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Li X, Liu T, Mo X, Wang R, Kong X, Shao R, McIntyre RS, So KF, Lin K. Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on cytokines in adolescents with subthreshold depression: a randomized controlled study. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2036-2040. [PMID: 38227533 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00036/figure1/v/2024-01-16T170235Z/r/image-tiff Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses. Moreover, anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), derived from Goji berries, exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial, we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression. It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines. In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group. In the LBP group, adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP. A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents, comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group (15.36 ± 2.06 years, 3 men and 11 women) and 10 adolescents from the placebo group (14.9 ± 1.6 years, 2 men and 8 women). Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment, the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group. Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors, which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level, thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xuan Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Runhua Wang
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueyan Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Robin Shao
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorders, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Pan T, Gallo ME, Donald KA, Webb K, Bath KG. Elevated risk for psychiatric outcomes in pediatric patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C): A review of neuroinflammatory and psychosocial stressors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100760. [PMID: 38586284 PMCID: PMC10992702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a secondary immune manifestation of COVID-19 involving multiple organ systems in the body, resulting in fever, skin rash, abdominal pain, nausea, shock, and cardiac dysfunction that often lead to hospitalization. Although many of these symptoms resolve following anti-inflammatory treatment, the long-term neurological and psychiatric sequelae of MIS-C are unknown. In this review, we will summarize two domains of the MIS-C disease course, 1) Neuroinflammation in the MIS-C brain and 2) Psychosocial disruptions resulting from stress and hospitalization. In both domains, we present existing clinical findings and hypothesize potential connections to psychiatric outcomes. This is the first review to conceptualize a holistic framework of psychiatric risk in MIS-C patients that includes neuroinflammatory and psychosocial risk factors. As cases of severe COVID-19 and MIS-C subside, it is important for clinicians to monitor outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Pan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Meghan E. Gallo
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kirsten A. Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Webb
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- Crick African Network, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin G. Bath
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Zhong X, Chen X, Liu Y, Gui S, Pu J, Wang D, Tao W, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen W, Chen X, Qiao R, Tao X, Li Z, Xie P. Integrated analysis of transcriptional changes in major depressive disorder: Insights from blood and anterior cingulate cortex. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28960. [PMID: 38628773 PMCID: PMC11019182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) was involved in widely transcriptional changes in central and peripheral tissues. While, previous studies focused on single tissues, making it difficult to represent systemic molecular changes throughout the body. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore the central and peripheral biomarkers with intrinsic correlation. Methods We systematically retrieved gene expression profiles of blood and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). 3 blood datatsets (84 MDD and 88 controls) and 6 ACC datasets (100 MDD and 100 controls) were obtained. Differential expression analysis, RobustRankAggreg (RRA) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, immune associated analysis and protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were integrated. Furthermore, the key genes were validated in an independent ACC dataset (12 MDD and 15 controls) and a cohort with 120 MDD and 117 controls. Results Differential expression analysis identified 2211 and 2021 differential expressed genes (DEGs) in blood and ACC, respectively. RRA identified 45 and 25 robust DEGs in blood and ACC based on DEGs, and all of them were closely associated with immune cells. Functional enrichment results showed both the robust DEGs in blood and ACC were enriched in humoral immune response. Furthermore, PPI identified 8 hub DEGs (CD79A, CD79B, CD19, MS4A1, PLP1, CLDN11, MOG, MAG) in blood and ACC. Independent ACC dataset showed the area under the curve (AUC) based on these hub DEGs was 0.77. Meanwhile, these hub DEGs were validated in the serum of MDD patients, and also showed a promising diagnostic power. Conclusions The biomarker panel based on hub DEGs yield a promising diagnostic efficacy, and all of these hub DEGs were strongly correlated with immunity. Humoral immune response may be the key link between the brain and blood in MDD, and our results may provide further understanding for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Zhong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Siwen Gui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Juncai Pu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Wei Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yue Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Renjie Qiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangkun Tao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhuocan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- The Jin Feng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Knudsen JK, Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Leutscher P, Hjerrild S, Nielsen RE, Sørensen S. Differences in bacterial taxa between treatment-naive patients with major depressive disorder and non-affected controls may be related to a proinflammatory profile. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38297265 PMCID: PMC10832199 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been hypothesized to be involved in MDD through gut-brain axis signaling. Moreover, antidepressants display antibacterial properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory profile of young patients with MDD before and after initiation of antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy in comparison with a non-depressed control group (nonMDD). METHODS Fecal and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up after four and twelve weeks, respectively. Patients started treatment immediately after collection of the baseline samples. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the hypervariable V4 region. Plasma levels of 49 unique immune markers were assessed using Mesoscale. RESULTS In total, 27 MDD patients and 32 nonMDD controls were included in the study. The gut microbiota in the baseline samples of MDD versus nonMDD participants did not differ regarding α- or β-diversity. However, there was a higher relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcus gnavus group, and a lower relative abundance of the genera Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, Megamonas, Olsenella, Gordonibacter, Allisonella and Rothia in the MDD group compared to the nonMDD group. In the MDD group, there was an increase in the genera Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Gordinobacteer and Lactobacillus, while genera belonging to the Firmicutes phylum were found depleted at twelve weeks follow-up compared to baseline. In the MDD group, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17b levels were elevated compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Furthermore, MDI score in the MDD group was found to correlate with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at baseline, and several inflammatory markers at both baseline and after initiation of antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSION Several bacterial taxa differed between the MDD group and the nonMDD group at baseline and changed in relative abundance during antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy. The MDD group was furthermore found to have a pro-inflammatory profile compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Further studies are required to investigate the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory profile of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Knudsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Caspar Bundgaard-Nielsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Hjerrild
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, Hjørring, 9800, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark.
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5
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Sarmin N, Roknuzzaman ASM, Mouree TZ, Islam MR, Al Mahmud Z. Evaluation of serum interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1652. [PMID: 38238514 PMCID: PMC10796357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, scientists have focused on pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunological dysregulation in major depressive disorder (MDD). Some research suggests pro-inflammatory cytokines' role in MDD development, whereas anti-inflammatory studies are sparse. There is no systematic investigation of Bangladeshi MDD patients' pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This study examines the blood levels of IL-12 and IL-4 in Bangladeshi patients and healthy controls (HCs) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these cytokines to identify MDD patients from those without MDD. A total of 110 people with MDD from the department of psychiatry of a teaching hospital in Dhaka and 107 HCs from Dhaka participated in this case-control study. Depression and illness severity were gauged using DSM-5 criteria and Ham-D scores. Commercially marketed ELISA kits were used in accordance with manufacturer guidelines to measure the levels of IL-12 and IL-4 in peripheral blood, allowing a comparison of the patient and control groups. In comparison to HCs, MDD patients (5333.00 ± 307.40 pg/ml) showed noticeably higher levels of IL-12 than in HCs (2331.00 ± 207.40 pg/ml). The increased levels were positively correlated with Ham-D scores (male: r = 0.351, p < 0.050; female: r = 0.389, p < 0.050), suggesting a possible relationship to disease progression. Additionally, compared to HCs (272.81 ± 23.94 pg/ml), MDD patients had significantly higher peripheral blood levels of IL-4 (876.35 ± 66.73 pg/ml) (p < 0.001). Also, there was a positive correlation between IL-4 serum levels and Ham-D scores (male: r = 0.361, p < 0.050; female: r = 0.398, p < 0.050). Therefore, we observed increased levels of these serum cytokines and their association with the severity of depression. The results of this study demonstrate the possibility of IL-12 and IL-4 blood levels as distinct markers capable of differentiating between MDD patients and HCs, possibly acting as markers of MDD susceptibility. To ascertain the diagnostic effectiveness of these two cytokines, more research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisat Sarmin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Roknuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tashfiya Zaman Mouree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, KHA 224, Progati Sarani, Merul Badda, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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Liu Y, Ouyang Y, You W, Liu W, Cheng Y, Mai X, Shen Z. Physiological roles of human interleukin-17 family. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14964. [PMID: 37905720 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 s (IL-17s) are well-known proinflammatory cytokines, and their antagonists perform excellently in the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. However, their physiological functions have not been given sufficient attention by clinicians. IL-17s can protect the host from extracellular pathogens, maintain epithelial integrity, regulate cognitive processes and modulate adipocyte activity through distinct mechanisms. Here, we present a systematic review concerning the physiological functions of IL-17s. Our goal is not to negate the therapeutic effect of IL-17 antagonists, but to ensure their safe use and reasonably explain the possible adverse events that may occur in their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Ouyang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanchun You
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinming Mai
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Khantakova JN, Mutovina A, Ayriyants KA, Bondar NP. Th17 Cells, Glucocorticoid Resistance, and Depression. Cells 2023; 12:2749. [PMID: 38067176 PMCID: PMC10706111 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a severe mental disorder that disrupts mood and social behavior and is one of the most common neuropsychological symptoms of other somatic diseases. During the study of the disease, a number of theories were put forward (monoamine, inflammatory, vascular theories, etc.), but none of those theories fully explain the pathogenesis of the disease. Steroid resistance is a characteristic feature of depression and can affect not only brain cells but also immune cells. T-helper cells 17 type (Th17) are known for their resistance to the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids. Unlike the inhibitory effect on other subpopulations of T-helper cells, glucocorticoids can enhance the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes, their migration to the inflammation, and the production of IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-23 in GC-resistant disease. According to the latest data, in depression, especially the treatment-resistant type, the number of Th17 cells in the blood and the production of IL-17A is increased, which correlates with the severity of the disease. However, there is still a significant gap in knowledge regarding the exact mechanisms by which Th17 cells can influence neuroinflammation in depression. In this review, we discuss the mutual effect of glucocorticoid resistance and Th17 lymphocytes on the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (K.A.A.); (N.P.B.)
| | - Anastasia Mutovina
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Kseniya A. Ayriyants
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (K.A.A.); (N.P.B.)
| | - Natalia P. Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (K.A.A.); (N.P.B.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
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Akter S, Emon FA, Nahar Z, Shalahuddin Qusar M, Islam SMA, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Altered IL-3 and lipocalin-2 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:830. [PMID: 37957650 PMCID: PMC10644478 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common mental ailment and is the primary reason for disability. It manifests a severe impact on moods, thoughts, and physical health. At present, this disorder has become a concern in the field of public health. Alteration of neurochemicals is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of many psychiatric disorders. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum IL-3 and lipocalin-2 in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHOD We included a total of 376 participants in this study. Among them, 196 were MDD patients, and 180 were age-sex-matched HCs. MDD patients were recruited from the Psychiatry Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), but the controls were from different parts of Dhaka. All study participants were evaluated by a psychiatrist using the DSM-5 criteria. To assess the severity of the depression, we used the Hamilton depression (Ham-D) rating scale. Serum IL-3 and lipocalin-2 levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay kits (ELISA kits). RESULTS According to this study, we observed elevated serum levels of IL-3 (1,024.73 ± 29.84 pg/mL) and reduced levels of serum lipocalin-2 (29.019 ± 2.073 ng/mL) in MDD patients compared to HCs (911.11 ± 20.55 pg/mL and 48.065 ± 3.583 ng/mL, respectively). No associations between serum levels of IL-3 and lipocalin-2 and depression severity were observed in patients. CONCLUSIONS According to the present findings, alterations of serum IL-3 and lipocalin might be associated with the pathogenesis of MDD. These results support that altered serum neurochemicals can serve as early risk assessment markers for depression. Further interventional studies are recommended for a better understanding of the role of IL-3 and lipocalin-2 in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmin Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Abdullah Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mma Shalahuddin Qusar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahabagh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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9
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Maldonado-García JL, Pérez-Sánchez G, Becerril-Villanueva E, Alvarez-Herrera S, Pavón L, Sánchez-Torres L, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, Girón-Pérez MI, Damian-Morales G, Maldonado-Tapia JO, López-Santiago R, Moreno-Lafont MC. Imipramine Administration in Brucella abortus 2308-Infected Mice Restores Hippocampal Serotonin Levels, Muscle Strength, and Mood, and Decreases Spleen CFU Count. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1525. [PMID: 38004391 PMCID: PMC10674296 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis infection causes non-specific symptoms such as fever, chills, sweating, headaches, myalgia, arthralgia, anorexia, fatigue, and mood disorders. In mouse models, it has been associated with increased levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, a decrease in serotonin and dopamine levels within the hippocampus, induced loss of muscle strength and equilibrium, and increased anxiety and hopelessness. Imipramine (ImiP), a tricyclic antidepressant, is used to alleviate neuropathic pain. This study evaluated the effects of ImiP on Balb/c mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 (Ba) at 14- and 28-days post-infection. Serum levels of six cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, MCP-1. and IL-10) were assessed by FACS, while the number of bacteria in the spleen was measured via CFU. Serotonin levels in the hippocampus were analyzed via HPLC, and behavioral tests were conducted to assess strength, equilibrium, and mood. Our results showed that mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 and treated with ImiP for six days (Im6Ba14) had significantly different outcomes compared to infected mice (Ba14) at day 14 post-infection. The mood was enhanced in the forced swimming test (FST) (p < 0.01), tail suspension test (TST) (p < 0.0001), and open-field test (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was an increase in serotonin levels in the hippocampus (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an improvement in equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.01). Lastly, there was a decrease in IL-6 levels (p < 0.05) and CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). At 28 days, infected mice that received ImiP for 20 days (Im20Ba28) showed preservation of positive effects compared to infected mice (Ba28). These effects include the following: (1) improved FST (p < 0.0001) and TST (p < 0.0001); (2) better equilibrium (p < 0.0001) and muscle strength (p < 0.0001); (3) decreased IL-6 levels (p < 0.05); and (4) reduced CFU count in the spleen (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest the potential for ImiP to be used as an adjuvant treatment for the symptoms of brucellosis, which requires future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Maldonado-García
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Enrique Becerril-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Luvia Sánchez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de los Microorganismos, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Coordinación de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Damian-Morales
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Jesús Octavio Maldonado-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Rubén López-Santiago
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Martha C Moreno-Lafont
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
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10
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Liu C, Yan L, Qian Y, Song P, Wang T, Wei M. The Extract of Acanthopanacis Cortex Relieves the Depression-Like Behavior and Modulates IL-17 Signaling in Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Mice. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258221148817. [PMID: 36865497 PMCID: PMC9972068 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221148817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC) is a valuable Chinese medicine, which exerts beneficial effects on anti-fatigue, anti-stress, and inflammatory modulation in the periphery. However, the central nervous system (CNS) function of AC has not been clearly illustrated. As communication between the peripheral immune system and the CNS converges, it promotes a heightened neuroinflammatory environment that contributes to depression. We investigated the effect of AC against depression through neuroinflammatory modulation. Methods Network pharmacology was used to screen for target compounds and pathways. Mice with CMS-induced depression were used to evaluate the efficacy of AC against depression. Behavioral studies and detection of neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were performed. The IL-17 signaling cascade was involved to further investigate the underlying mechanism of AC against depression. Results Twenty-five components were screened by network pharmacology and the IL-17 mediated signaling pathway was associated with the antidepressant action of AC. This herb had a beneficial effect on CMS-induced depressive mice, including improvements in depressive behavior, modulation of neurotransmitter levels, neurotrophic factors, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our results revealed that AC exhibits effects on anti-depression and one of the mechanisms was mediated by neuroinflammatory modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the
Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the
Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the
Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingping Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the
Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- New drug screening center/Jiangsu
Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wei
- Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the
Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Nanjing, China,Min Wei, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, No.138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210028, China.
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11
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Wang C, Zhou Y, Feinstein A. Neuro-immune crosstalk in depressive symptoms of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:106005. [PMID: 36680805 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders can occur in up to 50% of people with multiple sclerosis in their lifetime. If left untreated, comorbid major depressive disorders may not spontaneously remit and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Conversely, epidemiological evidence supports increased psychiatric visit as a significant prodromal event prior to diagnosis of MS. Are there common molecular pathways that contribute to the co-development of MS and psychiatric illnesses? We discuss immune cells that are dysregulated in MS and how such dysregulation can induce or protect against depressive symptoms. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review of all molecular pathways but rather a framework to guide future investigations of immune responses in depressed versus euthymic people with MS. Currently, there is weak evidence supporting the use of antidepressant medication in comorbid MS patients. It is our hope that by better understanding the neuroimmune crosstalk in the context of depression in MS, we can enhance the potential for future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony Feinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Inflammation and Treatment-Resistant Depression from Clinical to Animal Study: A Possible Link? Neurol Int 2023; 15:100-120. [PMID: 36648973 PMCID: PMC9844360 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and inflammation in humans and experimental models. For the human study, a retrospective cohort study was conducted with 206 participants; half were on antidepressants for major depressive disorder. The patients were divided into healthy and depressed groups. Inflammation was assessed based on the values of the main inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, WBC and ESR). For the animal experiments, 35 adult male Wistar rats were assigned to stressed and non-stressed groups. Inflammation and stress were induced using lipopolysaccharide and chronic unpredictable mild stress. A 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine (FLX), a known antidepressant, was simultaneously administered daily for 4 weeks. Behavioral tests were performed. The plasma levels of inflammatory and stress biomarkers were measured and were significantly higher in the stressed and non-responsive groups in both studies. This study provides evidence of the link between inflammation and TRD. We further observed a possible link via the Phosphorylated Janus Kinase 2 and Phosphorylated Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (P-JAK2/P-STAT3) signaling pathway and found that chronic stress and high inflammation hinder the antidepressant effects of FLX. Thus, non-response to antidepressants could be mitigated by treating inflammation to improve the antidepressant effect in patients with TRD.
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13
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Selected Biomarkers of Depression: What Are the Effects of Cytokines and Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010578. [PMID: 36614020 PMCID: PMC9820159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading mental illnesses worldwide and lowers the quality of life of many. According to WHO, about 5% of the worldwide population suffers from depression. Newer studies report a staggering global prevalence of 27.6%, and it is rising. Professionally, depression belonging to affective disorders is a psychiatric illness, and the category of major depressive disorder (MDD) comprises various diagnoses related to persistent and disruptive mood disorders. Due to this fact, it is imperative to find a way to assess depression quantitatively using a specific biomarker or a panel of biomarkers that would be able to reflect the patients' state and the effects of therapy. Cytokines, hormones, oxidative stress markers, and neuropeptides are studied in association with depression. The latest research into inflammatory cytokines shows that their relationship with the etiology of depression is causative. There are stronger cytokine reactions to pathogens and stressors in depression. If combined with other predisposing factors, responses lead to prolonged inflammatory processes, prolonged dysregulation of various axes, stress, pain, mood changes, anxiety, and depression. This review focuses on the most recent data on cytokines as markers of depression concerning their roles in its pathogenesis, their possible use in diagnosis and management, their different levels in bodily fluids, and their similarities in animal studies. However, cytokines are not isolated from the pathophysiologic mechanisms of depression or other psychiatric disorders. Their effects are only a part of the whole pathway.
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14
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Nahar Z, Sal‐Sabil N, Sohan M, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Higher serum interleukin-12 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1005. [PMID: 36582626 PMCID: PMC9789678 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the fourth biggest health-related concern that dramatically impacts individuals' mental and physical health. Alteration of serum proinflammatory cytokine levels may take part in the development and progression of MDD. We aimed to explore and compare the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and its involvement with the disease severity. Methods The present study included 85 patients and 87 age-sex matched HCs. A qualified psychiatrist utilized the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose patients and evaluate HCs. We applied the Ham-D rating scale to measure the severity of depression. Serum IL-12 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Results We observed a notable increase in the serum levels of IL-12 in MDD patients compared to HCs (164.27 ± 10.18 pg/ml and 82.55 ± 4.40 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Moreover, we noticed a positive correlation between serum IL-12 levels and Ham-D scores in MDD patients (r = 0.363; p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a good predictive performance (AUC = 0.871; p < 0.001) at the cut-off point of 53.46 pg/ml for serum IL-12. Conclusion The current study findings support that IL-12 levels are involved with the pathogenesis and inflammatory process in MDD. At the same time, this involvement may make this cytokine eligible for the risk evaluation of MDD. However, we recommend further interventional studies to explore more accurate associations between IL-12 and depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Nisat Sal‐Sabil
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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15
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Khantakova JN, Bondar NP, Antontseva EV, Reshetnikov VV. Once induced, it lasts for a long time: the structural and molecular signatures associated with depressive-like behavior after neonatal immune activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1066794. [PMID: 36619667 PMCID: PMC9812963 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1066794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse factors such as stress or inflammation in the neonatal period can affect the development of certain brain structures and have negative delayed effects throughout the lifespan of an individual, by reducing cognitive abilities and increasing the risk of psychopathologies. One possible reason for these delayed effects is the neuroinflammation caused by neonatal immune activation (NIA). Neuroinflammation can lead to disturbances of neurotransmission and to reprogramming of astroglial and microglial brain cells; when combined, the two problems can cause changes in the cytoarchitecture of individual regions of the brain. In addition, neuroinflammation may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and processes of oxidative stress, thereby resulting in higher stress reactivity. In our review, we tried to answer the questions of whether depressive-like behavior develops after NIA in rodents and what the molecular mechanisms associated with these disorders are. Most studies indicate that NIA does not induce depressive-like behavior in a steady state. Nonetheless, adult males (but not females or adolescents of both sexes) with experience of NIA exhibit marked depressive-like behavior when exposed to aversive conditions. Analyses of molecular changes have shown that NIA leads to an increase in the amount of activated microglia and astroglia in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, an increase in oxidative-stress parameters, a change in stress reactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance of cytokines in various regions of the brain, but not in blood plasma, thus confirming the local nature of the inflammation. Therefore, NIA causes depressive-like behavior in adult males under aversive testing conditions, which are accompanied by local inflammation and have sex- and age-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Federal Government-Funded Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia,*Correspondence: Julia N. Khantakova
| | - Natalia P. Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Antontseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V. Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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16
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Madeshiya AK, Pillai A. Innate lymphoid cells in depression: Current status and perspectives. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2022; 7. [PMID: 37123464 PMCID: PMC10136288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has provided new insights into our understanding of the pathogenesis of many disease conditions with immune dysregulation. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) induce type I immunity and are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet; ILC2s stimulate type II immune responses and are defined by the expression of signature cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, and transcription factors ROR-α and GATA3; ILC3s requires the transcription factor RORγt and produce IL-22 and IL-17. ILCs are largely tissue-resident and are enriched at barrier surfaces of the mammalian body. Increasing evidence shows that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Although few studies have directly investigated the role of ILCs in depression, several studies have examined the levels of cytokines produced by ILCs in depressed subjects. This review summarizes the potential roles of ILCs in depression. A better understanding of the biology of ILCs may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the management of depression.
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17
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Ramanzini LG, Camargo LFM, Silveira JOF, Bochi GV. Inflammatory markers and depression in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6707-6717. [PMID: 36040559 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience non-motor symptoms (NMS), which may appear before motor manifestations. The most common NMS is depression, affecting about 30-40% of PD patients. Both PD and depression are associated with an increased inflammatory burden, with studies showing elevation of diverse inflammatory markers in patients with both conditions. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO databases to investigate what inflammatory markers are associated with PD depression (PDD). Only studies in English that measured inflammatory markers and analyzed against depression scores in PD patients were included. RESULTS A total of 1132 articles were retrieved, and 14 entries were found to be eligible. Twelve were cross-sectional studies, one was a cohort, and one was a non-randomized controlled trial. IL-17A was the only marker strongly associated with PDD, while studies assessing sIL-2R and serum amyloid A found a moderate correlation. C-reactive protein, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-6 yielded conflicting results. Their possible roles in PDD are discussed. PDD was also related to longer disease duration and other NMS, such as anxiety, fatigue, dementia, REM sleep behavior disorder, and autonomic dysfunction. CONCLUSION We suggest that these markers may be used for distinguishing isolated depression from that related to neurodegeneration, especially in individuals that concurrently present with other known prodromal symptoms of PD and other α-synucleinopathies. However, future prospective studies are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Guilherme Ramanzini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Building 21, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luís Fernando Muniz Camargo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Building 21, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Building 21, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ghosh R, Mitra P, Kumar PVSNK, Goyal T, Sharma P. T helper cells in depression: central role of Th17 cells. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:19-39. [PMID: 34592888 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1965535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in the world. While conventional pharmaceutical therapy targets monoaminergic pathway dysfunction, it has not been totally successful in terms of positive outcomes, remission, and preventing relapses. There is an increasing amount of evidence that neuroinflammation may play a significant part in the pathophysiology of depression. Among the key components of the neuroinflammatory pathways already known to be active are the T helper (Th) cells, especially Th17 cells. While various preclinical and clinical studies have reported increased levels of Th17 cells in both serum and brain tissue of laboratory model animals, contradictory results have argued against a pertinent role of Th17 cells in depression. Recent studies have also revealed a role for more pathogenic and inflammatory subsets of Th17 in depression, as well as IL-17A and Th17 cells in non-responsiveness to conventional antidepressant therapy. Despite recent advances, there is still a significant knowledge gap concerning the exact mechanism by which Th17 cells influence neuroinflammation in depression. This review first provides a short introduction to the major findings that led to the discovery of the role of Th cells in depression. The major subsets of Th cells known to be involved in neuroimmunology of depression, such as Th1, Th17, and T regulatory cells, are subsequently described, with an in-depth discussion on current knowledge about Th17 cells in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghumoy Ghosh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P V S N Kiran Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Taru Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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Barrot M, Yalcin I. Depression in focus: Insights from animal and human data, from molecular to behavioural analyses. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:5-8. [PMID: 33393165 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Barrot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University Laval, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Gałecka M, Bliźniewska-Kowalska K, Maes M, Su KP, Gałecki P. Update on the neurodevelopmental theory of depression: is there any 'unconscious code'? Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:346-356. [PMID: 33385173 PMCID: PMC7994228 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is currently one of the most common psychiatric disorders and the number of patients receiving antidepressant treatment is increasing every year. Therefore, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanisms that are associated with higher prevalence of depression. The main component leading to the change in functioning, in the form of apathy, anhedonia, lack of motivation and sleep disturbances, is stress. This is the factor that in recent decades—due to the civilization speed, dynamic technological development as well as competitiveness and competition in relationships—significantly affects the psychophysical condition, which results in an increase in the prevalence of civilization diseases, including depression. To understand the mechanism of susceptibility to this disease, one should consider the significant role of the interaction between immune and nervous systems. Their joint development from the moment of conception is a matrix of later predispositions, both associated with the mobilization of the proinflammatory pathways (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6) and associated with psychological coping with stress. Such an early development period is associated with epigenetic processes that are strongly marked in prenatal development up to 1 year of age and determinate the characteristic phenotype for various forms of pathology, including depression. Regarding the inflammatory hypothesis of depression, interleukin 17 (IL-17), among other proinflammatory cytokines, might play an important role in the development of depressive disorders. It is secreted by Th17 cells, crossed the placental barrier and acts on the brain structures of the fetus by increasing IL-17 receptor levels and affecting the intensity of its signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gałecka
- Department of Psychotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, 91-229, Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Is Interleukin 17 (IL-17) Expression A Common Point in the Pathogenesis of Depression and Obesity? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124018. [PMID: 33322667 PMCID: PMC7763002 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Activated immune-inflammatory pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression and pathological obesity. Obesity might promote production of cytokine interleukin 17, which plays a significant role in neuro-immune reactions. The study aimed at assessing the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and IL-17 expression, taking into account the clinical psychiatric variables in patients with depression. (2) Methods: A total of 125 participants took part in the study (95 depressed patients, 30 healthy controls). Data concerning the course of depressive disorders and BMI were collected. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess IL-17 gene expression at the mRNA levels, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess IL-17 expression at the protein level. (3) Results: Patients with more hospitalizations showed significantly higher IL-17 mRNA expression levels and higher BMI. However, no correlation between BMI and IL-17 expression was found in depressed patients. (4) Conclusions: Our study revealed that BMI does not affect IL-17 expression in patients with depression. However, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of IL-17 inhibition on adipose tissue and vice versa.
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