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Palmisano M, Ramunno CF, Farhat E, Dvir-Ginzberg M, Lutz B, de Almodovar CR, Bilkei-Gorzo A. Local cannabinoid receptor type-1 regulates glial cell activity and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111954. [PMID: 38821184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
As organisms age, the activity of the endocannabinoid system in the brain declines, coinciding with increased neuroinflammation and disrupted hypothalamic functions. Notably, cannabinoid receptors type-1 (CB1) are highly expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) within the mediobasal hypothalamus, a central area of neuroendocrine regulation. This study investigates whether the CB1 receptor influences age-related changes in a brain region-dependent manner. Therefore, we performed stereotaxic injections of rAAV1/2 expressing Cre recombinase in 2-month-old CB1flox/flox male animals to delete the CB1 gene and in CB1-deficient (CB1-STOP) mice to induce its re-expression. The intensity of pro-inflammatory glial activity, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression was assessed in the hypothalamus of mice at 18-19 months of age. Site-specific CB1 receptor deletion induced pro-inflammatory glial activity and increased hypothalamic Igf1r mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, GnRH levels remained unaltered. Importantly, rescuing the receptor in null mutant animals had the opposite effect: it reduced pro-inflammatory glial activation and decreased Igf1r mRNA expression without affecting GnRH production. Overall, the study highlights the important role of the CB1 receptor in the VMH in reducing age-related inflammation and modulating IGF-1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Palmisano
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Clinics of Bonn, Bonn 53125, Germany
| | - Carla Florencia Ramunno
- Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University Clinics of Bonn, Bonn 53125, Germany
| | - Eli Farhat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 12272, Israel
| | - Mona Dvir-Ginzberg
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 12272, Israel
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz 55122, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- Institute for Neurovascular Cell Biology, University Hospital Bonn, University Clinics of Bonn, Bonn 53125, Germany
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University Clinics of Bonn, Bonn 53125, Germany.
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Batacan R, Briskey D, Bajagai YS, Smith C, Stanley D, Rao A. Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide Compared to a Placebo on the Gut Microbiome and Biochemistry in an Overweight Adult Population: A Randomised, Placebo Controlled, Double-Blind Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1620. [PMID: 39062193 PMCID: PMC11274356 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on the gut microbiome of overweight adults. Fifty-eight participants (twenty males, thirty-eight females) aged 18-65 years with a BMI range of 30-40 kg/m2 were recruited. Participants were randomised to receive PEA (n = 36) or a placebo (n = 22) for 12 weeks. Microbiota composition, richness, diversity, and metabolic functions, faecal short chain fatty acids and calprotectin, pathology markers, and health-related questionnaires were analysed throughout the 12 weeks of supplementation. PEA supplementation significantly reduced triglyceride levels and IL-2 concentrations. No significant differences were found in the overall microbiota composition between the groups, and microbiota richness and diversity remained consistent for both groups. Functional analysis demonstrated no differences in functional richness and diversity, but specific pathways were modified. PEA supplementation resulted in a decrease in the abundance of pathways related to aromatic compound degradation, NAD interconversion, and L-glutamate degradation, while pathways associated with molybdopterin biosynthesis and O-antigen building blocks exhibited increased abundance. Increased production of O-antigen results in smooth LPS associated with reduced pathogenic stealth and persistence. PEA supplementation may influence specific microbial species, metabolic pathways, and reduce serum triglyceride and IL-2 concentration, shedding light on the intricate relationship between PEA, the microbiome, and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Batacan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia (Y.S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - David Briskey
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- RDC Clinical, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Yadav Sharma Bajagai
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia (Y.S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Chelsie Smith
- RDC Clinical, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Dana Stanley
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia (Y.S.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Amanda Rao
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
- RDC Clinical, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
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Filipiuc LE, Creangă-Murariu I, Tamba BI, Ababei DC, Rusu RN, Stanciu GD, Ștefanescu R, Ciorpac M, Szilagyi A, Gogu R, Filipiuc SI, Tudorancea IM, Solcan C, Alexa-Stratulat T, Cumpăt MC, Cojocaru DC, Bild V. JWH-182: a safe and effective synthetic cannabinoid for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain in preclinical models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16242. [PMID: 39004628 PMCID: PMC11247095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP), a condition with unmet treatment needs, affects over half of cancer patients treated with chemotherapeutics. Researchers have recently focused on the endocannabinoid system because of its critical role in regulating our bodies' most important functions, including pain. We used in vitro and in vivo methods to determine the toxicity profile of a synthetic cannabinoid, JWH-182, and whether it could be potentially effective for CINP alleviation. In vitro, we evaluated JWH-182 general toxicity, measuring fibroblast viability treated with various concentrations of compound, and its neuroprotection on dorsal root ganglion neurons treated with paclitaxel. In vivo, we performed an evaluation of acute and 28-day repeated dose toxicity in mice, with monitoring of health status and a complete histopathological examination. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of JWH-182 on a CINP model in mice using specific pain assessment tests. JWH-182 has an acceptable toxicity profile, in both, in vitro and in vivo studies and it was able to significantly reduce pain perception in a CINP model in mice. However, the translation of these results to the clinic needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana Creangă-Murariu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Dumitrița Stanciu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Ștefanescu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mitică Ciorpac
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Szilagyi
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Gogu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Silviu-Iulian Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ivona-Maria Tudorancea
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de La Brad" University of Life Sciences, 700490, Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Oncology Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
| | - Marinela-Carmen Cumpăt
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street No. 14, 700661, Iasi, Romania
| | - Doina-Clementina Cojocaru
- Department of Medical Specialties I and III, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street No. 14, 700661, Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Street No. 16, 700115, Iasi, Romania
- Center of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Iasi Branch, Iasi, Romania
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Chauveau F, Winkeler A, Chalon S, Boutin H, Becker G. PET imaging of neuroinflammation: any credible alternatives to TSPO yet? Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02656-9. [PMID: 38997465 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, the role of neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric conditions has attracted an exponentially growing interest. A key driver for this trend was the ability to image brain inflammation in vivo using PET radioligands targeting the Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO), which is known to be expressed in activated microglia and astrocytes upon inflammatory events as well as constitutively in endothelial cells. TSPO is a mitochondrial protein that is expressed mostly by microglial cells upon activation but is also expressed by astrocytes in some conditions and constitutively by endothelial cells. Therefore, our current understanding of neuroinflammation dynamics is hampered by the lack of alternative targets available for PET imaging. We performed a systematic search and review on radiotracers developed for neuroinflammation PET imaging apart from TSPO. The following targets of interest were identified through literature screening (including previous narrative reviews): P2Y12R, P2X7R, CSF1R, COX (microglial targets), MAO-B, I2BS (astrocytic targets), CB2R & S1PRs (not specific of a single cell type). We determined the level of development and provided a scoping review for each target. Strikingly, astrocytic biomarker MAO-B has progressed in clinical investigations the furthest, while few radiotracers (notably targeting S1P1Rs, CSF1R) are being implemented in clinical investigations. Other targets such as CB2R and P2X7R have proven disappointing in clinical studies (e.g. poor signal, lack of changes in disease conditions, etc.). While astrocytic targets are promising, development of new biomarkers and tracers specific for microglial activation has proven challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Chauveau
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, BIORAN, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, Cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Winkeler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du général Leclerc, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours - INSERM, Bâtiment Planiol, UFR de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, Cedex 01, France
| | - Hervé Boutin
- UMR 1253 iBrain, Université de Tours - INSERM, Bâtiment Planiol, UFR de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37032, Tours, Cedex 01, France.
| | - Guillaume Becker
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, BIORAN, Groupement Hospitalier Est - CERMEP, 59 boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, Cedex, France
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701, Maisons-Alfort, Cedex, France
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5
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Crichton M, Dissanayaka T, Marx W, Gamage E, Travica N, Bowers A, Isenring E, Yates P, Marshall S. Does medicinal cannabis affect depression, anxiety, and stress in people with cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Maturitas 2024; 184:107941. [PMID: 38430618 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medicinal cannabis might have a role in supporting the mental health of people with cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy and safety of medicinal cannabis, compared with any control, as an intervention for depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in people living with cancer. A secondary aim was to examine the effect of low versus high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) dose on these outcomes. METHODS Five databases were systematically searched, and complemented with a snowball search from inception to May 2023, for any type of interventional study that included humans of any age with any cancer type. Primary outcomes were incidence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Secondary outcomes were mood, cognition, quality of life, appetite, nutrition status, gastrointestinal symptoms, and adverse events. Data were pooled using Review Manager. Evidence was appraised using Cochrane risk of bias tools. Confidence in the estimated effect of pooled outcomes was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS Fifteen studies (n = 11 randomized trials, n = 4 non-randomized trials) of 18 interventions (N = 1898 total participants; 100 % ≥18 years of age) were included. Ten studies examined THC (70 % synthetic), two synthetic cannabidiol with or without THC, and six whole-plant extracts. No clinically significant effects of medicinal cannabis were found on primary outcomes. The likelihood of anxiety events increased with higher-dose synthetic THC compared with a lower dose (OR: 2.0; 95 % CI: 1.4, 2.9; p < 0.001; Confidence: very low). Medicinal cannabis (THC, cannabidiol, and whole-plant extract) increased the likelihood of improved appetite (OR: 12.3; 95 % CI: 3.5, 45.5; p < 0.001; n = 3 interventions; Confidence: moderate) and reduced severity of appetite loss (SMD: -0.4; 95 % CI: -0.8, -0.1; p = 0.009; Confidence: very low). There was very low confidence that higher doses of synthetic THC increased the likelihood of any adverse event (OR: 0.5; 95 % CI: 0.3, 0.7; p < 0.001). Medicinal cannabis had no effect on emotional functioning, mood changes, confusion, disorientation, quality of life, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Confidence in findings was limited by some studies having high or unclear risk of bias and imprecise pooled estimates. CONCLUSIONS There was insufficient evidence to determine the efficacy and safety of medicinal cannabis as a therapeutic intervention for depression, anxiety, or stress in people with active cancer. Further research should explore whether medicinal cannabis might improve and maintain appetite and if high-dose synthetic THC might increase the incidence of side-effects, including anxiety. To inform clinical practice, well-powered and rigorously designed trials are warranted that evaluate the effects of medicinal cannabis prescribed to target anxiety, depression, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Crichton
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thusharika Dissanayaka
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 27 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Gamage
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, 285 Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Alison Bowers
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Isenring
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia; Research Institute for Future Health, 1 Lake Orr Drive, Varsity Lakes, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Patsy Yates
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Skye Marshall
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia; Research Institute for Future Health, PO Box 5033 Q Super Centre, Mermaid Waters, Queensland 4218, Australia; Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Sera L, Hempel-Sanderoff C. Cannabis Science and Therapeutics: An Overview for Clinicians. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:499-513. [PMID: 38145388 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis-based therapeutics have garnered increasing attention in recent years as patients seek alternative treatments for various medical conditions. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the science behind the medical use of cannabis, focusing on the medical evidence for commonly treated conditions. In addition, the review addresses the practical considerations of using cannabis as a therapeutic agent, offering insights into dosing strategies, variations in cannabinoid formulation, and individual patient responses. Precautions, adverse consequences, and drug interactions are also discussed, with a focus on patient safety and the potential risks associated with cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Sera
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carrie Hempel-Sanderoff
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Xu Y, Li X, Xu P, Yan F, Wang D. Comparative pharmacokinetic and intracerebral distribution of MDMB-4F-BICA in mice following inhalation ('vapor') and subcutaneous injection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 241:115988. [PMID: 38301574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.115988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
MDMB-4F-BICA, also known as 4F-MDMB-BICA, is a new psychoactive substance that emerged in 2020. It is often illegally added to electronic cigarette oil for inhalation abuse, leading to serious adverse symptoms and even death. There are significant differences in pharmacokinetics between inhalation administration and conventional drug delivery methods. Inhalation administration can pass through the blood-brain barrier to enter the brain directly. However, the specific distribution of the drug in the brain following inhalation has not been well investigated. In order to scientifically compare the absorption and distribution of MDMB-4F-BICA after two administration methods (inhalation and subcutaneous injection), this study analyzed the drug concentration in mice blood and brain by LC-MS/MS after systemic exposure inhalation in the form of electronic cigarettes. The aim was to conduct the pharmacokinetics study of MDMB-4F-BICA after inhalation('vapor') administration. Pharmacokinetics and distribution of the compound revealed that the maximum concentrations in blood of this compound were reached at 0.5 min and 15 min, respectively, and the concentration in the brain reached the maximum at the same time after two modes of administration. The drug concentration in the brain was higher than that of subcutaneous injection, and the drug remained at a low concentration in the brain for a long period (20 ng/g brain tissue) with a significant distribution in several olfactory primary cortex brain regions. Taken together, the pharmacokinetics of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-4F-BICA after single systemic exposure inhalation were investigated for the first time in this study. A basis for subsequent evaluation research of inhalation-related harmfulness is provided by comparing the distribution of drugs in the brain after the two administration modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China; Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Beijing 100193, China.
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An D, Carrazoni GS, Souto das Neves BH, D’Hooge R, Peigneur S, Tytgat J. The Sobering Sting: Oleoyl Serotonin Is a Novel Stephanoconus Snail Venom-Derived Antagonist of Cannabinoid Receptors That Counteracts Learning and Memory Deficits. Biomedicines 2024; 12:454. [PMID: 38398056 PMCID: PMC10887214 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) are promising targets for a better understanding of neurological diseases. Nevertheless, only a few ligands of CB have reached clinical application so far. Venoms are considered as interesting sources of novel biologically active compounds. Here, we describe an endocannabinoid-like molecule, oleoyl serotonin (OS), present in the venom of Stephanoconus snails. Using electrophysiological assays, it was shown that OS inhibits CB1 and CB2. Structure-activity relationship studies using a chimeric CB1/2 revealed that the domain encompassing the transmembrane helix V (TMHV)- intracellular loop 3 (ICL3)-TMHVI of the CB2 is critical for the binding and function of OS. We concluded that OS binds to sites of the CB2 that are different from the binding sites of the non-selective CB agonist WIN55,212-2. Behavioral assays in mice showed that OS counteracted learning and memory deficits caused by WIN55,212-2. Furthermore, a selectivity screening of OS showed high selectivity for CB over various ion channels and receptors. Overall, OS may represent a new approach to the prevention and treatment of learning and memory cognition impairment in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchen An
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, ON2, Herestraat 49, Box-922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guilherme Salgado Carrazoni
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box-3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.S.C.); (B.-H.S.d.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Ben-Hur Souto das Neves
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box-3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.S.C.); (B.-H.S.d.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Rudi D’Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box-3714, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (G.S.C.); (B.-H.S.d.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, ON2, Herestraat 49, Box-922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, ON2, Herestraat 49, Box-922, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Hall RR, Cohall DH. The Relationship between Muscarinic and Cannabinoid Receptors in Neuronal Excitability and Epilepsy: A Review. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids 2024; 7:91-98. [PMID: 39015608 PMCID: PMC11250071 DOI: 10.1159/000538297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Of the seventy million people who suffer from epilepsy, 40 percent of them become resistant to more than one antiepileptic medication and have a higher chance of death. While the classical definition of epilepsy was due to the imbalance between excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic signalling, substantial evidence implicates muscarinic receptors in the regulation of neural excitability. Summary Cannabinoids have shown to reduce seizure activity and neuronal excitability in several epileptic models through the activation of muscarinic receptors with drugs which modulate their activity. Cannabinoids also have been effective in reducing antiepileptic activity in pharmaco-resistant individuals; however, the mechanism of its effects in temporal lobe epilepsy is not clear. Key Messages This review seeks to elucidate the relationship between muscarinic and cannabinoid receptors in epilepsy and neural excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Renaldo Hall
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Damian Hugh Cohall
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
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10
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Erridge S, Leung O, Holvey C, Coomber R, Beri S, Khan S, Weatherall MW, Rucker JJ, Platt MW, Sodergren MH. An observational study of clinical outcome measures in patients treated with cannabis-based medicinal products on the UK Medical Cannabis Registry. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:616-632. [PMID: 38057993 PMCID: PMC10739137 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While there is increasing evidence of the effects of cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), a major limitation of the current literature is the heterogeneity of studied CBMPs. This study aims to analyze changes in HRQoL in patients prescribed a homogenous selection of CBMPs. METHODS Primary outcomes were changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months from baseline. The secondary outcome was an adverse events analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.050. RESULTS 1378 patients prescribed Adven® CBMPs (Curaleaf International, Guernsey, UK) were included in the final analysis. 581 (42.16%) participants were current users of cannabis at baseline. 641 (46.51%), 235 (17.05%), and 502 (36.43%) patients were treated with oils, dried flowers, or a combination of the two, respectively. Improvements were found in all PROMs in each route of administration at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months from baseline (p < 0.010). Those prescribed dried flower only or both oils and dried flower experienced greater improvements in GAD-7, SQS, and EQ-5D-5L index values at 12 months (p < 0.050). There was no difference in outcomes between those prescribed dried flower only or dried flower with oils (p > 0.050). 3663 (265.82%) adverse events were reported by 297 (21.55%) patients. CONCLUSION There was an associated improvement in self-reported anxiety, sleep quality, and HRQoL in patients treated with the CBMPs. Those prescribed treatment formulations including dried flower were most likely to show a clinical improvement. However, these results must be interpreted with caution given the limitations of study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Erridge
- Imperial College Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Sapphire Medical ClinicsLondonUK
| | - Ophilia Leung
- Imperial College Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Ross Coomber
- Sapphire Medical ClinicsLondonUK
- St. George's Hospital NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Sushil Beri
- Imperial College Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Sapphire Medical ClinicsLondonUK
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Sapphire Medical ClinicsLondonUK
- Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Mark W. Weatherall
- Sapphire Medical ClinicsLondonUK
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS TrustAmershamUK
| | - James J. Rucker
- Sapphire Medical ClinicsLondonUK
- Department of Psychological MedicineKings College LondonLondonUK
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | - Mikael H. Sodergren
- Imperial College Medical Cannabis Research Group, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Sapphire Medical ClinicsLondonUK
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Awwad F, Fantino EI, Héneault M, Diaz-Garza AM, Merindol N, Custeau A, Gélinas SE, Meddeb-Mouelhi F, Li J, Lemay JF, Karas BJ, Desgagne-Penix I. Bioengineering of the Marine Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum with Cannabis Genes Enables the Production of the Cannabinoid Precursor, Olivetolic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16624. [PMID: 38068947 PMCID: PMC10706280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for novel natural compounds has prompted the exploration of innovative approaches in bioengineering. This study investigates the bioengineering potential of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum through the introduction of cannabis genes, specifically, tetraketide synthase (TKS), and olivetolic acid cyclase (OAC), for the production of the cannabinoid precursor, olivetolic acid (OA). P. tricornutum is a promising biotechnological platform due to its fast growth rate, amenability to genetic manipulation, and ability to produce valuable compounds. Through genetic engineering techniques, we successfully integrated the cannabis genes TKS and OAC into the diatom. P. tricornutum transconjugants expressing these genes showed the production of the recombinant TKS and OAC enzymes, detected via Western blot analysis, and the production of cannabinoids precursor (OA) detected using the HPLC/UV spectrum when compared to the wild-type strain. Quantitative analysis revealed significant olivetolic acid accumulation (0.6-2.6 mg/L), demonstrating the successful integration and functionality of the heterologous genes. Furthermore, the introduction of TKS and OAC genes led to the synthesis of novel molecules, potentially expanding the repertoire of bioactive compounds accessible through diatom-based biotechnology. This study demonstrates the successful bioengineering of P. tricornutum with cannabis genes, enabling the production of OA as a precursor for cannabinoid production and the synthesis of novel molecules with potential pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Awwad
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Elisa Ines Fantino
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Marianne Héneault
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Aracely Maribel Diaz-Garza
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Natacha Merindol
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Alexandre Custeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Sarah-Eve Gélinas
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Fatma Meddeb-Mouelhi
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Jessica Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lemay
- Centre National en Électrochimie et en Technologies Environnementales Inc., 2263 Avenue du Collège, Shawinigan, QC G9N 6V8, Canada
| | - Bogumil J. Karas
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagne-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Riviere, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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Li W, Wu M, Li Y, Shen J. Reactive nitrogen species as therapeutic targets for autophagy/mitophagy modulation to relieve neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: Potential application for drug discovery. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:37-51. [PMID: 37532065 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with limited therapeutic effects, eventually developing into handicap. Seeking novel therapeutic strategies for MS is timely important. Active autophagy/mitophagy could mediate neurodegeneration, while its roles in MS remain controversial. To elucidate the exact roles of autophagy/mitophagy and reveal its in-depth regulatory mechanisms, we conduct a systematic literature study and analyze the factors that might be responsible for divergent results obtained. The dynamic change levels of autophagy/mitophagy appear to be a determining factor for final neuron fate during MS pathology. Excessive neuronal autophagy/mitophagy contributes to neurodegeneration after disease onset at the active MS phase. Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) serve as key regulators for redox-related modifications and participate in autophagy/mitophagy modulation in MS. Nitric oxide (•NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), two representative RNS, could nitrate or nitrosate Drp1/parkin/PINK1 pathway, activating excessive mitophagy and aggravating neuronal injury. Targeting RNS-mediated excessive autophagy/mitophagy could be a promising strategy for developing novel anti-MS drugs. In this review, we highlight the important roles of RNS-mediated autophagy/mitophagy in neuronal injury and review the potential therapeutic compounds with the bioactivities of inhibiting RNS-mediated autophagy/mitophagy activation and attenuating MS progression. Overall, we conclude that reactive nitrogen species could be promising therapeutic targets to regulate autophagy/mitophagy for multiple sclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Meiling Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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13
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Ghosh S, Sinha JK, Ghosh S, Sharma H, Bhaskar R, Narayanan KB. A Comprehensive Review of Emerging Trends and Innovative Therapies in Epilepsy Management. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1305. [PMID: 37759906 PMCID: PMC10527076 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide, with a substantial number of patients facing drug-resistant epilepsy. This comprehensive review explores innovative therapies for epilepsy management, focusing on their principles, clinical evidence, and potential applications. Traditional antiseizure medications (ASMs) form the cornerstone of epilepsy treatment, but their limitations necessitate alternative approaches. The review delves into cutting-edge therapies such as responsive neurostimulation (RNS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS), highlighting their mechanisms of action and promising clinical outcomes. Additionally, the potential of gene therapies and optogenetics in epilepsy research is discussed, revealing groundbreaking findings that shed light on seizure mechanisms. Insights into cannabidiol (CBD) and the ketogenic diet as adjunctive therapies further broaden the spectrum of epilepsy management. Challenges in achieving seizure control with traditional therapies, including treatment resistance and individual variability, are addressed. The importance of staying updated with emerging trends in epilepsy management is emphasized, along with the hope for improved therapeutic options. Future research directions, such as combining therapies, AI applications, and non-invasive optogenetics, hold promise for personalized and effective epilepsy treatment. As the field advances, collaboration among researchers of natural and synthetic biochemistry, clinicians from different streams and various forms of medicine, and patients will drive progress toward better seizure control and a higher quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India
- ICMR—National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | | | - Soumya Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, India
| | | | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
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14
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Murlanova K, Pletnikov MV. Modeling psychotic disorders: Environment x environment interaction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105310. [PMID: 37437753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a major psychotic disorder with multifactorial etiology that includes interactions between genetic vulnerability and environmental risk factors. In addition, interplay of multiple environmental adversities affects neurodevelopment and may increase the individual risk of developing schizophrenia. Consistent with the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia, we review rodent models that combine maternal immune activation as the first hit with other adverse environmental exposures as the second hit. We discuss the strengths and pitfalls of the current animal models of environment x environment interplay and propose some future directions to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Murlanova
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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15
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Román-Vargas Y, Porras-Arguello JD, Blandón-Naranjo L, Pérez-Pérez LD, Benjumea DM. Evaluation of the Analgesic Effect of High-Cannabidiol-Content Cannabis Extracts in Different Pain Models by Using Polymeric Micelles as Vehicles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114299. [PMID: 37298776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, cannabis is considered an attractive option for the treatment of various diseases, including pain management. Thus, developing new analgesics is paramount for improving the health of people suffering from chronic pain. Safer natural derivatives such as cannabidiol (CBD) have shown excellent potential for the treatment of these diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of a CBD-rich cannabis extract (CE) encapsulated in polymeric micelles (CBD/PMs) using different pain models. The PEG-PCL polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. PMs were prepared by solvent evaporation and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy. The analgesic activity of CBD/PMs and nonencapsulated CE rich in CBD (CE/CBD) was evaluated using mouse thermal, chemical, and mechanical pain models. The acute toxicity of the encapsulated CE was determined by oral administration in mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 14 days. The release of CBD from the nanoparticles was assessed in vitro using a dialysis experiment. CBD/PMs with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 63.8 nm obtained from a biocompatible polyethylene glycol-block-polycaprolactone copolymer were used as nanocarriers for the extract formulations with 9.2% CBD content, which corresponded with a high encapsulation efficiency of 99.9%. The results of the pharmacological assays indicated that orally administered CBD/PMs were safe and exerted a better analgesic effect than CE/CBD. The micelle formulation had a significant analgesic effect in a chemical pain model, reaching a percentage of analgesia of 42%. CE was successfully encapsulated in a nanocarrier, providing better stability. Moreover, it proved to be more efficient as a carrier for CBD release. The analgesic activity of CBD/PMs was higher than that of free CE, implying that encapsulation is an efficient strategy for improving stability and functionality. In conclusion, CBD/PMs could be promising therapeutics for pain management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoreny Román-Vargas
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia
| | - Julián David Porras-Arguello
- Grupo de Investigación Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03, Edif. 476, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Lucas Blandón-Naranjo
- Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares-GIEM, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia
| | - León Darío Pérez-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Macromoléculas, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Av. Carrera 30 # 45-03, Edif. 476, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Dora María Benjumea
- Grupo de Toxinología y Alternativas Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 1226, Colombia
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16
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Olasore HSA, Osuntoki AA, Magbagbeola OA, Awesu ARB, Olashore AA. Association of Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1) 40 bp 3′ UTR VNTR Polymorphism (rs28363170) and Cannabis Use Disorder. SUBSTANCE ABUSE: RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2023; 17:11782218231163696. [PMID: 37020726 PMCID: PMC10068503 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231163696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit drug among Nigerians, often associated with psychiatric disorders. Since genetic predisposition has been implicated in substance use disorders, we, therefore, aimed at finding out the relationship between dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) polymorphism and cannabis use disorder. Methods: We recruited 104 patients from a tertiary psychiatric facility in Lagos, Nigeria, who were diagnosed with cannabis use disorder according to ICD-10 and 96 non-smokers as a comparative group. The smokers were screened with Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test (CUDIT), and cannabis dependence was assessed with the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS). Genotyping was carried out for the 40 bp 3′ UTR VNTR of the DAT1 (rs28363170). Results: The frequencies of 9R/9R, 9R/10R, 10R/10R among non-smokers and smokers were 14 (14.3%), 25 (26.2%), 57 (59.5%) and 17 (16.3%), 54 (51.9%), 33 (31.7%) respectively. The genotype distribution was in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) only in the smokers’ population (χ² = 1.896, P = .166). Individuals with the 10R allele were almost twice as likely as the 9R carriers to smoke cannabis (OR = 1.915, 95% CI: 1.225-2.995). However, this polymorphism was not associated with the quantity of cannabis smoked, age at onset of smoking, CUDIT, and SDS scores. Conclusion: The DAT VNTR polymorphism was associated with cannabis smoking but not cannabis use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holiness SA Olasore
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinniyi A Osuntoki
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi A Magbagbeola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Anthony A Olashore
- Department of Psychiatry, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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17
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Palmisano M, Gargano A, Olabiyi BF, Lutz B, Bilkei-Gorzo A. Hippocampal Deletion of CB1 Receptor Impairs Social Memory and Leads to Age-Related Changes in the Hippocampus of Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010026. [PMID: 36613469 PMCID: PMC9819823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system activity declines with age in the hippocampus, along with the density of the cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1). This process might contribute to brain ageing, as previous studies showed that the constitutive deletion of the CB1 receptor in mice leads to early onset of memory deficits and histological signs of ageing in the hippocampus including enhanced pro-inflammatory glial activity and reduced neurogenesis. Here we asked whether the CB1 receptor exerts its activity locally, directly influencing hippocampal ageing or indirectly, accelerating systemic ageing. Thus, we deleted the CB1 receptor site-specifically in the hippocampus of 2-month-old CB1flox/flox mice using stereotaxic injections of rAAV-Cre-Venus viruses and assessed their social recognition memory four months later. Mice with hippocampus-specific deletion of the CB1 receptor displayed a memory impairment, similarly as observed in constitutive knockouts at the same age. We next analysed neuroinflammatory changes in the hippocampus, neuronal density and cell proliferation. Site-specific mutant mice had enhanced glial cell activity, up-regulated levels of TNFα in the hippocampus and decreased cell proliferation, specifically in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Our data indicate that a local activity of the CB1 receptor in the hippocampus is required to maintain neurogenesis and to prevent neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Palmisano
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandra Gargano
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53125 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0228-6885-317
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18
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Khantakova JN, Bondar NP, Sapronova AA, Reshetnikov VV. Delayed effects of neonatal immune activation on brain neurochemistry and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5931-5951. [PMID: 36156830 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the postnatal period, the brain is highly sensitive to stress and inflammation, which are hazardous to normal growth and development. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory processes in the early postnatal period increase the risk of psychopathologies and cognitive impairment later in life. On the other hand, there are few studies on the ability of infectious agents to cause long-term neuroinflammation, leading to changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning and an imbalance in the neurotransmitter system. In this review, we examine short- and long-term effects of neonatal-induced inflammation in rodents on glutamatergic, GABAergic and monoaminergic systems and on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N Khantakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution 'Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology' (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia P Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Sapronova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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19
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Stasiulewicz A, Lesniak A, Setny P, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Sulkowska JI. Identification of CB1 Ligands among Drugs, Phytochemicals and Natural-Like Compounds: Virtual Screening and In Vitro Verification. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2991-3007. [PMID: 36197801 PMCID: PMC9585589 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is an important modulator of many key physiological functions and thus a compelling molecular target. However, safe CB1 targeting is a non-trivial task. In recent years, there has been a surge of data indicating that drugs successfully used in the clinic for years (e.g. paracetamol) show CB1 activity. Moreover, there is a lot of promise in finding CB1 ligands in plants other than Cannabis sativa. In this study, we searched for possible CB1 activity among already existing drugs, their metabolites, phytochemicals, and natural-like molecules. We conducted two iterations of virtual screening, verifying the results with in vitro binding and functional assays. The in silico procedure consisted of a wide range of structure- and ligand-based methods, including docking, molecular dynamics, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). As a result, we identified travoprost and ginkgetin as CB1 ligands, which provides a starting point for future research on the impact of their metabolites or preparations on the endocannabinoid system. Moreover, we found five natural-like compounds with submicromolar or low micromolar affinity to CB1, including one mixed partial agonist/antagonist viable for hit-to-lead phase. Finally, the computational procedure established in this work will be of use for future screening campaigns for novel CB1 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department
of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland,Centre of
New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lesniak
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Setny
- Centre of
New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department
of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Centre of
New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland,
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20
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Schab M, Skoczen S. The Role of Nutritional Status, Gastrointestinal Peptides, and Endocannabinoids in the Prognosis and Treatment of Children with Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5159. [PMID: 35563548 PMCID: PMC9106013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic diseases in children are the second most frequent cause of death among the young. It is estimated that 400,000 children worldwide will be diagnosed with cancer each year. The nutritional status at diagnosis is a prognostic indicator and influences the treatment tolerance. Both malnutrition and obesity increase the risk of mortality and complications during treatment. It is necessary to constantly search for new factors that impair the nutritional status. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a signaling system whose best-known function is regulating energy balance and food intake, but it also plays a role in pain control, embryogenesis, neurogenesis, learning, and the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Its action is multidirectional, and its role is being discovered in an increasing number of diseases. In adults, cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-cancer properties against breast and pancreatic cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, and brain tumors. Data on the importance of both the endocannabinoid system and synthetic cannabinoids are lacking in children with cancer. This review highlights the role of nutritional status in the oncological treatment process, and describes the role of ECS and gastrointestinal peptides in regulating appetite. We also point to the need for research to evaluate the role of the endocannabinoid system in children with cancer, together with a prospective assessment of nutritional status during oncological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Schab
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Szymon Skoczen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland
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21
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Cannabinoid and endocannabinoid system: a promising therapeutic intervention for multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5117-5131. [PMID: 35182322 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and complex neurodegenerative disease, distinguished by the presence of lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) due to exacerbated immunological responses that inflict oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath of axons. In recent years, studies have focused on targeted therapeutics for MS that emphasize the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), specifically cannabinoids receptors. Clinical studies have suggested the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa in relieving pain, tremors and spasticity. Cannabinoids also appear to prevent exaggerated immune responses in CNS due to compromised blood-brain barrier. Both, endocannabinoid system (ECS) modulators and cannabinoid ligands actively promote oligodendrocyte survival by regulating signaling, migration and myelination of nerve cells. The cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) of ECS are the main ones in focus for therapeutic intervention of MS. Various CB1/CB2 receptors agonists have been experimentally studied which showed anti-inflammatory properties and are considered to be effective as potential therapeutics for MS. In this review, we focused on the exacerbated immune attack on nerve cells and the role of the cannabinoids and its interaction with the ECS in CNS during MS pathology.
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22
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Busquets-Garcia A, Melis M, Bellocchio L, Marsicano G. Cannabinoid Signalling in the Brain: New Vistas. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:903-908. [PMID: 35118747 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Busquets-Garcia
- Cell-type mechanisms in normal and pathological behaviour Research Group, Neuroscience Programme, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari. Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - G Marsicano
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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23
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Lataliza AAB, de Assis PM, da Rocha Laurindo L, Gonçalves ECD, Raposo NRB, Dutra RC. Antidepressant-like effect of rosmarinic acid during LPS-induced neuroinflammatory model: The potential role of cannabinoid receptors/PPAR-γ signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6974-6989. [PMID: 34709695 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Herein, this study investigated in silico the drug-likeness and the potential molecular targets to RA. Moreover, it tested the antidepressant-like potential of RA in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression model. RA (MW = 360.31 g/mol) meets the criteria of both Lipinski's rule of five and the Ghose filter. It also attends to relevant pharmacokinetic parameters. Target prediction analysis identified RA's potential targets and biological activities, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 . In vivo, RA's acute, repetitive, and therapeutic administration showed antidepressant-like effect since it significantly reduced the immobility time in the tail suspension test and increased grooming time in the splash test. Further, the pretreatment with antagonists of CB1 , CB2 , and PPAR-γ receptors significantly blocked the antidepressant-like effect of RA. Altogether, our findings suggest that cannabinoid receptors/PPAR-γ signaling pathways are involved with the antidepressant-like effect of RA. Moreover, this molecule meets important physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters that favor its bioavailability. RA constitutes a promising, innovative, and safe molecule for the pharmacotherapy of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Augusto Barros Lataliza
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Mendonça de Assis
- Center for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Larissa da Rocha Laurindo
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Dalazen Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo
- Center for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cypriano Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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24
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Russo E, Cannas C, Rivetti MS, Villa C, Rebesco B. Innovative Clinical-Organizational Model to Ensure Appropriateness and Quality in the Management of Medical Cannabis: An Italian Regional Case. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111425. [PMID: 34828472 PMCID: PMC8625658 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the clinical-organizational model implemented in an Italian region (Liguria) to streamline the access procedures to galenic cannabis preparations. The competent local health care authority that takes care of tracing a virtuous path to obtain common, uniform and shared protocols and ensure high standards of care is A.Li.Sa. (Azienda Ligure Sanitaria), a public organization with the function of coordination, direction and governance of the health care in the regional hospitals and health facilities. To this purpose, different working groups and a board meeting have been set up with the main role to define and develop technical standards to be applied to the prescription, preparation and dispensing of pharmaceutical forms based on therapeutic cannabis. In particular, the galenic preparations provided by the Italian Ministry of Health, described in detail in the regional standard operating protocols, are described and discussed. Moreover, the most significant data monitored from 2018 to 2020 and collected by hospitals and the evaluation of those derived from local pharmacies and health facilities are presented, discussed and compared in regards to their adherence and coherence with the Italian Institute of Health (ISS) data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Section of Medicinal and Cosmetic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Clara Cannas
- Drug Policy Department, A.Li.Sa, 16121 Genova, Italy; (C.C.); (M.S.R.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Carla Villa
- Section of Medicinal and Cosmetic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Barbara Rebesco
- Drug Policy Department, A.Li.Sa, 16121 Genova, Italy; (C.C.); (M.S.R.); (B.R.)
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25
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Coronado-Álvarez A, Romero-Cordero K, Macías-Triana L, Tatum-Kuri A, Vera-Barrón A, Budde H, Machado S, Yamamoto T, Imperatori C, Murillo-Rodríguez E. The synthetic CB 1 cannabinoid receptor selective agonists: Putative medical uses and their legalization. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110301. [PMID: 33741446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 500 molecules have been identified as components of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa), of which the most studied is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). Several studies have suggested that Δ9-THC exerts diverse biological effects, ranging from fragmentation of DNA to behavioral disruptions. Currently, it is accepted that most of the pharmacological properties of Δ9-THC engage the activation of the cannabinoid receptors, named CB1 and CB2. Interestingly, multiple pieces of evidence have suggested that the cannabinoid receptors play an active role in the modulation of several diseases leading to the design of synthetic cannabinoid-like compounds. Advances in the development of synthetic CB1 cannabinoid receptor selective agonists as therapeutical approaches are, however, limited. This review focuses on available evidence searched in PubMed regarding the synthetic CB1 cannabinoid receptor selective agonists such as AM-1235, arachidonyl-2' chloroethylamide (ACEA), CP 50,556-1 (Levonantradol), CP-55,940, HU-210, JWH-007, JWH-018, JWH-200 (WIN 55,225), methanandamide, nabilone, O-1812, UR-144, WIN 55,212-2, nabiximols, and dronabinol. Indeed, it would be ambitious to describe all available evidence related to the synthetic CB1 cannabinoid receptor selective agonists. However, and despite the positive evidence on the positive results of using these compounds in experimental models of health disturbances and preclinical trials, we discuss evidence in regards some concerns due to side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Coronado-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Karen Romero-Cordero
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Lorena Macías-Triana
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Agnes Tatum-Kuri
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Alba Vera-Barrón
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico; Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico; Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico; Cognitive and Clinical Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mexico.
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26
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Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS). A New Threat for Young Drug Users with Forensic-Toxicological Implications. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050440. [PMID: 34068903 PMCID: PMC8156937 DOI: 10.3390/life11050440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a severe health risk for drug users. Even though the phenomenon has been growing since the early 2000s, the mechanisms of action of NPS at the receptors and beyond them are still scarcely understood. The aim of the present study was to provide a systematic review of the updated knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of synthetic opioids, cannabinoids, cathinones, and stimulants. The study was conducted on the PubMed database. Study eligibility criteria included relevance to the topic, English language, and time of publication (2010–2020). A combined Mesh and free-text protocols search was performed. Study selection was performed on the title/abstract and, in doubtful cases, on the full texts of papers. Of the 580 records identified through PubMed searching and reference checking, 307 were excluded by title/abstract and 78 additional papers were excluded after full-text reading, leaving a total of 155 included papers. Molecular mechanisms of synthetic opioids, synthetic cannabinoids, stimulants, psychedelics, and hallucinogens were reviewed and mostly involved both a receptor-mediated and non-receptor mediated cellular modulation with multiple neurotransmitters interactions. The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of NPS are more complex than expected, with a wide range of overlap among activated receptors and neurotransmitter systems. The peculiar action profile of single compounds does not necessarily reflect that of the structural class to which they belong, accounting for possible unexpected toxic reactions.
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27
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Structural Insights into β-arrestin/CB1 Receptor Interaction: NMR and CD Studies on Model Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218111. [PMID: 33143110 PMCID: PMC7662265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor induces different cellular signaling cascades through coupling to different effector proteins (G-proteins and β-arrestins), triggering numerous therapeutic effects. Conformational changes and rearrangements at the intracellular domain of this GPCR receptor that accompany ligand binding dictate the signaling pathways. The GPCR-binding interface for G proteins has been extensively studied, whereas β-arrestin/GPCR complexes are still poorly understood. To gain knowledge in this direction, we designed peptides that mimic the motifs involved in the putative interacting region: β-arrestin1 finger loop and the transmembrane helix 7-helix 8 (TMH7-H8) elbow located at the intracellular side of the CB1 receptor. According to circular dichroism and NMR data, these peptides form a native-like, helical conformation and interact with each other in aqueous solution, in the presence of trifluoroethanol, and using zwitterionic detergent micelles as membrane mimics. These results increase our understanding of the binding mode of β-arrestin and CB1 receptor and validate minimalist approaches to structurally comprehend complex protein systems.
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