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Roberts WR, Siepielski AM, Alverson AJ. Diatom abundance in the polar oceans is predicted by genome size. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002733. [PMID: 39116044 PMCID: PMC11309476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A principal goal in ecology is to identify the determinants of species abundances in nature. Body size has emerged as a fundamental and repeatable predictor of abundance, with smaller organisms occurring in greater numbers than larger ones. A biogeographic component, known as Bergmann's rule, describes the preponderance, across taxonomic groups, of larger-bodied organisms in colder areas. Although undeniably important, the extent to which body size is the key trait underlying these patterns is unclear. We explored these questions in diatoms, unicellular algae of global importance for their roles in carbon fixation and energy flow through marine food webs. Using a phylogenomic dataset from a single lineage with worldwide distribution, we found that body size (cell volume) was strongly correlated with genome size, which varied by 50-fold across species and was driven by differences in the amount of repetitive DNA. However, directional models identified temperature and genome size, not cell size, as having the greatest influence on maximum population growth rate. A global metabarcoding dataset further identified genome size as a strong predictor of species abundance in the ocean, but only in colder regions at high and low latitudes where diatoms with large genomes dominated, a pattern consistent with Bergmann's rule. Although species abundances are shaped by myriad interacting abiotic and biotic factors, genome size alone was a remarkably strong predictor of abundance. Taken together, these results highlight the cascading cellular and ecological consequences of macroevolutionary changes in an emergent trait, genome size, one of the most fundamental and irreducible properties of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade R. Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Adam M. Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Alverson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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2
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Ahuatzin-Hernández JM, Morrone JJ, Vidal-Martínez VM. Biotic assemblages of gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters: An evolutionary biogeographic approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307933. [PMID: 39074105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Gelatinous zooplankton constitutes a polyphyletic group with a convergent evolutionary history and poorly known biogeographical patterns. In the Gulf of Mexico, a region with complex geological, hydrological, and biotic histories, the study of this group has been limited to taxonomical and ecological aspects. In this study, we implemented a track analysis to identify distributional patterns of gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters based on a dataset of 6067 occurrence records corresponding to Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Ctenophora, Chaetognatha, Thaliacea, and Appendicularia. Information was compiled from the Global Biodiversity Facility Information (GBIF) and Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) databases and peer-reviewed literature. Individual tracks were constructed by joining the minimum distance between the occurrence localities of each taxon using a minimum spanning tree algorithm. We identified generalized tracks using parsimony analysis of endemicity with progressive character elimination (PAE-PCE). The areas where different generalized tracks overlapped were considered to represent panbiogeographical nodes. Seven generalized tracks (two with nested patterns) and six panbiogeographical nodes were recognized, mainly in neritic zones. The distributional patterns of gelatinous zooplankton allowed us to identify four biogeographic areas, supporting previously proposed biogeographic schemes. Gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Mexico showed a convergent spatial distribution that can be explained by vicariant and dispersal events. The historical biogeography of the gelatinous biotas of the Gulf of Mexico has been little studied compared to ecological approaches, and the lack of integrative studies considering historical patterns is evident. This type of research is fundamental to understanding the evolutionary history of natural resources from a spatial perspective, identifying sites of biodiversity and endemism, and establishing a biogeographic baseline of the region for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan J Morrone
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Museo de Zoología 'Alfonso L. Herrera', Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
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3
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Pérez-Aragón M, Escribano R, Rivera R, Hidalgo P. Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306440. [PMID: 38991030 PMCID: PMC11238982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Basin-scale patterns of biodiversity for zooplankton in the ocean may provide valuable insights for understanding the impact of climate change and global warming on the marine ecosystem. However, studies on this topic remain scarce or unavailable in vast regions of the world ocean, particularly in large regions where the amount and quality of available data are limited. In this study, we used a 27-year (1993-2019) database on species occurrence of planktonic copepods in the South Pacific, along with associated oceanographic variables, to examine their spatial patterns of biodiversity in the upper 200 m of the ocean. The aim of this study was to identify ecological regions and the environmental predictors explaining such patterns. It was found that hot and cold spots of diversity, and distinctive species assemblages were linked to major ocean currents and large regions over the basin, with increasing species richness over the subtropical areas on the East and West sides of the South Pacific. While applying the spatial models, we showed that the best environmental predictors for diversity and species composition were temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a concentration, oxygen concentration, and the residual autocorrelation. Nonetheless, the observed spatial patterns and derived environmental effects were found to be strongly influenced by sampling coverage over space and time, revealing a highly under-sampled basin. Our findings provide an assessment of copepods diversity patterns and their potential drivers for the South Pacific Ocean, but they also stress the need for strengthening the data bases of planktonic organisms, as they can act as suitable indicators of ecosystem response to climate change at basin scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pérez-Aragón
- Doctoral Program of Oceanography, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ruben Escribano
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Oceanography, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Rivera
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Hidalgo
- Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Oceanography, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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4
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Reyes-Martínez MJ, Miró JM, Vicente L, Megina C, Donázar-Aramendía I, García-Gómez JC, González-Gordillo JI. Mesozooplankton assemblage in the gulf of cádiz estuaries: Taxonomic and trait-based approaches. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106554. [PMID: 38754152 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, two different approaches based on taxonomic assemblages and on copepod functional groups were used to investigate the mesozooplankton assemblage structure and its relationship with environmental variables in the main estuaries of the Gulf of Cádiz (Guadalquivir, Guadiana and Tinto-Odiel) during the dry-warm season. In general, the mesozooplankton assemblages were dominated by copepods, especially the calanoid Acartia tonsa, which reached its highest abundance in the inner zones while the adjacent coastal zones were characterized by a mixture of copepods and cladocerans, especially Penilia avirostris. Regarding the trait-based approach, three copepod functional groups were identified, principally sorted by their feeding strategy. Group 1 (composed of omnivorous copepods displaying a mixed feeding strategy and broadcast-spawners) was found mainly in the inner areas, while Groups 2 (omnivorous cyclopoids, sac-spawners that feed via active ambush) and 3 (herbivores-omnivores employing a filter feeding strategy and mostly broadcast-spawners) were predominant in the adjacent coastal zones. The relative abundance of copepod functional groups suggested that Group 1 could be considered the most important contributor to secondary production in the estuarine systems of the Gulf of Cádiz. In relation to environmental factors, salinity was the most influential variable on mesozooplankton assemblages in both approaches. Our results suggest that the studied estuaries, although taxonomically different, have mesozooplankton assemblages that perform similar ecological functions. Both methods provide valuable and complementary information about mesozooplankton assemblage dynamics in the main estuaries of the Gulf of Cádiz.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Reyes-Martínez
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J M Miró
- Laboratorio Biología Marina, Seville Aquarium R+D+I Biological Research Area., Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - L Vicente
- Laboratorio Biología Marina, Seville Aquarium R+D+I Biological Research Area., Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - C Megina
- Biodiversidad y Ecología Acuática, Seville Aquarium R+D+I Biological Research Area, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Donázar-Aramendía
- Laboratorio Biología Marina, Seville Aquarium R+D+I Biological Research Area., Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J C García-Gómez
- Laboratorio Biología Marina, Seville Aquarium R+D+I Biological Research Area., Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J I González-Gordillo
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Zhu Y, Mulholland MR, Bernhardt PW, Neeley AR, Widner B, Tapia AM, Echevarria MA. Nitrogen uptake rates and phytoplankton composition across contrasting North Atlantic Ocean coastal regimes north and south of Cape Hatteras. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1380179. [PMID: 38784802 PMCID: PMC11113559 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1380179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding nitrogen (N) uptake rates respect to nutrient availability and the biogeography of phytoplankton communities is crucial for untangling the complexities of marine ecosystems and the physical, biological, and chemical forces shaping them. In the summer of 2016, we conducted measurements of bulk microbial uptake rates for six 15N-labeled substrates: nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, urea, cyanate, and dissolve free amino acids across distinct marine provinces, including the continental shelf of the Mid-and South Atlantic Bights (MAB and SAB), the Slope Sea, and the Gulf Stream, marking the first instance of simultaneously measuring six different N uptake rates in this dynamic region. Total measured N uptake rates were lowest in the Gulf Stream followed by the SAB. Notably, the MAB exhibited significantly higher N uptake rates compared to the SAB, likely due to the excess levels of pre-existing phosphorus present in the MAB. Together, urea and nitrate uptake contributed approximately 50% of the total N uptake across the study region. Although cyanate uptake rates were consistently low, they accounted for up to 11% of the total measured N uptake at some Gulf Stream stations. Phytoplankton groups were identified based on specific pigment markers, revealing a dominance of diatoms in the shelf community, while Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, and pico-eukaryotes dominated in oligotrophic Gulf Stream waters. The reported uptake rates in this study were mostly in agreement with previous studies conducted in coastal waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. This study suggests there are distinct regional patterns of N uptake in this physically dynamic region, correlating with nutrient availability and phytoplankton community composition. These findings contribute valuable insights into the intricate interplay of biological and chemical factors shaping N dynamics in disparate marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, United States
| | - Margaret R. Mulholland
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Peter W. Bernhardt
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | | | - Brittany Widner
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Alfonso Macías Tapia
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
- Office of Education, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael A. Echevarria
- Department of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
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6
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Diver P, Ward BA, Cunliffe M. Physiological and morphological plasticity in response to nitrogen availability of a yeast widely distributed in the open ocean. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae053. [PMID: 38599628 PMCID: PMC11062419 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are prevalent in the open ocean, yet we have limited understanding of their ecophysiological adaptations, including their response to nitrogen availability, which can have a major role in determining the ecological potential of other planktonic microbes. In this study, we characterized the nitrogen uptake capabilities and growth responses of marine-occurring yeasts. Yeast isolates from the North Atlantic Ocean were screened for growth on diverse nitrogen substrates, and across a concentration gradient of three environmentally relevant nitrogen substrates: nitrate, ammonium, and urea. Three strains grew with enriched nitrate while two did not, demonstrating that nitrate utilization is present but not universal in marine yeasts, consistent with existing knowledge of nonmarine yeast strains. Naganishia diffluens MBA_F0213 modified the key functional trait of cell size in response to nitrogen concentration, suggesting yeast cell morphology changes along chemical gradients in the marine environment. Meta-analysis of the reference DNA barcode in public databases revealed that the genus Naganishia has a global ocean distribution, strengthening the environmental applicability of the culture-based observations. This study provides novel quantitative understanding of the ecophysiological and morphological responses of marine-derived yeasts to variable nitrogen availability in vitro, providing insight into the functional ecology of yeasts within pelagic open ocean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Diver
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Ben A Ward
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cunliffe
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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7
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Grillo M, Bonello G, Cecchetto M, Guzzi A, Noli N, Cometti V, Schiaparelli S. Planktonic, benthic and sympagic copepods collected from the desalination unit of Mario Zucchelli Research Station in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e119633. [PMID: 38606183 PMCID: PMC11008244 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e119633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Distributional data on planktonic, benthic and sympagic copepods collected in the framework of the XXXIVth Expeditions of the Italian National Antarctic Programme (PNRA) to the Ross Sea sector from 2018-2019 are here provided. These occurrences correspond to specimens collected from the 25 μm filters used in the desalination plant of the Italian research station "Mario Zucchelli" (MZS), located in the Terra Nova Bay area (TNB; Ross Sea, Antarctica). This dataset is a contribution to the Antarctic Biodiversity Portal, the thematic Antarctic node for both the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (AntOBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility Antarctic Biodiversity Information Facility (ANTABIF). The dataset was uploaded and integrated with the SCAR-AntOBIS database (the geospatial component of SCAR-MarBIN). Please follow the guidelines from the SCAR Data Policy (ISSN 1998-0337) when using the data. If you have any questions regarding this dataset, please contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or via data-biodiversity-aq@naturalsciences.be. Issues with the dataset can be reported at the biodiversity-aq GitHub project. New information We describe the diversity of marine copepods Terra Nova Bay sampled by the filters installed in the desalination unit (DU) of the Italian research station "Mario Zucchelli" described in recent work. The opening of the intake pipe of the DU is positioned at a depth of 4 m and allowed a total of 2,116 specimens to be sampled and recognised. In addition, new occurrence records of copepod genera and species are reported in the same zone. We provide an overview of the marine copepod diversity reported for TNB. The total of 2,116 individuals corresponds to 14 genera and 15 species and is represented by 136 occurrence records in this dataset. Around 52% of the total number of species are new records for the TNB area. The publication of this data paper was funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, contract n°FR/36/AN1/AntaBIS) in the Framework of EU-Lifewatch as a contribution to the SCAR Antarctic biodiversity portal (biodiversity.aq).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grillo
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa), Genoa, ItalyItalian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa)GenoaItaly
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment (DSFTA) - University of Siena, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment (DSFTA) - University of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Guido Bonello
- GeoScape Society Cooperative, Genoa, ItalyGeoScape Society CooperativeGenoaItaly
| | - Matteo Cecchetto
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa), Genoa, ItalyItalian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa)GenoaItaly
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV) - University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV) - University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Alice Guzzi
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa), Genoa, ItalyItalian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa)GenoaItaly
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV) - University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV) - University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Nicholas Noli
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa), Genoa, ItalyItalian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa)GenoaItaly
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment (DSFTA) - University of Siena, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment (DSFTA) - University of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Valentina Cometti
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa), Genoa, ItalyItalian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa)GenoaItaly
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment (DSFTA) - University of Siena, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment (DSFTA) - University of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Stefano Schiaparelli
- Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa), Genoa, ItalyItalian National Antarctic Museum (MNA, section of Genoa)GenoaItaly
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV) - University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV) - University of GenoaGenoaItaly
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Perhirin M, Gossner H, Godfrey J, Johnson R, Blanco-Bercial L, Ayata SD. Morphological and taxonomic diversity of mesozooplankton is an important driver of carbon export fluxes in the ocean. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13907. [PMID: 38037519 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesozooplankton is a very diverse group of small animals ranging in size from 0.2 to 20 mm not able to swim against ocean currents. It is a key component of pelagic ecosystems through its roles in the trophic networks and the biological carbon pump. Traditionally studied through microscopes, recent methods have been however developed to rapidly acquire large amounts of data (morphological, molecular) at the individual scale, making it possible to study mesozooplankton using a trait-based approach. Here, combining quantitative imaging with metabarcoding time-series data obtained in the Sargasso Sea at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site, we showed that organisms' transparency might be an important trait to also consider regarding mesozooplankton impact on carbon export, contrary to the common assumption that just size is the master trait directing most mesozooplankton-linked processes. Three distinct communities were defined based on taxonomic composition, and succeeded one another throughout the study period, with changing levels of transparency among the community. A co-occurrences' network was built from metabarcoding data revealing six groups of taxa. These were related to changes in the functioning of the ecosystem and/or in the community's morphology. The importance of Diel Vertical Migration at BATS was confirmed by the existence of a group made of taxa known to be strong migrators. Finally, we assessed if metabarcoding can provide a quantitative approach to biomass and/or abundance of certain taxa. Knowing more about mesozooplankton diversity and its impact on ecosystem functioning would allow to better represent them in biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Perhirin
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7159 CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN-IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Hannah Gossner
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Arizona State University, St. Georges, Bermuda
| | - Jessica Godfrey
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Arizona State University, St. Georges, Bermuda
| | - Rodney Johnson
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, Arizona State University, St. Georges, Bermuda
| | | | - Sakina-Dorothée Ayata
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7159 CNRS-IRD-MNHN, LOCEAN-IPSL, Paris, France
- Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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9
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Dos Santos A, Marques R, Pires RF. Zooplankton biodiversity and temporal dynamics (2005-2015) in a coastal station in western Portugal (Northeastern Atlantic Ocean). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16387. [PMID: 38025690 PMCID: PMC10668806 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term monitoring of zooplankton assemblages provides essential knowledge to assess key factors impacting marine ecosystems. Despite the importance of this type of data, monitoring stations worldwide are spatially and temporally limited due to the difficulty of maintaining them. In the northeastern Atlantic area, Cascais-Watch is one monitoring site operating since 2005, despite some constraints throughout the years, and has allowed the collection of important data on the zooplankton communities of the area. The present work summarizes the knowledge collected until 2015 on the biodiversity and dynamics of zooplankton in the site. The results showed a year-round high productivity of the zooplankton abundance, biomass and diversity for the area, with no significant general trends or periodicity, despite the relatively lower winter and higher spring values. The results revealed two main transition periods with marked changes in species composition and dominance of the most abundant taxa. This shift was tentatively attributed to the extended annual dry season verified in Portugal after 2011, the low values of upwelling and precipitation, and the warmer waters. The zooplankton abundance presented an interannual increase for spring periods, and the proportion of Copepoda, the dominant taxa, was lower during summer months, corresponding to increased abundances of Mollusca, Diplostraca (Cladocera) and Cnidaria. In particular, the study shows an increasing abundance of the gelatinous species (particularly Cnidaria) for spring/summer months in recent years, suggesting changes in primary production and prey dynamics. Other relevant tendencies were the higher abundance of meroplankton, such as Bivalvia and fish larvae/eggs, and the decreasing trend in the abundance of the meroplanktonic coastal crustaceans, Decapoda and Cirripedia taxa, highlighting possible changes in the benthic coastal populations in the study region. The present study highlights probable changes and trends in the zooplankton community that should be monitored in the following years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Dos Santos
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Algés, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | | | - Rita F.T. Pires
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere, Algés, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Matosinhos, Portugal
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10
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An L, Yan YC, Tian HL, Chi CQ, Nie Y, Wu XL. Roles of sulfate-reducing bacteria in sustaining the diversity and stability of marine bacterial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218828. [PMID: 37637129 PMCID: PMC10448053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes play central roles in ocean food webs and global biogeochemical processes. Yet, the information available regarding the highly diverse bacterial communities in these systems is not comprehensive. Here we investigated the diversity, assembly process, and species coexistence frequency of bacterial communities in seawater and sediment across ∼600 km of the eastern Chinese marginal seas using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Our analyses showed that compared with seawater, bacterial communities in sediment possessed higher diversity and experienced tight phylogenetic distribution. Neutral model analysis showed that the relative contribution of stochastic processes to the assembly process of bacterial communities in sediment was lower than that in seawater. Functional prediction results showed that sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were enriched in the core bacterial sub-communities. The bacterial diversities of both sediment and seawater were positively associated with the relative abundance of SRB. Co-occurrence analysis showed that bacteria in seawater exhibited a more complex interaction network and closer co-occurrence relationships than those in sediment. The SRB of seawater were centrally located in the network and played an essential role in sustaining the complex network. In addition, further analysis indicated that the SRB of seawater helped maintain the high stability of the bacterial network. Overall, this study provided further comprehensive information regarding the characteristics of bacterial communities in the ocean, and provides new insights into keystone taxa and their roles in sustaining microbial diversity and stability in ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun An
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Chun Yan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Long Tian
- College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chang-Qiao Chi
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Nie
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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11
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Wei Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Qu K, Sun J, Cui Z. Key determinants controlling the seasonal variation of coastal zooplankton communities: A case study along the Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115175. [PMID: 37348278 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Zooplankton play key top-down and bottom-up regulatory roles in aquatic food webs, and are also ecologically indicative in marine ecosystems. However, there are relatively limited data on the effects of environmental changes on natural zooplankton communities, especially in coastal ecosystems. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the potential effects of various environmental variables, such as temperature, salinity, and nutrients, on the zooplankton communities along the coastal Yellow Sea during spring, summer, and fall. The results showed that the average abundance of zooplankton decreased in general from spring to autumn, but the biomass exhibited a different seasonal variation trend, with the highest in summer and the lowest in fall. Throughout the three seasons, copepods were the most dominant species within the zooplankton communities, followed by Pelagic larvae and Hydromedusae. However, Noctiluca miliaris accounted for a large proportion of zooplankton abundance during spring. Moreover, the correlation analysis was applied to explore the potential effects of environmental factors on the seasonal variation of zooplankton communities. The results showed that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and salinity were significantly correlated with zooplankton abundance and biomass during spring. The implication is that high phytoplankton biomass (expressed as Chl a) and salinity would benefit the growth of zooplankton in spring. During summer and fall, the effects of dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) on the zooplankton abundance and biomass showed a significant positive correlation, indicating that zooplankton were better able to tolerate high DIP during summer and fall. Taken together, Chl a, salinity, and DIP may be the key determinants controlling the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton communities in the coastal Yellow Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xueyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Qingdao Marine Management Support Center, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Keming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou 511462, China.
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
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12
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Ye M, Xiao M, Zhang S, Huang J, Lin J, Lu Y, Liang S, Zhao J, Dai X, Xu L, Li M, Zhou Y, Overmans S, Xia J, Jin P. Multi-trait analysis reveals large interspecific differences for phytoplankton in response to thermal change. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106008. [PMID: 37121174 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the responses of multiple traits in phytoplankton, and identifying interspecific variabilities to thermal changes is crucial for predicting the impacts of ocean warming on phytoplankton distributions and community structures in future scenarios. Here, we applied a trait-based approach by examining the patterns in multi-traits variations (eight traits) and interspecific variabilities in five phytoplankton species (two diatoms, three dinoflagellates) in response to a wide range of ecologically relevant temperatures (14-30 °C). Our results show large inter-traits and interspecific variabilities of thermal reaction norms in all of the tested traits. We also found that the interspecific variability exceeded the variations induced by thermal changes. Constrained variations and trade-offs between traits both revealed substantial interspecific differences and shifted as the temperature changed. Our study helps to understand the species-specific response patterns of multiple traits to ocean warming and to investigate the implications of these responses in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shufei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Leyao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingke Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunyue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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13
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Paul P, Patil JS, Anil AC. Variability in phytoplankton shape dominance in marine pelagic systems: prevalence of different adaptive strategies in the eastern Arabian Sea during the winter monsoon. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:528. [PMID: 37000347 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton communities from pelagic systems were assessed to explore the potential of using commonly used traits (such as cell geometry and taxa) as ecological function indicators from the data generated during the winter monsoon in the eastern Arabian Sea (AS). Altogether, data from two oceanic, i.e., convective mixing influenced non-oligotrophic northeastern-AS (NEAS-O) and Rossby wave-influenced oligotrophic southeastern-AS (SEAS-O) and one coastal (NEAS-C) cruises were utilized to decipher the ecological inferences. Overall phytoplankton shapes showed a high level of redundancy by selecting only a few dominant shapes (5 of 22 shapes), though taxonomic diversity was rich (164 species). The taxonomic and morphological approach adopted revealed high species and shape diversity in NEAS-O than in high-abundance NEAS-C and low-abundance SEAS-O. Also, the shape diversity and dominant shapes (cylinder, elliptic-prism, and prism-on-parallelogram) remained the same in oceans than NEAS-C where combined (cylinder + 2 half-sphere) and simple (elliptic-prism) shapes dominated. Additionally, the Rossby-wave front and its reminiscence in SEAS-O and sea-surface-temperature fronts in NEAS-C favored simple and combine shaped phytoplankton, respectively. The morphological properties assessment revealed that the dominant shapes adapted the strategy to conserve the optimal surface-to-volume ratio (S:V) irrespective of changes in greatest-axial-linear-dimension (GALD) in NEAS-O and SEAS-O but not in NEAS-C. However, the dominant shapes in the NEAS-O and SEAS-O opted for high S:V with low GALD and low S:V with high GALD, respectively, while high S:V with no relation with GALD in NEAS-C suggests the prevalence of different adaptive strategies to cope with the respective hydrographic conditions, particularly nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranoy Paul
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
- School of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Taleigao, 403 206, Goa, India
| | - Jagadish S Patil
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India.
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14
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Zhang Z, Chen H, Li Y, Ge R, Liu G, Ali S, Zhuang Y. Trait-based approach revealed the seasonal variation of mesozooplankton functional groups in the South Yellow Sea. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:126-140. [PMID: 37073327 PMCID: PMC10077163 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-022-00156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits determine the fitness of organisms and mirror their ecological functions. Although trait-based approaches provide ecological insights, it is underexploited for marine zooplankton, particularly with respect to seasonal variation. Here, based on four major functional traits, including body length, feeding type, trophic group, and reproduction mode, we quantified the seasonal variations of mesozooplankton functional groups in the South Yellow Sea (SYS) in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2018. Strong seasonal dynamics were identified for all traits but patterns varied among traits. Small zooplankton (47.7-88.6%), omnivores-herbivores (81.3-97.6%), and free spawners (54.8-92.5%) dominated in three seasons, while ambush feeders and current feeders dominated in spring (45.7%), and autumn (73.4%), respectively. Cluster analysis of the functional traits showed that the mesozooplankton in the SYS can be classified into eight functional groups. The biogeographic and seasonal variations of functional groups can be partially explained by environmental drivers. Group 1, represented by omnivores-herbivores, was the most dominant functional group, the abundance of which peaked in spring and was positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration, indicating its close association with phytoplankton dynamics. The contribution of giant, active ambush carnivores, passive ambush carnivore jellyfish, current omnivores-detritivores, and parthenogenetic cladocerans increased with sea surface temperature. The proportion of giant, active ambush carnivores and active ambush omnivore-carnivore copepods decreased with salinity in autumn. This study presents a new perspective for understanding the dynamics of zooplankton and paves the way for further research on the functional diversity of zooplankton in the SYS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-022-00156-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Hongju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200 China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Ruping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
| | - Guangxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200 China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, 15100 Pakistan
| | - Yunyun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100 China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200 China
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15
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Community Structure and Abiotic Characteristics of Pelagic Microalgal in Adjacent Areas of the Barents Sea and Kara Sea. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to confirm the hypothesis of a floristic identity between the southeastern Barents Sea and the southwestern Kara Sea. We conducted integrated studies of pelagic microalgae communities including microscope cell counting and taxonomical identification as well as photosynthetic pigments determination and defining of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics during a cruise in late August and the first half of September 2020. As far as we are concerned, no such observations had been carried out in this region at this time of the year before. During our observations, 35 species were identified, 14 (40%) of which were present in both water bodies. The communities of both regions were in a state corresponding to the autumn stage of the annual succession cycle. In the southeastern Barents Sea, the mean abundance of organisms in the water column varied from 10.650 to 41.840 cells per liter with a biomass of 71.04 to 300.55 µg/L. In the southwestern Kara Sea, these values were 3.510–28.420 cell/L and 16.31–66.96 µg/L, respectively. In general, the results of a comparative analysis suggest that the pelagic algal communities in the regions under comparison, despite the difference in hydrological parameters, demonstrate similar qualitative and quantitative characteristics and thus may belong to the same phytogeographic region.
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16
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Wei Y, Ding D, Gu T, Jiang T, Qu K, Sun J, Cui Z. Different responses of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities to current changing coastal environments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114426. [PMID: 36162471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine plankton are faced with novel challenges associated with environmental changes such as ocean acidification, warming, and eutrophication. However, data on the effects of simultaneous environmental changes on complex natural communities in coastal ecosystems are relatively limited. Here we made a systematic analysis of biological and environmental parameters in the Bohai Sea over the past three years to suggest that plankton communities responded differently to current changing coastal environments, with the increase of phytoplankton and the decrease of zooplankton. These different changes of phyto- and zooplankton potentially resulted from the fact that both the effect of acidification as a result of pH decline and the effect of warming as a consequence of increasing temperature favored phytoplankton over zooplankton at present. Furthermore, water eutrophication and salinity as well as heavy metals Hg, Zn, and As had more or less diverse consequences for the dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Differently, with ongoing climate change, we also revealed that both phytoplankton and zooplankton would decrease in the future under the influence of interactions between acidification and warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dongsheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, 511462, China; Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Keming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Institute for Advanced Marine Research, China University of Geosciences, Guangzhou, 511462, China; Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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17
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The Stability of Phyto-Zooplanktonic Networks Varied with Zooplanktonic Sizes in Chinese Coastal Ecosystem. mSystems 2022; 7:e0082122. [PMID: 36200770 PMCID: PMC9599403 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00821-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The linkages between phytoplankton and zooplankton are crucial for the stability of complex food webs and the flow of energy within the marine ecosystem. Despite body size exhibiting multiple effects on the planktonic community assembly and the dispersal scale, its role in determining the stability of phyto-zooplanktonic co-occurrence patterns remains unclear. Here, we focused on more than 13,000 kilometers of the Chinese coast to study the diatom-dominated plankton ecosystem and to report the significant negative effects of zooplanktonic body sizes on the topological properties of phyto-zooplanktonic networks (PZNs) by using more than 500 species from 251 samples taken along the coastline. PZNs tended to be more complex and stable when phytoplankton associated with smaller zooplankton. Particularly, the subnetworks of dominant phytoplankton displayed differences with different zooplanktonic body sizes. The zooplankton with larger and smaller body sizes tended to interact with dinoflagellates and diatoms, respectively. Additionally, abiotic factors (i.e., water temperature, pH, salinity, and metal concentrations) displayed significant effects on PZNs via the shifting of zooplanktonic composition, and the zooplanktonic body sizes altered the network modules' associations with different environmental factors. Our study elucidated the general relationship between zooplanktonic body sizes and the stability of PZNs, which provides new insights into marine food webs. IMPORTANCE Body size is a key life trait of aquatic plankton that affects organisms' metabolic rates and ecological functions; however, its specific effects on interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton are poorly understood. We collected planktonic species and their body size data along more than 13,000 kilometers of coastline to explore the role of zooplanktonic body size in maintaining the stability of phyto-zooplanktonic networks (PZNs). We found that zooplankton play a more important role in maintaining PZN stability than do phytoplankton as well as that the PZN would be more complex and stable with smaller zooplankton. Furthermore, this work revealed that body size significantly determined the relationships between environmental factors and network structure. Overall, these findings lay a general relationship between zooplanktonic body sizes and the stability of PZNs, which helps us further explore the micro food web of coastal ecosystems.
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18
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Zheng Z, Zhuang Y, Chen H, Ge R, Li Y, Liu G. Seasonality shapes community structure and functional group dynamics of zooplankton in Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent waters. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yunyun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Hongju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Ruping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Guangxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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19
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Orenstein EC, Ayata S, Maps F, Becker ÉC, Benedetti F, Biard T, de Garidel‐Thoron T, Ellen JS, Ferrario F, Giering SLC, Guy‐Haim T, Hoebeke L, Iversen MH, Kiørboe T, Lalonde J, Lana A, Laviale M, Lombard F, Lorimer T, Martini S, Meyer A, Möller KO, Niehoff B, Ohman MD, Pradalier C, Romagnan J, Schröder S, Sonnet V, Sosik HM, Stemmann LS, Stock M, Terbiyik‐Kurt T, Valcárcel‐Pérez N, Vilgrain L, Wacquet G, Waite AM, Irisson J. Machine learning techniques to characterize functional traits of plankton from image data. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2022; 67:1647-1669. [PMID: 36247386 PMCID: PMC9543351 DOI: 10.1002/lno.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plankton imaging systems supported by automated classification and analysis have improved ecologists' ability to observe aquatic ecosystems. Today, we are on the cusp of reliably tracking plankton populations with a suite of lab-based and in situ tools, collecting imaging data at unprecedentedly fine spatial and temporal scales. But these data have potential well beyond examining the abundances of different taxa; the individual images themselves contain a wealth of information on functional traits. Here, we outline traits that could be measured from image data, suggest machine learning and computer vision approaches to extract functional trait information from the images, and discuss promising avenues for novel studies. The approaches we discuss are data agnostic and are broadly applicable to imagery of other aquatic or terrestrial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Orenstein
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheVillefranche‐sur‐MerFrance
| | - Sakina‐Dorothée Ayata
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheVillefranche‐sur‐MerFrance
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LOCEAN‐IPSL, SU/CNRS/IRD/MNHN)ParisFrance
| | - Frédéric Maps
- Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory Université Laval‐CNRS (UMI 3376), Québec‐Océan, Université LavalQuébecCanada
| | - Érica C. Becker
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)FlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil
| | - Fabio Benedetti
- ETH ZürichInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant DynamicsZürichSwitzerland
| | - Tristan Biard
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de GéosciencesUniversité du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187WimereuxFrance
| | | | - Jeffrey S. Ellen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Filippo Ferrario
- Département de BiologieUniversité LavalQuébecCanada
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory Université Laval‐CNRS (UMI 3376), Québec‐Océan, Université LavalQuébecCanada
- Department of Fisheries and OceansMaurice Lamontagne InstituteMont‐JoliQuébecCanada
| | | | - Tamar Guy‐Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological ResearchHaifaIsrael
| | - Laura Hoebeke
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical ModellingGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Thomas Kiørboe
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU‐AquaTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Arancha Lana
- Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA, UIB‐CSIC)Balearic IslandsSpain
| | | | - Fabien Lombard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheVillefranche‐sur‐MerFrance
| | | | - Séverine Martini
- Aix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UMMarseilleFrance
| | - Albin Meyer
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIECMetzFrance
| | - Klas Ove Möller
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum HereonInstitute of Carbon CycleGeesthachtGermany
| | - Barbara Niehoff
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - Mark D. Ohman
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | | | - Jean‐Baptiste Romagnan
- IFREMER, Centre Atlantique, Laboratoire Ecologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (EMH)Unité HALGO, UMR DECODNantesFrance
| | | | - Virginie Sonnet
- Graduate School of OceanographyUniversity of Rhode IslandNarragansettRhode Island
| | - Heidi M. Sosik
- Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMassachusetts
| | - Lars S. Stemmann
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheVillefranche‐sur‐MerFrance
| | - Michiel Stock
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical ModellingGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Tuba Terbiyik‐Kurt
- Department of Basic SciencesCukurova University, Faculty of FisheriesAdanaTurkey
| | | | - Laure Vilgrain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheVillefranche‐sur‐MerFrance
| | | | - Anya M. Waite
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Jean‐Olivier Irisson
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de VillefrancheVillefranche‐sur‐MerFrance
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20
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Sambolino A, Herrera I, Álvarez S, Rosa A, Alves F, Canning-Clode J, Cordeiro N, Dinis A, Kaufmann M. Seasonal variation in microplastics and zooplankton abundances and characteristics: The ecological vulnerability of an oceanic island system. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113906. [PMID: 35835051 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ingestion of microplastics (MPs - plastic particles <5 mm) by planktivorous organisms represents a significant threat to marine food webs. To investigate how seasonality might affect plastic intake in oceanic islands' ecosystems, relative abundances and composition of MPs and mesozooplankton samples collected off Madeira Island (NE Atlantic) between February 2019 and January 2020 were analysed. MPs were found in all samples, with fibres accounting for 89 % of the particles. MPs and zooplankton mean abundance was 0.262 items/m3 and 18.137 individuals/m3, respectively. Their monthly variations follow the seasonal fluctuation of environmental parameters, such as currents, chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface temperature and precipitation intensity. A higher MPs/zooplankton ratio was recorded in the warm season (May-Oct), reaching 0.068 items/individual when considering large-sized particles (1000-5000 μm). This is the first study to assess the seasonal variability of MPs in an oceanic island system providing essential information respecting its ecological impact in pelagic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Sambolino
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Marine Biology Station of Funchal, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Inma Herrera
- Marine Biology Station of Funchal, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación (BIOCON), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Spain
| | - Soledad Álvarez
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM), Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Portugal
| | - Filipe Alves
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM), Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Portugal
| | - João Canning-Clode
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, USA
| | - Nereida Cordeiro
- LB3, Faculty of Exact Science and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Dinis
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; Oceanic Observatory of Madeira (OOM), Regional Agency for the Development of Research, Technology and Innovation (ARDITI), Funchal, Portugal
| | - Manfred Kaufmann
- Marine Biology Station of Funchal, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal; CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Sea Level Change in the Canary Current System during the Satellite Era. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the causes of global sea level rise is considered as an important goal of climate research on a regional scale, especially around islands, owing to their vulnerability to this phenomenon. In the case of the Canary Islands, these alterations entail an increase in territorial risks. The Canary Islands span the transitional zone linking the Northwest African upwelling system and the open ocean waters of the subtropical gyre. Here, we used satellite altimeter data to perform a detailed statistical analysis of sea level anomaly from 1993 to 2019. A seasonal study was carried out at two different regions and sea level anomaly was compared with temperature variability in the area. A total rise in the sea level of around 7.94 cm was obtained for the last 27 years in both areas. Sea level anomaly was strongly influenced by sea surface temperature, as expected. In addition, we found differences between the annual cycle in the open ocean and the upwelling zone, showing different patterns in both sites. The expected increase in sea level for the year 2050 in the coastal zone of the archipelago was estimated to be 18.10 cm, affecting the coastal economy of the islands, which is strongly based on the use of beaches for tourism.
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22
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Wang S, Yang Y, Jing J. A Synthesis of Viral Contribution to Marine Nitrogen Cycling. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834581. [PMID: 35547115 PMCID: PMC9083009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential component of major cellular macromolecules, such as DNA and proteins. Its bioavailability has a fundamental influence on the primary production of both terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems. Diverse marine microbes consume nitrogen, while only a limited taxon could replenish it, leaving nitrogen one of the most deficient nutrients in the ocean. A variety of microbes are involved in complex biogeochemical transformations of nitrogen compounds, and their ecological functions might be regulated by viruses in different manners. First and foremost, viruses drive marine nitrogen flow via host cell lysis, releasing abundant organic nitrogen into the surrounding environment. Secondly, viruses can also participate in the marine nitrogen cycle by expressing auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) to modulate host nitrogen metabolic pathways, such as nitrification, denitrification, anammox, and nitrogen transmembrane transport. Additionally, viruses also serve as a considerable reservoir of nitrogen element. The efficient turnover of viruses fundamentally promotes nitrogen flow in the oceans. In this review, we summarize viral contributions in the marine nitrogen cycling in different aspects and discuss challenges and issues based on recent discoveries of novel viruses involved in different processes of nitrogen biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jing
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Stomatological Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Latz MAC, Grujcic V, Brugel S, Lycken J, John U, Karlson B, Andersson A, Andersson AF. Short- and long-read metabarcoding of the eukaryotic rRNA operon: evaluation of primers and comparison to shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2304-2318. [PMID: 35437888 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing for analysis of microbial diversity has evolved vastly over the last decade. Currently the go-to method for studying microbial eukaryotes is short-read metabarcoding of variable regions of the 18S rRNA gene with <500 bp amplicons. However, there is a growing interest in applying long-read sequencing of amplicons covering the rRNA operon for improving taxonomic resolution. For both methods, the choice of primers is crucial. It determines if community members are covered, if they can be identified at a satisfactory taxonomic level, and if the obtained community profile is representative. Here, we designed new primers targeting 18S and 28S rRNA based on 177,934 and 21,072 database sequences, respectively. The primers were evaluated in silico along with published primers on reference sequence databases and marine metagenomics datasets. We further evaluated a subset of the primers for short- and long-read sequencing on environmental samples in vitro and compared the obtained community profile with primer-unbiased metagenomic sequencing. Of the short-read pairs, a new V6-V8 pair and the V4_Balzano pair used with a simplified PCR protocol provided good results in silico and in vitro. Fewer differences were observed between the long-read primer pairs. The long-read amplicons and ITS1 alone provided higher taxonomic resolution than V4. Together, our results represent a reference and guide for selection of robust primers for research on and environmental monitoring of microbial eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike A C Latz
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.,University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vesna Grujcic
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Brugel
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny Lycken
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Oceanographic Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Oceanographic Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders F Andersson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Cordier T, Angeles IB, Henry N, Lejzerowicz F, Berney C, Morard R, Brandt A, Cambon-Bonavita MA, Guidi L, Lombard F, Arbizu PM, Massana R, Orejas C, Poulain J, Smith CR, Wincker P, Arnaud-Haond S, Gooday AJ, de Vargas C, Pawlowski J. Patterns of eukaryotic diversity from the surface to the deep-ocean sediment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9309. [PMID: 35119936 PMCID: PMC8816347 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Remote deep-ocean sediment (DOS) ecosystems are among the least explored biomes on Earth. Genomic assessments of their biodiversity have failed to separate indigenous benthic organisms from sinking plankton. Here, we compare global-scale eukaryotic DNA metabarcoding datasets (18S-V9) from abyssal and lower bathyal surficial sediments and euphotic and aphotic ocean pelagic layers to distinguish plankton from benthic diversity in sediment material. Based on 1685 samples collected throughout the world ocean, we show that DOS diversity is at least threefold that in pelagic realms, with nearly two-thirds represented by abundant yet unknown eukaryotes. These benthic communities are spatially structured by ocean basins and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux from the upper ocean. Plankton DNA reaching the DOS originates from abundant species, with maximal deposition at high latitudes. Its seafloor DNA signature predicts variations in POC export from the surface and reveals previously overlooked taxa that may drive the biological carbon pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Cordier
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- NORCE Climate, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Inès Barrenechea Angeles
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Henry
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP,, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Franck Lejzerowicz
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cédric Berney
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP,, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Morard
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 8, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Angelika Brandt
- Department of Marine Zoology, Section Crustacea, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution, and Diversity, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, FB 15, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Lionel Guidi
- Laboratoire d’océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230 Nice, France
| | - Fabien Lombard
- Laboratoire d’océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, 06230 Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Pedro Martinez Arbizu
- Senckenberg am Meer, German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- FK V IBU, AG Marine Biodiversität, Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ramon Massana
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Covadonga Orejas
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Gijón,, Avda Príncipe de Asturias 70 bis, 33212 Gijón, Spain
| | - Julie Poulain
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University Evry, University Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Craig R. Smith
- Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, University Evry, University Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | | | - Andrew J. Gooday
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 7144, ECOMAP,, 29680 Roscoff, France
- Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 75016 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Pawlowski
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- ID-Gene ecodiagnostics, Confignon, 1232 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
- Corresponding author. (T.C.); (A.J.G.); (C.d.V.); (J.P.)
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25
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Environmental Impact on Harmful Species Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Phaeocystis globosa Phenology and Niche. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental change modifies the phytoplankton community, which leads to variations in their phenology and potentially causes a temporal mismatch between primary producers and consumers. In parallel, phytoplankton community change can favor the appearance of harmful species, which makes the understanding of the mechanisms involved in structuring phytoplankton ecological niches paramount for preventing future risk. In this study, we aimed to assess for the first time the relationship between environmental conditions, phenology and niche ecology of harmful species Phaeocystis globosa and the complex Pseudo-nitzschia along the French coast of the eastern English Channel. A new method of bloom detection within a time-series was developed, which allowed the characterization of 363 blooms by 22 phenological variables over 11 stations from 1998 to 2019. The pairwise quantification of asymmetric dependencies between the phenological variables revealed the implication of different mechanisms, common and distinct between the taxa studied. A PERMANOVA helped to reveal the importance of seasonal change in the environmental and community variables. The Outlying Mean and the Within Outlying Mean indexes allowed us to position the harmful taxa niche among the rest of community and quantify how their respective phenology impacted the dynamic of their subniches. We also discussed the possible hypothesis involved and the perspective of predictive models.
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26
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Gavrilko DE, Shurganova GV, Kudrin IA, Yakimov BN. Identification of Freshwater Zooplankton Functional Groups Based on the Functional Traits of Species. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Zeugner LE, Krüger K, Barrero-Canosa J, Amann RI, Fuchs BM. In situ visualization of glycoside hydrolase family 92 genes in marine flavobacteria. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:81. [PMID: 37938716 PMCID: PMC9723552 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene clusters rich in carbohydrate-active enzymes within Flavobacteriia genera provide a competitiveness for their hosts to degrade diatom-derived polysaccharides. One such widely distributed polysaccharide is glucuronomannan, a main cell wall component of diatoms. A conserved gene cluster putatively degrading glucuronomannan was found previously among various flavobacterial taxa in marine metagenomes. Here, we aimed to visualize two glycoside hydrolase family 92 genes coding for α-mannosidases with fluorescently-labeled polynucleotide probes using direct-geneFISH. Reliable in situ localization of single-copy genes was achieved with an efficiency up to 74% not only in the flavobacterial strains Polaribacter Hel1_33_49 and Formosa Hel1_33_131 but also in planktonic samples from the North Sea. In combination with high-resolution microscopy, direct-geneFISH gave visual evidence of the contrasting lifestyles of closely related Polaribacter species in those samples and allowed for the determination of gene distribution among attached and free-living cells. We also detected highly similar GH92 genes in yet unidentified taxa by broadening probe specificities, enabling a visualization of the functional trait in subpopulations across the borders of species and genera. Such a quantitative insight into the niche separation of flavobacterial taxa complements our understanding of the ecology of polysaccharide-degrading bacteria beyond omics-based techniques on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Zeugner
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Karen Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jimena Barrero-Canosa
- Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Environmental Microbiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf I Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
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28
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Abstract
AbstractAnimals, fungi, and algae with complex multicellular bodies all evolved independently from unicellular ancestors. The early history of these major eukaryotic multicellular clades, if not their origins, co-occur with an extreme phase of global glaciations known as the Snowball Earth. Here, I propose that the long-term loss of low-viscosity environments due to several rounds global glaciation drove the multiple origins of complex multicellularity in eukaryotes and the subsequent radiation of complex multicellular groups into previously unoccupied niches. In this scenario, life adapts to Snowball Earth oceans by evolving large size and faster speeds through multicellularity, which acts to compensate for high-viscosity seawater and achieve fluid flow at sufficient levels to satisfy metabolic needs. Warm, low-viscosity seawater returned with the melting of the Snowball glaciers, and with it, by virtue of large and fast multicellular bodies, new ways of life were unveiled.
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29
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Abirami B, Radhakrishnan M, Kumaran S, Wilson A. Impacts of global warming on marine microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:147905. [PMID: 34126492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global warming in ocean ecosystems alters temperature, acidification, oxygen content, circulation, stratification, and nutrient inputs. Microorganisms play a dominant role in global biogeochemical cycles crucial for a planet's sustainability. Since microbial communities are highly dependent on the temperature factor, fluctuations in the same will lead to adverse effects on the microbial community organization. Throughout the Ocean, increase in evaporation rates causes the surface mixed layer to become shallower. This intensified stratification inhibits vertical transport of nutrient supplies. Such density driven processes will decrease oxygen solubility in surface waters leading to significant decrease of oxygen from future Ocean. Metabolism and diversity of microbes along with ocean biogeochemistry will be at great risk due to global warming and its related effects. As a response to the changes in temperature, alteration in the distribution of phytoplankta communities is observed all over the planet, creating changes in the primary production of the ocean causing massive impact on the biosphere. Marine microbial communities try to adapt to the changing ocean environmental conditions by responding with biogeographic range shifts, community structure modifications, and adaptive evolution. Persistence of this climate change on ocean ecosystems, in future, will pose serious threat to the metabolism and distribution of marine microbes leading to fluctuations in the biogeochemical cycles thereby affecting the overall ecosystem functioning. Genomics plays an important role in marine microbial research by providing tools to study the association between environment and organisms. The ecological and genomic perspectives of marine microbes are being investigated to design effective models to understand their physiology and evolution in a changing ocean. Mesocosm/microcosm experimental studies and field studies are in the need of the hour to evaluate the impact of climate shifts on microbial genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Abirami
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikkam Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Kumaran
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aruni Wilson
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, CA, USA; Musculoskeletal Disease Research Laboratory, US Department of Veteran Affairs, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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30
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Birch H, Schmidt DN, Coxall HK, Kroon D, Ridgwell A. Ecosystem function after the K/Pg extinction: decoupling of marine carbon pump and diversity. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210863. [PMID: 34157875 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocean biological pump is the mechanism by which carbon and nutrients are transported to depth. As such, the biological pump is critical in the partitioning of carbon dioxide between the ocean and atmosphere, and the rate at which that carbon can be sequestered through burial in marine sediments. How the structure and function of planktic ecosystems in the ocean govern the strength and efficiency of the biological pump and its resilience to disruption are poorly understood. The aftermath of the impact at the Cretaceous/Palaeogene (K/Pg) boundary provides an ideal opportunity to address these questions as both the biological pump and marine plankton size and diversity were fundamentally disrupted. The excellent fossil record of planktic foraminifera as indicators of pelagic-biotic recovery combined with carbon isotope records tracing biological pump behaviour, show that the recovery of ecological traits (diversity, size and photosymbiosis) occurred much later (approx. 4.3 Ma) than biological pump recovery (approx. 1.8 Ma). We interpret this decoupling of diversity and the biological pump as an indication that ecosystem function had sufficiently recovered to drive an effective biological pump, at least regionally in the South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Birch
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Daniela N Schmidt
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Helen K Coxall
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dick Kroon
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Andy Ridgwell
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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31
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Suikkanen S, Uusitalo L, Lehtinen S, Lehtiniemi M, Kauppila P, Mäkinen K, Kuosa H. Diazotrophic cyanobacteria in planktonic food webs. FOOD WEBS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2021.e00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Liu Q, Zhang RJ, Huang L, Zhang JW, Zhuo SQ, Wang Z, Yang YF, Abate R, Chen CP, Gao YH, Liang JR. The effect of Ditylum brightwellii (Bacillariophyceae) on colony development of bloom forming species Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae) under nutrient-replete condition. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112336. [PMID: 33865038 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve our knowledge of the factors regulating Phaeocystis globosa colony formation, the effects of the diatom Ditylum brightwellii on P. globosa colony development were investigated using co-culture and cell-free filtrate approaches. The co-culture experiments showed the moderate abundance of D. brightwellii significantly increased the number and size of colonies, whereas a dramatically decreased effect from high abundance of D. brightwellii. The low abundance of D. brightwellii promoted early formation of P. globosa colony. The cell-free filtrate experiments indicated that culture-filtrates from the exponential phase of D. brightwellii were stimulatory for P. globosa colony formation with more and bigger colonies formed, whereas an inhibitory effect from its senescence phase filtrates. D. brightwellii may influence P. globosa colony formation by regulating the growth of P. globosa solitary cells. Our results suggest that D. brightwellii influences P. globosa colony development, but its effects vary according to its concentrations and growth phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui-Juan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Su-Qin Zhuo
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rediat Abate
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chang-Ping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ya-Hui Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Jun-Rong Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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McGinty N, Barton AD, Record NR, Finkel ZV, Johns DG, Stock CA, Irwin AJ. Anthropogenic climate change impacts on copepod trait biogeography. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1431-1442. [PMID: 33347685 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copepods are among the most abundant marine metazoans and form a key link between marine primary producers, higher trophic levels, and carbon sequestration pathways. Climate change is projected to change surface ocean temperature by up to 4°C in the North Atlantic with many associated changes including slowing of the overturning circulation, areas of regional freshening, and increased salinity and reductions in nutrients available in the euphotic zone over the next century. These changes will lead to a restructuring of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities with cascading effects throughout the food web. Here we employ observations of copepods, projected changes in ocean climate, and species distribution models to show how climate change may affect the distribution of copepod species in the North Atlantic. On average species move northeast at a rate of 14.1 km decade-1 . Species turnover in copepod communities will range from 5% to 75% with the highest turnover rates concentrated in regions of pronounced temperature increase and decrease. The changes in species range vary according to copepod traits with the largest effects found to occur in the cooling, freshening area in the subpolar North Atlantic south of Greenland and in an area of significant warming along the Scotian shelf. Large diapausing copepods (>2.5 mm) which are higher in lipids and a crucial food source for whales, may have an advantage in the cooling waters due to their life-history strategy that facilitates their survival in the arctic environment. Carnivorous copepods show a basin wide increase in species richness and show significant habitat area increases when their distribution moves poleward while herbivores see significant habitat area losses. The trait-specific effects highlight the complex consequences of climate change for the marine food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall McGinty
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Andrew D Barton
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Zoe V Finkel
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - David G Johns
- CPR Survey, Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, UK
| | - Charles A Stock
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew J Irwin
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Benavides M, Duhamel S, Van Wambeke F, Shoemaker KM, Moisander PH, Salamon E, Riemann L, Bonnet S. Dissolved organic matter stimulates N2 fixation and nifH gene expression in Trichodesmium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 367:5743415. [PMID: 32083662 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixotrophy, the combination of heterotrophic and autotrophic nutrition modes, is emerging as the rule rather than the exception in marine photosynthetic plankton. Trichodesmium, a prominent diazotroph ubiquitous in the (sub)tropical oceans, is generally considered to obtain energy via autotrophy. While the ability of Trichodesmium to use dissolved organic phosphorus when deprived of inorganic phosphorus sources is well known, the extent to which this important cyanobacterium may benefit from other dissolved organic matter (DOM) resources is unknown. Here we provide evidence of carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich DOM molecules enhancing N2 fixation rates and nifH gene expression in natural Trichodesmium colonies collected at two stations in the western tropical South Pacific. Sampling at a third station located in the oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre revealed no Trichodesmium but showed presence of UCYN-B, although no nifH expression was detected. Our results suggest that Trichodesmium behaves mixotrophically in response to certain environmental conditions, providing them with metabolic plasticity and adding up to the view that mixotrophy is widespread among marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Benavides
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Solange Duhamel
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - France Van Wambeke
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Katyanne M Shoemaker
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Pia H Moisander
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Ellen Salamon
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Lasse Riemann
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Sophie Bonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
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35
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Araujo AV, Dias CO, Bonecker SLC. Diversity and functional groups of copepods as a tool for interpreting trophic relationships and ecosystem functioning in estuaries. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105190. [PMID: 33137596 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined trophic relationships in estuarine planktonic food webs by focusing on the assemblages and functional groups of copepods and their effects on prey and predator. We also studied the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in estuaries using different taxonomic and functional diversity indices of copepod assemblages and copepod biomass as a proxy of ecosystem functioning. We collected samples every 2 months over a 2-year period in four Brazilian estuaries. Taxonomic diversity indices showed a positive and negative relationship with chaetognath densities and ecosystem functioning, respectively. The functional indices were negatively related to the effect of predator diversity on prey. Different functional groups of copepods were positively correlated with chaetognath density, consistent with their generalist feeding habits. Thus, multifaceted approaches that use different indices and functional groups are recommended to provide a more realistic view of the trophic relationships and ecosystem functioning in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V Araujo
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia e Biotecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20270-021, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20270-021, Brazil.
| | - Cristina O Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20270-021, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Escola Politécnica, Programa de Engenharia Ambiental-PEA, Centro de Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20270-021, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L C Bonecker
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20270-021, Brazil
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36
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Inomura K, Deutsch C, Masuda T, Prášil O, Follows MJ. Quantitative models of nitrogen-fixing organisms. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3905-3924. [PMID: 33335688 PMCID: PMC7733014 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing organisms are of importance to the environment, providing bioavailable nitrogen to the biosphere. Quantitative models have been used to complement the laboratory experiments and in situ measurements, where such evaluations are difficult or costly. Here, we review the current state of the quantitative modeling of nitrogen-fixing organisms and ways to enhance the bridge between theoretical and empirical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Inomura
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Curtis Deutsch
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takako Masuda
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J. Follows
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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37
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Heneghan RF, Everett JD, Sykes P, Batten SD, Edwards M, Takahashi K, Suthers IM, Blanchard JL, Richardson AJ. A functional size-spectrum model of the global marine ecosystem that resolves zooplankton composition. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Vasechkina E. Nonlinear relationships between phytoplankton nutrient utilization traits and environmental factors. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Rillo MC, Miller CG, Kucera M, Ezard THG. Intraspecific size variation in planktonic foraminifera cannot be consistently predicted by the environment. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11579-11590. [PMID: 33144985 PMCID: PMC7593196 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The size structure of plankton communities is an important determinant of their functions in marine ecosystems. However, few studies have quantified how organism size varies within species across biogeographical scales. Here, we investigate how planktonic foraminifera, a ubiquitous zooplankton group, vary in size across the tropical and subtropical oceans of the world. Using a recently digitized museum collection, we measured shell area of 3,799 individuals of nine extant species in 53 seafloor sediments. We first analyzed potential size biases in the collection. Then, for each site, we obtained corresponding local values of mean annual sea-surface temperature (SST), net primary productivity (NPP), and relative abundance of each species. Given former studies, we expected species to reach largest shell sizes under optimal environmental conditions. In contrast, we observe that species differ in how much their size variation is explained by SST, NPP, and/or relative abundance. While some species have predictable size variation given these variables (Trilobatus sacculifer, Globigerinoides conglobatus, Globigerinella siphonifera, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Globorotalia truncatulinoides), other species show no relationships between size and the studied covariates (Globigerinoides ruber, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, Globorotalia menardii, Globoconella inflata). By incorporating intraspecific variation and sampling broader geographical ranges compared to previous studies, we conclude that shell size variation in planktonic foraminifera species cannot be consistently predicted by the environment. Our results caution against the general use of size as a proxy for planktonic foraminifera environmental optima. More generally, our work highlights the utility of natural history collections and the importance of studying intraspecific variation when interpreting macroecological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Rillo
- Ocean and Earth ScienceNational Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUK
- Department of Earth SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
- Center for Marine Environmental SciencesUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | | | - Michal Kucera
- Center for Marine Environmental SciencesUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Thomas H. G. Ezard
- Ocean and Earth ScienceNational Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUK
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40
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Slower nutrient stream suppresses Subarctic Atlantic Ocean biological productivity in global warming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15504-15510. [PMID: 32571954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000851117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth system models (ESMs) project that global warming suppresses biological productivity in the Subarctic Atlantic Ocean as increasing ocean surface buoyancy suppresses two physical drivers of nutrient supply: vertical mixing and meridional circulation. However, the quantitative sensitivity of productivity to surface buoyancy is uncertain and the relative importance of the physical drivers is unknown. Here, we present a simple predictive theory of how mixing, circulation, and productivity respond to increasing surface buoyancy in 21st-century global warming scenarios. With parameters constrained by observations, the theory suggests that the reduced northward nutrient transport, owing to a slower ocean circulation, explains the majority of the reduced productivity in a warmer climate. The theory also informs present-day biases in a set of ESM simulations as well as the physical underpinnings of their 21st-century projections. Hence, this theoretical understanding can facilitate the development of improved 21st-century projections of marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
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41
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Fernández-González C, Pérez-Lorenzo M, Pratt N, Moore CM, Bibby TS, Marañón E. Effects of Temperature and Nutrient Supply on Resource Allocation, Photosynthetic Strategy, and Metabolic Rates of Synechococcus sp. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:818-829. [PMID: 32130730 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and nutrient supply are key factors that control phytoplankton ecophysiology, but their role is commonly investigated in isolation. Their combined effect on resource allocation, photosynthetic strategy, and metabolism remains poorly understood. To characterize the photosynthetic strategy and resource allocation under different conditions, we analyzed the responses of a marine cyanobacterium (Synechococcus PCC 7002) to multiple combinations of temperature and nutrient supply. We measured the abundance of proteins involved in the dark (RuBisCO, rbcL) and light (Photosystem II, psbA) photosynthetic reactions, the content of chlorophyll a, carbon and nitrogen, and the rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and growth. We found that rbcL and psbA abundance increased with nutrient supply, whereas a temperature-induced increase in psbA occurred only in nutrient-replete treatments. Low temperature and abundant nutrients caused increased RuBisCO abundance, a pattern we observed also in natural phytoplankton assemblages across a wide latitudinal range. Photosynthesis and respiration increased with temperature only under nutrient-sufficient conditions. These results suggest that nutrient supply exerts a stronger effect than temperature upon both photosynthetic protein abundance and metabolic rates in Synechococcus sp. and that the temperature effect on photosynthetic physiology and metabolism is nutrient dependent. The preferential resource allocation into the light instead of the dark reactions of photosynthesis as temperature rises is likely related to the different temperature dependence of dark-reaction enzymatic rates versus photochemistry. These findings contribute to our understanding of the strategies for photosynthetic energy allocation in phytoplankton inhabiting contrasting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Pérez-Lorenzo
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Nicola Pratt
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK
| | - Emilio Marañón
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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42
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Held J, Lorimer T, Pomati F, Stoop R, Albert C. Second-order phase transition in phytoplankton trait dynamics. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:053109. [PMID: 32491890 DOI: 10.1063/1.5141755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Key traits of unicellular species, such as cell size, often follow scale-free or self-similar distributions, hinting at the possibility of an underlying critical process. However, linking such empirical scaling laws to the critical regime of realistic individual-based model classes is difficult. Here, we reveal new empirical scaling evidence associated with a transition in the population and the chlorophyll dynamics of phytoplankton. We offer a possible explanation for these observations by deriving scaling laws in the vicinity of the critical point of a new universality class of non-local cell growth and division models. This "criticality hypothesis" can be tested through new scaling predictions derived for our model class, for the response of chlorophyll distributions to perturbations. The derived scaling laws may also be generalized to other cellular traits and environmental drivers relevant to phytoplankton ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Held
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tom Lorimer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Stoop
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Albert
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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43
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Pomati F, Shurin JB, Andersen KH, Tellenbach C, Barton AD. Interacting Temperature, Nutrients and Zooplankton Grazing Control Phytoplankton Size-Abundance Relationships in Eight Swiss Lakes. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3155. [PMID: 32038586 PMCID: PMC6987318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass distribution among size classes follows a power law where the Log-abundance of taxa scales to Log-size with a slope that responds to environmental abiotic and biotic conditions. The interactions between ecological mechanisms controlling the slope of locally realized size-abundance relationships (SAR) are however not well understood. Here we tested how warming, nutrient levels, and grazing affect the slope of phytoplankton community SARs in decadal time-series from eight Swiss lakes of the peri-alpine region, which underwent environmental forcing due to climate change and oligotrophication. We expected rising temperature to have a negative effect on slope (favoring small phytoplankton), and increasing nutrient levels and grazing pressure to have a positive effect (benefiting large phytoplankton). Using a random forest approach to extract robust patterns from the noisy data, we found that the effects of temperature (direct and indirect through water column stability), nutrient availability (phosphorus and total biomass), and large herbivore (copepods and daphnids) grazing and selectivity on slope were non-linear and interactive. Increasing water temperature or total grazing pressure, and decreasing phosphorus levels, had a positive effect on slope (favoring large phytoplankton, which are predominantly mixotrophic in the lake dataset). Our results therefore showed patterns that were opposite to the expected long-term effects of temperature and nutrient levels, and support a paradigm in which (i) small phototrophic phytoplankton appear to be favored under high nutrients levels, low temperature and low grazing, and (ii) large mixotrophic algae are favored under oligotrophic conditions when temperature and grazing pressure are high. The effects of temperature were stronger under nutrient limitation, and the effects of nutrients and grazing were stronger at high temperature. Our study shows that the phytoplankton local SARs in lakes respond to both the independent and the interactive effects of resources, grazing and water temperature in a complex, unexpected way, and observations from long-term studies can deviate significantly from general theoretical expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pomati
- Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan B Shurin
- Department of Ecology Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ken H Andersen
- Centre for Ocean Life, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Tellenbach
- Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Barton
- Department of Ecology Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States
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44
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Sordino P, D'Aniello S, Pelletier E, Wincker P, Nittoli V, Stemmann L, Mazzocchi MG, Lombard F, Iudicone D, Caputi L. Into the bloom: Molecular response of pelagic tunicates to fluctuating food availability. Mol Ecol 2019; 29:292-307. [PMID: 31793138 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The planktonic tunicates appendicularians and thaliaceans are highly efficient filter feeders on a wide range of prey size including bacteria and have shorter generation times than any other marine grazers. These traits allow some tunicate species to reach high population densities and ensure their success in a favourable environment. However, there are still few studies focusing on which genes and gene pathways are associated with responses of pelagic tunicates to environmental variability. Herein, we present the effect of food availability increase on tunicate community and gene expression at the Marquesas Islands (South-East Pacific Ocean). By using data from the Tara Oceans expedition, we show that changes in phytoplankton density and composition trigger the success of a dominant larvacean species (an undescribed appendicularian). Transcriptional signature to the autotroph bloom suggests key functions in specific physiological processes, i.e., energy metabolism, muscle contraction, membrane trafficking, and proteostasis. The relative abundance of reverse transcription-related Pfams was lower at bloom conditions, suggesting a link with adaptive genetic diversity in tunicates in natural ecosystems. Downstream of the bloom, pelagic tunicates were outcompeted by copepods. Our work represents the first metaomics study of the biological effects of phytoplankton bloom on a key zooplankton taxon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Pelletier
- CEA - Institut Francois Jacob, Genoscope, Evry, France.,CNRS, UMR, Evry, France.,Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- CEA - Institut Francois Jacob, Genoscope, Evry, France.,CNRS, UMR, Evry, France.,Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, Paris, France
| | | | - Lars Stemmann
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche sur mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | | | - Fabien Lombard
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7093, Institut de la Mer de Villefranche sur mer, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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45
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Baho DL, Pomati F, Leu E, Hessen DO, Moe SJ, Norberg J, Nizzetto L. A single pulse of diffuse contaminants alters the size distribution of natural phytoplankton communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 683:578-588. [PMID: 31150881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a multitude of bioactive organic pollutants collectively classified as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in freshwaters is of concern, considering that ecological assessments of their potential impacts on natural systems are still scarce. In this field experiment we tested whether a single pulse exposure to a mixture of 12 pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which are commonly found in European inland waters, can influence the size distributions of natural lake phytoplankton communities. Size is one of the most influential determinants of community structure and functioning, particularly in planktonic communities and food webs. Using an in-situ microcosm approach, phytoplankton communities in two lakes with different nutrient levels (mesotrophic and eutrophic) were exposed to a concentration gradient of the PPCPs mixture at five levels. We tested whether sub-lethal PPCPs doses affect the scaling of organisms' abundances with their size, and the slope of these size spectra, which describe changes in the abundances of small relative to large phytoplankton. Our results showed that a large proportion (approximately 80%) of the dataset followed a power-law distribution, thus suggesting evidence of scale invariance of abundances, as expected in steady state ecosystems. PPCPs were however found to induce significant changes in the size spectra and community structure of natural phytoplankton assemblages. The two highest treatment levels of PPCPs were associated with decreased abundance of the most dominant size class (nano-phytoplankton: 2-5 μm), leading to a flattening of the size spectra slope. These results suggest that a pulse exposure to PPCPs induce changes that potentially lead to unsteady ecosystem states and cascading effects in the aquatic food webs, by favoring larger non-edible algae at the expense of small edible species. We propose higher susceptibility due to higher surface to volume ratio in small species as the likely cause of these structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier L Baho
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), CIENS, Science Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Institute of Integrative Biology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Leu
- Akvaplan-niva, CIENS, Science Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag O Hessen
- University of Oslo, Dept. Biosciences, Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), CIENS, Science Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Norberg
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), CIENS, Science Park, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; RECETOX, Masarik University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Mechanistic Model for the Coexistence of Nitrogen Fixation and Photosynthesis in Marine Trichodesmium. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00210-19. [PMID: 31387928 PMCID: PMC6687940 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00210-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichodesmium is a major nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium and exerts a significant influence on the oceanic nitrogen cycle. It is also a widely used model organism in laboratory studies. Since the nitrogen-fixing enzyme nitrogenase is extremely sensitive to oxygen, how these surface-dwelling plankton manage the two conflicting processes of nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis has been a long-standing question. In this study, we developed a simple model of metabolic fluxes of Trichodesmium capturing observed daily cycles of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and boundary layer oxygen concentrations. The model suggests that forming a chain of cells for spatially segregating nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis is essential but not sufficient. It also requires a barrier against oxygen diffusion and high rates of oxygen scavenging by respiration. Finally, the model indicates that the life span of intracellular oxygen is extremely short, thus enabling cells to instantly create a low-oxygen environment upon deactivation of photosynthesis. The cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is an important contributor of new nitrogen (N) to the surface ocean, but its strategies for protecting the nitrogenase enzyme from inhibition by oxygen (O2) remain poorly understood. We present a dynamic physiological model to evaluate hypothesized conditions that would allow Trichodesmium to carry out its two conflicting metabolic processes of N2 fixation and photosynthesis. First, the model indicates that managing cellular O2 to permit N2 fixation requires high rates of respiratory O2 consumption. The energetic cost amounts to ∼80% of daily C fixation, comparable to the observed diminution of the growth rate of Trichodesmium relative to other phytoplankton. Second, by forming a trichome of connected cells, Trichodesmium can segregate N2 fixation from photosynthesis. The transfer of stored C to N-fixing cells fuels the respiratory O2 consumption that protects nitrogenase, while the reciprocal transfer of newly fixed N to C-fixing cells supports cellular growth. Third, despite Trichodesmium lacking the structural barrier found in heterocystous species, the model predicts low diffusivity of cell membranes, a function that may be explained by the presence of Gram-negative membrane, production of extracellular polysaccharide substances (EPS), and “buffer cells” that intervene between N2-fixing and photosynthetic cells. Our results suggest that all three factors—respiratory protection, trichome formation, and diffusion barriers—represent essential strategies that, despite their energetic costs, facilitate the growth of Trichodesmium in the oligotrophic aerobic ocean and permit it to be a major source of new reactive nitrogen. IMPORTANCETrichodesmium is a major nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium and exerts a significant influence on the oceanic nitrogen cycle. It is also a widely used model organism in laboratory studies. Since the nitrogen-fixing enzyme nitrogenase is extremely sensitive to oxygen, how these surface-dwelling plankton manage the two conflicting processes of nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis has been a long-standing question. In this study, we developed a simple model of metabolic fluxes of Trichodesmium capturing observed daily cycles of photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and boundary layer oxygen concentrations. The model suggests that forming a chain of cells for spatially segregating nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis is essential but not sufficient. It also requires a barrier against oxygen diffusion and high rates of oxygen scavenging by respiration. Finally, the model indicates that the life span of intracellular oxygen is extremely short, thus enabling cells to instantly create a low-oxygen environment upon deactivation of photosynthesis.
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Beckmann A, Schaum CE, Hense I. Phytoplankton adaptation in ecosystem models. J Theor Biol 2019; 468:60-71. [PMID: 30796940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We compare two different approaches to model adaptation of phytoplankton through trait value changes. Both consider mutation and selection (MuSe) but differ with respect to the underlying conceptual framework. The first one (MuSe-IBM) explicitly considers a population of individuals that are subject to random mutation during cell division. The second is a deterministic multi-compartment model (MuSe-MCM) that considers numerous genotypes of the population and where mutations are treated as a transfer of biomass between neighboring genotypes (i.e., a diffusion of characteristics in trait space). Focusing on the adaptation of optimal temperature, we show model results for different scenarios: a sudden change in environmental temperature, a seasonal variation and high frequency fluctuations. In addition, we investigate the effect of different shapes of thermal reaction norms as well as the role of alternating growth and resting phases on the adaptation process. For all cases, the differences between MuSe-IBM and MuSe-MCM are found to be negligible. Both models produce a number of well-known and plausible features. While the IBM has the advantage of including more mechanistic (i.e., probabilistic) processes, the MCM is much less computationally demanding and therefore suitable for implementation in three-dimensional ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inga Hense
- IMF, CEN, Universität Hamburg, Grosse Elbstrasse 133, Germany.
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Modelling the complexity of plankton communities exploiting omics potential: From present challenges to an integrative pipeline. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Size differences predict niche and relative fitness differences between phytoplankton species but not their coexistence. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:1133-1143. [PMID: 30607028 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we aim to incorporate trait-based information into the modern coexistence framework that comprises a balance between stabilizing (niche-based) and equalizing (fitness) mechanisms among interacting species. Taking the modern coexistence framework as our basis, we experimentally tested the effect of size differences among species on coexistence by using fifteen unique pairs of resident vs. invading cyanobacteria, resulting in thirty unique invasibility tests. The cyanobacteria covered two orders of magnitude differences in size. We found that both niche and fitness differences increased with size differences. Niche differences increased faster with size differences than relative fitness differences and whereas coexisting pairs showed larger size differences than non-coexisting pairs, ultimately species coexistence could not be predicted on basis of size differences only. Our findings suggest that size is more than a key trait controlling physiological and population-level aspects of phytoplankton, it is also relevant for community-level phenomena such as niche and fitness differences which influence coexistence and biodiversity.
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Benedetti F, Ayata S, Irisson J, Adloff F, Guilhaumon F. Climate change may have minor impact on zooplankton functional diversity in the Mediterranean Sea. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Benedetti
- Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV)Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSObservatoire Océanologique Villefranche‐sur‐Mer France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche‐sur‐Mer (LOV)CNRSUMR 7093Observatoire Océanologique Villefranche‐sur‐Mer France
| | - Sakina‐Dorothée Ayata
- Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV)Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSObservatoire Océanologique Villefranche‐sur‐Mer France
| | - Jean‐Olivier Irisson
- Laboratoire d'oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV)Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSObservatoire Océanologique Villefranche‐sur‐Mer France
| | - Fanny Adloff
- CNRMUMR 3589Météo‐France/CNRS Toulouse France
- Department of MeteorologyUniversity of Reading Reading UK
| | - François Guilhaumon
- IRD UMR 9190 MARBECIRD‐CNRS‐IFREMER‐UMUniversité de Montpellier Montpellier France
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