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Jonkman AH, Warnaar RSP, Baccinelli W, Carbon NM, D'Cruz RF, Doorduin J, van Doorn JLM, Elshof J, Estrada-Petrocelli L, Graßhoff J, Heunks LMA, Koopman AA, Langer D, Moore CM, Nunez Silveira JM, Petersen E, Poddighe D, Ramsay M, Rodrigues A, Roesthuis LH, Rossel A, Torres A, Duiverman ML, Oppersma E. Analysis and applications of respiratory surface EMG: report of a round table meeting. Crit Care 2024; 28:2. [PMID: 38166968 PMCID: PMC10759550 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) can be used to measure the electrical activity of the respiratory muscles. The possible applications of sEMG span from patients suffering from acute respiratory failure to patients receiving chronic home mechanical ventilation, to evaluate muscle function, titrate ventilatory support and guide treatment. However, sEMG is mainly used as a monitoring tool for research and its use in clinical practice is still limited-in part due to a lack of standardization and transparent reporting. During this round table meeting, recommendations on data acquisition, processing, interpretation, and potential clinical applications of respiratory sEMG were discussed. This paper informs the clinical researcher interested in respiratory muscle monitoring about the current state of the art on sEMG, knowledge gaps and potential future applications for patients with respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Jonkman
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R S P Warnaar
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - W Baccinelli
- Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N M Carbon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Friedrich Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R F D'Cruz
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Doorduin
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J L M van Doorn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Elshof
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases/Home Mechanical Ventilation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Estrada-Petrocelli
- Facultad de Ingeniería and Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT) - Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), Universidad Latina de Panamá (ULATINA), Panama, Panama
| | - J Graßhoff
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering, Lübeck, Germany
| | - L M A Heunks
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A A Koopman
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Langer
- Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - C M Moore
- Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Nunez Silveira
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Terapia Intensiva, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Petersen
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DTU Compute, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - D Poddighe
- Research Group for Rehabilitation in Internal Disorders, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Ramsay
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Rodrigues
- Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L H Roesthuis
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Rossel
- Department of Acute Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Torres
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) and Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M L Duiverman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases/Home Mechanical Ventilation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Oppersma
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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2
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Robinson ML, Hahn PG, Inouye BD, Underwood N, Whitehead SR, Abbott KC, Bruna EM, Cacho NI, Dyer LA, Abdala-Roberts L, Allen WJ, Andrade JF, Angulo DF, Anjos D, Anstett DN, Bagchi R, Bagchi S, Barbosa M, Barrett S, Baskett CA, Ben-Simchon E, Bloodworth KJ, Bronstein JL, Buckley YM, Burghardt KT, Bustos-Segura C, Calixto ES, Carvalho RL, Castagneyrol B, Chiuffo MC, Cinoğlu D, Cinto Mejía E, Cock MC, Cogni R, Cope OL, Cornelissen T, Cortez DR, Crowder DW, Dallstream C, Dáttilo W, Davis JK, Dimarco RD, Dole HE, Egbon IN, Eisenring M, Ejomah A, Elderd BD, Endara MJ, Eubanks MD, Everingham SE, Farah KN, Farias RP, Fernandes AP, Fernandes GW, Ferrante M, Finn A, Florjancic GA, Forister ML, Fox QN, Frago E, França FM, Getman-Pickering AS, Getman-Pickering Z, Gianoli E, Gooden B, Gossner MM, Greig KA, Gripenberg S, Groenteman R, Grof-Tisza P, Haack N, Hahn L, Haq SM, Helms AM, Hennecke J, Hermann SL, Holeski LM, Holm S, Hutchinson MC, Jackson EE, Kagiya S, Kalske A, Kalwajtys M, Karban R, Kariyat R, Keasar T, Kersch-Becker MF, Kharouba HM, Kim TN, Kimuyu DM, Kluse J, Koerner SE, Komatsu KJ, Krishnan S, Laihonen M, Lamelas-López L, LaScaleia MC, Lecomte N, Lehn CR, Li X, Lindroth RL, LoPresti EF, Losada M, Louthan AM, Luizzi VJ, Lynch SC, Lynn JS, Lyon NJ, Maia LF, Maia RA, Mannall TL, Martin BS, Massad TJ, McCall AC, McGurrin K, Merwin AC, Mijango-Ramos Z, Mills CH, Moles AT, Moore CM, Moreira X, Morrison CR, Moshobane MC, Muola A, Nakadai R, Nakajima K, Novais S, Ogbebor CO, Ohsaki H, Pan VS, Pardikes NA, Pareja M, Parthasarathy N, Pawar RR, Paynter Q, Pearse IS, Penczykowski RM, Pepi AA, Pereira CC, Phartyal SS, Piper FI, Poveda K, Pringle EG, Puy J, Quijano T, Quintero C, Rasmann S, Rosche C, Rosenheim LY, Rosenheim JA, Runyon JB, Sadeh A, Sakata Y, Salcido DM, Salgado-Luarte C, Santos BA, Sapir Y, Sasal Y, Sato Y, Sawant M, Schroeder H, Schumann I, Segoli M, Segre H, Shelef O, Shinohara N, Singh RP, Smith DS, Sobral M, Stotz GC, Tack AJM, Tayal M, Tooker JF, Torrico-Bazoberry D, Tougeron K, Trowbridge AM, Utsumi S, Uyi O, Vaca-Uribe JL, Valtonen A, van Dijk LJA, Vandvik V, Villellas J, Waller LP, Weber MG, Yamawo A, Yim S, Zarnetske PL, Zehr LN, Zhong Z, Wetzel WC. Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory. Science 2023; 382:679-683. [PMID: 37943897 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Robinson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - P G Hahn
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B D Inouye
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - N Underwood
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - S R Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - K C Abbott
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E M Bruna
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N I Cacho
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Dyer
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - L Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - W J Allen
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J F Andrade
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - D F Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - D Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - D N Anstett
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R Bagchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - S Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Barbosa
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S Barrett
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation & Attractions Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C A Baskett
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - E Ben-Simchon
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - K J Bloodworth
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - J L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Y M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Bustos-Segura
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - E S Calixto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R L Carvalho
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M C Chiuffo
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - D Cinoğlu
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - E Cinto Mejía
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M C Cock
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - R Cogni
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O L Cope
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - T Cornelissen
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - D R Cortez
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - D W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - C Dallstream
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - J K Davis
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R D Dimarco
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - H E Dole
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I N Egbon
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - M Eisenring
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A Ejomah
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - B D Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M-J Endara
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Evolución en los Trópicos-EETROP, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S E Everingham
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K N Farah
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R P Farias
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - A P Fernandes
- Department of Botany, Ganpat Parsekar College of Education Harmal, Pernem, Goa, India
| | - G W Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, Brazil
| | - M Ferrante
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Finn
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G A Florjancic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M L Forister
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Q N Fox
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F M França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Z Getman-Pickering
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - E Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - B Gooden
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - M M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K A Greig
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Gripenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - R Groenteman
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - P Grof-Tisza
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - N Haack
- Independent Institute for Environmental Issues, Halle, Germany
| | - L Hahn
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S M Haq
- Wildlife Crime Control Division, Wildlife Trust of India, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Hennecke
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - S L Hermann
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - L M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptive Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S Holm
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M C Hutchinson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - E E Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - S Kagiya
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Kalske
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Kalwajtys
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R Karban
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Kariyat
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - T Keasar
- Department of Biology and the Environment, University of Haifa - Oranim, Oranim, Tivon, Israel
| | - M F Kersch-Becker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H M Kharouba
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T N Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - D M Kimuyu
- Department of Natural Resources, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - J Kluse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - K J Komatsu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - S Krishnan
- Center for Sustainable Future, Amrita University and EIACP RP, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Laihonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Lamelas-López
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - M C LaScaleia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - N Lecomte
- Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Department of Biology and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - C R Lehn
- Biological Sciences Course, Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Panambi, RS, Brazil
| | - X Li
- College of Resources and Environmental sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - R L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E F LoPresti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Losada
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A M Louthan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - V J Luizzi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S C Lynch
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J S Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N J Lyon
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L F Maia
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R A Maia
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T L Mannall
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B S Martin
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - T J Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique
| | - A C McCall
- Biology Department, Denison University, Granville, OH, USA
| | - K McGurrin
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - A C Merwin
- Department of Biology and Geology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Z Mijango-Ramos
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C H Mills
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - X Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - C R Morrison
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M C Moshobane
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria National Botanical Garden, Brummeria, Silverton, South Africa
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - A Muola
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R Nakadai
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Nakajima
- Insitute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Cave Research, Shimohei-guun, Iwate Prefecture, Japan
| | - S Novais
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - C O Ogbebor
- Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - H Ohsaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - V S Pan
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - N A Pardikes
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - M Pareja
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - N Parthasarathy
- Department of Ecology and Evironmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Q Paynter
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R M Penczykowski
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A A Pepi
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - C C Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S S Phartyal
- School of Ecology & Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
| | - F I Piper
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life and Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Ñuñoa, Santiago
| | - K Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E G Pringle
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J Puy
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - T Quijano
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - C Quintero
- INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - S Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - C Rosche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - L Y Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J B Runyon
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - A Sadeh
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Y Sakata
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjyo-Nakano, Akita, Japan
| | - D M Salcido
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - C Salgado-Luarte
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - B A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Y Sapir
- The Botanic Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Sasal
- INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Sawant
- Department of Ecology, University of Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Schroeder
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - I Schumann
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Segoli
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - H Segre
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - O Shelef
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
| | - N Shinohara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - R P Singh
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D S Smith
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - M Sobral
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - G C Stotz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - A J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Tayal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - J F Tooker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - D Torrico-Bazoberry
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Las Condes, Chile
| | - K Tougeron
- Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS, Amiens, France
- Ecology of Interactions and Global Change, Institut de Recherche en Biosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - A M Trowbridge
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Utsumi
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - O Uyi
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - J L Vaca-Uribe
- Programa de ingeniría agroecológica, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Valtonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - L J A van Dijk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Villellas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - L P Waller
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - M G Weber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Yamawo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - S Yim
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - P L Zarnetske
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L N Zehr
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Z Zhong
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, China
| | - W C Wetzel
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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3
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Browning TJ, Saito MA, Garaba SP, Wang X, Achterberg EP, Moore CM, Engel A, Mcllvin MR, Moran D, Voss D, Zielinski O, Tagliabue A. Persistent equatorial Pacific iron limitation under ENSO forcing. Nature 2023; 621:330-335. [PMID: 37587345 PMCID: PMC10499608 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Projected responses of ocean net primary productivity to climate change are highly uncertain1. Models suggest that the climate sensitivity of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean plays a crucial role1-3, but this is poorly constrained by observations4. Here we show that changes in physical forcing drove coherent fluctuations in the strength of equatorial Pacific iron limitation through multiple El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, but that this was overestimated twofold by a state-of-the-art climate model. Our assessment was enabled by first using a combination of field nutrient-addition experiments, proteomics and above-water hyperspectral radiometry to show that phytoplankton physiological responses to iron limitation led to approximately threefold changes in chlorophyll-normalized phytoplankton fluorescence. We then exploited the >18-year satellite fluorescence record to quantify climate-induced nutrient limitation variability. Such synoptic constraints provide a powerful approach for benchmarking the realism of model projections of net primary productivity to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Mak A Saito
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Shungudzemwoyo P Garaba
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Xuechao Wang
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Mark Moore
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anja Engel
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Dawn Moran
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Voss
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Zielinski
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Oldenburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean, Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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4
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Browning TJ, Moore CM. Global analysis of ocean phytoplankton nutrient limitation reveals high prevalence of co-limitation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5014. [PMID: 37591895 PMCID: PMC10435517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability limits phytoplankton growth throughout much of the global ocean. Here we synthesize available experimental data to identify three dominant nutrient limitation regimes: nitrogen is limiting in the stratified subtropical gyres and in the summertime Arctic Ocean, iron is most commonly limiting in upwelling regions, and both nutrients are frequently co-limiting in regions in between the nitrogen and iron limited systems. Manganese can be co-limiting with iron in parts of the Southern Ocean, whilst phosphate and cobalt can be co-/serially limiting in some settings. Overall, an analysis of experimental responses showed that phytoplankton net growth can be significantly enhanced through increasing the number of different nutrients supplied, regardless of latitude, temperature, or trophic status, implying surface seawaters are often approaching nutrient co-limitation. Assessments of nutrient deficiency based on seawater nutrient concentrations and nutrient stress diagnosed via molecular biomarkers showed good agreement with experimentally-assessed nutrient limitation, validating conceptual and theoretical links between nutrient stoichiometry and microbial ecophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany.
| | - C Mark Moore
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
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5
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Wyatt NJ, Birchill A, Ussher S, Milne A, Bouman HA, Shoenfelt Troein E, Pabortsava K, Wright A, Flanagan O, Bibby TS, Martin A, Moore CM. Phytoplankton responses to dust addition in the Fe-Mn co-limited eastern Pacific sub-Antarctic differ by source region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220111120. [PMID: 37399381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The seasonal availability of light and micronutrients strongly regulates productivity in the Southern Ocean, restricting biological utilization of macronutrients and CO2 drawdown. Mineral dust flux is a key conduit for micronutrients to the Southern Ocean and a critical mediator of multimillennial-scale atmospheric CO2 oscillations. While the role of dust-borne iron (Fe) in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has been examined in detail, manganese (Mn) availability is also emerging as a potential driver of past, present, and future Southern Ocean biogeochemistry. Here, we present results from fifteen bioassay experiments along a north-south transect in the undersampled eastern Pacific sub-Antarctic zone. In addition to widespread Fe limitation of phytoplankton photochemical efficiency, we found further responses following the addition of Mn at our southerly stations, supporting the importance of Fe-Mn co-limitation in the Southern Ocean. Moreover, addition of different Patagonian dusts resulted in enhanced photochemical efficiency with differential responses linked to source region dust characteristics in terms of relative Fe/Mn solubility. Changes in the relative magnitude of dust deposition, combined with source region mineralogy, could hence determine whether Fe or Mn limitation control Southern Ocean productivity under future as well as past climate states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Wyatt
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Birchill
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Ussher
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Milne
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Heather A Bouman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Shoenfelt Troein
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | | | - Alan Wright
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Flanagan
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Martin
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - C Mark Moore
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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6
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Torrado A, Connabeer HM, Röttig A, Pratt N, Baylay AJ, Terry MJ, Moore CM, Bibby TS. Directing cyanobacterial photosynthesis in a cytochrome c oxidase mutant using a heterologous electron sink. Plant Physiol 2022; 189:2554-2566. [PMID: 35522034 PMCID: PMC9342982 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis holds the promise of sustainable generation of useful products using light energy. Key to realizing this potential is the ability to rationally design photosynthesis to redirect energy and reductant derived from photons to desired products. Cytochrome P450s (P450s), which catalyze a broad array of reactions, have been engineered into a variety of photosynthetic organisms, where their activity has been shown to be photosynthesis-dependent, thus acting as heterologous sinks of electrons derived from photosynthesis. Furthermore, the addition of P450s can increase the photosynthetic capacity of the host organism. In this study, we developed this technology further using a P450 (CYP1A1) expressed in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. We show that rationally engineering photosynthesis by the removal of a competing electron sink, the respiratory terminal oxidase cytochrome c oxidase, increased the activity of CYP1A1. We provide evidence that this enhanced CYP1A1 activity was facilitated via an increase in the flux of electrons through Photosystem I. We also conducted a transcriptomic analysis on the designed strains to gain a more holistic understanding of how the cell responds to rational engineering. We describe a complex response including changes in expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and electron transfer linked to respiration. Specifically, the expression of CYP1A1 resulted in the reduction in expression of other natural electron dissipation pathways. This study emphasizes the potential for engineering photosynthetic organisms in biotechnology but also highlights the need to consider the broader impacts on cellular metabolism of any rationally induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annika Röttig
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Nicola Pratt
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Alison J Baylay
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Matthew J Terry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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7
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Cerdan-Garcia E, Baylay A, Polyviou D, Woodward EMS, Wrightson L, Mahaffey C, Lohan MC, Moore CM, Bibby TS, Robidart JC. Transcriptional responses of Trichodesmium to natural inverse gradients of Fe and P availability. ISME J 2022; 16:1055-1064. [PMID: 34819612 PMCID: PMC8941076 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is responsible for a significant fraction of marine di-nitrogen (N2) fixation. Growth and distribution of Trichodesmium and other diazotrophs in the vast oligotrophic subtropical gyres is influenced by iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) availability, while reciprocally influencing the biogeochemistry of these nutrients. Here we use observations across natural inverse gradients in Fe and P in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre (NASG) to demonstrate how Trichodesmium acclimates in situ to resource availability. Transcriptomic analysis identified progressive upregulation of known iron-stress biomarker genes with decreasing Fe availability, and progressive upregulation of genes involved in the acquisition of diverse P sources with decreasing P availability, while genes involved in N2 fixation were upregulated at the intersection under moderate Fe and P availability. Enhanced N2 fixation within the Fe and P co-stressed transition region was also associated with a distinct, consistent metabolic profile, including the expression of alternative photosynthetic pathways that potentially facilitate ATP generation required for N2 fixation with reduced net oxygen production. The observed response of Trichodesmium to availability of both Fe and P supports suggestions that these biogeochemically significant organisms employ unique molecular, and thus physiological responses as adaptations to specifically exploit the Fe and P co-limited niche they construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cerdan-Garcia
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - A Baylay
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - D Polyviou
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | | | - L Wrightson
- Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - C Mahaffey
- Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - M C Lohan
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - C M Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - T S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - J C Robidart
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
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8
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Green S, Tuck S, Long J, Green T, Green A, Ellis P, Haire A, Moss C, Cahill F, McCartan N, Brown L, Santaolalla A, Marsden T, Justo MR, Hadley J, Punwani S, Attard G, Ahmed H, Moore CM, Emberton M, Van Hemelrijck M. ReIMAGINE: a prostate cancer research consortium with added value through its patient and public involvement and engagement. Res Involv Engagem 2021; 7:81. [PMID: 34789334 PMCID: PMC8596340 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-021-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ReIMAGINE aims to improve the current prostate specific antigen (PSA)/biopsy risk stratification for prostate cancer (PCa) and develop a new image-based method (with biomarkers) for diagnosing high/low risk PCa in men. ReIMAGINE's varied patient and public involvement (PPI) and engagement (PE) strategy maximises the impact of its scientific output by informing and shaping the different stages of research. AIMS Through including the voice of patients and the public, the ReIMAGINE Consortium aims to translate these different perspectives into the design and implementation process. This will improve the overall quality of the research by: reflecting the needs and priorities of patients and the public, ensuring methods and procedures are feasible and appropriate ensuring information is relevant and accessible to those being recruited to the study identifying dissemination channels relevant to patients/the public and developing outputs that are accessible to a lay audience With support from our patient/user groups, the ReIMAGINE Consortium aims to improve our ability to derive prognostic information and allocate men to the most appropriate and effective therapies, using a novel image-based risk stratification with investigation of non-imaging biomarkers. FINDINGS We have been working with patients and the public from initiation of the project to ensure that the research is relevant to men and their families. Our PPI Sub-Committee, led by a PCa patient, has been involved in our dissemination strategy, outreach activities, and study design recommendations. For example, the sub-committee have developed a variety of informative videos relevant and accessible to those being recruited, and organised multiple online research engagement events that are accessible to a lay audience. As quoted by one of the study participants, "the more we present the benefits and opportunities to patients and the public, the more research commitment we obtain, and the sooner critical clinical questions such as PCa diagnostics will be addressed".
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Affiliation(s)
- S Green
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Tuck
- ReIMAGINE Consortium Patient Representative, London, UK
| | - J Long
- ReIMAGINE Consortium Patient Representative, London, UK
| | - T Green
- ReIMAGINE Consortium Patient Representative, London, UK
| | - A Green
- ReIMAGINE Consortium Patient Representative, London, UK
| | - P Ellis
- ReIMAGINE Consortium Patient Representative, London, UK
| | - A Haire
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Moss
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Cahill
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N McCartan
- UCL Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L Brown
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Santaolalla
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T Marsden
- UCL Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Rodriquez Justo
- UCL Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Hadley
- UCL Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Punwani
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - G Attard
- UCL Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Ahmed
- Imperial College, London, UK
| | - C M Moore
- UCL Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Emberton
- UCL Division of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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9
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Shanahan JP, Moore CM, Kampf JW, Szymczak NK. Modulation of H +/H - exchange in iridium-hydride 2-hydroxypyridine complexes by remote Lewis acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11705-11708. [PMID: 34693408 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of iridium hydride complexes featuring dihydrogen bonding are presented and shown to undergo rapid H+/H- exchange (1240 s-1 at 25 °C). We demonstrate that the H+/H- exchange rate can be modified by post-synthetic modification at a remote site using BH3, Zn(C6F5)2, and [Me3O][BF4]. This route provides a complementary strategy to traditional methods that rely on pre-metalation modifications to a metal's primary sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K558, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jeff W Kampf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
| | - N K Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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10
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Carter-Gates M, Balestreri C, Thorpe SE, Cottier F, Baylay A, Bibby TS, Moore CM, Schroeder DC. Implications of increasing Atlantic influence for Arctic microbial community structure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19262. [PMID: 33159130 PMCID: PMC7648788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing influence of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean has the potential to significantly impact regional water temperature and salinity. Here we use a rDNA barcoding approach to reveal how microbial communities are partitioned into distinct assemblages across a gradient of Atlantic-Polar Water influence in the Norwegian Sea. Data suggest that temperate adapted bacteria may replace cold water taxa under a future scenario of increasing Atlantic influence, but the eukaryote response is more complex. Some abundant eukaryotic cold water taxa could persist, while less abundant eukaryotic taxa may be replaced by warmer adapted temperate species. Furthermore, within lineages, different taxa display evidence of increased relative abundance in reaction to favourable conditions and we observed that rare microbial taxa are sample site rather than region specific. Our findings have significant implications for the vulnerability of polar associated community assemblages, which may change, impacting the ecosystem services they provide, under predicted increases of Atlantic mixing and warming within the Arctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carter-Gates
- Cellular and Molecular Department, The Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Cecilia Balestreri
- Cellular and Molecular Department, The Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | | | - Finlo Cottier
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, Argyll, UK.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Alison Baylay
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Declan C Schroeder
- Cellular and Molecular Department, The Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK. .,Veterinary Population Medicine, The University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA. .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK.
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11
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Fiard G, Norris JM, Nguyen TA, Stavrinides V, Olivier J, Emberton M, Moore CM. What to expect from a non-suspicious prostate MRI? A review. Prog Urol 2020; 30:986-999. [PMID: 33008718 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many guidelines now recommend multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) prior to an initial or repeat prostate biopsy. However, clinical decision making for men with a non-suspicious mpMRI (Likert or PIRADS score 1-2) varies. OBJECTIVES To review the most recent literature to answer three questions. (1) Should we consider systematic biopsy if mpMRI is not suspicious? (2) Are there additional predictive factors that can help decide which patient should have a biopsy? (3) Can the low visibility of some cancers be explained and what are the implications? SOURCES A narrative review was performed in Medline databases using two searches with the terms "MRI" and "prostate cancer" and ("diagnosis" or "biopsy") and ("non-suspicious" or "negative" or "invisible"); "prostate cancer MRI visible". References of the selected articles were screened for additional articles. STUDY SELECTION Studies published in the last 5 years in English language were assessed for eligibility and selected if data was available to answer one of the three study questions. RESULTS Considering clinically significant cancer as ISUP grade≥2, the negative predictive value (NPV) of mpMRI in various settings and populations ranges from 76% to 99%, depending on cancer prevalence and the type of confirmatory reference test used. NPV is higher among patients with prior negative biopsy (88-96%), and lower for active surveillance patients (85-90%). The PSA density (PSAd) with a threshold of PSAd<0.15ng/ml/ml was the most studied and relevant predictive factor used in combination with mpMRI to rule out clinically significant cancer. Finally, mpMRI-invisible tumours appear to differ from a histopathological and genetic point of view, conferring clinical advantage to invisibility. LIMITATIONS Most published data come from expert centres and results may not be reproducible in all settings. CONCLUSION mpMRI has high diagnostic accuracy and in cases of negative mpMRI, PSA density can be used to determine which patient should have a biopsy. Growing knowledge of the mechanisms and genetics underlying MRI visibility will help develop more accurate risk calculators and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiard
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Urology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France.
| | - J M Norris
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T A Nguyen
- Department of urology, université de Brest, CHRU, Brest, France
| | - V Stavrinides
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Olivier
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of urology, Lille university, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Emberton
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C M Moore
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK; Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Fernández-González C, Pérez-Lorenzo M, Pratt N, Moore CM, Bibby TS, Marañón E. Effects of Temperature and Nutrient Supply on Resource Allocation, Photosynthetic Strategy, and Metabolic Rates of Synechococcus sp. J Phycol 2020; 56:818-829. [PMID: 32130730 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and nutrient supply are key factors that control phytoplankton ecophysiology, but their role is commonly investigated in isolation. Their combined effect on resource allocation, photosynthetic strategy, and metabolism remains poorly understood. To characterize the photosynthetic strategy and resource allocation under different conditions, we analyzed the responses of a marine cyanobacterium (Synechococcus PCC 7002) to multiple combinations of temperature and nutrient supply. We measured the abundance of proteins involved in the dark (RuBisCO, rbcL) and light (Photosystem II, psbA) photosynthetic reactions, the content of chlorophyll a, carbon and nitrogen, and the rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and growth. We found that rbcL and psbA abundance increased with nutrient supply, whereas a temperature-induced increase in psbA occurred only in nutrient-replete treatments. Low temperature and abundant nutrients caused increased RuBisCO abundance, a pattern we observed also in natural phytoplankton assemblages across a wide latitudinal range. Photosynthesis and respiration increased with temperature only under nutrient-sufficient conditions. These results suggest that nutrient supply exerts a stronger effect than temperature upon both photosynthetic protein abundance and metabolic rates in Synechococcus sp. and that the temperature effect on photosynthetic physiology and metabolism is nutrient dependent. The preferential resource allocation into the light instead of the dark reactions of photosynthesis as temperature rises is likely related to the different temperature dependence of dark-reaction enzymatic rates versus photochemistry. These findings contribute to our understanding of the strategies for photosynthetic energy allocation in phytoplankton inhabiting contrasting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Pérez-Lorenzo
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Nicola Pratt
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK
| | - Emilio Marañón
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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13
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Obayemi JD, Salifu AA, Eluu SC, Uzonwanne VO, Jusu SM, Nwazojie CC, Onyekanne CE, Ojelabi O, Payne L, Moore CM, King JA, Soboyejo WO. LHRH-Conjugated Drugs as Targeted Therapeutic Agents for the Specific Targeting and Localized Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8212. [PMID: 32427904 PMCID: PMC7237454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk chemotherapy and drug release strategies for cancer treatment have been associated with lack of specificity and high drug concentrations that often result in toxic side effects. This work presents the results of an experimental study of cancer drugs (prodigiosin or paclitaxel) conjugated to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) for the specific targeting and treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Injections of LHRH-conjugated drugs (LHRH-prodigiosin or LHRH-paclitaxel) into groups of 4-week-old athymic female nude mice (induced with subcutaneous triple negative xenograft breast tumors) were found to specifically target, eliminate or shrink tumors at early, mid and late stages without any apparent cytotoxicity, as revealed by in vivo toxicity and ex vivo histopathological tests. Our results show that overexpressed LHRH receptors serve as binding sites on the breast cancer cells/tumor and the LHRH-conjugated drugs inhibited the growth of breast cells/tumor in in vitro and in vivo experiments. The inhibitions are attributed to the respective adhesive interactions between LHRH molecular recognition units on the prodigiosin (PGS) and paclitaxel (PTX) drugs and overexpressed LHRH receptors on the breast cancer cells and tumors. The implications of the results are discussed for the development of ligand-conjugated drugs for the specific targeting and treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - A A Salifu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - S C Eluu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, 420110, Ifite Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - V O Uzonwanne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - S M Jusu
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C C Nwazojie
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C E Onyekanne
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - O Ojelabi
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - L Payne
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA
| | - J A King
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Comparative NeuroImaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA.,Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, 60 Prescott Street (Gateway Park I), Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, 100 Institute Road, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01609, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences Center, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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14
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Hughes DJ, Campbell DA, Doblin MA, Kromkamp JC, Lawrenz E, Moore CM, Oxborough K, Prášil O, Ralph PJ, Alvarez MF, Suggett DJ. Roadmaps and Detours: Active Chlorophyll- a Assessments of Primary Productivity Across Marine and Freshwater Systems. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:12039-12054. [PMID: 30247887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing phytoplankton productivity over space and time remains a core goal for oceanographers and limnologists. Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry (FRRf) provides a potential means to realize this goal with unprecedented resolution and scale yet has not become the "go-to" method despite high expectations. A major obstacle is difficulty converting electron transfer rates to equivalent rates of C-fixation most relevant for studies of biogeochemical C-fluxes. Such difficulty stems from methodological inconsistencies and our limited understanding of how the electron requirement for C-fixation (Φe,C) is influenced by the environment and by differences in the composition and physiology of phytoplankton assemblages. We outline a "roadmap" for limiting methodological bias and to develop a more mechanistic understanding of the ecophysiology underlying Φe,C. We 1) re-evaluate core physiological processes governing how microalgae invest photosynthetic electron transport-derived energy and reductant into stored carbon versus alternative sinks. Then, we 2) outline steps to facilitate broader uptake and exploitation of FRRf, which could transform our knowledge of aquatic primary productivity. We argue it is time to 3) revise our historic methodological focus on carbon as the currency of choice, to 4) better appreciate that electron transport fundamentally drives ecosystem biogeochemistry, modulates cell-to-cell interactions, and ultimately modifies community biomass and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hughes
- Climate Change Cluster , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, Sydney 2007 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Douglas A Campbell
- Department of Biology , Mount Allison University , Sackville , New Brunswick E4L 1E4 , Canada
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, Sydney 2007 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jacco C Kromkamp
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems , NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University , P.O. Box 140, 4401 NT Yerseke , The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn Lawrenz
- Centre Algatech , Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Třeboň 379 81 , Czech Republic
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science , University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton , European Way , Southampton SO14 3ZH , U.K
| | | | - Ondřej Prášil
- Centre Algatech , Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences , Třeboň 379 81 , Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Climate Change Cluster , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, Sydney 2007 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Marco F Alvarez
- Climate Change Cluster , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, Sydney 2007 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster , University of Technology Sydney , Ultimo, Sydney 2007 , New South Wales , Australia
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15
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Polyviou D, Machelett MM, Hitchcock A, Baylay AJ, MacMillan F, Moore CM, Bibby TS, Tews I. Structural and functional characterization of IdiA/FutA (Tery_3377), an iron-binding protein from the ocean diazotroph Trichodesmium erythraeum. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18099-18109. [PMID: 30217820 PMCID: PMC6254336 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic cyanobacteria (diazotrophs) strongly influences oceanic primary production and in turn affects global biogeochemical cycles. Species of the genus Trichodesmium are major contributors to marine diazotrophy, accounting for a significant proportion of the fixed nitrogen in tropical and subtropical oceans. However, Trichodesmium spp. are metabolically constrained by the availability of iron, an essential element for both the photosynthetic apparatus and the nitrogenase enzyme. Survival strategies in low-iron environments are typically poorly characterized at the molecular level, because these bacteria are recalcitrant to genetic manipulation. Here, we studied a homolog of the iron deficiency-induced A (IdiA)/ferric uptake transporter A (FutA) protein, Tery_3377, which has been used as an in situ iron-stress biomarker. IdiA/FutA has an ambiguous function in cyanobacteria, with its homologs hypothesized to be involved in distinct processes depending on their cellular localization. Using signal sequence fusions to GFP and heterologous expression in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, we show that Tery_3377 is targeted to the periplasm by the twin-arginine translocase and can complement the deletion of the native Synechocystis ferric-iron ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein (FutA2). EPR spectroscopy revealed that purified recombinant Tery_3377 has specificity for iron in the Fe3+ state, and an X-ray crystallography–determined structure uncovered a functional iron substrate–binding domain, with Fe3+ pentacoordinated by protein and buffer ligands. Our results support assignment of Tery_3377 as a functional FutA subunit of an Fe3+ ABC transporter but do not rule out dual IdiA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despo Polyviou
- From the Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz M Machelett
- From the Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom,; the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, and
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- From the Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Baylay
- From the Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser MacMillan
- the School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - C Mark Moore
- From the Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- From the Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Tews
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom, and.
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16
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Berepiki A, Gittins JR, Moore CM, Bibby TS. Rational engineering of photosynthetic electron flux enhances light-powered cytochrome P450 activity. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2018; 3:ysy009. [PMID: 32995517 PMCID: PMC7445785 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we exploited a modified photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PET) in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7002, where electrons derived from water-splitting are used to power reactions catalyzed by a heterologous cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1). A simple in vivo fluorescent assay for CYP1A1 activity was employed to determine the impact of rationally engineering of photosynthetic electron flow. This showed that knocking out a subunit of the type I NADH dehydrogenase complex (NDH-1), suggested to be involved in cyclic photosynthetic electron flow (ΔndhD2), can double the activity of CYP1A1, with a concomitant increase in the flux of electrons from photosynthesis. This also resulted in an increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the ATP/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) ratio, suggesting that expression of a heterologous electron sink in photosynthetic organisms can be used to modify the bioenergetic landscape of the cell. We therefore demonstrate that CYP1A1 is limited by electron supply and that photosynthesis can be re-engineered to increase heterologous P450 activity for the production of high-value bioproducts. The increase in cellular ATP achieved could be harnessed to support metabolically demanding heterologous processes. Furthermore, this experimental system could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adokiye Berepiki
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess St, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - John R Gittins
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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17
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Achterberg EP, Steigenberger S, Marsay CM, LeMoigne FAC, Painter SC, Baker AR, Connelly DP, Moore CM, Tagliabue A, Tanhua T. Iron Biogeochemistry in the High Latitude North Atlantic Ocean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1283. [PMID: 29352137 PMCID: PMC5775377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine microbial organisms, and low supply controls productivity in large parts of the world’s ocean. The high latitude North Atlantic is seasonally Fe limited, but Fe distributions and source strengths are poorly constrained. Surface ocean dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations were low in the study region (<0.1 nM) in summer 2010, with significant perturbations during spring 2010 in the Iceland Basin as a result of an eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano (up to 2.5 nM DFe near Iceland) with biogeochemical consequences. Deep water concentrations in the vicinity of the Reykjanes Ridge system were influenced by pronounced sediment resuspension, with indications for additional inputs by hydrothermal vents, with subsequent lateral transport of Fe and manganese plumes of up to 250–300 km. Particulate Fe formed the dominant pool, as evidenced by 4–17 fold higher total dissolvable Fe compared with DFe concentrations, and a dynamic exchange between the fractions appeared to buffer deep water DFe. Here we show that Fe supply associated with deep winter mixing (up to 103 nmol m−2 d−1) was at least ca. 4–10 times higher than atmospheric deposition, diffusive fluxes at the base of the summer mixed layer, and horizontal surface ocean fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Achterberg
- Earth and Ocean Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK. .,GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steigenberger
- Earth and Ocean Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.,National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Chris M Marsay
- Earth and Ocean Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.,Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, 31411, USA
| | - Frédéric A C LeMoigne
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, Germany.,National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | | | - Alex R Baker
- School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - C Mark Moore
- Earth and Ocean Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Toste Tanhua
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, 24148, Germany
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18
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Polyviou D, Baylay AJ, Hitchcock A, Robidart J, Moore CM, Bibby TS. Desert Dust as a Source of Iron to the Globally Important Diazotroph Trichodesmium. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2683. [PMID: 29387046 PMCID: PMC5776111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium sp. accounts for approximately half of the annual ‘new’ nitrogen introduced to the global ocean but its biogeography and activity is often limited by the availability of iron (Fe). A major source of Fe to the open ocean is Aeolian dust deposition in which Fe is largely comprised of particles with reduced bioavailability over soluble forms of Fe. We report that Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 has improved growth rate and photosynthetic physiology and down-regulates Fe-stress biomarker genes when cells are grown in the direct vicinity of, rather than physically separated from, Saharan dust particles as the sole source of Fe. These findings suggest that availability of non-soluble forms of dust-associated Fe may depend on cell contact. Transcriptomic analysis further reveals unique profiles of gene expression in all tested conditions, implying that Trichodesmium has distinct molecular signatures related to acquisition of Fe from different sources. Trichodesmium thus appears to be capable of employing specific mechanisms to access Fe from complex sources in oceanic systems, helping to explain its role as a key microbe in global biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despo Polyviou
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Baylay
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Robidart
- Ocean Technology and Engineering Group, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C M Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, Southampton, United Kingdom
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19
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Browning TJ, Achterberg EP, Rapp I, Engel A, Bertrand EM, Tagliabue A, Moore CM. Nutrient co-limitation at the boundary of an oceanic gyre. Nature 2017; 551:242-246. [PMID: 29088696 DOI: 10.1038/nature24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation of oceanic primary production exerts a fundamental control on marine food webs and the flux of carbon into the deep ocean. The extensive boundaries of the oligotrophic sub-tropical gyres collectively define the most extreme transition in ocean productivity, but little is known about nutrient limitation in these zones. Here we present the results of full-factorial nutrient amendment experiments conducted at the eastern boundary of the South Atlantic gyre. We find extensive regions in which the addition of nitrogen or iron individually resulted in no significant phytoplankton growth over 48 hours. However, the addition of both nitrogen and iron increased concentrations of chlorophyll a by up to approximately 40-fold, led to diatom proliferation, and reduced community diversity. Once nitrogen-iron co-limitation had been alleviated, the addition of cobalt or cobalt-containing vitamin B12 could further enhance chlorophyll a yields by up to threefold. Our results suggest that nitrogen-iron co-limitation is pervasive in the ocean, with other micronutrients also approaching co-deficiency. Such multi-nutrient limitations potentially increase phytoplankton community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Insa Rapp
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Erin M Bertrand
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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20
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Abstract
Increasing the efficiency of the conversion of light energy to products by photosynthesis represents a grand challenge in biotechnology. Photosynthesis is limited by the carbon-fixing enzyme Rubisco resulting in much of the absorbed energy being wasted as heat or fluorescence or lost as excess reductant via alternative electron dissipation pathways. To harness this wasted reductant, we engineered the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7002 to express the mammalian cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 to serve as an artificial electron sink for excess electrons derived from light-catalyzed water-splitting. This improved photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the maximum rate of photosynthetic electron flow by 31.3%. A simple fluorescent assay for CYP1A1 activity demonstrated that the P450 was functional in the absence of its native reductase, that activity was light-dependent and scaled with irradiance. We show for the first time in live cells that photosynthetic reductant can be redirected to power a heterologous cytochrome P450. Furthermore, Synechococcus PCC 7002 expressing CYP1A1 degraded the herbicide atrazine, which is a widespread environmental pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adokiye Berepiki
- Ocean
and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mark Moore
- Ocean
and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Bibby
- Ocean
and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
The supply of a range of nutrient elements to surface waters is an important driver of oceanic production and the subsequent linked cycling of the nutrients and carbon. Relative deficiencies of different nutrients with respect to biological requirements, within both surface and internal water masses, can be both a key indicator and driver of the potential for these nutrients to become limiting for the production of new organic material in the upper ocean. The availability of high-quality, full-depth and global-scale datasets on the concentrations of a wide range of both macro- and micro-nutrients produced through the international GEOTRACES programme provides the potential for estimation of multi-element deficiencies at unprecedented scales. Resultant coherent large-scale patterns in diagnosed deficiency can be linked to the interacting physical-chemical-biological processes which drive upper ocean nutrient biogeochemistry. Calculations of ranked deficiencies across multiple elements further highlight important remaining uncertainties in the stoichiometric plasticity of nutrient ratios within oceanic microbial systems and caveats with regards to linkages to upper ocean nutrient limitation.This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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22
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Sargent EC, Hitchcock A, Johansson SA, Langlois R, Moore CM, LaRoche J, Poulton AJ, Bibby TS. Evidence for polyploidy in the globally important diazotroph Trichodesmium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw244. [PMID: 27797867 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy is a well-described trait in some prokaryotic organisms; however, it is unusual in marine microbes from oligotrophic environments, which typically display a tendency towards genome streamlining. The biogeochemically significant diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is a potential exception. With a relatively large genome and a comparatively high proportion of non-protein-coding DNA, Trichodesmium appears to allocate relatively more resources to genetic material than closely related organisms and microbes within the same environment. Through simultaneous analysis of gene abundance and direct cell counts, we show for the first time that Trichodesmium spp. can also be highly polyploid, containing as many as 100 genome copies per cell in field-collected samples and >600 copies per cell in laboratory cultures. These findings have implications for the widespread use of the abundance of the nifH gene (encoding a subunit of the N2-fixing enzyme nitrogenase) as an approach for quantifying the abundance and distribution of marine diazotrophs. Moreover, polyploidy may combine with the unusual genomic characteristics of this genus both in reflecting evolutionary dynamics and influencing phenotypic plasticity and ecological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Sargent
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - S Andreas Johansson
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Rebecca Langlois
- Department of Biology, Life Science Centre, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Julie LaRoche
- Department of Biology, Life Science Centre, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alex J Poulton
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and Ecosystems, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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Huang C, Jiang D, Francisco D, Berman R, Wu Q, Ledford JG, Moore CM, Ito Y, Stevenson C, Munson D, Li L, Kraft M, Chu HW. Tollip SNP rs5743899 modulates human airway epithelial responses to rhinovirus infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1549-1563. [PMID: 27513438 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infection in asthma induces varying degrees of airway inflammation (e.g. neutrophils), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The major goal was to determine the role of genetic variation [e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) in airway epithelial responses to RV in a type 2 cytokine milieu. METHODS DNA from blood of asthmatic and normal subjects was genotyped for Tollip SNP rs5743899 AA, AG and GG genotypes. Human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells from donors without lung disease were cultured to determine pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses to IL-13 and RV16. Tollip knockout and wild-type mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) and infected with RV1B to determine lung inflammation and antiviral response. RESULTS Asthmatic subjects carrying the AG or GG genotype (AG/GG) compared with the AA genotype demonstrated greater airflow limitation. HTBE cells with AG/GG expressed less Tollip. Upon IL-13 and RV16 treatment, cells with AG/GG (vs. AA) produced more IL-8 and expressed less antiviral genes, which was coupled with increased NF-κB activity and decreased expression of LC3, a hallmark of the autophagic pathway. Tollip co-localized and interacted with LC3. Inhibition of autophagy decreased antiviral genes in IL-13- and RV16-treated cells. Upon HDM and RV1B, Tollip knockout (vs. wild-type) mice demonstrated higher levels of lung neutrophilic inflammation and viral load, but lower levels of antiviral gene expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that Tollip SNP rs5743899 may predict varying airway response to RV infection in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J G Ledford
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Y Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Munson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
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Shah TT, Peters M, Kanthabalan A, McCartan N, Fatola Y, van der Voort van Zyp J, van Vulpen M, Freeman A, Moore CM, Arya M, Emberton M, Ahmed HU. PSA nadir as a predictive factor for biochemical disease-free survival and overall survival following whole-gland salvage HIFU following radiotherapy failure. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2016; 19:311-6. [PMID: 27431499 PMCID: PMC4983180 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Treatment options for radio-recurrent prostate cancer are either androgen-deprivation therapy or salvage prostatectomy. Whole-gland high-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) might have a role in this setting. Methods: An independent HIFU registry collated consecutive cases of HIFU. Between 2005 and 2012, we identified 50 men who underwent whole-gland HIFU following histological confirmation of localised disease following prior external beam radiotherapy (2005–2012). No upper threshold was applied for risk category, PSA or Gleason grade either at presentation or at the time of failure. Progression was defined as a composite with biochemical failure (Phoenix criteria (PSA>nadir+2 ng ml−1)), start of systemic therapies or metastases. Results: Median age (interquartile range (IQR)), pretreatment PSA (IQR) and Gleason score (range) were 68 years (64–72), 5.9 ng ml−1 (2.2–11.3) and 7 (6–9), respectively. Median follow-up was 64 months (49–84). In all, 24/50 (48%) avoided androgen-deprivation therapies. Also, a total of 28/50 (56%) achieved a PSA nadir <0.5 ng ml−1, 15/50 (30%) had a nadir ⩾0.5 ng ml−1 and 7/50 (14%) did not nadir (PSA non-responders). Actuarial 1, 3 and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 72, 40 and 31%, respectively. Actuarial 1, 3 and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 100, 94 and 87%, respectively. When comparing patients with PSA nadir <0.5 ng ml−1, nadir ⩾0.5 and non-responders, a statistically significant difference in PFS was seen (P<0.0001). Three-year PFS in each group was 57, 20 and 0%, respectively. Five-year OS was 96, 100 and 38%, respectively. Early in the learning curve, between 2005 and 2007, 3/50 (6%) developed a fistula. Intervention for bladder outlet obstruction was needed in 27/50 (54%). Patient-reported outcome measure questionnaires showed incontinence (any pad-use) as 8/26 (31%). Conclusions: In our series of high-risk patients, in whom 30–50% may have micro-metastases, disease control rates were promising in PSA responders, however, with significant morbidity. Additionally, post-HIFU PSA nadir appears to be an important predictor for both progression and survival. Further research on focal salvage ablation in order to reduce toxicity while retaining disease control rates is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Shah
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Urology, Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Peters
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Kanthabalan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N McCartan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y Fatola
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J van der Voort van Zyp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M van Vulpen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Freeman
- Department of Histopathology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C M Moore
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Arya
- Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,NIHR UCLH/UCL Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - H U Ahmed
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Urology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jickells
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;
| | - C. Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Center Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
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Polyviou D, Hitchcock A, Baylay AJ, Moore CM, Bibby TS. Phosphite utilization by the globally important marine diazotroph Trichodesmium. Environ Microbiol Rep 2015; 7:824-30. [PMID: 26081517 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Species belonging to the filamentous cyanobacterial genus Trichodesmium are responsible for a significant fraction of oceanic nitrogen fixation. The availability of phosphorus (P) likely constrains the growth of Trichodesmium in certain regions of the ocean. Moreover, Trichodesmium species have recently been shown to play a role in an emerging oceanic phosphorus redox cycle, further highlighting the key role these microbes play in many biogeochemical processes in the contemporary ocean. Here, we show that Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 can grow on the reduced inorganic compound phosphite as its sole source of P. The components responsible for phosphite utilization are identified through heterologous expression of the T. erythraeum IMS101 Tery_0365-0368 genes, encoding a putative adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent dehydrogenase, in the model cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. We demonstrate that only combined expression of both the transporter and the dehydrogenase enables Synechocystis to utilize phosphite, confirming the function of Tery_0365-0367 as a phosphite uptake system (PtxABC) and Tery_0368 as a phosphite dehydrogenase (PtxD). Our findings suggest that reported uptake of phosphite by Trichodesmium consortia in the field likely reflects an active biological process by Trichodesmium. These results highlight the diversity of phosphorus sources available to Trichodesmium in a resource-limited ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despo Polyviou
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alison J Baylay
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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27
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Snow JT, Polyviou D, Skipp P, Chrismas NAM, Hitchcock A, Geider R, Moore CM, Bibby TS. Quantifying Integrated Proteomic Responses to Iron Stress in the Globally Important Marine Diazotroph Trichodesmium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142626. [PMID: 26562022 PMCID: PMC4642986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichodesmium is a biogeochemically important marine cyanobacterium, responsible for a significant proportion of the annual 'new' nitrogen introduced into the global ocean. These non-heterocystous filamentous diazotrophs employ a potentially unique strategy of near-concurrent nitrogen fixation and oxygenic photosynthesis, potentially burdening Trichodesmium with a particularly high iron requirement due to the iron-binding proteins involved in these processes. Iron availability may therefore have a significant influence on the biogeography of Trichodesmium. Previous investigations of molecular responses to iron stress in this keystone marine microbe have largely been targeted. Here a holistic approach was taken using a label-free quantitative proteomics technique (MSE) to reveal a sophisticated multi-faceted proteomic response of Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 to iron stress. Increased abundances of proteins known to be involved in acclimation to iron stress and proteins known or predicted to be involved in iron uptake were observed, alongside decreases in the abundances of iron-binding proteins involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Preferential loss of proteins with a high iron content contributed to overall reductions of 55-60% in estimated proteomic iron requirements. Changes in the abundances of iron-binding proteins also suggested the potential importance of alternate photosynthetic pathways as Trichodesmium reallocates the limiting resource under iron stress. Trichodesmium therefore displays a significant and integrated proteomic response to iron availability that likely contributes to the ecological success of this species in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Snow
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Despo Polyviou
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Skipp
- Centre for Proteomic Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan A. M. Chrismas
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Geider
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Bibby
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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28
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Arbisser A, Arbisser LB, Garcia CA, Akhtar M, Moore CM, Howell RR. Ocular findings in acid lipase deficiency. Monogr Hum Genet 2015; 9:193-7. [PMID: 732840 DOI: 10.1159/000401635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
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30
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Kass-Iliyya A, Jenks J, Moore CM, Hamid R, Shah JR, Greenwell TJ, Ockrim JL. Tined lead versus percutaneous nerve evaluation for sacral nerve stimulator assessment. Journal of Clinical Urology 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415814541651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: We compared the outcomes of percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) with first-stage tined lead placement (FSTLP) for the testing phase of sacral nerve neuromodulation (SNM), and we assessed the outcomes of these two techniques following implantation of a (second-stage) permanent sacral nerve stimulator (SNS). Methods: Seventy consecutive patients had either PNE ( n = 35) or FSTLP ( n = 35) evaluation, and conversion to a permanent SNS implant according to response. Primary outcomes were assessed using frequency-volume charts, pad testing, ICIQ/EQ5D questionnaires and global health perception visual analogue scale (VAS). Success was considered if they achieved greater than 50% improvement in their urinary symptoms. Success and failure rates were compared during the test phase and after implantation of the SNS. Results: Mean follow-up for the FSTLP group was 14 months (nine to 20) and for the PNE group was 22 months (eight to 27). Sixteen (46%) of the PNE tests and 20 (57%) of the FSTLP patients were converted to permanent implant. A significant correlation was noted between patients’ general health (VAS score) and a successful test phase ( r = 0.297, p = 0.013). Eighteen of 19 (95%) of tined lead patients have successful SNS implants, whereas five of 16 (31%) of PNE evaluations failed to convert test efficacy to the permanent SNS implant ( p = 0.042). Furthermore, two of PNE-SNS patients were successfully salvaged by the implantation of a second tined lead. Conclusions: FSTLP-SNS has a significantly higher success rate than PNE-SNS in converting the test phase to SNS implantation. This may be due in part to difficulties retaining accurate lead placement with the two-lead (PNE-SNS) approach. These findings have important cost and logistical implications for SNS services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Jenks
- University College Hospitals London, UK
| | - CM Moore
- University College Hospitals London, UK
| | - R Hamid
- University College Hospitals London, UK
| | - JR Shah
- University College Hospitals London, UK
| | | | - JL Ockrim
- University College Hospitals London, UK
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- AJ Ridout
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - CM Moore
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London
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32
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Viswanatha RK, Moore CM, Thakar R. Intra-ureteric placement of a urinary catheter in the previously undiagnosed duplex ureter. Int Urogynecol J 2013; 25:143-4. [PMID: 23749239 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-013-2099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the inadvertent insertion of a urinary catheter into the upper moiety ureter of a duplex kidney, in a full-term pregnant woman prior to an emergency caesarean section. The patient complained of severe pain during inflation of the catheter balloon. All measures to deflate the balloon and remove the catheter failed. Retrograde ureteric contrast examination showed the placement of the catheter in the proximal part the right upper moiety ureter of a duplex ureter. The catheter was removed with ureteroscopic forceps. We concluded that congenital variation of the urinary tract can complicate a simple catheterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Viswanatha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Croydon University Hospital, 530 London Road, Croydon, Surrey, CR7 7YE, UK,
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Lawrenz E, Silsbe G, Capuzzo E, Ylöstalo P, Forster RM, Simis SGH, Prášil O, Kromkamp JC, Hickman AE, Moore CM, Forget MH, Geider RJ, Suggett DJ. Predicting the electron requirement for carbon fixation in seas and oceans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58137. [PMID: 23516441 PMCID: PMC3596381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton account for about 50% of all global net primary productivity (NPP). Active fluorometry, mainly Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry (FRRf), has been advocated as means of providing high resolution estimates of NPP. However, not measuring CO2-fixation directly, FRRf instead provides photosynthetic quantum efficiency estimates from which electron transfer rates (ETR) and ultimately CO2-fixation rates can be derived. Consequently, conversions of ETRs to CO2-fixation requires knowledge of the electron requirement for carbon fixation (Φe,C, ETR/CO2 uptake rate) and its dependence on environmental gradients. Such knowledge is critical for large scale implementation of active fluorescence to better characterise CO2-uptake. Here we examine the variability of experimentally determined Φe,C values in relation to key environmental variables with the aim of developing new working algorithms for the calculation of Φe,C from environmental variables. Coincident FRRf and 14C-uptake and environmental data from 14 studies covering 12 marine regions were analysed via a meta-analytical, non-parametric, multivariate approach. Combining all studies, Φe,C varied between 1.15 and 54.2 mol e− (mol C)−1 with a mean of 10.9±6.91 mol e− mol C)−1. Although variability of Φe,C was related to environmental gradients at global scales, region-specific analyses provided far improved predictive capability. However, use of regional Φe,C algorithms requires objective means of defining regions of interest, which remains challenging. Considering individual studies and specific small-scale regions, temperature, nutrient and light availability were correlated with Φe,C albeit to varying degrees and depending on the study/region and the composition of the extant phytoplankton community. At the level of large biogeographic regions and distinct water masses, Φe,C was related to nutrient availability, chlorophyll, as well as temperature and/or salinity in most regions, while light availability was also important in Baltic Sea and shelf waters. The novel Φe,C algorithms provide a major step forward for widespread fluorometry-based NPP estimates and highlight the need for further studying the natural variability of Φe,C to verify and develop algorithms with improved accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Lawrenz
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Institute of Microbiology, ASCR (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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Donaldson IA, Moore CM, Emberton M, Ahmed HU. Re: Geometric evaluation of systematic transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: M. Han, D. Chang, C. Kim, B. J. Lee, Y. Zuo, H.-J. Kim, D. Petrisor, B. Trock, A. W. Partin, R. Rodriguez, H. B. Carter, M. Allaf, J. Kim and D. Stoianovici. J Urol 2012; 188: 2404-2409. J Urol 2013; 190:363-4. [PMID: 23399648 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Robertson NL, Moore CM, Ambler G, Bott SRJ, Freeman A, Gambarota G, Jameson C, Mitra AV, Whitcher B, Winkler M, Kirkham A, Allen C, Emberton M. MAPPED study design: a 6 month randomised controlled study to evaluate the effect of dutasteride on prostate cancer volume using magnetic resonance imaging. Contemp Clin Trials 2012; 34:80-9. [PMID: 23085153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the percentage change in volume of prostate cancer, as assessed by T2-weighted MRI, following exposure to dutasteride (Avodart) 0.5mg daily for six months. PATIENTS AND METHODS MRI in Primary Prostate cancer after Exposure to Dutasteride (MAPPED) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, supported by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). Men with prostate cancer suitable for active surveillance (low-intermediate risk prostate cancer on biopsy), and a visible lesion on T2-weighted MRI of at least 0.2 cc, were eligible for consideration. Forty-two men were randomised to 6 months of daily dutasteride 0.5mg or placebo. Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) scans were performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The percentage changes in cancer volume over time will be compared between the dutasteride and placebo groups. Planned analyses will examine the association between tumour volume and characteristics (perfusion and contrast washout) as seen on mpMRI, HistoScan ultrasound and biopsy histopathology in both groups. DISCUSSION MAPPED is the first randomised controlled trial to use mpMRI to look at the effect of dutasteride on the volume of prostate cancer. If dutasteride is shown to reduce the volume of prostate cancer, it might be considered as an adjunct for men on active surveillance. Analysis of the placebo arm will allow us to comment on the short-term natural variability of the MR appearance in men who are not receiving any treatment. CONCLUSION MAPPED will evaluate the short-term effect of dutasteride on prostate cancer volume, as assessed by mpMRI, in men undergoing active surveillance for low or intermediate risk prostate cancer. The study completed recruitment in January 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Robertson
- Division of Surgical & Interventional Science, University College London, UK.
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Ryan-Keogh TJ, Macey AI, Cockshutt AM, Moore CM, Bibby TS. THE CYANOBACTERIAL CHLOROPHYLL-BINDING-PROTEIN ISIA ACTS TO INCREASE THE IN VIVO EFFECTIVE ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION OF PSI UNDER IRON LIMITATION(1). J Phycol 2012; 48:145-54. [PMID: 27009659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron availability limits primary production in >30% of the world's oceans; hence phytoplankton have developed acclimation strategies. In particular, cyanobacteria express IsiA (iron-stress-induced) under iron stress, which can become the most abundant chl-binding protein in the cell. Within iron-limited oceanic regions with significant cyanobacterial biomass, IsiA may represent a significant fraction of the total chl. We spectroscopically measured the effective cross-section of the photosynthetic reaction center PSI (σPSI ) in vivo and biochemically quantified the absolute abundance of PSI, PSII, and IsiA in the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We demonstrate that accumulation of IsiA results in a ∼60% increase in σPSI , in agreement with the theoretical increase in cross-section based on the structure of the biochemically isolated IsiA-PSI supercomplex from cyanobacteria. Deriving a chl budget, we suggest that IsiA plays a primary role as a light-harvesting antenna for PSI. On progressive iron-stress in culture, IsiA continues to accumulate without a concomitant increase in σPSI , suggesting that there may be a secondary role for IsiA. In natural populations, the potential physiological significance of the uncoupled pool of IsiA remains to be established. However, the functional role as a PSI antenna suggests that a large fraction of IsiA-bound chl is directly involved in photosynthetic electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Ryan-Keogh
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, CanadaSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Anna I Macey
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, CanadaSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Amanda M Cockshutt
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, CanadaSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, CanadaSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Thomas S Bibby
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UKDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, CanadaSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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Stephenson PG, Moore CM, Terry MJ, Zubkov MV, Bibby TS. Improving photosynthesis for algal biofuels: toward a green revolution. Trends Biotechnol 2011; 29:615-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arumainayagam N, Moore CM, Ahmed HU, Emberton M. Photodynamic therapy for focal ablation of the prostate. World J Urol 2010; 28:571-6. [PMID: 20454966 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-010-0554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in early stages of clinical development, photodynamic therapy (PDT) shows promise in delivering focal treatment of both primary and post-radiotherapy prostate cancer. This article will review the mechanism of action of PDT, previous research using PDT for treating prostate cancer including the development of newer vascular-acting photosensitizers, and the potential advantages and disadvantages of PDT in delivering focal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimalan Arumainayagam
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, National Medical Laser Centre, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK.
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Venables H, Moore CM. Phytoplankton and light limitation in the Southern Ocean: Learning from high-nutrient, high-chlorophyll areas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jc005361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deslee G, Woods JC, Moore CM, Liu L, Conradi SH, Milne M, Gierada DS, Pierce J, Patterson A, Lewit RA, Battaile JT, Holtzman MJ, Hogg JC, Pierce RA. Elastin expression in very severe human COPD. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:324-331. [PMID: 19357152 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar elastic fibres are key targets of proteases during the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the current study, we hypothesised that a response to injury leads to enhanced alveolar elastin gene expression in very severe COPD. Lung samples obtained from 43 patients, including 11 with very severe COPD (stage 4), 10 donors, 10 with moderate/severe COPD (stage 2-3) and 12 non-COPD subjects, were analysed for elastin mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation. Alveolar elastic fibres were visualised using Hart's staining of sections of frozen inflated lungs obtained from 11 COPD stage 4 patients and three donor lungs. Compared with donors, non-COPD and stage 2-3 COPD, elastin mRNA expression was significantly increased in very severe COPD lungs (12-fold change), and localised in situ hybridisation induced elastin expression to alveolar walls. Compared with donors, alveolar elastic fibres also comprised a greater volume fraction of total lung tissue in very severe COPD lungs (p<0.01), but elastic fibre content was not increased per lung volume, and desmosine content was not increased. The present study demonstrates enhanced alveolar elastin expression in very severe COPD. The efficiency of this potential repair mechanism and its regulation remain to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Deslee
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Service de Pneumologie CHU Reims, IFR53, Reims, France
| | - J C Woods
- Dept of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Dept of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Liu
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - S H Conradi
- Dept of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Milne
- Dept of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - D S Gierada
- Dept of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Pierce
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Patterson
- Thoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - R A Lewit
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J T Battaile
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - M J Holtzman
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - J C Hogg
- James Hogg iCapture Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - R A Pierce
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Pollard RT, Salter I, Sanders RJ, Lucas MI, Moore CM, Mills RA, Statham PJ, Allen JT, Baker AR, Bakker DCE, Charette MA, Fielding S, Fones GR, French M, Hickman AE, Holland RJ, Hughes JA, Jickells TD, Lampitt RS, Morris PJ, Nédélec FH, Nielsdóttir M, Planquette H, Popova EE, Poulton AJ, Read JF, Seeyave S, Smith T, Stinchcombe M, Taylor S, Thomalla S, Venables HJ, Williamson R, Zubkov MV. Southern Ocean deep-water carbon export enhanced by natural iron fertilization. Nature 2009; 457:577-80. [PMID: 19177128 DOI: 10.1038/nature07716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The addition of iron to high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions induces phytoplankton blooms that take up carbon. Carbon export from the surface layer and, in particular, the ability of the ocean and sediments to sequester carbon for many years remains, however, poorly quantified. Here we report data from the CROZEX experiment in the Southern Ocean, which was conducted to test the hypothesis that the observed north-south gradient in phytoplankton concentrations in the vicinity of the Crozet Islands is induced by natural iron fertilization that results in enhanced organic carbon flux to the deep ocean. We report annual particulate carbon fluxes out of the surface layer, at three kilometres below the ocean surface and to the ocean floor. We find that carbon fluxes from a highly productive, naturally iron-fertilized region of the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean are two to three times larger than the carbon fluxes from an adjacent high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll area not fertilized by iron. Our findings support the hypothesis that increased iron supply to the glacial sub-Antarctic may have directly enhanced carbon export to the deep ocean. The CROZEX sequestration efficiency (the amount of carbon sequestered below the depth of winter mixing for a given iron supply) of 8,600 mol mol(-1) was 18 times greater than that of a phytoplankton bloom induced artificially by adding iron, but 77 times smaller than that of another bloom initiated, like CROZEX, by a natural supply of iron. Large losses of purposefully added iron can explain the lower efficiency of the induced bloom(6). The discrepancy between the blooms naturally supplied with iron may result in part from an underestimate of horizontal iron supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T Pollard
- National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Natural Environment Research Council and University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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Duce RA, LaRoche J, Altieri K, Arrigo KR, Baker AR, Capone DG, Cornell S, Dentener F, Galloway J, Ganeshram RS, Geider RJ, Jickells T, Kuypers MM, Langlois R, Liss PS, Liu SM, Middelburg JJ, Moore CM, Nickovic S, Oschlies A, Pedersen T, Prospero J, Schlitzer R, Seitzinger S, Sorensen LL, Uematsu M, Ulloa O, Voss M, Ward B, Zamora L. Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean. Science 2008. [PMID: 18487184 DOI: 10.1126/science.ll50369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to approximately 3% of the annual new marine biological production, approximately 0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to approximately 1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year. Although approximately 10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Duce
- Departments of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Moore CM, Nathan TR, Lees WR, Mosse CA, Freeman A, Emberton M, Bown SG. Photodynamic therapy using meso tetra hydroxy phenyl chlorin (mTHPC) in early prostate cancer. Lasers Surg Med 2007; 38:356-63. [PMID: 16392142 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prostate cancer is increasing in incidence, but current treatments including surgery and radiotherapy have significant side effects. This pilot study was designed to assess the potential of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using meso tetra hydroxy phenyl chlorin (mTHPC) for organ confined prostate cancer. STUDY DESIGN/PATIENTS AND METHODS Six men with organ confined prostate cancer were photosensitised with mTHPC (0.15 mg/kg). Between 2 and 5 days later, red light (652 nm) was delivered to areas of biopsy proven cancer via fibres inserted through transperineal needles (50-100 J per site). RESULTS After 8 of 10 PDT sessions, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) fell by up to 67%. Early MRI scans showed oedema and patchy necrosis, which resolved over 2 months. Biopsies of treated areas revealed necrosis and fibrosis at 1-2 months. CONCLUSIONS PDT for primary prostate cancer appears safe and can reduce PSA levels. As this was a phase I study, no attempt was made to treat the whole prostate; this or targeted tumour ablation could be attempted in a phase II study with an increased number of fibres. This technique merits further investigation in early prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Moore
- National Medical Laser Centre, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, England.
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Howell KH, Hubbard GB, Moore CM, Dunn BG, von Kap-Herr C, Raveendran M, Rogers JA, Leland MM, Brasky KM, Nathanielsz PW, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch NE. Trisomy of chromosome 18 in the baboon (Papio hamadryas anubis). Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 112:76-81. [PMID: 16276093 DOI: 10.1159/000087516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 18 is usually a lethal chromosomal abnormality and is the second most common autosomal trisomy in humans, with an incidence of 1:8000 live births. It is commonly associated with abnormalities of the lower and upper extremities, having the frequency of 95% and 65%, respectively. A newborn female olive baboon (Papio hamadryas anubis) was diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation and severe arthrogryposis-like congenital joint deformities. Cytogenetic analysis including G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that the congenital abnormalities were associated with chromosomal mosaicism for trisomy 18. Genetic analysis with microsatellites from chromosome 18 confirmed the maternal origin of the extra chromosome 18. This is the first report of trisomy 18 in the baboon, which may be a promising animal model of human disease.
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Allen JT, Brown L, Sanders R, Moore CM, Mustard A, Fielding S, Lucas M, Rixen M, Savidge G, Henson S, Mayor D. Diatom carbon export enhanced by silicate upwelling in the northeast Atlantic. Nature 2005; 437:728-32. [PMID: 16193051 DOI: 10.1038/nature03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular or chain-forming phytoplankton that use silicon (Si) in cell wall construction. Their survival during periods of apparent nutrient exhaustion enhances carbon sequestration in frontal regions of the northern North Atlantic. These regions may therefore have a more important role in the 'biological pump' than they have previously been attributed, but how this is achieved is unknown. Diatom growth depends on silicate availability, in addition to nitrate and phosphate, but northern Atlantic waters are richer in nitrate than silicate. Following the spring stratification, diatoms are the first phytoplankton to bloom. Once silicate is exhausted, diatom blooms subside in a major export event. Here we show that, with nitrate still available for new production, the diatom bloom is prolonged where there is a periodic supply of new silicate: specifically, diatoms thrive by 'mining' deep-water silicate brought to the surface by an unstable ocean front. The mechanism we present here is not limited to silicate fertilization; similar mechanisms could support nitrate-, phosphate- or iron-limited frontal regions in oceans elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Allen
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
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Frost PA, Hubbard GB, Dammann MJ, Snider CL, Moore CM, Hodara VL, Giavedoni LD, Rohwer R, Mahaney MC, Butler TM, Cummins LB, McDonald TJ, Nathanielsz PW, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch NE. White monkey syndrome in infant baboons (Papio species). J Med Primatol 2004; 33:197-213. [PMID: 15271069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2004.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over 23 months, zinc toxicosis was diagnosed in 35 baboons aged 5-12 months in one galvanized metal and concrete cage complex with conditions that led to excessive exposure to environmental zinc. Clinical signs included reduced pigmentation of hair, skin, and mucous membranes (whiteness), alopecia, dehydration, emaciation, cachexia, dermatitis, diarrhea and, in six cases, severe gangrenous dermatitis of extremities. The syndrome was characterized by pancytopenia, elevated zinc and low copper serum concentrations, low vitamin D and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels, and atypical myelomonocytic proliferation of bone marrow. This syndrome emphasizes the importance of proper husbandry and cage design and indicates the potential of infant baboons as a model to study the effects of excessive zinc on development. This is the first report describing the epidemiologic and clinical presentation of zinc toxicosis in infant baboons in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Frost
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most clinicians are aware of the importance of using "evidence based medicine" to support their clinical practice, but where does the evidence come from? The aim of this study was to examine the concordance between papers deemed "important" by urologists compared with those selected by the more objective criteria of the citation index. METHOD To achieve this, two approaches were used; firstly "experts" in various fields of urology were asked to select what they felt were classic papers and secondly urology journals were searched to find the 100 most cited papers for 1982-1997 and 1935-1997. The results of both of these "league tables" were then combined. RESULTS The most cited papers varied depending on the time period studied. When the experts' selections were combined with those obtained via citation index it was found that the experts had chosen papers with a high citation index from non-urological as well as urological journals. CONCLUSION It is possible to collate the classic papers within urology and the most effective means of doing so is to combine objective selection with expert choice. This is an exercise that can be repeated within any specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thomas
- Urology Department, Kingston Hospital, Gallsworthy Road, Kingston, Surrey KT2 7QB, UK.
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Renshaw PF, Parow AM, Hirashima F, Ke Y, Moore CM, Frederick BDB, Fava M, Hennen J, Cohen BM. Multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of brain purines in major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:2048-55. [PMID: 11729024 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.12.2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies of depressed adults have shown abnormalities in cerebral energy metabolism, as noted by low brain levels of nucleoside triphosphate (NTP), which primarily represents adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This study was undertaken to determine whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) measures of the low-field purine resonance, which arises primarily from adenosine phosphates, can be used to assess abnormalities in cerebral purine metabolism in depressed adults. METHOD Data from 1H MRS and phosphorus-31 (31P) MRS were acquired for depressed and nondepressed comparison subjects. Intensities of the purine resonance, by 1H MRS (7.5-8.5 ppm), and of NTP, by 31P MRS, were determined. RESULTS Purine resonance intensities did not differ on average between depressed patients and comparison subjects. However, purine levels were approximately 30% lower in female depressed subjects who subsequently responded to fluoxetine treatment than in those who did not respond. Beta-NTP was lower by 21% in responders than in nonresponders and was correlated with purine levels for the depressed subjects. CONCLUSIONS Brain purine levels are low in female depressed patients who respond to treatment with fluoxetine, suggesting that response to treatment might be predicted by using 1H MRS. These observations also suggest that agents that increase brain adenosine levels may have antidepressant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Renshaw
- Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Abstract
This study examined the combined effects of administration of exogenous GM1 ganglioside and electrical stimulation on the cochlear nucleus (CN) of cats deafened neonatally by ototoxic drugs. Five normal hearing adult cats served as controls. Another 12 cats were deafened bilaterally by daily injections of neomycin sulfate (60 mg/kg) for 17-21 days after birth until auditory brainstem testing demonstrated profound hearing loss. Six of the deaf animals comprised the GM1 group, which received daily injections of GM1 ganglioside (30 mg/kg) for 28-38 days during the period after profound deafness was confirmed, and prior to receiving a cochlear implant. The non-GM1 group (n=6) received no treatment during this interim period. All the deafened animals underwent unilateral cochlear implantation at 6-9 weeks postnatal and received several months (mean duration, 32 weeks) of chronic electrical stimulation (4 h/day, 5 days/week). Stimulation was delivered by intracochlear bipolar electrodes, using electrical signals that were designed to be temporally challenging to the central auditory system. Results showed that in the neonatally deafened animals, both the GM1 and non-GM1 groups, the volume of the CN was markedly reduced (to 76% of normal), but there was no difference between the animals that received GM1 and those that did not. The cross sectional areas of spherical cell somata in both GM1 and non-GM1 groups also showed a highly significant reduction in size, to < or =75% of normal after neonatal deafening. Moreover, in both the GM1 and non-GM1 groups, the spherical cells in the CN ipsilateral to the implanted cochlea were significantly larger (6%) than cells in the control, unstimulated CN. Again, however, there was no significant difference between the GM1 group and the non-GM1 group in spherical cell size. These results contrast sharply with previous reports that exogenous GM1 prevents CN degeneration after neonatal conductive hearing loss and partially prevents spiral ganglion cell degeneration when administered immediately after ototoxic drug deafening in adult animals. Taken together, findings to date suggest that GM1 may be effective in preventing degeneration only if the GM1 is administered immediately at the time hearing loss occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Osofsky
- Epstein Laboratories, Department of Otolaryngology, HNS, University of California San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Ave., Room U-490, San Francisco, CA 94143-0526, USA
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