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Ortega LA, Aragon-Carvajal DM, Cortes-Corso KT, Forero-Castillo F. Early developmental risks for tobacco addiction: A probabilistic epigenesis framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105499. [PMID: 38056543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the relationships between early life psychobiological and environmental risk factors and the development of tobacco addiction. However, a comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity in tobacco addiction phenotypes requires integrating research findings. The probabilistic epigenesis meta-theory offers a valuable framework for this integration, considering systemic, multilevel, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. In this paper, we critically review relevant research on early developmental risks associated with tobacco addiction and highlight the integrative heuristic value of the probabilistic epigenesis framework for this research. For this, we propose a four-level systems approach as an initial step towards integration, analyzing complex interactions among different levels of influence. Additionally, we explore a coaction approach to examine key interactions between early risk factors. Moreover, we introduce developmental pathways to understand interindividual differences in tobacco addiction risk during development. This integrative approach holds promise for advancing our understanding of tobacco addiction etiology and informing potentially effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Ortega
- Facultad de Psicologia, Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Colombia.
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2
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Borrego‐Soto G, Perez‐Paramo YX, Hernández‐Cabrera F, Alvarado‐Monroy FM, Borrego G, Robles‐Zamora A, Lazarus P, Rojas‐Martinez A. Biochemical and genetic biomarkers associated with nicotine dependence in Mexican smokers. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01142. [PMID: 37787014 PMCID: PMC10546262 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains an important health concern and is still a leading cause of preventable mortality. Nicotine is the substance responsible for sustained tobacco use and dependence. Identification of biomarkers underlying nicotine dependence behavior is important to identify people at risk for this dependence. In the present study, we identified biochemical and genetic biomarkers of nicotine dependence detected by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTDN) in Mexican smokers. The nicotine metabolites nicotine-N'-oxide, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine-glucuronide (3HC-O-Gluc), and nicotine-N-Gluc (Gluc) were useful to differentiate nicotine-dependent from non-dependent subjects (p < .0001) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7818. Genetic variants in CYP2A6, FMO3, and UGT2B7 (rs2431413, rs28363545, and rs7439326, respectively) were associated with nicotine dependence (p = .03, p = .01, p = .01, respectively). Variations in the enzymatic activity of CYP2A6 were associated with altered nicotine-N'-oxide and 3HC-O-Gluc levels. Decreased urinary levels of 3HC-O-Gluc and increased nicotine-N'-oxide were associated with a decrease in the functional activity of CYP2A6. A strong positive correlation was observed between the ratio of urinary 3HC/cotinine, a measure of CYP2A6 activity, and the levels of 3HC-O-Gluc (p < .0001, r = .6835), while a strong negative correlation was observed with nicotine-N'-oxide (p < .0001, r = .6522) in nicotine-dependent subjects. No correlations were observed in non-nicotine-dependent subjects. These data suggest that particular urinary nicotine metabolites and genetic variants involved in nicotine metabolism are useful to identify subjects with nicotine dependence in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissela Borrego‐Soto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Natural SciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Yadira Xitlalli Perez‐Paramo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Francisco Hernández‐Cabrera
- Department of Bioinformatics and Complex Systems, Facultad de Ciencias Físico MatemáticasUniversidad Autonoma de Nuevo LeonSan Nicolás de los GarzaMexico
| | | | - Gilberto Borrego
- Department of Computer science and designInstituto Tecnologico de SonoraObregonMexico
| | | | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA
| | - Augusto Rojas‐Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research and Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la SaludMonterreyMexico
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Dueñas-Garcia O, Lindsey R, Elly M, Kelly L, Janine B, Amna U, Catherine H, Christa L. Perinatal outcomes in women referred to the West Virginia University Assist Connect and Encourage (ACE) - A program of the Drug Free Moms and Babies Project (DFMB) for women with substance use during pregnancy. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102312. [PMID: 37455760 PMCID: PMC10339237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to analyze perinatal outcomes of women with substance use disorder in pregnancy who participated in the West Virginia University Medicine Drug Free Moms and Babies Assist Connect and Encourage program (DFMB/ACE) compared to women who were not enrolled in the program. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in an l Academic Tertiary Care Center. Women who enrolled in DFMB/ACE services from 2018 to 2019 were termed as the intervention group. Their outcomes were compared to 734 women who delivered at the hospital between July 2015 and December 2019 with a positive urine drug screen on admission but were not enrolled in the DFMB/ACE program. Perinatal outcomes evaluated include low birth weight, preterm labor, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, preterm birth, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), cesarean delivery, cord toxicology result, hepatitis c prevalence, and breastfeeding at the time of discharge. Participants of the DFMB/ACE group had a lower risk of having a preterm birth (OR = 0.56 95% CI 0.36-0.86) compared to the control group. The DFMB/ACE group had higher birth weight compared to the non-DFMB group (2865.7 g. vs. 2657.9 g, p = 0.004). NICU admission, NAS, mode of delivery, cord toxicology, and breastfeeding rates were not statistically different between the two groups. Hepatitis C rates were significantly higher in the intervention vs. non-intervention group (OR = 2.74 95 %CI 1.80 - 4.16). We concluded that the DFMB/ACE program interventions for women with substance use in pregnancy improves some perinatal outcomes for mothers and their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marshall Elly
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
- West Virginia Perinatal Partnership, Charleston, WV, USA
| | | | - Breyel Janine
- West Virginia Perinatal Partnership, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Umer Amna
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
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Jones SK, Alberg AJ, Wallace K, Froeliger B, Carpenter MJ, Wolf B. Genetic Associations with Smoking Relapse and Proportion of Follow-up in Smoking Relapse throughout Adulthood in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:269-279. [PMID: 37070666 PMCID: PMC10159950 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PREVENTION RELEVANCE This study is the first to quantify genetic associations with smoking relapse among female smokers throughout adulthood. These findings could inform precision medicine approaches to improve long-term smoking relapse prevention to reduce smoking attributable cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony J. Alberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211
| | - Matthew J. Carpenter
- Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
| | - Bethany Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC 29425
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Zeid D, Gould TJ. Chronic nicotine exposure alters sperm small RNA content in C57BL/6J mouse model. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22367. [PMID: 36811365 PMCID: PMC9978956 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multigenerational inheritance is a nongenomic form of heritability characterized by altered phenotypes in the first generation born from the exposed parent. Multigenerational factors may account for inconsistencies and gaps in heritable nicotine addiction vulnerability. Our lab previously found that F1 offspring of male C57BL/6J mice chronically exposed to nicotine exhibited altered hippocampus functioning and related learning, nicotine-seeking, nicotine metabolism, and basal stress hormones. In an effort to identify germline mechanisms underlying these multigenerational phenotypes, the current study sequenced small RNA extracted from sperm of males chronically administered nicotine using our previously established exposure model. We identified 16 miRNAs whose expression in sperm was dysregulated by nicotine exposure. A literature review of previous research on these transcripts suggested an enrichment for regulation of psychological stress and learning. mRNAs predicted to be regulated by differentially expressed sperm small RNAs were further analyzed using exploratory enrichment analysis, which suggested potential modulation of pathways related to learning, estrogen signaling, and hepatic disease, among other findings. Overall, our findings point to links between nicotine-exposed F0 sperm miRNA and altered F1 phenotypes in this multigenerational inheritance model, particularly F1 memory, stress, and nicotine metabolism. These findings provide a valuable foundation for future functional validation of these hypotheses and characterization of mechanisms underlying male-line multigenerational inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Zeid
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park PA, USA
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Abstract
The current addiction crisis has destroyed a multitude of lives, leaving millions of fatalities worldwide in its wake. At the same time, various governmental agencies dedicated to solving this seemingly never-ending dilemma have not yet succeeded or delivered on their promises. We understand that addictive behavioral seeking is a multi-faceted neurobiological and spiritually complicated phenomenon. However, although the substitution replacement approach, especially to treat Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), has importance for harm reduction in the short term, it does not bring about a harm-free recovery or prevention. Instead, we propose a promising novel approach that uses genetic risk testing with induction of dopamine homeostasis and an objective Brain Health Check during youth. Our model involves a six-hit approach known as the "Reward Dysregulation Syndrome Solution System," which can identify addiction risk and target the root cause of addiction, dopamine dysregulation. While we applaud all past sophisticated neurogenetic and neuropharmacological research, our opinion is that in the long term, addiction scientists and clinicians might characterize preaddiction using tests; for example, administering the validated RDSQuestionarre29, genetic risk assessment, a modified brain health check, or diagnostic framing of mild to moderate Substance Use Disorder (SUD). The preaddiction concept could incentivize the development of interventions to prevent addiction from developing in the first place and target and treat neurotransmitter imbalances and other early indications of addiction. WC 222.
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Association between smoking and environmental tobacco smoke with lung cancer risk: a case–control study in the Fujian Chinese population. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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8
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The Comprehensive Effect of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Smoking Behavior: an Observational and Genome-Wide by Environment Interaction Analyses in UK Biobank. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Suchanecka A, Chmielowiec J, Chmielowiec K, Trybek G, Jaroń A, Czarny W, Król P, Masiak J, Grzywacz A. Serotonin Receptor HTR3A Gene Polymorphisms rs1985242 and rs1062613, E-Cigarette Use and Personality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084746. [PMID: 35457612 PMCID: PMC9029000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We nowadays record growing numbers of e-cigarette users. The development of nicotine dependence is a result of many factors, including genetics and personality. In this study we analyzed two polymorphisms—rs1985242 and rs1062613—in the serotonin receptor HTR3A gene in a group of e-cigarette users (n = 135) and controls (n = 106). Personality traits were measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The comparison of e-cigarette users with the control group indicates that the former showed significantly higher scores on the neuroticism scale and lower scores on the scales of extraversion and conscientiousness of the NEO-FFI. Homozygote variants of rs1985242 were more frequent in the study group. The results of the 2 × 3 factorial ANOVA for e-cigarette users and the control group as well as interaction between the HTR3A rs1985242 variants were found for the NEO-FFI conscientiousness scale. These results allow us to conclude that the combination of psychological factors and genetic data creates a possibility for making more complete models of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Suchanecka
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland; (J.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Krzysztof Chmielowiec
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28 St., 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland; (J.C.); (K.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Trybek
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstanców Wlkp. St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (A.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Jaroń
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstanców Wlkp. St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (G.T.); (A.J.)
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszów, Towarnickiego 3 St., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Paweł Król
- College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Physical Culture Studies, University of Rzeszow, St. Towarnickiego 3, 35-955 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- Neurophysiological Independent Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Grzywacz
- Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 11 Chlapowskiego St., 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Popescu A, Marian M, Drăgoi AM, Costea RV. Understanding the genetics and neurobiological pathways behind addiction (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:544. [PMID: 33815617 PMCID: PMC8014976 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis issued by modern medicine states that many diseases known to humans are genetically determined, influenced or not by environmental factors, which is applicable to most psychiatric disorders as well. This article focuses on two pending questions regarding addiction: Why do some individuals become addicted while others do not? along with Is it a learned behavior or is it genetically predefined? Recent data suggest that addiction is more than repeated exposure, it is the synchronicity between intrinsic factors (genotype, sex, age, preexisting addictive disorder, or other mental illness), extrinsic factors (childhood, level of education, socioeconomic status, social support, entourage, drug availability) and the nature of the addictive agent (pharmacokinetics, path of administration, psychoactive properties). The dopamine-mesolimbic motivation-reward-reinforcement cycle remains the most coherent physiological theory in addiction. While the common property of addictive substances is that they are dopamine-agonists, each class has individual mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and psychoactive potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Popescu
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Marian
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Miruna Drăgoi
- Department of Psychiatry, 'Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia' Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu-Virgil Costea
- Department of General Surgery, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Lopez-Leon S, González-Giraldo Y, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Forero DA. Molecular genetics of substance use disorders: An umbrella review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:358-369. [PMID: 33556390 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUD) are a category of psychiatric disorders with a large epidemiological and societal impact around the world. In the last decades, a large number of genetic studies have been published for SUDs. METHODS With the objective of having an overview and summarizing the evidence published up to date, we carried out an umbrella review of all the meta-analyses of genetic studies for the following substances: alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, heroin and methamphetamines. Meta-analyses for candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were included. RESULTS Alcohol and tobacco were the substances with the largest number of meta-analyses, and cannabis, opioids and cocaine the least studied. The following genes were associated with two or more SUDs: OPRM1, DRD2, DRD4, BDNF and SL6A4. The only genes that had an OR higher than two were the SLC6A4 for all addictions, the ADH1B for alcohol dependence, and BDNF for methamphetamine dependence. GWAS confirmed the possible role of CHRNA5 gene in nicotine dependence and identified novel candidate genes in other SUDs, such as FOXP2, PEX and, AUTS2, which need further functional analyses. CONCLUSIONS This umbrella review summarizes the evidence of 16 years of research on the genetics of SUDs and provides a broad and detailed overview of results from more than 150 meta-analyses for SUD. The results of this umbrella review will guide the need for future genetic studies geared toward understanding, preventing and treating SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lopez-Leon
- Drug Development, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover NJ, USA.
| | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Basic Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego A Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia; MSc Program in Epidemiology, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia
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12
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Ward E, Dawkins L, Holland R, Notley C. Responsibility, normalisation and negotiations of harm: E-cigarette users' opinions and experiences of vaping around children. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 88:103016. [PMID: 33161295 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern about youth uptake of vaping is widespread. Regulation and education campaigns aim to protect children from initiating use, yet it is likely that children will be primarily influenced by the behaviour of people in their immediate environment. This is the first known study exploring e-cigarette users' views and reported experiences of vaping around children. METHODS Following informed consent, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 adults who had attempted to give up smoking by vaping. Participants were recruited from England as part of a wider study into e-cigarette use trajectories and smoking relapse (ECtra study). Data were extracted from 28 interviews where participants had spontaneously discussed vaping around children. Extracted data were analysed thematically and situated in previous analysis of vaping identity which distinguished between recreational and medicinal vapers. RESULTS Vaping behaviour around children was in part a habituated replication of smoking norms but also guided by broad vaping identity; recreational users were more permissive and medicinal users more secretive. Vaping in the home appeared to be determined by caregivers' need to reconcile vaping behaviour so that it was congruent with parental identity as a responsible caregiver. Participant perspectives reflected existing moral discourses applied to e-cigarettes around the use of "harm reduction for smokers" and "potential for youth harm". CONCLUSION Vaping is likely to be role modelled within the community and home despite attempts by e-cigarette users to conceal the behaviour. The ambivalent contextualisation of e-cigarettes means that e-cigarette users may lack a clear narrative to draw on when discussing vaping with children. Public health guidance for vaping around children could be helpful, but to be most effective, should take into consideration users' vaping identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ward
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Lynne Dawkins
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Holland
- Centre for Medicine, George Davis Centre, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7HA, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Notley
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Icick R, Forget B, Cloëz-Tayarani I, Pons S, Maskos U, Besson M. Genetic susceptibility to nicotine addiction: Advances and shortcomings in our understanding of the CHRNA5/A3/B4 gene cluster contribution. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108234. [PMID: 32738310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, robust human genetic findings have been instrumental in elucidating the heritable basis of nicotine addiction (NA). They highlight coding and synonymous polymorphisms in a cluster on chromosome 15, encompassing the CHRNA5, CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 genes, coding for three subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). They have inspired an important number of preclinical studies, and will hopefully lead to the definition of novel drug targets for treating NA. Here, we review these candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their direct implication in human brain function and NA-related phenotypes. We continue with a description of preclinical work in transgenic rodents that has led to a mechanistic understanding of several of the genetic hits. We also highlight important issues with regards to CHRNA3 and CHRNB4 where we are still lacking a dissection of their role in NA, including even in preclinical models. We further emphasize the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived models for the analysis of synonymous and intronic variants on a human genomic background. Finally, we indicate potential avenues to further our understanding of the role of this human genetic variation. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Icick
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand Widal, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75010, France; INSERM UMR-S1144, Paris, F-75006, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Benoît Forget
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Isabelle Cloëz-Tayarani
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Stéphanie Pons
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Uwe Maskos
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France
| | - Morgane Besson
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, CNRS UMR3571, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; FHU "NOR-SUD", Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75001, France.
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Emery MA, Akil H. Endogenous Opioids at the Intersection of Opioid Addiction, Pain, and Depression: The Search for a Precision Medicine Approach. Annu Rev Neurosci 2020; 43:355-374. [PMID: 32109184 PMCID: PMC7646290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110719-095912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Opioid addiction and overdose are at record levels in the United States. This is driven, in part, by their widespread prescription for the treatment of pain, which also increased opportunity for diversion by sensation-seeking users. Despite considerable research on the neurobiology of addiction, treatment options for opioid abuse remain limited. Mood disorders, particularly depression, are often comorbid with both pain disorders and opioid abuse. The endogenous opioid system, a complex neuromodulatory system, sits at the neurobiological convergence point of these three comorbid disease states. We review evidence for dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system as a mechanism for the development of opioid addiction and/or mood disorder. Specifically, individual differences in opioid system function may underlie differences in vulnerability to opioid addiction and mood disorders. We also review novel research, which promises to provide more detailed understanding of individual differences in endogenous opioid neurobiology and its contribution to opioid addiction susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Emery
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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15
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Goldstein RZ, Barrot M, Everitt BJ, Foxe JJ. Addiction in focus: molecular mechanisms, model systems, circuit maps, risk prediction and the quest for effective interventions. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 50:2007-2013. [PMID: 31502353 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Z Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Barrot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John J Foxe
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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16
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Legaz I, Pérez-Cárceles MD, de la Calle I, Arjona F, Roca M, Cejudo P, Luna A, Osuna E. Genetic susceptibility to nicotine and/or alcohol addiction: a systematic review. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1619085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Legaz
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - M. D. Pérez-Cárceles
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Miriam Roca
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Cejudo
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Luna
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Osuna
- University of Murcia - Espinardo Campus, Murcia, Spain
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17
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Houston-Ludlam AN, Bucholz KK, Grant JD, Waldron M, Madden PAF, Heath AC. The interaction of sociodemographic risk factors and measures of nicotine dependence in predicting maternal smoking during pregnancy. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 198:168-175. [PMID: 30939374 PMCID: PMC6467711 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding differences in nicotine dependence assessments' ability to predict smoking cessation is complicated by variation in quit attempt contexts. Pregnancy reduces this variation, as each pregnant smoker receives the same strong cessation incentive. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy (SDP) provides a powerful paradigm for analyzing the interplay between nicotine dependence measures and sociodemographics in predicting cessation failure. METHODS Data from a female twin cohort (median birth year 1980), assessed in teens and early twenties, were merged with birth records to identify those with smoking history who experienced childbirth (N = 1657 births, N = 763 mothers). Logistic regression predicting SDP, as a function of birth record sociodemographic variables, generated a sociodemographic risk-score. Further analysis incorporated the risk-score with data from research interviews on DSM-IV-Nicotine Dependence symptom count, Heaviness of Smoking Index. RESULTS Low maternal educational level, younger age at childbirth, and being unmarried all contributed risk for SDP. In addition to sociodemographic risk-score, the best predictors of SDP included HSI-score (OR:1.51), their two-way interaction (OR:0.39; reduced impact of dependence at intermediate-high sociodemographic risk), history of ≥ two failed quit attempts (OR:1.38), and a dummy variable for prior pregnancy at time of assessment (OR:1.82). DSM-IV-Nicotine Dependence symptoms underperformed the Heaviness of Smoking Index and did not improve prediction when added to the best model. CONCLUSIONS The 2-item Heaviness of Smoking Index measure and report of ≥ two failed quit attempts performed best for predicting SDP. The contribution of either nicotine dependence measure to SDP risk was diminished at increased levels of sociodemographic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Houston-Ludlam
- Human and Statistical Genetics, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8226, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Julia D Grant
- Department of Psychology, Maryville University of St. Louis, 650 Maryville University Drive, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA.
| | - Mary Waldron
- School of Education, Indiana University Bloomington, 201 N. Rose Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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