beneficial; however, persistent stress and subsequent PSR activation may lead to maladaptive polyamine dysregulation, which is observed in AD, and may contribute to neuropathology and disease progression. METHODS Male and female mice harboring tau P301L mutation (rTg4510) were examined for a tau-induced central polyamine stress response (tau-PSR). The direct effect of tau-PSR byproducts on tau fibrillization and oligomerization were measured using a thioflavin T assay and a N2a split superfolder GFP-Tau (N2a-ssGT) cell line, respectively. To therapeutically target the tau-PSR, we bilaterally injected caspase 3-cleaved tau truncated at aspartate 421 (AAV9 Tau ΔD421) into the hippocampus and cortex of spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), a key regulator of the tau-PSR, knock out (SSAT-/-), and wild type littermates, and the effects on tau neuropathology, polyamine dysregulation, and behavior were measured. Lastly, cellular models were employed to further examine how SSAT repression impacted tau biology. RESULTS Tau induced a unique tau-PSR signature in rTg4510 mice, notably in the accumulation of acetylated spermidine. In vitro, higher-order polyamines prevented tau fibrillization but acetylated spermidine failed to mimic this effect and even promoted fibrillization and oligomerization. AAV9 Tau ΔD421 also elicited a unique tau-PSR in vivo, and targeted disruption of SSAT prevented the accumulation of acetylated polyamines and impacted several tau phospho-epitopes. Interestingly, SSAT knockout mice presented with altered behavior in the rotarod task, the elevated plus maze, and marble burying task, thus highlighting the impact of polyamine homeostasis within the brain. CONCLUSION These data represent a novel paradigm linking tau pathology and polyamine dysfunction and that targeting specific arms within the polyamine pathway may serve as new targets to mitigate certain components of the tau phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Sandusky-Beltran
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Andrii Kovalenko
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Chao Ma
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - John Ivan T. Calahatian
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Devon S. Placides
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Mallory D. Watler
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Jerry B. Hunt
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - April L. Darling
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Jeremy D. Baker
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Laura J. Blair
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Mackenzie D. Martin
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Sarah N. Fontaine
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - April L. Lussier
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Edwin J. Weeber
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- 0000 0001 2150 1785grid.17088.36Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- 0000 0001 2150 1785grid.17088.36Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
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26
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Sonzogni M, Wallaard I, Santos SS, Kingma J, du Mee D, van Woerden GM, Elgersma Y. A behavioral test battery for mouse models of Angelman syndrome: a powerful tool for testing drugs and novel Ube3a mutants. Mol Autism 2018; 9:47. [PMID: 30220990 PMCID: PMC6137919 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations affecting UBE3A function. AS is characterized by intellectual disability, impaired motor coordination, epilepsy, and behavioral abnormalities including autism spectrum disorder features. The development of treatments for AS heavily relies on the ability to test the efficacy of drugs in mouse models that show reliable, and preferably clinically relevant, phenotypes. We previously described a number of behavioral paradigms that assess phenotypes in the domains of motor performance, repetitive behavior, anxiety, and seizure susceptibility. Here, we set out to evaluate the robustness of these phenotypes when tested in a standardized test battery. We then used this behavioral test battery to assess the efficacy of minocycline and levodopa, which were recently tested in clinical trials of AS. Methods We combined data of eight independent experiments involving 111 Ube3a mice and 120 wild-type littermate control mice. Using a meta-analysis, we determined the statistical power of the subtests and the effect of putative confounding factors, such as the effect of sex and of animal weight on rotarod performance. We further assessed the robustness of these phenotypes by comparing Ube3a mutants in different genetic backgrounds and by comparing the behavioral phenotypes of independently derived Ube3a-mutant lines. In addition, we investigated if the test battery allowed re-testing the same animals, which would allow a within-subject testing design. Results We find that the test battery is robust across different Ube3a-mutant lines, but confirm and extend earlier studies that several phenotypes are very sensitive to genetic background. We further found that the audiogenic seizure susceptibility phenotype is fully reversible upon pharmacological treatment and highly suitable for dose-finding studies. In agreement with the clinical trial results, we found that minocycline and levodopa treatment of Ube3a mice did not show any sign of improved performance in our test battery. Conclusions Our study provides a useful tool for preclinical drug testing to identify treatments for Angelman syndrome. Since the phenotypes are observed in several independently derived Ube3a lines, the test battery can also be employed to investigate the effect of specific Ube3a mutations on these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sonzogni
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilse Wallaard
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara Silva Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorine du Mee
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Geeske M. van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Leach PT, Crawley JN. Touchscreen learning deficits in Ube3a, Ts65Dn and Mecp2 mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disabilities. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 17:e12452. [PMID: 29266714 PMCID: PMC6013336 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutant mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disabilities provide useful translational research tools, especially in cases where robust cognitive deficits are reproducibly detected. However, motor, sensory and/or health issues consequent to the mutation may introduce artifacts that preclude testing in some standard cognitive assays. Touchscreen learning and memory tasks in small operant chambers have the potential to circumvent these confounds. Here we use touchscreen visual discrimination learning to evaluate performance in the maternally derived Ube3a mouse model of Angelman syndrome, the Ts65Dn trisomy mouse model of Down syndrome, and the Mecp2Bird mouse model of Rett syndrome. Significant deficits in acquisition of a 2-choice visual discrimination task were detected in both Ube3a and Ts65Dn mice. Procedural control measures showed no genotype differences during pretraining phases or during acquisition. Mecp2 males did not survive long enough for touchscreen training, consistent with previous reports. Most Mecp2 females failed on pretraining criteria. Significant impairments on Morris water maze spatial learning were detected in both Ube3a and Ts65Dn, replicating previous findings. Abnormalities on rotarod in Ube3a, and on open field in Ts65Dn, replicating previous findings, may have contributed to the observed acquisition deficits and swim speed abnormalities during water maze performance. In contrast, these motor phenotypes do not appear to have affected touchscreen procedural abilities during pretraining or visual discrimination training. Our findings of slower touchscreen learning in 2 mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders with intellectual disabilities indicate that operant tasks offer promising outcome measures for the preclinical discovery of effective pharmacological therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Leach
- MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - J N Crawley
- MIND Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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28
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Valko PO, Roschitzki B, Faigle W, Grossmann J, Panse C, Biro P, Dambach M, Spahn DR, Weller M, Martin R, Baumann CR. In search of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: A proteomics study. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12721. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp O. Valko
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bernd Roschitzki
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich University of Zurich/ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich University of Zurich/ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Panse
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich University of Zurich/ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Biro
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Micha Dambach
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Donat R. Spahn
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Roland Martin
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian R. Baumann
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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29
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Shabani S, Farbood Y, Mard SA, Sarkaki A, Ahangarpour A, Khorsandi L. The regulation of pituitary-thyroid abnormalities by peripheral administration of levothyroxine increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and reelin protein expression in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:275-280. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with decreased serum levels of thyroid hormones (THs), increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and decreased protein expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and reelin in the hippocampus. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of subcutaneous administration of levothyroxine (L-T4) on levels of THs and TSH as well as protein expression of BDNF and reelin in AD rats. To make an animal model of AD, amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plus ibotenic acid were infused intrahippocampally, and rats were treated with L-T4 and (or) saline for 10 days. The levels of THs and TSH were measured by ELISA kits. Protein synthesis was detected by Western blotting method. Results have been shown that serum level of THs, BDNF, and reelin protein expression in the hippocampus were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in AD animals and elevated significantly in AD rats treated with L-T4 (P < 0.01). Data showed that TSH level significantly decreased in AD rats treated with L-T4 (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that L-T4 increased BDNF and reelin protein expression by regulation of serum THs and TSH level in Aβ-induced AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahreh Shabani
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Brymer KJ, Fenton EY, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ. Peripheral Etanercept Administration Normalizes Behavior, Hippocampal Neurogenesis, and Hippocampal Reelin and GABA A Receptor Expression in a Preclinical Model of Depression. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29515447 PMCID: PMC5826281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder frequently comorbid with autoimmune disorders. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that repeated corticosterone (CORT) injections in rats reliably increase depressive-like behavior, impair hippocampal-dependent memory, reduce the number and complexity of adult-generated neurons in the dentate gyrus, decrease hippocampal reelin expression, and alter markers of GABAergic function. We hypothesized that peripheral injections of the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept could exert antidepressant effects through a restoration of many of these neurobiological changes. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of repeated CORT injections and concurrent injections of etanercept on measures of object-location and object-in-place memory, forced-swim test behavior, hippocampal neurogenesis, and reelin and GABA β2/3 immunohistochemistry. CORT increased immobility behavior in the forced swim test and impaired both object-location and object-in-place memory, and these effects were reversed by etanercept. CORT also decreased both the number and complexity of adult-generated neurons, but etanercept restored these measures back to control levels. Finally, CORT decreased the number of reelin and GABA β2/3-ir cells within the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, and etanercept restored these to control levels. These novel results demonstrate that peripheral etanercept has antidepressant effects that are accompanied by a restoration of cognitive function, hippocampal neurogenesis, and GABAergic plasticity, and suggest that a normalization of reelin expression in the dentate gyrus could be a key component underlying these novel antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Erin Y Fenton
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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A Rare Variant Identified Within the GluN2B C-Terminus in a Patient with Autism Affects NMDA Receptor Surface Expression and Spine Density. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4093-4102. [PMID: 28283559 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0827-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that are crucial for neuronal development and higher cognitive processes. NMDAR dysfunction is involved in a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases; however, the mechanistic link between the human pathology and NMDAR dysfunction is poorly understood. Rare missense variants within NMDAR subunits have been identified in numerous patients with mental or neurological disorders. We specifically focused on the GluN2B NMDAR subunit, which is highly expressed in the hippocampus and cortex throughout development. We analyzed several variants located in the GluN2B C terminus and found that three variants in patients with autism (S1415L) or schizophrenia (L1424F and S1452F) (S1413L, L1422F, and S1450F in rodents, respectively) displayed impaired binding to membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) proteins. In addition, we observed a deficit in surface expression for GluN2B S1413L. Furthermore, there were fewer dendritic spines in GluN2B S1413L-expressing neurons. Importantly, synaptic NMDAR currents in neurons transfected with GluN2B S1413L in GluN2A/B-deficient mouse brain slices revealed only partial rescue of synaptic current amplitude. Functional properties of GluN2B S1413L in recombinant systems revealed no change in receptor properties, consistent with synaptic defects being the result of reduced trafficking and targeting of GluN2B S1413L to the synapse. Therefore, we find that GluN2B S1413L displays deficits in NMDAR trafficking, synaptic currents, and spine density, raising the possibility that this mutation may contribute to the phenotype in this autism patient. More broadly, our research demonstrates that the targeted study of certain residues in NMDARs based on rare variants identified in patients is a powerful approach to studying receptor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We have used a "bedside-to-bench" approach to investigate the functional regulation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Using information from deep sequencing of patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders, we investigated missense variants identified in the intracellular C-terminal domain of the GluN2B NMDAR subunit. We found several variants that displayed altered properties. In particular, one variant identified in a patient with autism, human GluN2B S1415L, displayed reduced surface expression and binding to PSD-95. Furthermore expression of GluN2B S1415L (S1413L in mouse) showed a deficit in rescue of synaptic NMDAR currents and fewer dendritic spines, consistent with other reports of spine abnormalities being associated with autism. More broadly, we demonstrate that using patient data is an effective approach to probing the structure/function relationship of NMDARs.
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Faus-Garriga J, Novoa I, Ozaita A. mTOR signaling in proteostasis and its relevance to autism spectrum disorders. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2017.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Tan WH, Bird LM. Angelman syndrome: Current and emerging therapies in 2016. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 172:384-401. [PMID: 27860204 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a loss of the maternally-inherited UBE3A; the paternal UBE3A is silenced in neurons by a mechanism involving an antisense transcript (UBE3A-AS) at the unmethylated paternal locus. We reviewed all published information on the clinical trials that have been completed as well as the publicly available information on ongoing trials of therapies in AS. To date, all clinical trials that strove to improve neurodevelopment in AS have been unsuccessful. Attempts at hypermethylating the maternal locus through dietary compounds were ineffective. The results of an 8-week open-label trial using minocycline as a matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor were inconclusive, while a subsequent randomized placebo-controlled trial suggested that treatment with minocycline for 8 weeks did not result in any neurodevelopmental gains. A 1-year randomized placebo-controlled trial using levodopa to alter the phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II did not lead to any improvement in neurodevelopment. Topoisomerase inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides are being developed to directly inhibit UBE3A-AS. Artificial transcription factors are being developed to "super activate" UBE3A or inhibit UBE3A-AS. Other strategies targeting specific pathways are briefly discussed. We also reviewed the medications that are currently used to treat seizures and sleep disturbances, which are two of the more common complications of AS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Ishii K, Kubo KI, Nakajima K. Reelin and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:229. [PMID: 27803648 PMCID: PMC5067484 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper neuronal migration and laminar formation during corticogenesis is essential for normal brain function. Disruption of these developmental processes is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of some neuropsychiatric conditions. Especially, Reelin, a glycoprotein mainly secreted by the Cajal-Retzius cells and a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons, has been shown to play a critical role, both during embryonic and postnatal periods. Indeed, animal studies have clearly revealed that Reelin is an essential molecule for proper migration of cortical neurons and finally regulates the cell positioning in the cortex during embryonic and early postnatal stages; by contrast, Reelin signaling is closely involved in synaptic function in adulthood. In humans, genetic studies have shown that the reelin gene (RELN) is associated with a number of psychiatric diseases, including Schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BP) and autistic spectrum disorder. Indeed, Reln haploinsufficiency has been shown to cause cognitive impairment in rodents, suggesting the expression level of the Reelin protein is closely related to the higher brain functions. However, the molecular abnormalities in the Reelin pathway involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders are not yet fully understood. In this article, we review the current progress in the understanding of the Reelin functions that could be related to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we discuss the basis for selecting Reelin and molecules in its downstream signaling pathway as potential therapeutic targets for psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ishii
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Kubo
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
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Lane-Donovan C, Desai C, Pohlkamp T, Plautz EJ, Herz J, Stowe AM. Physiologic Reelin does not play a strong role in protection against acute stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1295-303. [PMID: 27146512 PMCID: PMC4929708 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16646386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two diseases that disproportionately affect the aging population, share a subset of pathological findings and risk factors. The primary genetic risk factor after age for late-onset Alzheimer's disease, ApoE4, has also been shown to increase stroke risk and the incidence of post-stroke dementia. One mechanism by which ApoE4 contributes to disease is by inducing in neurons a resistance to Reelin, a neuromodulator that enhances synaptic function. Previous studies in Reelin knockout mice suggest a role for Reelin in protection against stroke; however, these studies were limited by the developmental requirement for Reelin in neuronal migration. To address the question of the effect of Reelin loss on stroke susceptibility in an architecturally normal brain, we utilized a novel mouse with induced genetic reduction of Reelin. We found that after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, mice with complete adult loss of Reelin exhibited a similar level of functional deficit and extent of infarct as control mice. Together, these results suggest that physiological Reelin does not play a strong role in protection against stroke pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Lane-Donovan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charisma Desai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Theresa Pohlkamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Erik J Plautz
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, Dallas, TX, USA Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroanatomy, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Cuchillo-Ibañez I, Balmaceda V, Mata-Balaguer T, Lopez-Font I, Sáez-Valero J. Reelin in Alzheimer’s Disease, Increased Levels but Impaired Signaling: When More is Less. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52:403-16. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-151193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Cuchillo-Ibañez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Valeria Balmaceda
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Trinidad Mata-Balaguer
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Font
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
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Lammert DB, Howell BW. RELN Mutations in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:84. [PMID: 27064498 PMCID: PMC4814460 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RELN encodes a large, secreted glycoprotein integral to proper neuronal positioning during development and regulation of synaptic function postnatally. Rare, homozygous, null mutations lead to lissencephaly with cerebellar hypoplasia (LCH), accompanied by developmental delay and epilepsy. Until recently, little was known about the frequency or consequences of heterozygous mutations. Several lines of evidence from multiple studies now implicate heterozygous mutations in RELN in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). RELN maps to the AUTS1 locus on 7q22, and at this time over 40 distinct mutations have been identified that would alter the protein sequence, four of which are de novo. The RELN mutations that are most clearly consequential are those that are predicted to inactivate the signaling function of the encoded protein and those that fall in a highly conserved RXR motif found at the core of the 16 Reelin subrepeats. Despite the growing evidence of RELN dysfunction in ASD, it appears that these mutations in isolation are insufficient and that secondary genetic or environmental factors are likely required for a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn B Lammert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical School Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Brian W Howell
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical School Syracuse, NY, USA
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Lussier AL, Weeber EJ, Rebeck GW. Reelin Proteolysis Affects Signaling Related to Normal Synapse Function and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:75. [PMID: 27065802 PMCID: PMC4809875 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reelin is a neurodevelopmental protein important in adult synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Recent evidence points to the importance for Reelin proteolysis in normal signaling and in cognitive function. Support for the dysfunction of Reelin proteolysis in neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction comes from postmortem analysis of Alzheimer’s diseases (AD) tissues including cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), showing that levels of Reelin fragments are altered in AD compared to control. Potential key proteases involved in Reelin proteolysis have recently been defined, identifying processes that could be altered in neurodegeneration. Introduction of full-length Reelin and its proteolytic fragments into several mouse models of neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric disorders quickly promote learning and memory. These findings support a role for Reelin in learning and memory and suggest further understanding of these processes are important to harness the potential of this pathway in treating cognitive symptoms in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Lussier
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Disease Institute, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edwin J Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Disease Institute, University of South Florida Tampa, FL, USA
| | - G William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
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Carceller H, Rovira-Esteban L, Nacher J, Castrén E, Guirado R. Neurochemical Phenotype of Reelin Immunoreactive Cells in the Piriform Cortex Layer II. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:65. [PMID: 27013976 PMCID: PMC4785191 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reelin, a glycoprotein expressed by Cajal-Retzius neurons throughout the marginal layer of developing neocortex, has been extensively shown to play an important role during brain development, guiding neuronal migration and detachment from radial glia. During the adult life, however, many studies have associated Reelin expression to enhanced neuronal plasticity. Although its mechanism of action in the adult brain remains mostly unknown, Reelin is expressed mainly by a subset of mature interneurons. Here, we confirm the described phenotype of this subpopulation in the adult neocortex. We show that these mature interneurons, although being in close proximity, lack polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) expression, a molecule expressed by a subpopulation of mature interneurons, related to brain development and involved in neuronal plasticity of the adult brain as well. However, in the layer II of Piriform cortex there is a high density of cells expressing Reelin whose neurochemical phenotype and connectivity has not been described before. Interestingly, in close proximity to these Reelin expressing cells there is a numerous subpopulation of immature neurons expressing PSA-NCAM and doublecortin (DCX) in this layer of the Piriform cortex. Here, we show that Reelin cells express the neuronal marker Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN), but however the majority of neurons lack markers of mature excitatory or inhibitory neurons. A detail analysis of its morphology indicates these that some of these cells might correspond to semilunar neurons. Interestingly, we found that the majority of these cells express T-box brain 1 (TBR-1) a transcription factor found not only in post-mitotic neurons that differentiate to glutamatergic excitatory neurons but also in Cajal-Retzius cells. We suggest that the function of these Reelin expressing cells might be similar to that of the Cajal-Retzius cells during development, having a role in the maintenance of the immature phenotype of the PSA-NCAM/DCX neurons through its receptors apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) in the Piriform cortex layer II during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Carceller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Rovira-Esteban
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Spanish National Network for Research in Mental Health, CIBERSAM, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico de Valencia, INCLIVA, Universitat de Valencia Valencia Valencia, Spain
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramon Guirado
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland
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Caruncho HJ, Brymer K, Romay-Tallón R, Mitchell MA, Rivera-Baltanás T, Botterill J, Olivares JM, Kalynchuk LE. Reelin-Related Disturbances in Depression: Implications for Translational Studies. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:48. [PMID: 26941609 PMCID: PMC4766281 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The finding that reelin expression is significantly decreased in mood and psychotic disorders, together with evidence that reelin can regulate key aspects of hippocampal plasticity in the adult brain, brought our research group and others to study the possible role of reelin in the pathogenesis of depression. This review describes recent progress on this topic using an animal model of depression that makes use of repeated corticosterone (CORT) injections. This methodology produces depression-like symptoms in both rats and mice that are reversed by antidepressant treatment. We have reported that CORT causes a decrease in the number of reelin-immunopositive cells in the dentate gyrus subgranular zone (SGZ), where adult hippocampal neurogenesis takes place; that down-regulation of the number of reelin-positive cells closely parallels the development of a depression-like phenotype during repeated CORT treatment; that reelin downregulation alters the co-expression of reelin with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); that deficits in reelin might also create imbalances in glutamatergic and GABAergic circuits within the hippocampus and other limbic structures; and that co-treatment with antidepressant drugs prevents both reelin deficits and the development of a depression-like phenotype. We also observed alterations in the pattern of membrane protein clustering in peripheral lymphocytes in animals with low levels of reelin. Importantly, we found parallel changes in membrane protein clustering in depression patients, which differentiated two subpopulations of naïve depression patients that showed a different therapeutic response to antidepressant treatment. Here, we review these findings and develop the hypothesis that restoring reelin-related function could represent a novel approach for antidepressant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector J Caruncho
- Neuroscience Cluster, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Kyle Brymer
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Milann A Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Department of Psychiatry, Alvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Vigo Galicia, Spain
| | - Justin Botterill
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jose M Olivares
- Department of Psychiatry, Alvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Vigo Galicia, Spain
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Pharmacological therapies for Angelman syndrome. Wien Med Wochenschr 2016; 167:205-218. [PMID: 26758979 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-015-0408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a loss of the maternally inherited UBE3A; the paternal UBE3A is silenced in neurons by a mechanism involving an antisense transcript (UBE3A-AS). We reviewed the published information on clinical trials that have been completed as well as the publicly available information on ongoing trials of therapies for AS. Attempts at hypermethylating the maternal locus through dietary compounds were ineffective. The results of a clinical trial using minocycline as a matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor were inconclusive; another clinical trial is underway. Findings from a clinical trial using L-dopa to alter phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II are awaited. Topoisomerase inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides are being developed to directly inhibit UBE3A-AS. Other strategies targeting specific pathways are briefly discussed. We also reviewed the medications that are currently used to treat seizures and sleep disturbances, which are two of the more debilitating manifestations of AS.
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