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Delavaux CS, Angst JK, Espinosa H, Brown M, Petticord DF, Schroeder JW, Broders K, Herre EA, Bever JD, Crowther TW. Fungal community dissimilarity predicts plant-soil feedback strength in a lowland tropical forest. Ecology 2024; 105:e4200. [PMID: 37897325 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes impact plant community structure and diversity through plant-soil feedbacks. However, linking the relative abundance of plant pathogens and mutualists to differential plant recruitment remains challenging. Here, we tested for microbial mediation of pairwise feedback using a reciprocal transplant experiment in a lowland tropical forest in Panama paired with amplicon sequencing of soil and roots. We found evidence that plant species identity alters the microbial community, and these changes in microbial composition alter subsequent growth and survival of conspecific plants. We also found that greater community dissimilarity between species in their arbuscular mycorrhizal and nonpathogenic fungi predicted increased positive feedback. Finally, we identified specific microbial taxa across our target functional groups that differentially accumulated under conspecific settings. Collectively, these findings clarify how soil pathogens and mutualists mediate net feedback effects on plant recruitment, with implications for management and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille S Delavaux
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Janika K Angst
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hilario Espinosa
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, SENACYT, Panama City, Panama
- Universidad de Panama, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Departamento de Botánica, Panama City, Panama
- Coiba Scientific Station (Coiba AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Makenna Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel F Petticord
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Kirk Broders
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
- Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward A Herre
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - James D Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Thomas W Crowther
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Fu X, Huang Y, Fu Q, Qiu Y, Zhao J, Li J, Wu X, Yang Y, Liu H, Yang X, Chen H. Critical transition of soil microbial diversity and composition triggered by plant rhizosphere effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1252821. [PMID: 38023904 PMCID: PMC10676204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1252821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, microbial community composition in the rhizosphere has been extensively studied as the most fascinating topic in microbial ecology. In general, plants affect soil microbiota through rhizodeposits and changes in abiotic conditions. However, a consensus on the response of microbiota traits to the rhizosphere and bulk soils in various ecosystems worldwide regarding community diversity and structure has not been reached yet. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 101 studies to investigate the microbial community changes between the rhizosphere and bulk soils across various plant species (maize, rice, vegetables, other crops, herbaceous, and woody plants). Our results showed that across all plant species, plant rhizosphere effects tended to reduce the rhizosphere soil pH, especially in neutral or slightly alkaline soils. Beta-diversity of bacterial community was significantly separated between into rhizosphere and bulk soils. Moreover, r-strategists and copiotrophs (e.g. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes) enriched by 24-27% in the rhizosphere across all plant species, while K-strategists and oligotrophic (e.g. Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadete, Nitrospirae, and Planctomycetes) decreased by 15-42% in the rhizosphere. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi are also depleted by in the plant rhizosphere compared with the bulk soil by 7-14%. The Actinobacteria exhibited consistently negative effect sizes across all plant species, except for maize and vegetables. In Firmicutes, both herbaceous and woody plants showed negative responses to rhizosphere effects, but those in maize and rice were contrarily enriched in the rhizosphere. With regards to Chloroflexi, apart from herbaceous plants showing a positive effect size, the plant rhizosphere effects were consistently negative across all other plant types. Verrucomicrobia exhibited a significantly positive effect size in maize, whereas herbaceous plants displayed a negative effect size in the rhizosphere. Overall, our meta-analysis exhibited significant changes in microbial community structure and diversity responding to the plant rhizosphere effects depending on plant species, further suggesting the importance of plant rhizosphere to environmental changes influencing plants and subsequently their controls over the rhizosphere microbiota related to nutrient cycling and soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaihai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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3
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Burrill HM, Wang G, Bever JD. Rapid differentiation of soil and root microbiomes in response to plant composition and biodiversity in the field. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:31. [PMID: 37076650 PMCID: PMC10115818 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that microbiomes play a major role in structuring plant communities and influencing ecosystem processes, however, the relative roles and strength of change of microbial components have not been identified. We measured the response of fungal, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF), bacteria, and oomycete composition 4 months after planting of field plots that varied in plant composition and diversity. Plots were planted using 18 prairie plant species from three plant families (Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Asteraceae) in monoculture, 2, 3, or 6 species richness mixtures and either species within multiple families or one family. Soil cores were collected and homogenized per plot and DNA were extracted from soil and roots of each plot. We found that all microbial groups responded to the planting design, indicating rapid microbiome response to plant composition. Fungal pathogen communities were strongly affected by plant diversity. We identified OTUs from genera of putatively pathogenic fungi that increased with plant family, indicating likely pathogen specificity. Bacteria were strongly differentiated by plant family in roots but not soil. Fungal pathogen diversity increased with planted species richness, while oomycete diversity, as well as bacterial diversity in roots, decreased. AMF differentiation in roots was detected with individual plant species, but not plant family or richness. Fungal saprotroph composition differentiated between plant family composition in plots, providing evidence for decomposer home-field advantage. The observed patterns are consistent with rapid microbiome differentiation with plant composition, which could generate rapid feedbacks on plant growth in the field, thereby potentially influencing plant community structure, and influence ecosystem processes. These findings highlight the importance of native microbial inoculation in restoration.
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4
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Deng C, Liang X, Zhang N, Li B, Wang X, Zeng N. Molecular mechanisms of plant growth promotion for methylotrophic Bacillus aryabhattai LAD. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:917382. [PMID: 36353455 PMCID: PMC9637944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.917382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can produce hormone-like substances, promote plant nutrient uptake, enhance plant resistance, inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and induce plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacillus is one of the most studied genera that promote plant root development. Since its discovery in 2009, B. aryabhattai has shown promising properties such as promoting plant growth and improving crop yield. However, the mechanisms of B. aryabhattai promoting plant growth remain to be investigated. In this study, the chromosome of B. aryabhattai strain LAD and five plasmids within the cell were sequenced and annotated. The genome, with a length of 5,194,589 bp and 38.12% GC content, contains 5,288 putative protein-coding genes, 39 rRNA, and 112 tRNA. The length of the five plasmids ranged from 116,519 to 212,484 bp, and a total of 810 putative protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA, and 32 tRNA were predicted in the plasmids. Functional annotation of the predicted genes revealed numerous genes associated with indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) biosynthesis, membrane transport, nitrogen cycle metabolism, signal transduction, cell mobility, stress response, and antibiotic resistance on the genome which benefits the plants. Genes of carbohydrate-active enzymes were detected in both the genome and plasmids suggesting that LAD has the capacity of synthesizing saccharides and utilizing organic materials like root exudates. LAD can utilize different carbon sources of varied carbon chain length, i.e., methanol, acetate, glycerol, glucose, sucrose, and starch for growth and temperature adaptation suggesting a high versatility of LAD for thriving in fluctuating environments. LAD produced the most EPSs with sucrose as sole carbon source, and high concentration of IAA was produced when the maize plant was cultivated with LAD, which may enhance plant growth. LAD significantly stimulated the development of the maize root. The genome-based information and experimental evidence demonstrated that LAD with diverse metabolic capabilities and positive interactions with plants has tremendous potential for adaptation to the dynamic soil environments and promoting plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Deng
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Ning Zhang,
| | - Bingxue Li
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bingxue Li,
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Semchenko M, Barry KE, de Vries FT, Mommer L, Moora M, Maciá-Vicente JG. Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant-microbial interactions as drivers of plant-soil feedback. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1929-1944. [PMID: 35338649 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the soil microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at the same location, thereby regulating population density-dependence and species co-existence. Such effects are often attributed to the accumulation of host-specific antagonistic or beneficial microbiota in the rhizosphere. However, the identity and host-specificity of the microbial taxa involved are rarely empirically assessed. Here we review the evidence for host-specificity in plant-associated microbes and propose that specific plant-soil feedbacks can also be driven by generalists. We outline the potential mechanisms by which generalist microbial pathogens, mutualists and decomposers can generate differential effects on plant hosts and synthesize existing evidence to predict these effects as a function of plant investments into defence, microbial mutualists and dispersal. Importantly, the capacity of generalist microbiota to drive plant-soil feedbacks depends not only on the traits of individual plants but also on the phylogenetic and functional diversity of plant communities. Identifying factors that promote specialization or generalism in plant-microbial interactions and thereby modulate the impact of microbiota on plant performance will advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant-soil feedback and the ways it contributes to plant co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Semchenko
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kathryn E Barry
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liesje Mommer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jose G Maciá-Vicente
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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6
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Frew A, Antunes PM, Cameron DD, Hartley SE, Johnson SN, Rillig MC, Bennett AE. Plant herbivore protection by arbuscular mycorrhizas: a role for fungal diversity? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1022-1031. [PMID: 34618922 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Frew
- School of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia
| | - Pedro M Antunes
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Duncan D Cameron
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Susan E Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, D-14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, D-14195, Germany
| | - Alison E Bennett
- Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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7
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Bhattacharyya C, Imchen M, Mukherjee T, Haldar S, Mondal S, Mukherji S, Haldar A, Kumavath R, Ghosh A. Rhizosphere impact bacterial community structure in the tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze.) estates of Darjeeling, India. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:2716-2731. [PMID: 34913573 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
India contributes 28% of the world's tea production, and the Darjeeling tea of India is a world-famous tea variety known for its unique quality, flavor, and aroma. This study analyzed the spatial distribution of bacterial communities in the tea rhizosphere of six different tea estates at different altitudes. The organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphate were higher in the rhizosphere soils than the bulk soils, irrespective of the sites. Alpha and beta diversities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. Among the identified phyla, the predominant ones were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, only 4 out of 23 predominant genera (>1% relative abundance) could be classified viz. Candidatus Solibacter (5.36±0.36%), Rhodoplanes (4.87±0.3%), Candidatus Koribacter (2.3±0.67%), Prevotella (1.49±0.26%). The rhizosphere effect was prominent evident from the significant depletion of more ASVs (n=39) compared to enrichment (n=11). The functional genes also exhibit a similar trend with the enrichment of N2 fixation genes, disease suppression, and Acetoine synthesis. Our study reports that the rhizobiome of tea is highly selective by reducing the alpha and beta diversity while enriching the significant functional genes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya P.O, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Triparna Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyamalina Haldar
- Department of Biochemistry, Asutosh College, University, of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Sangita Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shayantan Mukherji
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Haldar
- Department of Geography, East Calcutta Girls' College, under West Bengal State University, Lake Town, Kolkata, 700089, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya P.O, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Abhrajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T, Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
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8
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Thakur MP, van der Putten WH, Wilschut RA, Veen GFC, Kardol P, van Ruijven J, Allan E, Roscher C, van Kleunen M, Bezemer TM. Plant-Soil Feedbacks and Temporal Dynamics of Plant Diversity-Productivity Relationships. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:651-661. [PMID: 33888322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) and diversity-productivity relationships are important research fields to study drivers and consequences of changes in plant biodiversity. While studies suggest that positive plant diversity-productivity relationships can be explained by variation in PSF in diverse plant communities, key questions on their temporal relationships remain. Here, we discuss three processes that change PSF over time in diverse plant communities, and their effects on temporal dynamics of diversity-productivity relationships: spatial redistribution and changes in dominance of plant species; phenotypic shifts in plant traits; and dilution of soil pathogens and increase in soil mutualists. Disentangling these processes in plant diversity experiments will yield new insights into how plant diversity-productivity relationships change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P Thakur
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger A Wilschut
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - G F Ciska Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jasper van Ruijven
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Roscher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Physiological Diversity - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO- KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Section Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Leiden University, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Fields B, Moffat EK, Friman VP, Harrison E. The impact of intra-specific diversity in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 33829985 PMCID: PMC8289218 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobia - nitrogen-fixing, root-nodulating bacteria - play a critical role in both plant ecosystems and sustainable agriculture. Rhizobia form intracellular infections within legumes roots where they produce plant accessible nitrogen from atmospheric nitrogen and thus reduce the reliance on industrial inputs. The rhizobia-legume symbiosis is often treated as a pairwise relationship between single genotypes, both in research and in the production of rhizobial inoculants. However in nature individual plants are infected by a high diversity of rhizobia symbionts. How this diversity affects productivity within the symbiosis is unclear. Here, we use a powerful statistical approach to assess the impact of diversity within the Rhizobium leguminosarum - clover symbiosis using a biodiversity-ecosystem function framework. Statistically, we found no significant impact of rhizobium diversity. However this relationship was weakly positive - rather than negative - indicating that there is no significant cost to increasing inoculant diversity. Productivity was influenced by the identity of the strains within an inoculant; strains with the highest individual performance showed a significant positive contribution within mixed inoculants. Overall, inoculant effectiveness was best predicted by the individual performance of the best inoculant member, and only weakly predicted by the worst performing member. Collectively, our data suggest that the Rhizobium leguminosarum - clover symbiosis displays a weak diversity-function relationship, but that inoculant performance can be improved through the inclusion of high performing strains. Given the wide environmental dependence of rhizobial inoculant quality, multi-strain inoculants could be highly successful as they increase the likelihood of including a strain well adapted to local conditions across different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryden Fields
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Emma K Moffat
- Department of Animal Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ville-Petri Friman
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ellie Harrison
- Department of Animal Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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10
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Becknell RE, Showalter KG, Albrecht MA, Mangan SA. Soil mutualisms potentially determine the reintroduction outcome of an endangered legume. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Becknell
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 U.S.A
| | - Kelli G. Showalter
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 U.S.A
| | - Matthew A. Albrecht
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63130 U.S.A
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
| | - Scott A. Mangan
- Department of Biological Sciences Arkansas State University Jonesboro AR 72401 U.S.A
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11
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Zhou Z, Yu M, Ding G, Gao G, He Y. Diversity and structural differences of bacterial microbial communities in rhizocompartments of desert leguminous plants. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241057. [PMID: 33351824 PMCID: PMC7755220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By assessing diversity variations of bacterial communities under different rhizocompartment types (i.e., roots, rhizosphere soil, root zone soil, and inter-shrub bulk soil), we explore the structural difference of bacterial communities in different root microenvironments under desert leguminous plant shrubs. Results will enable the influence of niche differentiation of plant roots and root soil on the structural stability of bacterial communities under three desert leguminous plant shrubs to be examined. High-throughput 16S rRNA genome sequencing was used to characterize diversity and structural differences of bacterial microbes in the rhizocompartments of three xeric leguminous plants. Results from this study confirm previous findings relating to niche differentiation in rhizocompartments under related shrubs, and they demonstrate that diversity and structural composition of bacterial communities have significant hierarchical differences across four rhizocompartment types under leguminous plant shrubs. Desert leguminous plants showed significant hierarchical filtration and enrichment of the specific bacterial microbiome across different rhizocompartments (P < 0.05). The dominant bacterial microbiome responsible for the differences in microbial community structure and composition across different niches of desert leguminous plants mainly consisted of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. All soil factors of rhizosphere and root zone soils, except for NO3-N and TP under C. microphylla and the two Hedysarum spp., recorded significant differences (P < 0.05). Moreover, soil physicochemical factors have a significant impact on driving the differentiation of bacterial communities under desert leguminous plant shrubs. By investigating the influence of niches on the structural difference of soil bacterial communities with the differentiation of rhizocompartments under desert leguminous plant shrubs, we provide data support for the identification of dominant bacteria and future preparation of inocula, and provide a foundation for further study of the host plants-microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Zhou
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Minghan Yu
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (MY); (GD)
| | - Guodong Ding
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (MY); (GD)
| | - Guanglei Gao
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingying He
- Yanchi Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Wang G, Bei S, Li J, Bao X, Zhang J, Schultz PA, Li H, Li L, Zhang F, Bever JD, Zhang J. Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: Linking ecological plant–soil feedback with agricultural intercropping. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhou Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Shuikuan Bei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Xingguo Bao
- Institute of Soils and Fertilizers Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Jiudong Zhang
- Institute of Soils and Fertilizers Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Lanzhou China
| | | | - Haigang Li
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Long Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - James D. Bever
- Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Junling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China
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13
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Hossain MZ, Sugiyama S. Relative importance of soil microbes and litter quality on decomposition and nitrogen cycling in grasslands. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu‐ichi Sugiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University Aomori Japan
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14
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Koga W, Suzuki A, Masaka K, Seiwa K. Conspecific distance-dependent seedling performance, and replacement of conspecific seedlings by heterospecifics in five hardwood, temperate forest species. Oecologia 2020; 193:937-947. [PMID: 32783114 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms driving species diversity in the context of Janzen-Connell model are best understood by evaluating not only conspecific distance-dependent (CDD) seedling performance, but also replacement of conspecific seedlings by heterospecific seedlings beneath adult trees. We evaluated CDD and replacement as a log response ratio of seedling performance (height, age) directly beneath and at a distance from adult plants in a temperate forest, and examined the log response ratio of that between conspecifics and heterospecifics beneath adults for five hardwood species with different ecological traits (e.g., seed size, mycorrhizal type, relative abundance). CDD was greater in three small-seeded species with arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) associations than it was in two large-seeded species with ectomycorrhizae (EM) associations. Replacement was also higher for small-seeded AM species compared to large-seeded EM species, resulting in a strong, positive relationship between CDD and replacement. The traits suggest that small-seeded AM seedlings are more likely to be replaced by heterologous seedlings beneath the adults than large-seeded EM seedlings, probably due to that the small-seeded AM species are more susceptible to attack by plant natural enemies (e.g., soil pathogens, leaf diseases). As a result, small-seeded AM species had lower relative abundances compared to large-seeded EM species. This study suggests that either seed size or associations with microorganisms play an important role in driving forest diversity by regulating replacement and CDD, although relative importance of the two traits (i.e., seed size, mycorrhizal type) remains unclear, because of the autocorrelation between the two traits for the five species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Koga
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Aya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Masaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Seiwa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan.
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15
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Ontivero RE, Voyron S, Allione LVR, Bianco P, Bianciotto V, Iriarte HJ, Lugo MA, Lumini E. Impact of land use history on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in arid soils of Argentinean farming fields. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5869666. [PMID: 32648900 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key soil functional group, with an important potential to increase crop productivity and sustainable agriculture including food security. However, there is clear evidence that land uses, crop rotations and soil features affect the AMF diversity and their community functioning in many agroecosystems. So far, the information related to AMF biodiversity in ecosystems like the Argentinean Puna, an arid high plateau where plants experience high abiotic stresses, is still scarce. In this work, we investigated morphological and molecular AMF diversity in soils of native corn, bean and native potato Andean crops, under a familiar land use, in Chaupi Rodeo (Jujuy, Argentina), without agrochemical supplements but with different histories of crop rotation. Our results showed that AMF morphological diversity was not only high and variable among the three different crop soils but also complemented by Illumina MiSeq data. The multivariate analyses highlighted that total fungal diversity is significantly affected by the preceding crop plants and the rotation histories, more than from the present crop species, while AMF communities are significantly affected by preceding crop only in combination with the effect of nitrogen and calcium soil concentration. This knowledge will give useful information on appropriate familiar farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emanuel Ontivero
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), UNSL, Almirante Brown 907, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Samuele Voyron
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Lucía V Risio Allione
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Dasonomía, Facultad de Ingeniería en Cs. Agropecuarias (FICA), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ruta Provincial 55. D5730 Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bianciotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Hebe J Iriarte
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), UNSL, Almirante Brown 907, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mónica A Lugo
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), UNSL, Almirante Brown 907, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Erica Lumini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
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16
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Adu-Oppong B, Mangan SA, Stein C, Catano CP, Myers JA, Dantas G. Prairie plants harbor distinct and beneficial root-endophytic bacterial communities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234537. [PMID: 32574172 PMCID: PMC7310688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback studies attempt to understand the interplay between composition of plant and soil microbial communities. A growing body of literature suggests that plant species can coexist when they interact with a subset of the soil microbial community that impacts plant performance. Most studies focus on the microbial community in the soil rhizosphere; therefore, the degree to which the bacterial community within plant roots (root-endophytic compartment) influences plant-microbe interactions remains relatively unknown. To determine if there is an interaction between conspecific vs heterospecific soil microbes and plant performance, we sequenced root-endophytic bacterial communities of five tallgrass-prairie plant species, each reciprocally grown with soil microbes from each hosts' soil rhizosphere. We found evidence of plant-soil feedbacks for some pairs of plant hosts; however, the strength and direction of feedbacks varied substantially across plant species pairs-from positive to negative feedbacks. Additionally, each plant species harbored a unique subset of root-endophytic bacteria. Conspecifics that hosted similar bacterial communities were more similar in biomass than individuals that hosted different bacterial communities, suggesting an important functional link between root-endophytic bacterial community composition and plant fitness. Our findings suggest a connection between an understudied component of the root-endophytic microbiome and plant performance, which may have important implications in understanding plant community composition and coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boahemaa Adu-Oppong
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Mangan
- Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Claudia Stein
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Catano
- Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Myers
- Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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17
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More Than a Functional Group: Diversity within the Legume–Rhizobia Mutualism and Its Relationship with Ecosystem Function. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) have long focused on the role of nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes as a functional group that occupies a distinct and important niche relative to other plants. Because of their relationship with N-fixing rhizobial bacteria, these legumes access a different pool of N than other plants and therefore directly contribute to increases in productivity and N-cycling. Despite their recognized importance in the BEF literature, the field has not moved far beyond investigating the presence/absence of the legume functional group in species mixtures. Here, we synthesize existing information on how the diversity (species richness and functional diversity) of both legumes and the rhizobia that they host impact ecosystem functions, such as nitrogen fixation and primary productivity. We also discuss the often-overlooked reciprocal direction of the BEF relationship, whereby ecosystem function can influence legume and rhizobial diversity. We focus on BEF mechanisms of selection, complementarity, facilitation, competitive interference, and dilution effects to explain how diversity in the legume–rhizobia mutualism can have either positive or negative effects on ecosystem function—mechanisms that can operate at scales from rhizobial communities affecting individual legume functions to legume communities affecting landscape-scale ecosystem functions. To fully understand the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function, we must incorporate the full diversity of this mutualism and its reciprocal relationship with ecosystem function into our evolving BEF framework.
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18
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Drivers of the composition of active rhizosphere bacterial communities in temperate grasslands. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 14:463-475. [PMID: 31659233 PMCID: PMC6976627 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The active bacterial rhizobiomes and root exudate profiles of phytometers of six plant species growing in central European temperate grassland communities were investigated in three regions located up to 700 km apart, across diverse edaphic conditions and along a strong land use gradient. The recruitment process from bulk soil communities was identified as the major direct driver of the composition of active rhizosphere bacterial communities. Unexpectedly, the effect of soil properties, particularly soil texture, water content, and soil type, strongly dominated over plant properties and the composition of polar root exudates of the primary metabolism. While plant species-specific selection of bacteria was minor, the RNA-based composition of active rhizosphere bacteria substantially differed between rhizosphere and bulk soil. Although other variables could additionally be responsible for the consistent enrichment of particular bacteria in the rhizosphere, distinct bacterial OTUs were linked to the presence of specific polar root exudates independent of individual plant species. Our study also identified numerous previously unknown taxa that are correlated with rhizosphere dynamics and hence represent suitable targets for future manipulations of the plant rhizobiome.
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19
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Singer E, Bonnette J, Woyke T, Juenger TE. Conservation of Endophyte Bacterial Community Structure Across Two Panicum Grass Species. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2181. [PMID: 31611851 PMCID: PMC6777145 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Panicum represents a large genus of many North American prairie grass species. These include switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a biofuel crop candidate with wide geographic range, as well as Panicum hallii, a close relative to switchgrass, which serves as a model system for the study of Panicum genetics due to its diploid genome and short growth cycles. For the advancement of switchgrass as a biofuel crop, it is essential to understand host microbiome interactions, which can be impacted by plant genetics and environmental factors inducing ecotype-specific phenotypic traits. We here compared rhizosphere and root endosphere bacterial communities of upland and lowland P. virgatum and P. hallii genotypes planted at two sites in Texas. Our analysis shows that sampling site predominantly contributed to bacterial community variance in the rhizosphere, however, impacted root endosphere bacterial communities much less. Instead we observed a relatively large core endophytic microbiome dominated by ubiquitously root-colonizing bacterial genera Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Bradyrhizobium. Endosphere communities displayed comparable diversity and conserved community structures across genotypes of both Panicum species. Functional insights into interactions between P. hallii and its root endophyte microbiome could hence inform testable hypotheses that are relevant for the improvement of switchgrass as a biofuel crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Singer
- US Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Jason Bonnette
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Tanja Woyke
- US Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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20
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Crawford KM, Bauer JT, Comita LS, Eppinga MB, Johnson DJ, Mangan SA, Queenborough SA, Strand AE, Suding KN, Umbanhowar J, Bever JD. When and where plant-soil feedback may promote plant coexistence: a meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1274-1284. [PMID: 31149765 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) theory provides a powerful framework for understanding plant dynamics by integrating growth assays into predictions of whether soil communities stabilise plant-plant interactions. However, we lack a comprehensive view of the likelihood of feedback-driven coexistence, partly because of a failure to analyse pairwise PSF, the metric directly linked to plant species coexistence. Here, we determine the relative importance of plant evolutionary history, traits, and environmental factors for coexistence through PSF using a meta-analysis of 1038 pairwise PSF measures. Consistent with eco-evolutionary predictions, feedback is more likely to mediate coexistence for pairs of plant species (1) associating with similar guilds of mycorrhizal fungi, (2) of increasing phylogenetic distance, and (3) interacting with native microbes. We also found evidence for a primary role of pathogens in feedback-mediated coexistence. By combining results over several independent studies, our results confirm that PSF may play a key role in plant species coexistence, species invasion, and the phylogenetic diversification of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri M Crawford
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan T Bauer
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA.,Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Liza S Comita
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maarten B Eppinga
- Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Environmental Science, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Scott A Mangan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Allan E Strand
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - James Umbanhowar
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James D Bever
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and The Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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21
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Dovrat G, Sheffer E. Symbiotic dinitrogen fixation is seasonal and strongly regulated in water-limited environments. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1866-1877. [PMID: 30299536 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants, especially perennials, growing in drylands and seasonally dry ecosystems are uniquely adapted to dry conditions. Legume shrubs and trees, capable of symbiotic dinitrogen (N2 ) fixation, often dominate in drylands. However, the strategies that allow symbiotic fixation in these ecosystems, and their influence on the nitrogen cycle, are largely unresolved. We evaluated the climatic, biogeochemical and ontogenetic factors influencing nitrogen fixation in an abundant Mediterranean legume shrub, Calicotome villosa. We measured nodulation, fixation rate, nitrogen allocation and soil biogeochemistry in three field sites over a full year. A controlled experiment evaluated differences in plant regulation of fixation as a function of soil nutrient availability and seedling and adult developmental stages. We found a strong seasonal pattern, shifting between high fixation rates during the rainy season at flowering and seed-set times to almost none in the rainless season. Under controlled conditions, plants downregulated fixation in response to soil nitrogen availability, but this response was stronger in seedlings than in adult shrubs. Finally, we did not find elevated soil nitrogen under N2 -fixing shrubs. We conclude that seasonal nitrogen fixation, regulation of fixation, and nitrogen conservation are key adaptations influencing the dominance of dryland legumes in the community, with broader consequences on the ecosystem nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Dovrat
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Natural Resources, Beef Cattle Section, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Efrat Sheffer
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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22
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Mycorrhizal fungal community structure in tropical humid soils under fallow and cropping conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17061. [PMID: 30459316 PMCID: PMC6244078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known to what extent soil biota, in particular, the mycorrhizae are altered through different fallow durations/types in tropical soils. We found that soil-N, -C, -Al, -K and -Ca contents significantly differed due to the fallow durations/types. Subsequently, the effects of fallow types and soil depths on the diversity, species richness and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were examined. A higher AM species richness was identified in the cropping than in forest fallow fields, suggesting a positive cropping feedback on the AM community composition. Distribution of the AM species was positively related to soil properties, specifically soil-pH, and soil-Pi, -Ca and -Mg contents. The soil properties conjointly accounted for 78.5% of explained variation in the AM community composition, signifying that the main factors altering the community structure under different fallow and cropping systems were the soil properties. Among the soil chemical characteristics, the soil-pH disclosed a significant explained variation in the AM community composition in the topsoil layer under the short fallow. Structural modeling equation to understand multiple predictive pathways that connect soil properties, fallow practices and AM community structures indicated that soil-C, -N and -Ca contents were highlighted as important factors influencing the AM community compositions.
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23
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Kulmatiski A, Beard KH, Norton JM, Heavilin JE, Forero LE, Grenzer J. Live long and prosper: plant-soil feedback, lifespan, and landscape abundance covary. Ecology 2018; 98:3063-3073. [PMID: 28880994 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant soil feedbacks (PSFs) are thought to be important to plant growth and species coexistence, but most support for these hypotheses is derived from short-term greenhouse experiments. Here we use a seven-year, common garden experiment to measure PSFs for seven native and six nonnative species common to the western United States. We use these long-term, field-based estimates to test correlations between PSF and plant landscape abundance, species origin, functional type, and lifespan. To assess potential PSF mechanisms, we also measured soil microbial community composition, root biomass, nitrogen cycling, bulk density, penetration resistance, and shear strength. Plant abundance on the landscape and plant lifespan were positively correlated with PSFs, though this effect was due to the relationships for native plants. PSFs were correlated with indices of soil microbial community composition. Soil nutrient and physical traits and root biomass differed among species but were not correlated with PSF. While results must be taken with caution because only 13 species were examined, these species represent most of the dominant plant species in the system. Results suggest that native plant abundance is associated with the ability of long-lived plants to create positive plant-soil microbe interactions, while short-lived nonnative plants maintain dominance by avoiding soil-borne antagonists, increasing nitrogen cycling and dedicating resources to aboveground growth and reproduction rather than to belowground growth. Broadly, results suggest that PSFs are correlated with a suite of traits that determine plant abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kulmatiski
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5230, USA
| | - Karen H Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5230, USA
| | - Jeanette M Norton
- Plants, Soils and Climate Department and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-4820, USA
| | - Justin E Heavilin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
| | - Leslie E Forero
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5230, USA
| | - Josephine Grenzer
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5230, USA
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24
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Knelman JE, Graham EB, Prevéy JS, Robeson MS, Kelly P, Hood E, Schmidt SK. Interspecific Plant Interactions Reflected in Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Nitrogen Cycling in Primary Succession. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:128. [PMID: 29467741 PMCID: PMC5808232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Past research demonstrating the importance plant-microbe interactions as drivers of ecosystem succession has focused on how plants condition soil microbial communities, impacting subsequent plant performance and plant community assembly. These studies, however, largely treat microbial communities as a black box. In this study, we sought to examine how emblematic shifts from early successional Alnus viridus ssp. sinuata (Sitka alder) to late successional Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) in primary succession may be reflected in specific belowground changes in bacterial community structure and nitrogen cycling related to the interaction of these two plants. We examined early successional alder-conditioned soils in a glacial forefield to delineate how alders alter the soil microbial community with increasing dominance. Further, we assessed the impact of late-successional spruce plants on these early successional alder-conditioned microbiomes and related nitrogen cycling through a leachate addition microcosm experiment. We show how increasingly abundant alder select for particular bacterial taxa. Additionally, we found that spruce leachate significantly alters the composition of these microbial communities in large part by driving declines in taxa that are enriched by alder, including bacterial symbionts. We found these effects to be spruce specific, beyond a general leachate effect. Our work also demonstrates a unique influence of spruce on ammonium availability. Such insights bolster theory relating the importance of plant-microbe interactions with late-successional plants and interspecific plant interactions more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Knelman
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Emily B. Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (U.S. Department of Energy), Richland, WA, United States
| | - Janet S. Prevéy
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, The United States Forest Service, Olympia, WA, United States
| | - Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Eran Hood
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Alaska Southeast, Juneau, AK, United States
| | - Steve K. Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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25
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Francioli D, Schulz E, Buscot F, Reitz T. Dynamics of Soil Bacterial Communities Over a Vegetation Season Relate to Both Soil Nutrient Status and Plant Growth Phenology. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 75:216-227. [PMID: 28712045 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-1012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms regulate element cycling and plant nutrition, mediate co-existence of neighbors, and stabilize plant communities. Many of these effects are dependent upon environmental conditions and, in particular, on nutrient quality and availability in soils. In this context, we set up a pot experiment in order to examine the combined effects of soil nutrient availability and microbial communities on plant-soil interactions and to investigate assemblage rules for soil bacterial communities under changed nutrient conditions. Four gamma-sterilized soils, strongly differing in their nutrient contents, were obtained from different fertilization treatments of a centenary field experiment and used to grow communities of grassland plants. The sterilized soils were either self- or cross-inoculated with microbial consortia from the same four soils. Molecular fingerprinting analyses were carried out at several time points in order to identify drivers and underlying processes of microbial community assemblage. We observed that the bacterial communities that developed in the inoculated sterilized soils differed from those in the original soils, displaying dynamic shifts over time. These shifts were illustrated by the appearance of numerous OTUs that had not been detected in the original soils. The community patterns observed in the inoculated treatments suggested that bacterial community assembly was determined by both niche-mediated and stochastic-neutral processes, whereby the relative impacts of these processes changed over the course of the vegetation season. Moreover, our experimental approach allowed us not only to evaluate the effects of soil nutrients on plant performance but also to recognize a negative effect of the microbial community present in the soil that had not been fertilized for more than 100 years on plant biomass. Our findings demonstrate that soil inoculation-based approaches are valid for investigating plant-soil-microbe interactions and for examining rules that shape soil microbial community assemblages under variable ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Francioli
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Elke Schulz
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Reitz
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Pappas ML, Liapoura M, Papantoniou D, Avramidou M, Kavroulakis N, Weinhold A, Broufas GD, Papadopoulou KK. The Beneficial Endophytic Fungus Fusarium solani Strain K Alters Tomato Responses Against Spider Mites to the Benefit of the Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1603. [PMID: 30459791 PMCID: PMC6232530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms are known to promote plant growth and confer resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Soil-borne beneficial microbes in particular have shown potential in protecting plants against pathogens and herbivores via the elicitation of plant responses. In this study, we evaluated the role of Fusarium solani strain K (FsK) in altering plant responses to the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae in tomato. We found evidence that FsK, a beneficial endophytic fungal strain isolated from the roots of tomato plants grown on suppressive compost, affects both direct and indirect tomato defenses against spider mites. Defense-related genes were differentially expressed on FsK-colonized plants after spider mite infestation compared to clean or spider mite-infested un-colonized plants. In accordance, spider mite performance was negatively affected on FsK-colonized plants and feeding damage was lower on these compared to control plants. Notably, FsK-colonization led to increased plant biomass to both spider mite-infested and un-infested plants. FsK was shown to enhance indirect tomato defense as FsK-colonized plants attracted more predators than un-colonized plants. In accordance, headspace volatile analysis revealed significant differences between the volatiles emitted by FsK-colonized plants in response to attack by spider mites. Our results highlight the role of endophytic fungi in shaping plant-mite interactions and may offer the opportunity for the development of a novel tool for spider mite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Pappas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
- *Correspondence: Maria L. Pappas,
| | - Maria Liapoura
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Dimitra Papantoniou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marianna Avramidou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nektarios Kavroulakis
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants & Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization – DEMETER, Chania, Greece
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - George D. Broufas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Kalliope K. Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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27
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Rasmann S, Bennett A, Biere A, Karley A, Guerrieri E. Root symbionts: Powerful drivers of plant above- and belowground indirect defenses. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:947-960. [PMID: 28374534 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal fungi, non-mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above- and belowground herbivores. Plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds (i.e., indirect defenses). In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root- and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these multifaceted interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alison Bennett
- Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Arjen Biere
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alison Karley
- Department of Ecological Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, UK
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Portici, Italy
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28
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Kamutando CN, Vikram S, Kamgan-Nkuekam G, Makhalanyane TP, Greve M, Roux JJL, Richardson DM, Cowan D, Valverde A. Soil nutritional status and biogeography influence rhizosphere microbial communities associated with the invasive tree Acacia dealbata. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6472. [PMID: 28747705 PMCID: PMC5529528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasiveness and the impacts of introduced plants are known to be mediated by plant-microbe interactions. Yet, the microbial communities associated with invasive plants are generally poorly understood. Here we report on the first comprehensive investigation of the bacterial and fungal communities inhabiting the rhizosphere and the surrounding bulk soil of a widespread invasive tree, Acacia dealbata. Amplicon sequencing data indicated that rhizospheric microbial communities differed significantly in structure and composition from those of the bulk soil. Two bacterial (Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria) and two fungal (Pezizomycetes and Agaricomycetes) classes were enriched in the rhizosphere compared with bulk soils. Changes in nutritional status, possibly induced by A. dealbata, primarily shaped rhizosphere soil communities. Despite a high degree of geographic variability in the diversity and composition of microbial communities, invasive A. dealbata populations shared a core of bacterial and fungal taxa, some of which are known to be involved in N and P cycling, while others are regarded as plant pathogens. Shotgun metagenomic analysis also showed that several functional genes related to plant growth promotion were overrepresented in the rhizospheres of A. dealbata. Overall, results suggest that rhizosphere microbes may contribute to the widespread success of this invader in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper N Kamutando
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Surendra Vikram
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gilbert Kamgan-Nkuekam
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michelle Greve
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Don Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Angel Valverde
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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29
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Bauer JT, Blumenthal N, Miller AJ, Ferguson JK, Reynolds HL. Effects of between‐site variation in soil microbial communities and plant‐soil feedbacks on the productivity and composition of plant communities. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T. Bauer
- Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 E. 3rd St. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | | | | | | | - Heather L. Reynolds
- Department of Biology Indiana University 1001 E. 3rd St. Bloomington IN 47405 USA
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30
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Keet JH, Ellis AG, Hui C, Le Roux JJ. Legume-rhizobium symbiotic promiscuity and effectiveness do not affect plant invasiveness. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:1319-1331. [PMID: 28369229 PMCID: PMC5604570 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen is thought to play an important role in the invasion success of legumes. Interactions between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) span a continuum of specialization, and promiscuous legumes are thought to have higher chances of forming effective symbioses in novel ranges. Using Australian Acacia species in South Africa, it was hypothesized that widespread and highly invasive species will be more generalist in their rhizobial symbiotic requirements and more effective in fixing atmospheric nitrogen compared with localized and less invasive species. METHODS To test these hypotheses, eight localized and 11 widespread acacias were examined using next-generation sequencing data for the nodulation gene, nodC , to compare the identity, species richness, diversity and compositional similarity of rhizobia associated with these acacias. Stable isotope analysis was also used to determine levels of nitrogen obtained from the atmosphere via symbiotic nitrogen fixation. KEY RESULTS No differences were found in richness, diversity and community composition between localized and widespread acacias. Similarly, widespread and localized acacias did not differ in their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, for some species by site comparisons, significant differences in δ15N isotopic signatures were found, indicating differential symbiotic effectiveness between these species at specific localities. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results support recent findings that root nodule rhizobial diversity and community composition do not differ between acacias that vary in their invasiveness. Differential invasiveness of acacias in South Africa is probably linked to attributes such as differences in propagule pressure, reasons for (e.g. forestry vs. ornamental) and extent of, plantings in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Keet
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Allan G. Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Mathematical and Physical Biosciences, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town 7945, South Africa
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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31
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Klock MM, Barrett LG, Thrall PH, Harms KE. Differential plant invasiveness is not always driven by host promiscuity with bacterial symbionts. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw060. [PMID: 27535176 PMCID: PMC5018393 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Identification of mechanisms that allow some species to outcompete others is a fundamental goal in ecology and invasive species management. One useful approach is to examine congeners varying in invasiveness in a comparative framework across native and invaded ranges. Acacia species have been widely introduced outside their native range of Australia, and a subset of these species have become invasive in multiple parts of the world. Within specific regions, the invasive status of these species varies. Our study examined whether a key mechanism in the life history of Acacia species, the legume-rhizobia symbiosis, influences acacia invasiveness on a regional scale. To assess the extent to which species varying in invasiveness correspondingly differ with regard to the diversity of rhizobia they associate with, we grew seven Acacia species ranging in invasiveness in California in multiple soils from both their native (Australia) and introduced (California) ranges. In particular, the aim was to determine whether more invasive species formed symbioses with a wider diversity of rhizobial strains (i.e. are more promiscuous hosts). We measured and compared plant performance, including aboveground biomass, survival, and nodulation response, as well as rhizobial community composition and richness. Host promiscuity did not differ among invasiveness categories. Acacia species that varied in invasiveness differed in aboveground biomass for only one soil and did not differ in survival or nodulation within individual soils. In addition, acacias did not differ in rhizobial richness among invasiveness categories. However, nodulation differed between regions and was generally higher in the native than introduced range. Our results suggest that all Acacia species introduced to California are promiscuous hosts and that host promiscuity per se does not explain the observed differences in invasiveness within this region. Our study also highlights the utility of assessing potential mechanisms of invasion in species' native and introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metha M Klock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Luke G Barrett
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter H Thrall
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kyle E Harms
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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32
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Xun W, Xu Z, Li W, Ren Y, Huang T, Ran W, Wang B, Shen Q, Zhang R. Long-term organic-inorganic fertilization ensures great soil productivity and bacterial diversity after natural-to-agricultural ecosystem conversion. J Microbiol 2016; 54:611-617. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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33
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Barrett LG, Zee PC, Bever JD, Miller JT, Thrall PH. Evolutionary history shapes patterns of mutualistic benefit in
Acacia
–rhizobial interactions. Evolution 2016; 70:1473-85. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter C. Zee
- Department of Biology California State University Northridge California 91330
| | - James D. Bever
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas 66045
| | - Joseph T. Miller
- National Research Collections Australia CSIRO National Facilities and Collections Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Division of Environmental Biology National Science Foundation Arlington Virginia 22230
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34
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Bever JD, Mangan SA, Alexander HM. Maintenance of Plant Species Diversity by Pathogens. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Scott A. Mangan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Helen M. Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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35
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Miranda-Sánchez F, Rivera J, Vinuesa P. Diversity patterns ofRhizobiaceaecommunities inhabiting soils, root surfaces and nodules reveal a strong selection of rhizobial partners by legumes. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:2375-91. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Miranda-Sánchez
- Programa de Ingeniería Genómica; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos 62210 Mexico
| | - Javier Rivera
- Programa de Ingeniería Genómica; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos 62210 Mexico
| | - Pablo Vinuesa
- Programa de Ingeniería Genómica; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos 62210 Mexico
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36
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Barberán A, McGuire KL, Wolf JA, Jones FA, Wright SJ, Turner BL, Essene A, Hubbell SP, Faircloth BC, Fierer N. Relating belowground microbial composition to the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional trait distributions of trees in a tropical forest. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1397-405. [PMID: 26472095 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The complexities of the relationships between plant and soil microbial communities remain unresolved. We determined the associations between plant aboveground and belowground (root) distributions and the communities of soil fungi and bacteria found across a diverse tropical forest plot. Soil microbial community composition was correlated with the taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of the aboveground plant assemblages even after controlling for differences in soil characteristics, but these relationships were stronger for fungi than for bacteria. In contrast to expectations, the species composition of roots in our soil core samples was a poor predictor of microbial community composition perhaps due to the patchy, ephemeral, and highly overlapping nature of fine root distributions. Our ability to predict soil microbial composition was not improved by incorporating information on plant functional traits suggesting that the most commonly measured plant traits are not particularly useful for predicting the plot-level variability in belowground microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Barberán
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Krista L McGuire
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Wolf
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Andrew Jones
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Stuart Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Benjamin L Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Adam Essene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen P Hubbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
| | - Brant C Faircloth
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Noah Fierer
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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37
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Influence of Rhizobia Inoculation on Biomass Gain and Tissue Nitrogen Content of Leucaena leucocephala Seedlings under Drought. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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38
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Klock MM, Barrett LG, Thrall PH, Harms KE. Host promiscuity in symbiont associations can influence exotic legume establishment and colonization of novel ranges. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Metha M. Klock
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | | | | | - Kyle E. Harms
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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39
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Sloan SS, Lebeis SL. Exercising influence: distinct biotic interactions shape root microbiomes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 26:32-36. [PMID: 26116973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Root microbiomes are formed from diverse microbial soil settings with extraordinary consistency, suggesting both defined mechanisms of assembly and specific microbial activity. Recent improvements in sequencing technologies, data analysis techniques, and study design, allow definition of the microbiota within these intimate and important relationships with increasing accuracy. Comparing datasets provides powerful insights into the overlap of plant microbiomes, as well as the impacts of surrounding plants and microbes on root microbiomes and long-term soil conditioning. Here we address how recent studies tease apart the impact of various biotic interactions, including: plant-plant, plant-microbe, and microbe-microbe on root microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stuart Sloan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
| | - Sarah L Lebeis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States.
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40
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Li H, Wang X, Liang C, Hao Z, Zhou L, Ma S, Li X, Yang S, Yao F, Jiang Y. Aboveground-belowground biodiversity linkages differ in early and late successional temperate forests. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12234. [PMID: 26184121 PMCID: PMC4505317 DOI: 10.1038/srep12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding ecological linkages between above- and below-ground biota is critical for deepening our knowledge on the maintenance and stability of ecosystem processes. Nevertheless, direct comparisons of plant-microbe diversity at the community level remain scarce due to the knowledge gap between microbial ecology and plant ecology. We compared the α- and β- diversities of plant and soil bacterial communities in two temperate forests that represented early and late successional stages. We documented different patterns of aboveground-belowground diversity relationships in these forests. We observed no linkage between plant and bacterial α-diversity in the early successional forest, and even a negative correlation in the late successional forest, indicating that high bacterial α-diversity is not always linked to high plant α-diversity. Beta-diversity coupling was only found at the late successional stage, while in the early successional forest, the bacterial β-diversity was closely correlated with soil property distances. Additionally, we showed that the dominant competitive tree species in the late successional forest may play key roles in driving forest succession by shaping the soil bacterial community in the early successional stage. This study sheds new light on the potential aboveground-belowground linkage in natural ecosystems, which may help us understand the mechanisms that drive ecosystem succession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Chao Liang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China [2] Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Lisha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Sam Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Computational Biology and Medical Ecology Lab, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Fei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
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41
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Menge DNL, Wolf AA, Funk JL. Diversity of nitrogen fixation strategies in Mediterranean legumes. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15064. [PMID: 27250004 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic N2 fixation (SNF) brings nitrogen into ecosystems, fuelling much of the world's agriculture(1) and sustaining carbon storage(2,3). However, it can also cause nitrogen saturation, exacerbating eutrophication and greenhouse warming(4-7). The balance of these effects depends on the degree to which N2-fixing plants adjust how much N2 they fix based on their needs (their SNF 'strategies')(5,6). Genetic, biochemical and physiological details of SNF are well known for certain economically important species(8,9), but the diversity of N2-fixing plants(10) and bacteria(11) is enormous, and little is known about most N2-fixing symbioses in natural ecosystems(12). Here, we show that co-occurring, closely related herbs exhibit diverse SNF strategies. In response to a nitrogen supply gradient, four species fixed less N2 than they needed (over-regulation), two fixed what they needed (facultative) and two did not downregulate SNF (obligate). No species downregulated but fixed more N2 than it needed (under-regulation or incomplete downregulation), but some species under-regulated or incompletely downregulated structural allocation to SNF. In fact, most species maintained nodules (the root structures that house symbionts) when they did not fix N2, suggesting decoupling of SNF activity and structure. Simulations showed that over-regulation of SNF activity is more adaptive than under-regulation or incomplete downregulation, and that different strategies have wildly different effects on ecosystem-level nitrogen cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan N L Menge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Amelia A Wolf
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer L Funk
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
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42
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Rodriguez A, Sanders IR. The role of community and population ecology in applying mycorrhizal fungi for improved food security. THE ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:1053-61. [PMID: 25350159 PMCID: PMC4409159 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The global human population is expected to reach ∼9 billion by 2050. Feeding this many people represents a major challenge requiring global crop yield increases of up to 100%. Microbial symbionts of plants such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent a huge, but unrealized resource for improving yields of globally important crops, especially in the tropics. We argue that the application of AMF in agriculture is too simplistic and ignores basic ecological principals. To achieve this challenge, a community and population ecology approach can contribute greatly. First, ecologists could significantly improve our understanding of the determinants of the survival of introduced AMF, the role of adaptability and intraspecific diversity of AMF and whether inoculation has a direct or indirect effect on plant production. Second, we call for extensive metagenomics as well as population genomics studies that are crucial to assess the environmental impact that introduction of non-local AMF may have on native AMF communities and populations. Finally, we plead for an ecologically sound use of AMF in efforts to increase food security at a global scale in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Rodriguez
- Soil Microbiology, Faculty of Science, National University of Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ian R Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Weidner S, Koller R, Latz E, Kowalchuk G, Bonkowski M, Scheu S, Jousset A. Bacterial diversity amplifies nutrient‐based plant–soil feedbacks. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Weidner
- Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 83584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Robert Koller
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Zülpicher Str. 47b 50674 Cologne Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences IBG‐2: Plant Sciences 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Ellen Latz
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Ecology Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger‐Str.159 07743 Jena Germany
| | - George Kowalchuk
- Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 83584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Zülpicher Str. 47b 50674 Cologne Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Institute of Environmental Biology Utrecht University Padualaan 83584 CH Utrecht The Netherlands
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology Georg August University Göttingen Berliner Str. 28 37073 Göttingen Germany
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44
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Bever JD. Preferential allocation, physio-evolutionary feedbacks, and the stability and environmental patterns of mutualism between plants and their root symbionts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1503-1514. [PMID: 25561086 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The common occurrence of mutualistic interactions between plants and root symbionts is problematic. As the delivery of benefit to hosts involves costs to symbionts, symbionts that provide reduced benefit to their host are expected to increase in frequency. Plants have been shown to allocate preferentially to the most efficient symbiont and this preferential allocation may stabilize the mutualism. I construct a general model of the interactive feedbacks of host preferential allocation and the dynamics of root symbiont populations to evaluate the stability of nutritional mutualisms. Preferential allocation can promote the evolution of mutualism even when the cost to the symbiont is very large. Moreover, the physiological plasticity of preferential allocation likely leads to coexistence of beneficial and nonbeneficial symbionts. For arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which facilitate plant uptake of phosphorus (P), the model predicts greater P transfer from these fungi per unit carbon invested with decreasing concentrations of soil P and with increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 , patterns that have been observed in laboratory and field studies. This framework connects physiological plasticity in plant allocation to population processes that determine mutualism stability and, as such, represents a significant step in understanding the stability and environmental patterns in mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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45
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Liao H, Luo W, Peng S, Callaway RM. Plant diversity, soil biota and resistance to exotic invasion. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huixuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration of National Environmental Protection; The Northeast Normal University; Changchun 130117 China
| | - Shaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol; School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems; The University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
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Different effects of transgenic maize and nontransgenic maize on nitrogen-transforming archaea and bacteria in tropical soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6437-45. [PMID: 25107970 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01778-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the rhizosphere microbiome is a result of interactions between plant roots, soil, and environmental conditions. The impact of genetic variation in plant species on the composition of the root-associated microbiota remains poorly understood. This study assessed the abundances and structures of nitrogen-transforming (ammonia-oxidizing) archaea and bacteria as well as nitrogen-fixing bacteria driven by genetic modification of their maize host plants. The data show that significant changes in the abundances (revealed by quantitative PCR) of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and archaeal communities occurred as a result of the maize host being genetically modified. In contrast, the structures of the total communities (determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) were mainly driven by factors such as soil type and season and not by plant genotype. Thus, the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial and archaeal communities but not structures of those communities were revealed to be responsive to changes in maize genotype, allowing the suggestion that community abundances should be explored as candidate bioindicators for monitoring the possible impacts of cultivation of genetically modified plants.
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Pellissier L, Niculita-Hirzel H, Dubuis A, Pagni M, Guex N, Ndiribe C, Salamin N, Xenarios I, Goudet J, Sanders IR, Guisan A. Soil fungal communities of grasslands are environmentally structured at a regional scale in the Alps. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4274-90. [PMID: 25041483 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Studying patterns of species distributions along elevation gradients is frequently used to identify the primary factors that determine the distribution, diversity and assembly of species. However, despite their crucial role in ecosystem functioning, our understanding of the distribution of below-ground fungi is still limited, calling for more comprehensive studies of fungal biogeography along environmental gradients at various scales (from regional to global). Here, we investigated the richness of taxa of soil fungi and their phylogenetic diversity across a wide range of grassland types along a 2800 m elevation gradient at a large number of sites (213), stratified across a region of the Western Swiss Alps (700 km(2)). We used 454 pyrosequencing to obtain fungal sequences that were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTU diversity-area relationship revealed uneven distribution of fungal taxa across the study area (i.e. not all taxa are everywhere) and fine-scale spatial clustering. Fungal richness and phylogenetic diversity were found to be higher in lower temperatures and higher moisture conditions. Climatic and soil characteristics as well as plant community composition were related to OTU alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity, with distinct fungal lineages suggesting distinct ecological tolerances. Soil fungi, thus, show lineage-specific biogeographic patterns, even at a regional scale, and follow environmental determinism, mediated by interactions with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pellissier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ehinger M, Mohr TJ, Starcevich JB, Sachs JL, Porter SS, Simms EL. Specialization-generalization trade-off in a Bradyrhizobium symbiosis with wild legume hosts. BMC Ecol 2014; 14:8. [PMID: 24641813 PMCID: PMC4021497 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-14-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specialized interactions help structure communities, but persistence of specialized organisms is puzzling because a generalist can occupy more environments and partake in more beneficial interactions. The "Jack-of-all-trades is a master of none" hypothesis asserts that specialists persist because the fitness of a generalist utilizing a particular habitat is lower than that of a specialist adapted to that habitat. Yet, there are many reasons to expect that mutualists will generalize on partners.Plant-soil feedbacks help to structure plant and microbial communities, but how frequently are soil-based symbiotic mutualistic interactions sufficiently specialized to influence species distributions and community composition? To address this question, we quantified realized partner richness and phylogenetic breadth of four wild-grown native legumes (Lupinus bicolor, L. arboreus, Acmispon strigosus and A. heermannii) and performed inoculation trials to test the ability of two hosts (L. bicolor and A. strigosus) to nodulate (fundamental partner richness), benefit from (response specificity), and provide benefit to (effect specificity) 31 Bradyrhizobium genotypes. RESULTS In the wild, each Lupinus species hosted a broader genetic range of Bradyrhizobium than did either Acmispon species, suggesting that Acmispon species are more specialized. In the greenhouse, however, L. bicolor and A. strigosus did not differ in fundamental association specificity: all inoculated genotypes nodulated both hosts. Nevertheless, A. strigosus exhibited more specificity, i.e., greater variation in its response to, and effect on, Bradyrhizobium genotypes. Lupinus bicolor benefited from a broader range of genotypes but averaged less benefit from each. Both hosts obtained more fitness benefit from symbionts isolated from conspecific hosts; those symbionts in turn gained greater fitness benefit from hosts of the same species from which they were isolated. CONCLUSIONS This study affirmed two important tenets of evolutionary theory. First, as predicted by the Jack-of-all-trades is a master of none hypothesis, specialist A. strigosus obtained greater benefit from its beneficial symbionts than did generalist L. bicolor. Second, as predicted by coevolutionary theory, each test species performed better with partner genotypes isolated from conspecifics. Finally, positive fitness feedback between the tested hosts and symbionts suggests that positive plant-soil feedback could contribute to their patchy distributions in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Ehinger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Toni J Mohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Joel L Sachs
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Institute of Integrative Genomic Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie S Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ellen L Simms
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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49
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50
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Bissett A, Brown MV, Siciliano SD, Thrall PH. Microbial community responses to anthropogenically induced environmental change: towards a systems approach. Ecol Lett 2013; 16 Suppl 1:128-39. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bissett
- CSIRO Plant Industry; PO Box 1600; Canberra; 2601; Australia
| | - Mark V. Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and Ecology and Evolution Research Center; University of New South Wales; Sydney; 2052; Austraila
| | | | - Peter H. Thrall
- CSIRO Plant Industry; PO Box 1600; Canberra; 2601; Australia
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