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Rocchi A, von Jackowski A, Welti A, Li G, Kanji ZA, Povazhnyy V, Engel A, Schmale J, Nenes A, Berdalet E, Simó R, Dall Osto M. Glucose Enhances Salinity-Driven Sea Spray Aerosol Production in Eastern Arctic Waters. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38709019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Sea spray aerosols (SSA) greatly affect the climate system by scattering solar radiation and acting as seeds for cloud droplet formation. The ecosystems in the Arctic Ocean are rapidly changing due to global warming, and the effects these changes have on the generation of SSA, and thereby clouds and fog formation in this region, are unknown. During the ship-based Arctic Century Expedition, we examined the dependency of forced SSA production on the biogeochemical characteristics of seawater using an on-board temperature-controlled aerosol generation chamber with a plunging jet system. Our results indicate that mainly seawater salinity and organic content influence the production and size distribution of SSA. However, we observed a 2-fold higher SSA production from waters with similar salinity collected north of 81°N compared to samples collected south of this latitude. This variability was not explained by phytoplankton and bacterial abundances or Chlorophyll-a concentration but by the presence of glucose in seawater. The synergic action of sea salt (essential component) and glucose or glucose-rich saccharides (enhancer) accounts for >80% of SSA predictability throughout the cruise. Our results suggest that besides wind speed and salinity, SSA production in Arctic waters is also affected by specific organics released by the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rocchi
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM, CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Barcelona, Carrer Martí i Franquès, s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel von Jackowski
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - André Welti
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio, 1. 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guangyu Li
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zamin A Kanji
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliy Povazhnyy
- The Otto Schmidt Laboratory, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Beringa, 38. 199397 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstraße 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Schmale
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM, CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafel Simó
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM, CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Dall Osto
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM, CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Wietz M, Engel A, Ramondenc S, Niwano M, von Appen WJ, Priest T, von Jackowski A, Metfies K, Bienhold C, Boetius A. The Arctic summer microbiome across Fram Strait: Depth, longitude, and substrate concentrations structure microbial diversity in the euphotic zone. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16568. [PMID: 38268397 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The long-term dynamics of microbial communities across geographic, hydrographic, and biogeochemical gradients in the Arctic Ocean are largely unknown. To address this, we annually sampled polar, mixed, and Atlantic water masses of the Fram Strait (2015-2019; 5-100 m depth) to assess microbiome composition, substrate concentrations, and oceanographic parameters. Longitude and water depth were the major determinants (~30%) of microbial community variability. Bacterial alpha diversity was highest in lower-photic polar waters. Community composition shifted from west to east, with the prevalence of, for example, Dadabacteriales and Thiotrichales in Arctic- and Atlantic-influenced waters, respectively. Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon peaked in the western, compared to carbohydrates in the chlorophyll-maximum of eastern Fram Strait. Interannual differences due to the time of sampling, which varied between early (June 2016/2018) and late (September 2019) phytoplankton bloom stages, illustrated that phytoplankton composition and resulting availability of labile substrates influence bacterial dynamics. We identified 10 species clusters with stable environmental correlations, representing signature populations of distinct ecosystem states. In context with published metagenomic evidence, our microbial-biogeochemical inventory of a key Arctic region establishes a benchmark to assess ecosystem dynamics and the imprint of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wietz
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Ramondenc
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matomo Niwano
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wilken-Jon von Appen
- Physical Oceanography of the Polar Seas, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Taylor Priest
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anabel von Jackowski
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Metfies
- Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bienhold
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antje Boetius
- Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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3
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Chamba G, Rissanen M, Barthelmeß T, Saiz-Lopez A, Rose C, Iyer S, Saint-Macary A, Rocco M, Safi K, Deppeler S, Barr N, Harvey M, Engel A, Dunne E, Law CS, Sellegri K. Evidence of nitrate-based nighttime atmospheric nucleation driven by marine microorganisms in the South Pacific. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308696120. [PMID: 37991941 PMCID: PMC10691324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308696120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of ocean-cloud interactions and their effect on climate lacks insight into a key pathway: do biogenic marine emissions form new particles in the open ocean atmosphere? Using measurements collected in ship-borne air-sea interface tanks deployed in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, we identified new particle formation (NPF) during nighttime that was related to plankton community composition. We show that nitrate ions are the only species for which abundance could support NPF rates in our semicontrolled experiments. Nitrate ions also prevailed in the natural pristine marine atmosphere and were elevated under higher sub-10 nm particle concentrations. We hypothesize that these nucleation events were fueled by complex, short-term biogeochemical cycling involving the microbial loop. These findings suggest a new perspective with a previously unidentified role of nitrate of marine biogeochemical origin in aerosol nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chamba
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Clermont-FerrandF-63000, France
| | - Matti Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere33720, Finland
- Chemistry Department, Molecular Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Theresa Barthelmeß
- Research Center for Marine Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel24105, Germany
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28006, Spain
| | - Clémence Rose
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Clermont-FerrandF-63000, France
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere33720, Finland
| | - Alexia Saint-Macary
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington6021, New Zealand
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Manon Rocco
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Clermont-FerrandF-63000, France
| | - Karl Safi
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton3216, New Zealand
| | - Stacy Deppeler
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington6021, New Zealand
| | - Neill Barr
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington6021, New Zealand
| | - Mike Harvey
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington6021, New Zealand
| | - Anja Engel
- Research Center for Marine Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel24105, Germany
| | - Erin Dunne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Environment, AspendaleVIC3195, Australia
| | - Cliff S. Law
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington6021, New Zealand
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Karine Sellegri
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Clermont-FerrandF-63000, France
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4
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Browning TJ, Saito MA, Garaba SP, Wang X, Achterberg EP, Moore CM, Engel A, Mcllvin MR, Moran D, Voss D, Zielinski O, Tagliabue A. Persistent equatorial Pacific iron limitation under ENSO forcing. Nature 2023; 621:330-335. [PMID: 37587345 PMCID: PMC10499608 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Projected responses of ocean net primary productivity to climate change are highly uncertain1. Models suggest that the climate sensitivity of phytoplankton nutrient limitation in the low-latitude Pacific Ocean plays a crucial role1-3, but this is poorly constrained by observations4. Here we show that changes in physical forcing drove coherent fluctuations in the strength of equatorial Pacific iron limitation through multiple El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles, but that this was overestimated twofold by a state-of-the-art climate model. Our assessment was enabled by first using a combination of field nutrient-addition experiments, proteomics and above-water hyperspectral radiometry to show that phytoplankton physiological responses to iron limitation led to approximately threefold changes in chlorophyll-normalized phytoplankton fluorescence. We then exploited the >18-year satellite fluorescence record to quantify climate-induced nutrient limitation variability. Such synoptic constraints provide a powerful approach for benchmarking the realism of model projections of net primary productivity to climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Mak A Saito
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Shungudzemwoyo P Garaba
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Xuechao Wang
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Mark Moore
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anja Engel
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Dawn Moran
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Voss
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Zielinski
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Oldenburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean, Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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5
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Sun CC, Zhao WJ, Yue WZ, Cheng H, Sun FL, Wang YT, Wu ML, Engel A, Wang YS. Polymeric carbohydrates utilization separates microbiomes into niches: insights into the diversity of microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes in the inner shelf of the Pearl River Estuary, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1180321. [PMID: 37425997 PMCID: PMC10322874 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1180321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric carbohydrates are abundant and their recycling by microbes is a key process of the ocean carbon cycle. A deeper analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) can offer a window into the mechanisms of microbial communities to degrade carbohydrates in the ocean. In this study, metagenomic genes encoding microbial CAZymes and sugar transporter systems were predicted to assess the microbial glycan niches and functional potentials of glycan utilization in the inner shelf of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). The CAZymes gene compositions were significantly different between in free-living (0.2-3 μm, FL) and particle-associated (>3 μm, PA) bacteria of the water column and between water and surface sediments, reflecting glycan niche separation on size fraction and selective degradation in depth. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota had the highest abundance and glycan niche width of CAZymes genes, respectively. At the genus level, Alteromonas (Gammaproteobacteria) exhibited the greatest abundance and glycan niche width of CAZymes genes and were marked by a high abundance of periplasmic transporter protein TonB and members of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). The increasing contribution of genes encoding CAZymes and transporters for Alteromonas in bottom water contrasted to surface water and their metabolism are tightly related with particulate carbohydrates (pectin, alginate, starch, lignin-cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan) rather than on the utilization of ambient-water DOC. Candidatus Pelagibacter (Alphaproteobacteria) had a narrow glycan niche and was primarily preferred for nitrogen-containing carbohydrates, while their abundant sugar ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporter supported the scavenging mode for carbohydrate assimilation. Planctomycetota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Bacteroidota had similar potential glycan niches in the consumption of the main component of transparent exopolymer particles (sulfated fucose and rhamnose containing polysaccharide and sulfated-N-glycan), developing considerable niche overlap among these taxa. The most abundant CAZymes and transporter genes as well as the widest glycan niche in the abundant bacterial taxa implied their potential key roles on the organic carbon utilization, and the high degree of glycan niches separation and polysaccharide composition importantly influenced bacterial communities in the coastal waters of PRE. These findings expand the current understanding of the organic carbon biotransformation, underlying the size-fractionated glycan niche separation near the estuarine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ci Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Tu Wang
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mei-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Perner M, Wallmann K, Adam-Beyer N, Hepach H, Laufer-Meiser K, Böhnke S, Diercks I, Bange HW, Indenbirken D, Nikeleit V, Bryce C, Kappler A, Engel A, Scholz F. Environmental changes affect the microbial release of hydrogen sulfide and methane from sediments at Boknis Eck (SW Baltic Sea). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1096062. [PMID: 36620042 PMCID: PMC9822571 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1096062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are modifying the oceanic environment rapidly and are causing ocean warming and deoxygenation, affecting biodiversity, productivity, and biogeochemical cycling. In coastal sediments, anaerobic organic matter degradation essentially fuels the production of hydrogen sulfide and methane. The release of these compounds from sediments is detrimental for the (local) environment and entails socio-economic consequences. Therefore, it is vital to understand which microbes catalyze the re-oxidation of these compounds under environmental dynamics, thereby mitigating their release to the water column. Here we use the seasonally dynamic Boknis Eck study site (SW Baltic Sea), where bottom waters annually fall hypoxic or anoxic after the summer months, to extrapolate how the microbial community and its activity reflects rising temperatures and deoxygenation. During October 2018, hallmarked by warmer bottom water and following a hypoxic event, modeled sulfide and methane production and consumption rates are higher than in March at lower temperatures and under fully oxic bottom water conditions. The microbial populations catalyzing sulfide and methane metabolisms are found in shallower sediment zones in October 2018 than in March 2019. DNA-and RNA profiling of sediments indicate a shift from primarily organotrophic to (autotrophic) sulfide oxidizing Bacteria, respectively. Previous studies using data collected over decades demonstrate rising temperatures, decreasing eutrophication, lower primary production and thus less fresh organic matter transported to the Boknis Eck sediments. Elevated temperatures are known to stimulate methanogenesis, anaerobic oxidation of methane, sulfate reduction and essentially microbial sulfide consumption, likely explaining the shift to a phylogenetically more diverse sulfide oxidizing community based on RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Perner
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany,*Correspondence: Mirjam Perner,
| | - Klaus Wallmann
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Adam-Beyer
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmke Hepach
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Laufer-Meiser
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Böhnke
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabel Diercks
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hermann W. Bange
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Verena Nikeleit
- Department of Geomicrobiology and Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Casey Bryce
- Department of Geomicrobiology and Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Department of Geomicrobiology and Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Scholz
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Galgani L, Goßmann I, Scholz-Böttcher B, Jiang X, Liu Z, Scheidemann L, Schlundt C, Engel A. Hitchhiking into the Deep: How Microplastic Particles are Exported through the Biological Carbon Pump in the North Atlantic Ocean. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:15638-15649. [PMID: 36302504 PMCID: PMC9670853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding residence times of plastic in the ocean is a major knowledge gap in plastic pollution studies. Observations report a large mismatch between plastic load estimates from worldwide production and disposal and actual plastics floating at the sea surface. Surveys of the water column, from the surface to the deep sea, are rare. Most recent work, therefore, addressed the "missing plastic" question using modeling or laboratory approaches proposing biofouling and degradation as the main removal processes in the ocean. Through organic matrices, plastic can affect the biogeochemical and microbial cycling of carbon and nutrients. For the first time, we provide in situ measured vertical fluxes of microplastics deploying drifting sediment traps in the North Atlantic Gyre from 50 m down to 600 m depth, showing that through biogenic polymers plastic can be embedded into rapidly sinking particles also known as marine snow. We furthermore show that the carbon contained in plastic can represent up to 3.8% of the total downward flux of particulate organic carbon. Our results shed light on important pathways regulating the transport of microplastics in marine systems and on potential interactions with the marine carbon cycle, suggesting microplastic removal through the "biological plastic pump".
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galgani
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
- Harbor
Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida
Atlantic University, 5600 N US1, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, United
States
| | - Isabel Goßmann
- Institute
for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, P.O. Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Scholz-Böttcher
- Institute
for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, P.O. Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Xiangtao Jiang
- The
University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- The
University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Dr., Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
| | - Lindsay Scheidemann
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Cathleen Schlundt
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR
Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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8
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Milinković A, Penezić A, Kušan AC, Gluščić V, Žužul S, Skejić S, Šantić D, Godec R, Pehnec G, Omanović D, Engel A, Frka S. Variabilities of biochemical properties of the sea surface microlayer: Insights to the atmospheric deposition impacts. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156440. [PMID: 35660618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition (AD) of nutrients and its impact on the sea surface requires consideration of interfacial processes within the sea surface microlayer (SML), the ocean-atmosphere boundary layer of major importance for many global biogeochemical and climate-related processes. This study comprised a comprehensive dataset, including dissolved NO3-, NH4+ and PO43- in ambient aerosol particles, wet deposition and sea surface samples collected from February to July 2019 at a central Adriatic coastal site. The aerosol mean concentration of dissolved nitrogen (DIN = NO3- + NH4+) and PO43- were 48.8 ± 82.8 μmol m-3 and 0.8 ± 0.6 μmol m-3, respectively, while their total fluxes (dry + wet) ranged from 24.2 to 212.3 μmol m-2 d-1 (mean 123.2 ± 53.2 μmol m-2 d-1) and from 1.2 to 2.1 μmol m-2 d-1 (mean 1.5 ± 0.3 μmol m-2 d-1), respectively. Intensive local episodes of open biomass burning (BB) significantly increased aerosol DIN concentrations as well as DIN deposition fluxes, particularly altering the molar DIN/PO43- ratio of atmospheric samples. The DIN temporal patterns showed high variability in the SML (range 0.2-24.6 μmol L-1, mean 5.0 ± 7.1 μmol L-1) in contrast to the underlying water samples (range 0.5-4.2 μmol L-1, mean 1.9 ± 1.2 μmol L-1), with significant increases during BB periods. Variability in abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophs in the SML along with concentrations of bulk dissolved and particulate organic carbon as well as dissolved and particulate lipids and carbohydrates, gel particles and surfactants followed DIN enhancements with a two-week delay. This study showed that AD can affect the short-term scale enrichments of organic matter in the SML, especially when accompanied by BB emissions typical of the overall Mediterranean coastal environment. This could have strong implications for global air-sea exchange processes, including those of climate relevant gases, mediated by the SML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Milinković
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abra Penezić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Gluščić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silva Žužul
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanda Skejić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ranka Godec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Pehnec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Omanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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9
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Piontek J, Meeske C, Hassenrück C, Engel A, Jürgens K. Organic matter availability drives the spatial variation in the community composition and activity of Antarctic marine bacterioplankton. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4030-4048. [PMID: 35656758 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon cycling by Antarctic microbial plankton is poorly understood but it plays a major role in CO2 sequestration in the Southern Ocean. We investigated the summer bacterioplankton community in the largely understudied Weddell Sea, applying Illumina amplicon sequencing, measurements of bacterial production and chemical analyses of organic matter. The results revealed that the patchy distribution of productive coastal polynyas and less productive, mostly ice-covered sites was the major driver of the spatial changes in the taxonomic composition and activity of bacterioplankton. Gradients in organic matter availability induced by phytoplankton blooms were reflected in the concentrations and composition of dissolved carbohydrates and proteins. Bacterial production at bloom stations was, on average, 2.7 times higher than at less productive sites. Abundant bloom-responsive lineages were predominately affiliated with ubiquitous marine taxa, including Polaribacter, Yoonia-Loktanella, Sulfitobacter, the SAR92 clade, and Ulvibacter, suggesting a widespread genetic potential for adaptation to sub-zero seawater temperatures. A co-occurrence network analysis showed that dominant taxa at stations with low phytoplankton productivity were highly connected, indicating beneficial interactions. Overall, our study demonstrates that heterotrophic bacterial communities along Weddell Sea ice shelves were primarily constrained by the availability of labile organic matter rather than low seawater temperature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Piontek
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Germany
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10
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von Jackowski A, Becker KW, Wietz M, Bienhold C, Zäncker B, Nöthig EM, Engel A. Variations of microbial communities and substrate regimes in the eastern Fram Strait between summer and fall. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4124-4136. [PMID: 35590443 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variations in day length and temperature, in combination with dynamic factors such as advection from the North Atlantic, influence primary production and the microbial loop in the Fram Strait. Here, we investigated the seasonal variability of biopolymers, microbial abundance, and microbial composition within the upper 100 m during summer and fall. Flow cytometry revealed a shift in the autotrophic community from picoeukaryotes dominating in summer to a 34-fold increase of Synechococcus by fall. Furthermore, a significant decline in biopolymers concentrations covaried with increasing microbial diversity based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing along with a community shift towards fewer polymer-degrading genera in fall. The seasonal succession in the biopolymer pool and microbes indicates distinct metabolic regimes, with a higher relative abundance of polysaccharide-degrading genera in summer and a higher relative abundance of common taxa in fall. The parallel analysis of DOM and microbial diversity provides an important baseline for microbe-substrate relationships over the seasonal cycle in the Arctic Ocean. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin W Becker
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christina Bienhold
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Birthe Zäncker
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Nöthig
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Santana-Casiano JM, González-Santana D, Devresse Q, Hepach H, Santana-González C, Quack B, Engel A, González-Dávila M. Exploring the Effects of Organic Matter Characteristics on Fe(II) Oxidation Kinetics in Coastal Seawater. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:2718-2728. [PMID: 35077144 PMCID: PMC8851691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The iron(II) oxidation kinetic process was studied at 25 stations in coastal seawater of the Macaronesia region (9 around Cape Verde, 11 around the Canary Islands, and 5 around Madeira). In a physicochemical context, experiments were carried out to study the pseudo-first-order oxidation rate constant (k', min-1) over a range of pH (7.8, 7.9, 8.0, and 8.1) and temperature (10, 15, 20, and 25 °C). Deviations from the calculated kcal' at the same T, pH, and S were observed for most of the stations. The measured t1/2 (ln 2/k', min) values at the 25 stations ranged from 1.82 to 3.47 min (mean 1.93 ± 0.76 min) and for all but two stations were lower than the calculated t1/2 of 3.21 ± 0.2 min. In a biogeochemical context, nutrients and variables associated with the organic matter spectral properties (CDOM and FDOM) were analyzed to explain the observed deviations. The application of a multilinear regression model indicated that k' can be described (R = 0.921 and SEE = 0.064 for pH = 8 and T = 25 °C) from a linear combination of three organic variables, k'OM = kcal' -0.11* TDN + 29.9*bDOM + 33.4*C1humic, where TDN is the total dissolved nitrogen, bDOM is the spectral peak obtained from colored dissolved organic matter (DOM) analysis when protein-like or tyrosine-like components are present, and C1humic is the component associated with humic-like compounds obtained from the parallel factor analysis of the fluorescent DOM. Results show that compounds with N in their structures mainly explain the observed k' increase for most of the samples, although other components could also play a relevant role. Experimentally, k' provides the net result between the compounds that accelerate the process and those that slow it down.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - David González-Santana
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
- Université
de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Quentin Devresse
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmke Hepach
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolina Santana-González
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Birgit Quack
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Melchor González-Dávila
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Organic matter (OM) plays a significant role in the formation of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) and associated biogeochemical cycling. OM supply processes to the OMZ include physical transport, particle formation, and sinking as well as active transport by migrating zooplankton and nekton. In addition to the availability of oxygen and other electron acceptors, the remineralization rate of OM is controlled by its biochemical quality. Enhanced microbial respiration of OM can induce anoxic microzones in an otherwise oxygenated water column. Reduced OM degradation under low-oxygen conditions, on the other hand, may increase the CO2 storage time in the ocean. Understanding the interdependencies between OM and oxygen cycling is of high relevance for an ocean facing deoxygenation as a consequence of global warming. In this review, we describe OM fluxes into and cycling within two large OMZs associated with eastern boundary upwelling systems that differ greatly in the extent of oxygen loss: the highly oxygen-depleted OMZ in the tropical South Pacific and the moderately hypoxic OMZ in the tropical North Atlantic. We summarize new findings from a large German collaborative research project, Collaborative Research Center 754 (SFB 754), and identify knowledge gaps and future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Rainer Kiko
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Marcus Dengler
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
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13
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Meyer F, Engel A, Krause A, Wagner T, Poole L, Dubrovska A, Peitzsch C, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Borgmann K. OC-0401 Avoidance of DNA Replication Stress Leads to Decreased Cytosolic DNA in Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Zhu K, Hopwood MJ, Groenenberg JE, Engel A, Achterberg EP, Gledhill M. Influence of pH and Dissolved Organic Matter on Iron Speciation and Apparent Iron Solubility in the Peruvian Shelf and Slope Region. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9372-9383. [PMID: 34110803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical speciation of iron (Fe) in oceans is influenced by ambient pH, dissolved oxygen, and the concentrations and strengths of the binding sites of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, we derived new nonideal competitive adsorption (NICA) constants for Fe(III) binding to marine DOM via pH-Fe titrations. We used the constants to calculate Fe(III) speciation and derive the apparent Fe(III) solubility (SFe(III)app) in the ambient water column across the Peruvian shelf and slope region. We define SFe(III)app as the sum of aqueous inorganic Fe(III) species and Fe(III) bound to DOM at a free Fe (Fe3+) concentration equal to the limiting solubility of Fe hydroxide (Fe(OH)3(s)). A ca. twofold increase in SFe(III)app in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) compared to surface waters is predicted. The increase results from a one order of magnitude decrease in H+ concentration which impacts both Fe(III) hydroxide solubility and organic complexation. A correlation matrix suggests that changes in pH have a larger impact on SFe(III)app and Fe(III) speciation than DOM in this region. Using Fe(II) measurements, we calculated ambient DFe(III) and compared the value with the predicted SFe(III)app. The underlying distribution of ambient DFe(III) largely reflected the predicted SFe(III)app, indicating that decreased pH as a result of OMZ intensification and ocean acidification may increase SFe(III)app with potential impacts on surface DFe inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kechen Zhu
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Mark J Hopwood
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Jan E Groenenberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Martha Gledhill
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, Kiel 24148, Germany
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15
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Soler DC, Kowatz T, Sloan AE, McCormick TS, Cooper KD, Stepanyan R, Engel A, Vahedi-Faridi A. A region within the third extracellular loop of rat Aquaporin 6 precludes trafficking to plasma membrane in a heterologous cell line. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13673. [PMID: 34211055 PMCID: PMC8249660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to over-express Aquaporin 6 (AQP6) in the plasma membrane of heterologous cells has hampered efforts to further characterize the function of this aquaglyceroporin membrane protein at atomic detail using crystallographic approaches. Using an Aquaporin 3-tGFP Reporter (AGR) system we have identified a region within loop C of AQP6 that is responsible for severely hampering plasma membrane expression. Serine substitution corroborated that amino acids present within AQP6194–213 of AQP6 loop C contribute to intracellular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention. This intracellular retention signal may preclude proper plasma membrane trafficking and severely curtail expression of AQP6 in heterologous expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Soler
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
| | - T Kowatz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4965, USA
| | - A E Sloan
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA
| | - T S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - K D Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - R Stepanyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - A Engel
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Vahedi-Faridi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4965, USA
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16
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Hofmann BB, Fischer I, Engel A, Jannusch K, Donaldson DM, Karadag C, van Lieshout JH, Beseoglu K, Muhammad S, Turowski B, Hänggi D, Kamp MA, Rubbert C. MTT Heterogeneity in Perfusion CT Imaging as a Predictor of Outcome after Aneurysmal SAH. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1387-1395. [PMID: 34083263 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impairment of tissue oxygenation caused by inhomogeneous microscopic blood flow distribution, the so-called capillary transit time heterogeneity, is thought to contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal SAH but has so far not been systematically evaluated in patients. We hypothesized that heterogeneity of the MTT, derived from CTP parameters, would give insight into the clinical course of patients with aneurysmal SAH and may identify patients at risk of poor outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the heterogeneity of the MTT using the coefficient of variation in CTP scans from 132 patients. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to model the dichotomized mRS outcome. Linear regression was used to eliminate variables with high linear dependence. T tests were used to compare the means of 2 groups. Furthermore, the time of the maximum coefficient of variation for MTT after bleeding was evaluated for correlation with the mRS after 6 months. RESULTS On average, each patient underwent 5.3 CTP scans during his or her stay. Patients with high coefficient of variation for MTT presented more often with higher modified Fisher (P = .011) and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grades (P = .014). A high coefficient of variation for MTT at days 3-21 after aneurysmal SAH correlated significantly with a worse mRS score after 6 months (P = .016). We found no correlation between the time of the maximum coefficient of variation for MTT after bleeding and the patients' outcomes after 6 months (P = .203). CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity of MTT in CTP after aneurysmal SAH correlates with the patients' outcomes. Because the findings are in line with the pathophysiologic concept of the capillary transit time heterogeneity, future studies should seek to verify the coefficient of variation for MTT as a potential imaging biomarker for outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Hofmann
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - I Fischer
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Engel
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Jannusch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (K.J., B.T., C.R.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D M Donaldson
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Karadag
- Medical Faculty (C.K.), University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J H van Lieshout
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Beseoglu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - S Muhammad
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B Turowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (K.J., B.T., C.R.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Hänggi
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M A Kamp
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (B.B.H., I.F., A.E., D.M.D., C.K., J.H.v.L., K.B., S.M., D.H., M.A.K.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - C Rubbert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (K.J., B.T., C.R.), Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Browning TJ, Achterberg EP, Engel A, Mawji E. Manganese co-limitation of phytoplankton growth and major nutrient drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Nat Commun 2021; 12:884. [PMID: 33563991 PMCID: PMC7873070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Residual macronutrients in the surface Southern Ocean result from restricted biological utilization, caused by low wintertime irradiance, cold temperatures, and insufficient micronutrients. Variability in utilization alters oceanic CO2 sequestration at glacial-interglacial timescales. The role for insufficient iron has been examined in detail, but manganese also has an essential function in photosynthesis and dissolved concentrations in the Southern Ocean can be strongly depleted. However, clear evidence for or against manganese limitation in this system is lacking. Here we present results from ten experiments distributed across Drake Passage. We found manganese (co-)limited phytoplankton growth and macronutrient consumption in central Drake Passage, whilst iron limitation was widespread nearer the South American and Antarctic continental shelves. Spatial patterns were reconciled with the different rates and timescales for removal of each element from seawater. Our results suggest an important role for manganese in modelling Southern Ocean productivity and understanding major nutrient drawdown in glacial periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Browning
- grid.15649.3f0000 0000 9056 9663Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eric P. Achterberg
- grid.15649.3f0000 0000 9056 9663Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- grid.15649.3f0000 0000 9056 9663Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
| | - Edward Mawji
- grid.418022.d0000 0004 0603 464XNational Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Sellegri K, Nicosia A, Freney E, Uitz J, Thyssen M, Grégori G, Engel A, Zäncker B, Haëntjens N, Mas S, Picard D, Saint-Macary A, Peltola M, Rose C, Trueblood J, Lefevre D, D'Anna B, Desboeufs K, Meskhidze N, Guieu C, Law CS. Surface ocean microbiota determine cloud precursors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:281. [PMID: 33431943 PMCID: PMC7801489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One pathway by which the oceans influence climate is via the emission of sea spray that may subsequently influence cloud properties. Sea spray emissions are known to be dependent on atmospheric and oceanic physicochemical parameters, but the potential role of ocean biology on sea spray fluxes remains poorly characterized. Here we show a consistent significant relationship between seawater nanophytoplankton cell abundances and sea-spray derived Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) number fluxes, generated using water from three different oceanic regions. This sensitivity of CCN number fluxes to ocean biology is currently unaccounted for in climate models yet our measurements indicate that it influences fluxes by more than one order of magnitude over the range of phytoplankton investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sellegri
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Alessia Nicosia
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyn Freney
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julia Uitz
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Melilotus Thyssen
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography UM110, Aix-Marseille University, Toulon University, CNRS, IRD, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Gérald Grégori
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography UM110, Aix-Marseille University, Toulon University, CNRS, IRD, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Birthe Zäncker
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nils Haëntjens
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Sébastien Mas
- MEDIMEER, UMS3282 OSU OREME, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Sète, France
| | - David Picard
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexia Saint-Macary
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maija Peltola
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clémence Rose
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jonathan Trueblood
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Lefevre
- Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography UM110, Aix-Marseille University, Toulon University, CNRS, IRD, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- Laboratoire Chimie Environnement (LCE), UMR 7673 CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, 13331, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Desboeufs
- LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université de Paris, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Cécile Guieu
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cliff S Law
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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Meyer F, Engel A, Riepen B, Schumacher U, Dubrovska A, Petersen C, Peitzsch C, Hein L, Werner S, Wikmann H, Rothkamm K, Borgmann K. OC-0207: Avoidance of DNA replication stress leads to radioresistance in stem cell-like TNBC. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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von Jackowski A, Grosse J, Nöthig EM, Engel A. Dynamics of organic matter and bacterial activity in the Fram Strait during summer and autumn. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190366. [PMID: 32862814 PMCID: PMC7481659 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic Ocean is considerably affected by the consequences of global warming, including more extreme seasonal fluctuations in the physical environment. So far, little is known about seasonality in Arctic marine ecosystems in particular microbial dynamics and cycling of organic matter. The limited characterization can be partially attributed to logistic difficulties of sampling in the Arctic Ocean beyond the summer season. Here, we investigated the distribution and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), gel particles and heterotrophic bacterial activity in the Fram Strait during summer and autumn. Our results revealed that phytoplankton biomass influenced the concentration and composition of semi-labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which strongly decreased from summer to autumn. The seasonal decrease in bioavailability of DOM appeared to be the dominant control on bacterial abundance and activity, while no temperature effect was determined. Additionally, there were clear differences in transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie Blue stainable particles (CSP) dynamics. The amount of TEP and CSP decreased from summer to autumn, but CSP was relatively enriched in both seasons. Our study therewith indicates clear seasonal differences in the microbial cycling of organic matter in the Fram Strait. Our data may help to establish baseline knowledge about seasonal changes in microbial ecosystem dynamics to better assess the impact of environmental change in the warming Arctic Ocean. This article is part of the theme issue 'The changing Arctic Ocean: consequences for biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functioning'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Grosse
- GEOMAR Helmholz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Nöthig
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Nicolau S, Dasgupta A, Selcen D, Engel A, Doles J, Milone M. CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES 1 – NEMALINE. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Fiene M, Schwab B, Misselhorn J, Herrmann C, Schneider T, Engel A. Phase-specific aftereffects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on visual processing. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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23
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Misselhorn J, Schwab B, Schneider T, Engel A. Bifocal high-definition tACS over early sensory regions modulates crossmodal matching: Combined evidence from EEG and tACS/behavioral studies. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Schwab B, Misselhorn J, Engel A. Modulation of interhemispheric alpha-band connectivity by transcranial alternating current stimulation. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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25
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Zäncker B, Cunliffe M, Engel A. Bacterial Community Composition in the Sea Surface Microlayer Off the Peruvian Coast. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2699. [PMID: 30498480 PMCID: PMC6249803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sea surface microlayer (SML) is located at the air-sea interface, with microorganisms and organic matter in the SML influencing air-sea exchange processes. Yet understanding of the SML bacterial (bacterioneuston) community composition and assembly remains limited. Availability of organic matter, UV radiation and wind speed have previously been suggested to influence the community composition of bacterioneuston. Another mechanism potentially controlling bacterioneuston dynamics is bacterioplankton attached to gel-like particles that ascend through the water column into the SML. We analyzed the bacterial community composition, Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) abundance and nutrient concentrations in the surface waters of the Peruvian upwelling region. The bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton communities were similar, suggesting a close spatial coupling. Four Bacteroidetes families were significantly enriched in the SML, two of them, the Flavobacteriaceae and Cryomorphaceae, were found to comprise the majority of SML-enriched operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The enrichment of these families was controlled by a variety of environmental factors. The SML-enriched bacterial families were negatively correlated with water temperature and wind speed in the SML and positively correlated with nutrient concentrations, salinity and TEP in the underlying water (ULW). The correlations with nutrient concentrations and salinity suggest that the enriched bacterial families were more abundant at the upwelling stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Zäncker
- GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Cunliffe
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Engel A. Cancer Council NSW - Policy and Advocacy: “I Care For Palliative Care” Campaign to Increase Government Investment in Specialist Palliative Care Services. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.50500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and context: I Care for Palliative Care Campaign was developed and delivered by the Cancer Council NSW between November 2015 and July 2017. This advocacy campaign was developed in recognition of the fact that the state had fewer palliative physicians and palliative care nurses than were needed to meet the palliative care demands of the NSW community. This meant that some people with life-limiting cancer were being denied quality of life and were unable to die in the place of their choosing. Moreover, Aboriginal people remained disadvantaged by limited access to specialist palliative care that fits with their community values, beliefs, rituals, heritage and place. Aim: The primary aim of the campaign was to secure additional funding from the NSW Government for an additional 10 FTE palliative physician positions; an extra 129 FTE palliative care nurse positions; and provision of culturally-appropriate specialist palliative care services to Aboriginal people. Strategy/Tactics: Various tactics were used, including collection and sharing of engaging community stories via media and online channels, mobilizing community support via training and events, and targeted engagement of key decision-makers and members of parliament (MPs), which took into consideration marginal electorates, personal experiences with cancer, and geography, noting the issue disproportionally impacts regional and rural communities. An online and offline “pledge” activity was also used, providing both the public and MPs with an opportunity to support the campaign. Program/Policy process: Meetings, the pledge activity, collection and presentation of stories and community-events were all incorporated into a program of activities over the campaign period to engage decision-makers and ultimately influence the policy-making process. Outcomes: An independent qualitative evaluation confirmed that the campaign was undoubtedly a success. It noted that the campaign created an environment in which the NSW government made a historic decision to provide an additional $100 million in funding for palliative care services over four years. Without the campaign, palliative care could well have lost out to other healthcare and government spending priorities. What was learned: The campaign confirmed the power of personal stories as an effective campaign tactic to influence decision-makers. Empowering volunteers to generate local media coverage also resulted in significantly greater coverage for the campaign. The “pledge” activity for MPs was also an effective tactic that brought together the issue, the politician and our brand. Aspects to be improved include simplifying our policy ask, evaluating the resources we invest in key decision makers versus less influential MPs, and assessing how we better integrate political context and political experts into our campaign planning and governance.
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Dessaix A, Engel A. Community Insights to Inform the Policy Positioning of Junk Food Marketing Reform in NSW, Australia. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.59300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and context: In the lead up to the next state election, Cancer Council New South Wales (CCNSW) will run the “Saving Life 2019” advocacy campaign focused on changing NSW Government policy in cancer control. In developing a policy agenda, three priority areas were identified that required further research to better understand public perceptions, inform messaging and engagement strategies. Reform of current junk food marketing on government owned assets (including public transport) was identified as one of these priorities to reduce childhood obesity. Aim: •Understand how key audiences view overweight and obesity as a public health issue and specifically junk food marketing to children •Find new opportunities to progress CCNSW policy objectives by identifying additional key audiences in the general population; •Build the evidence base for a salient and convincing messaging guide for the advocacy campaign strategy and CCNSW's broader policy engagement and influencing work. Strategy/Tactics: The campaign will seek to demonstrate community support for restricting junk food marketing on government owned assets in NSW to the community, the media and political candidates to achieve policy commitments. CCNSW existing campaign strategy includes tactics across grassroots mobilization, targeted political engagement and securing earned media. The development of strategic research to underpin this campaign, including development of an evidence-based communications strategy, was critical in optimizing communications and public engagement. Program/Policy process: CCNSW commissioned an independent external agency to conduct the research. The research used a mixed methodology that included two facilitated online focus groups of up to 20 people each, followed by polling of the general public. Focus groups were conducted over two days, with participants recruited from a wide geographical spread and constituted a mixture of general population and parents who are the main meal preparer in households. Outcomes: A research and communications report containing an overview of the research, key findings, as well as communications considerations based on the research was used to inform our overall campaign strategy, including policy messaging and communications planning. What was learned: Findings noted that unprompted, overweight and obesity is considered an important public health issue. The specific issue of childhood obesity is seen to be a personal family issue and the responsibility of parents. The provision of junk food by parents to children was seen as a driver of childhood obesity, but the role of junk food marketing and its regulation was not top-of-mind. When prompted, the idea of banning junk food advertising on public transport was an action that could be taken by government to tackle childhood obesity, with children perceived as being vulnerable and requiring protection.
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Engel A. Cancer Council New South Wales: Policy and Advocacy Report Community Insights to Inform the Policy Positioning of Tobacco Retailing Reform in NSW, Australia. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.59100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and context: In the lead-up to the next state election, Cancer Council New South Wales (CCNSW) will run the “Saving Life 2019” advocacy campaign focused on changing NSW Government policy in cancer control. In developing a policy agenda, three priority areas were identified that required further research to better understand public perceptions, inform messaging and engagement strategies. Reform of current tobacco retailing was identified as one of these priorities. Aim: Understand how key audiences view current tobacco retailing laws and widespread tobacco availability in NSW; Find new opportunities to progress our policy objectives by identifying additional key audiences in the general population; Build the evidence base for a salient and convincing messaging guide for the advocacy campaign strategy and CCNSW's broader policy engagement and influencing work. Strategy/Tactics: The campaign will seek to demonstrate community support for reform of current tobacco retailing laws in NSW to the community, the media and political candidates to achieve policy commitments. CCNSW existing campaign strategy includes tactics across grassroots mobilization, targeted political engagement and securing earned media. The development of strategic research to underpin this campaign, including development of an evidence-based communications strategy, was critical in optimizing communications and public engagement. Program/Policy process: CCNSW commissioned an independent external agency to conduct the research. The research used a mixed methodology that included a facilitated online focus group of up to 20 people, followed by polling of the general public. Focus groups were conducted over two days, with participants recruited from a wide geographical spread and constituted a mixture of general population, parents, hospitality workers and small business owners. Outcomes: A research and communications report containing an overview of the research, key findings, as well as communications considerations based on the research was used to inform our overall campaign strategy, including policy messaging and communications planning. What was learned: Findings noted that while cancer of all types is seen as a serious public health issue, cancer specifically resulting from smoking and tobacco use is not top-of-mind. It revealed the link between ease of access to tobacco products and increased usage is clearly understood, and there was support for further restricting where tobacco can be sold. The concept of a “retailer fee” to pay for the cost of antismoking initiatives received limited support, mostly driven by concern for smaller retailers. The most popular arguments were those which reinforced existing community beliefs, rather than challenging them.
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Engel A. Cancer Council New South Wales Policy and Advocacy Report: Community Insights to Inform the Policy Positioning of Smoke-Free Legislation Reform in NSW, Australia. J Glob Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.58900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and context: In the lead-up to the next state election, Cancer Council New South Wales (CCNSW) will run the “Saving Life 2019” advocacy campaign focused on changing NSW Government policy in cancer control. In developing a policy agenda, three priority areas were identified that required further research to better understand public perceptions, inform messaging and engagement strategies. Reform of current smoke-free laws was identified as one of these priorities. Aim: Understand how key audiences view current smoke-free laws and issues of exposure to second-hand smoke in NSW licensed venues; Find new opportunities to progress policy objectives by identifying additional key audiences in the general population; Build the evidence base for a salient and convincing messaging guide for the advocacy campaign strategy and our broader policy engagement and influencing work. Strategy/Tactics: The campaign will seek to demonstrate community support for the reform of current smoke-free laws in NSW to the community, the media and political candidates to achieve policy commitments. CCNSW existing campaign strategy includes tactics across grassroots mobilization, targeted political engagement and securing earned media. The development of strategic research to underpin this campaign, including development of an evidence-based communications strategy, was critical in optimizing our communications and public engagement. Program/Policy process: Cancer Council NSW worked with an external agency to conduct the research. The research used a mixed methodology that included a facilitated online focus group of up to 20 people, followed by polling of the general public. Focus groups were conducted over two days, with participants recruited from a wide geographical spread. Targeted sampling to ensure participants visit a pub or club at least once per fortnight was also incorporated. Outcomes: A research and communications report containing an overview of the research, key findings, as well as communications considerations based on the research was used to inform our overall campaign strategy, including policy messaging and communications planning. What was learned: Preliminary findings noted that while smoking and related health issues is a key concern for participants, it is of greatest concern among those who are smokers, have previously smoked, or are close to someone who does. They revealed a high level of awareness of the meaning.
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Burghaus S, Häberle L, Rübner M, Büchner K, Blum S, Engel A, Ekici AB, Hartmann A, Hein A, Renner SP, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA. Gemeinsame Risiko-Pathways von Endometriose und Ovarialkarzinom. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Burghaus
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitäts-Endometriosezentrum Franken, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - L Häberle
- Abteilung für Biostatistik und Datenmanagement, Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - M Rübner
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitäts-Endometriosezentrum Franken, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - K Büchner
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitäts-Endometriosezentrum Franken, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - S Blum
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitäts-Endometriosezentrum Franken, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - A Engel
- Abteilung für Biostatistik und Datenmanagement, Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - AB Ekici
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - A Hartmann
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - A Hein
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitäts-Endometriosezentrum Franken, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - SP Renner
- Klinikum Sindelfingen-Böblingen, Kliniken Böblingen, Böblingen, Deutschland
| | - MW Beckmann
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitäts-Endometriosezentrum Franken, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - PA Fasching
- Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universitäts-Endometriosezentrum Franken, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Deutschland
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
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Schmidt U, Flössel U, Pietsch J, Dinger J, Engel A, Forberger A, Nitzsche K. Intrauterine und perinatale Todesfälle bei maternalem Methamphetaminkonsum. Rechtsmedizin (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00194-018-0269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Michels J, Stippkugel A, Lenz M, Wirtz K, Engel A. Rapid aggregation of biofilm-covered microplastics with marine biogenic particles. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.1203. [PMID: 30158309 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean plastic pollution has resulted in a substantial accumulation of microplastics in the marine environment. Today, this plastic litter is ubiquitous in the oceans, including even remote habitats such as deep-sea sediments and polar sea ice, and it is believed to pose a threat to ecosystem health. However, the concentration of microplastics in the surface layer of the oceans is considerably lower than expected, given the ongoing replenishment of microplastics and the tendency of many plastic types to float. It has been hypothesized that microplastics leave the upper ocean by aggregation and subsequent sedimentation. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the interactions of microplastics with marine biogenic particles collected in the southwestern Baltic Sea. Our laboratory experiments revealed a large potential of microplastics to rapidly coagulate with biogenic particles, which substantiates this hypothesis. Together with the biogenic particles, the microplastics efficiently formed pronounced aggregates within a few days. The aggregation of microplastics and biogenic particles was significantly accelerated by microbial biofilms that had formed on the plastic surfaces. We assume that the demonstrated aggregation behaviour facilitates the export of microplastics from the surface layer of the oceans and plays an important role in the redistribution of microplastics in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Michels
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Angela Stippkugel
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Lenz
- Benthic Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Hohenbergstraße 2, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kai Wirtz
- Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht-Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Biological Oceanography, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schlichtemeier
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - S Tou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - R Parks
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - A Engel
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
In an iterated two-person game, for instance prisoner's dilemma or the snowdrift game, there exist strategies that force the payoffs of the opponents to be equal. These equalizer strategies form a subset of the more general zero-determinant strategies that unilaterally set the payoff of an opponent. A challenge in the attempts to understand the role of these strategies in the evolution of animal behavior is the lack of iterations in the fights for mating opportunities or territory control. We show that an arbitrary two-parameter strategy may possess a corresponding equalizer strategy which produces the same result: statistics of the fight outcomes in the contests with competitors are the same for each of these two strategies. Therefore, analyzing only the equalizer strategy space may be sufficient to predict animal behavior if nature, indeed, reduces (marginalizes) complex strategies to equalizer strategy space. The work's main finding is that there is a unique equalizer strategy that predicts fight outcomes without symmetric cooperation responses. The lack of symmetric cooperation responses is a common trait in conflict escalation contests that generally require a clear winner. In addition, this unique strategy does not assess information of the opponent's state. The method bypasses the standard analysis of evolutionary stability. The results fit well the observations of combat between male bowl and doily spiders and support an empirical assumption of the war of attrition model that the species use only information regarding their own state during conflict escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Engel
- Physics Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002 Israel
| | - A Feigel
- Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
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Yue WZ, Sun CC, Shi P, Engel A, Wang YS, He WH. Effect of temperature on the accumulation of marine biogenic gels in the surface microlayer near the outlet of nuclear power plants and adjacent areas in the Daya Bay, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198735. [PMID: 29889860 PMCID: PMC5995428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface microlayer (SML) in marine systems is often characterized by an enrichment of biogenic, gel-like particles, such as the polysaccharide-containing transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and the protein-containing Coomassie stainable particles (CSP). This study investigated the distribution of TEP and CSP, in the SML and underlying water, as well as their bio-physical controlling factors in Daya Bay, an area impacted by warm discharge from two Nuclear power plants (Npp’s) and aquaculture during a research cruise in July 2014. The SML had higher proportions of cyanobacteria and of pico-size Chl a contrast to the underlayer water, particularly at the nearest outlet station characterized by higher temperature. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and chlorophyll a were depleted in the SML. Both CSP and TEP abundance and total area were enriched in the SML relative to the underlying water, with enrichment factors (EFs) of 1.5–3.4 for CSP numbers and 1.32–3.2 for TEP numbers. Although TEP and CSP showed highest concentration in the region where high productivity and high nutrient concertation were observed, EFs of gels and of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved acidic polysaccharide (> 1 kDa), exhibited higher values near the outlet of the Npp’s than in the adjacent waters. The positive relation between EF’s of gels and temperature and the enrichment of cyanobacteria in the SML may be indicative of future conditions in a warmer ocean, suggesting potential effects on adjusting phytoplankton community, biogenic element cycling and air-sea exchange processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-zhong Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui-ci Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - You-shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Hong He
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Kukovetz K, Engel A, Gutsfeld S, Kithil M, Rauh O, Moroni A, Thiel G. Codon Usage Influences Gating of Small K+ Channels. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Zäncker B, Bracher A, Röttgers R, Engel A. Variations of the Organic Matter Composition in the Sea Surface Microlayer: A Comparison between Open Ocean, Coastal, and Upwelling Sites Off the Peruvian Coast. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2369. [PMID: 29375483 PMCID: PMC5770621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the thin boundary layer between the ocean and the atmosphere, making it important for air-sea exchange processes. However, little is known about what controls organic matter composition in the SML. In particular, there are only few studies available on the differences of the SML of various oceanic systems. Here, we compared the organic matter and neuston species composition in the SML and the underlying water (ULW) at 11 stations with varying distance from the coast in the Peruvian upwelling regime, a system with high emissions of climate relevant trace gases, such as N2O and CO2. In the open ocean, organic carbon, and amino acids were highly enriched in the SML compared to the ULW. The enrichment decreased at the coastal stations and vanished in the upwelling regime. At the same time, the degradation of organic matter increased from the open ocean to the upwelling stations. This suggests that in the open ocean, upward transport processes or new production of organic matter within the SML are faster than degradation processes. Phytoplankton was generally not enriched in the SML, one group though, the Trichodesmium-like TrL (possibly containing Trichodesmium), were enriched in the open ocean but not in the upwelling region indicating that they find a favorable habitat in the open ocean SML. Our data show that the SML is a distinct habitat; its composition is more similar among different systems than between SML and ULW of a single station. Generally the enrichment of organic matter is assumed to be reduced when encountering low primary production and high wind speeds. However, our study shows the highest enrichments of organic matter in the open ocean which had the lowest primary production and the highest wind speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Zäncker
- RD Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Astrid Bracher
- Phytooptics Group, Climate Sciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Environmental Physics, University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Röttgers
- Remote Sensing, Institute for Coastal Research-Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Center for Materials and Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- RD Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR-Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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38
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Browning TJ, Achterberg EP, Rapp I, Engel A, Bertrand EM, Tagliabue A, Moore CM. Nutrient co-limitation at the boundary of an oceanic gyre. Nature 2017; 551:242-246. [PMID: 29088696 DOI: 10.1038/nature24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation of oceanic primary production exerts a fundamental control on marine food webs and the flux of carbon into the deep ocean. The extensive boundaries of the oligotrophic sub-tropical gyres collectively define the most extreme transition in ocean productivity, but little is known about nutrient limitation in these zones. Here we present the results of full-factorial nutrient amendment experiments conducted at the eastern boundary of the South Atlantic gyre. We find extensive regions in which the addition of nitrogen or iron individually resulted in no significant phytoplankton growth over 48 hours. However, the addition of both nitrogen and iron increased concentrations of chlorophyll a by up to approximately 40-fold, led to diatom proliferation, and reduced community diversity. Once nitrogen-iron co-limitation had been alleviated, the addition of cobalt or cobalt-containing vitamin B12 could further enhance chlorophyll a yields by up to threefold. Our results suggest that nitrogen-iron co-limitation is pervasive in the ocean, with other micronutrients also approaching co-deficiency. Such multi-nutrient limitations potentially increase phytoplankton community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Insa Rapp
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Erin M Bertrand
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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Dreshchinskii A, Engel A. Seasonal variations of the sea surface microlayer at the Boknis Eck Times Series Station (Baltic Sea). J Plankton Res 2017; 39:943-961. [PMID: 29731528 PMCID: PMC5914383 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the uppermost layer of the water column that links the ocean and atmosphere. It accumulates a variety of biogenic surface-active and buoyant substances, including gelatinous material, such as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP), potentially affecting air-sea exchange processes. Here, we studied the influence of the annual cycle of phytoplankton production on organic matter (OM) accumulation in the SML relative to the subsurface water (SSW). Sampling was performed monthly from April 2012 to November 2013 at the Boknis Eck Time Series Station (Baltic Sea). For SML sampling, we used the Garrett screen, while SSW samples were collected by Niskin bottles at 1 m depth. Samples were analyzed for carbohydrates, amino acids, TEP, CSP, chlorophyll a (SSW only) and bacterial abundance. Our data showed that the SML reflected the SSW during most parts of the year, with changes mainly responding to bloom formation and decay. OM composition during phytoplankton blooms clearly differed from periods of higher bacterial abundance. Of all components investigated, only the enrichment of total carbohydrates in the SML was inversely related to the wind speed indicating that wind-driven mixing also affected the accumulation of OM in the SML during our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dreshchinskii
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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40
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Yiş U, Becker K, Kurul S, Uyanik G, Bayram E, Haliloglu G, Polat I, Ayanoglu M, Okur D, Tosun A, Serdaroglu G, Yılmaz S, Topaloğlu H, Anlar B, Cirak S, Engel A. Genetic Landscape of congenital myasthenic syndroms from Turkey: novel mutations and clinical insights. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Lenz B, Mühle C, Braun B, Weinland C, Bouna-Pyrrou P, Behrens J, Kubis S, Mikolaiczik K, Muschler MR, Saigali S, Sibach M, Tanovska P, Huber SE, Hoppe U, Eichler A, Heinrich H, Moll GH, Engel A, Goecke TW, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Müller CP, Kornhuber J. Prenatal and adult androgen activities in alcohol dependence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2017; 136:96-107. [PMID: 28383757 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol dependence is more prevalent in men than in women. The evidence for how prenatal and adult androgens influence alcohol dependence is limited. We investigated the effects of prenatal and adult androgen activity on alcohol dependence. Moreover, we studied how the behaviours of pregnant women affect their children's prenatal androgen load. METHOD We quantified prenatal androgen markers (e.g., second-to-fourth finger length ratio [2D : 4D]) and blood androgens in 200 early-abstinent alcohol-dependent in-patients and 240 controls (2013-2015, including a 12-month follow-up). We also surveyed 134 women during pregnancy (2005-2007) and measured the 2D : 4D of their children (2013-2016). RESULTS The prenatal androgen loads were higher in the male alcohol-dependent patients compared to the controls (lower 2D : 4D, P = 0.004) and correlated positively with the patients' liver transaminase activities (P < 0.001) and alcohol withdrawal severity (P = 0.019). Higher prenatal androgen loads and increasing androgen levels during withdrawal predicted earlier and more frequent 12-month hospital readmission in alcohol-dependent patients (P < 0.005). Moreover, stress levels (P = 0.002), alcohol (P = 0.010) and tobacco consumption (P = 0.017), and lifetime stressors (P = 0.019) of women during pregnancy related positively to their children's prenatal androgen loads (lower 2D : 4D). CONCLUSION Androgen activities in alcohol-dependent patients and behaviours of pregnant women represent novel preventive and therapeutic targets of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Bouna-Pyrrou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Behrens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Kubis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Mikolaiczik
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - M-R Muschler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Saigali
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Sibach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Tanovska
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - S E Huber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - U Hoppe
- Department of Audiology, ENT Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Eichler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Heinrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - G H Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Engel
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - T W Goecke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Perinatal Medicine and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - P A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - C P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Engel A, Piontek J, Metfies K, Endres S, Sprong P, Peeken I, Gäbler-Schwarz S, Nöthig EM. Inter-annual variability of transparent exopolymer particles in the Arctic Ocean reveals high sensitivity to ecosystem changes. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28646231 PMCID: PMC5482855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are a class of marine gel particles and important links between surface ocean biology and atmospheric processes. Derived from marine microorganisms, these particles can facilitate the biological pumping of carbon dioxide to the deep sea, or act as cloud condensation and ice nucleation particles in the atmosphere. Yet, environmental controls on TEP abundance in the ocean are poorly known. Here, we investigated some of these controls during the first multiyear time-series on TEP abundance for the Fram Strait, the Atlantic gateway to the Central Arctic Ocean. Data collected at the Long-Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN during 2009 to 2014 indicate a strong biological control with highest abundance co-occurring with the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis pouchetii. Higher occurrence of P. pouchetii in the Arctic Ocean has previously been related to northward advection of warmer Atlantic waters, which is expected to increase in the future. Our study highlights the role of plankton key species in driving climate relevant processes; thus, changes in plankton distribution need to be accounted for when estimating the ocean's biogeochemical response to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Judith Piontek
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Metfies
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Postfach 2503, D-26111, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Endres
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pim Sprong
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ilka Peeken
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Steffi Gäbler-Schwarz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Nöthig
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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43
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Schlichtemeier S, Logaraj A, Gill AJ, Engel A. Response to Bethune et al. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:589-590. [PMID: 28494522 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Schlichtemeier
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - A Logaraj
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - A J Gill
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - A Engel
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Healthy Ageing and Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Browning TJ, Achterberg EP, Yong JC, Rapp I, Utermann C, Engel A, Moore CM. Iron limitation of microbial phosphorus acquisition in the tropical North Atlantic. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15465. [PMID: 28524880 PMCID: PMC5454538 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In certain regions of the predominantly nitrogen limited ocean, microbes can become co-limited by phosphorus. Within such regions, a proportion of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool can be accessed by microbes employing a variety of alkaline phosphatase (APase) enzymes. In contrast to the PhoA family of APases that utilize zinc as a cofactor, the recent discovery of iron as a cofactor in the more widespread PhoX and PhoD implies the potential for a biochemically dependant interplay between oceanic zinc, iron and phosphorus cycles. Here we demonstrate enhanced natural community APase activity following iron amendment within the low zinc and moderately low iron Western North Atlantic. In contrast we find no evidence for trace metal limitation of APase activity beneath the Saharan dust plume in the Eastern Atlantic. Such intermittent iron limitation of microbial phosphorus acquisition provides an additional facet in the argument for iron controlling the coupling between oceanic nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - E. P. Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - J. C. Yong
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - I. Rapp
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - C. Utermann
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24106, Germany
| | - A. Engel
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - C. M. Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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Kietaibl C, Engel A, Horvat Menih I, Huepfl M, Erdoes G, Kubista B, Ullrich R, Windhager R, Markstaller K, Klein K. Detection and differentiation of cerebral microemboli in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:400-406. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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46
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Schlichtemeier S, Logaraj A, Gill AJ, Engel A. Colorectal cancer resection in the Australian nonagenarian patient. Colorectal Dis 2017; 19:243-250. [PMID: 27354302 DOI: 10.1111/codi.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The nonagenarian population is a rapidly growing segment of the Australian population. Surgical resection continues to offer the best chance of long-term survival in colorectal cancer. The primary aims of the present study were to evaluate the 30-day mortality and survival of Australian patients ≥ 90 years of age undergoing surgical resection for colorectal cancer in our health service. The secondary aims were to examine the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and their tumours. METHOD All patients ≥ 90 years of age undergoing surgical resection for colorectal cancer from 1998 to 2012 were identified in a centralized multihospital database. Key clinicopathological data, 30-day mortality and long-term overall survival were recorded for each patient. RESULTS There were 121 patients identified of median age 91 years, 74% of whom were female. The median tumour size was 40 mm, and 51% of operations were carried out as an emergency. The TNM stage was Stage I/II in 57%, Stage III in 40% and Stage IV in 3%. The 30-day mortality was 6.6% (eight of 121) and the 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 82.6%, 50.2% and 32.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Surgical resection in the nonagenarian patient has an acceptable mortality and offers good overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schlichtemeier
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Logaraj
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A J Gill
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Engel
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.,Healthy Ageing and Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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47
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Sperling M, Piontek J, Engel A, Wiltshire KH, Niggemann J, Gerdts G, Wichels A. Combined Carbohydrates Support Rich Communities of Particle-Associated Marine Bacterioplankton. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:65. [PMID: 28197132 PMCID: PMC5281597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates represent an important fraction of labile and semi-labile marine organic matter that is mainly comprised of exopolymeric substances derived from phytoplankton exudation and decay. This study investigates the composition of total combined carbohydrates (tCCHO; >1 kDa) and the community development of free-living (0.2-3 μm) and particle-associated (PA) (3-10 μm) bacterioplankton during a spring phytoplankton bloom in the southern North Sea. Furthermore, rates were determined for the extracellular enzymatic hydrolysis that catalyzes the initial step in bacterial organic matter remineralization. Concentrations of tCCHO greatly increased during bloom development, while the composition showed only minor changes over time. The combined concentration of glucose, galactose, fucose, rhamnose, galactosamine, glucosamine, and glucuronic acid in tCCHO was a significant factor shaping the community composition of the PA bacteria. The richness of PA bacteria greatly increased in the post-bloom phase. At the same time, the increase in extracellular β-glucosidase activity was sufficient to explain the observed decrease in tCCHO, indicating the efficient utilization of carbohydrates by the bacterioplankton community during the post-bloom phase. Our results suggest that carbohydrate concentration and composition are important factors in the multifactorial environmental control of bacterioplankton succession and the enzymatic hydrolysis of organic matter during phytoplankton blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sperling
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine ResearchHelgoland, Germany; Biological Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKiel, Germany
| | - Judith Piontek
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven, Germany; Biological Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKiel, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Biological Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Karen H Wiltshire
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Helgoland, Germany
| | - Jutta Niggemann
- Research Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Helgoland, Germany
| | - Antje Wichels
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz-Center for Polar and Marine Research Helgoland, Germany
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48
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Bergen B, Endres S, Engel A, Zark M, Dittmar T, Sommer U, Jürgens K. Acidification and warming affect prominent bacteria in two seasonal phytoplankton bloom mesocosms. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:4579-4595. [PMID: 27690275 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to clear stimulatory effects of rising temperature, recent studies of the effects of CO2 on planktonic bacteria have reported conflicting results. To better understand the potential impact of predicted climate scenarios on the development and performance of bacterial communities, we performed bifactorial mesocosm experiments (pCO2 and temperature) with Baltic Sea water, during a diatom dominated bloom in autumn and a mixed phytoplankton bloom in summer. The development of bacterial community composition (BCC) followed well-known algal bloom dynamics. A principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) revealed that phytoplankton succession and temperature were the major variables structuring the bacterial community whereas the impact of pCO2 was weak. Prokaryotic abundance and carbon production, and organic matter concentration and composition were partly affected by temperature but not by increased pCO2 . However, pCO2 did have significant and potentially direct effects on the relative abundance of several dominant OTUs; in some cases, these effects were accompanied by an antagonistic impact of temperature. Our results suggest the necessity of high-resolution BCC analyses and statistical analyses at the OTU level to detect the strong impact of CO2 on specific bacterial groups, which in turn might also influence specific organic matter degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bergen
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Biological Oceanography, Seestrasse 15, Rostock, D-18119, Germany
| | - Sonja Endres
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Biological Oceanography, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, D-24105, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Biological Oceanography, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, D-24105, Germany
| | - Maren Zark
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Marine Geochemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 911, Oldenburg, D-26113, Germany
| | - Thorsten Dittmar
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Marine Geochemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 911, Oldenburg, D-26113, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sommer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Biological Oceanography, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel, D-24105, Germany
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Biological Oceanography, Seestrasse 15, Rostock, D-18119, Germany
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Braksick S, Fugate J, Hocker S, Engel A, Selcen D. Recurrent respiratory failure in a patient with nemaline and myofibrillar myopathy features. Neuromuscul Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.06.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Engel A, Bilbruck T, Hossain S, Leahy R. Lithium-induced acute intermittent dystonia in a patient with schizoaffective disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While lithium is well known for its neurotoxicity, there are very few publications about lithium-induced acute dystonic reaction. We are presenting a clinical case of lithium-induced acute intermittent dystonic reaction in a patient with schizoaffective disorder (SAD). The patient is a 69-year-old African-American male with a long history of SAD, who was treated for many years with ziprasidone and divalproex and was admitted with SAD exacerbation. Due to increased QTC interval, we switched patient to lurasidone. After 2 weeks, due to increased ammonia level, divalproex was switched to lithium (600 mg loading dose and then 450 mg twice/day). Three days later, patient developed a series of intermittent episodes of acute dystonia, manifested as mutism, dysarthria, upper and lower extremity muscle rigidity, dysphagia, and tremor (Table 1). Dystonic reactions responded to benztropine. Eventually, lithium was discontinued and patient did well on a combination of carbamazepine and olanzapine. In this case, we would like to emphasize not only the intermittent but also the atypical presentation of acute dystonic reactions with involvement of large muscle groups, the resemblance to NMS, and a “spectrum” of dystonic reactions rather than one clear-cut presentation. We can only speculate the role lurasidone played in this presentation but reoccurrence of dysarthria on day 54 after lithium was restarted points to its major role.Table not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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