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Batista-Andrade JA, Iglesias Vega D, McClain A, Blaney L. Using multilinear regressions developed from excitation-emission matrices to estimate the wastewater content in urban streams impacted by sanitary sewer leaks and overflows. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167736. [PMID: 37827315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Failing sewer infrastructure introduces unknown quantities of raw wastewater into urban streams, raising human and ecological health concerns. To address this problem, we developed multilinear regressions that relate fluorescent dissolved organic matter to wastewater content. The models were constructed with the area-normalized regional volumes of excitation-emission matrices measured for mixtures of deionized water, surface water from a wastewater-impacted stream, wastewater from a sanitary sewer adjacent to the stream, and Suwannee River natural organic matter. The best performing multilinear regression had a standard error of 0.55 % wastewater. A matrix-matched calibration was used to internally validate the approach and confirm the wastewater content of select samples. The multilinear model was externally validated through (i) comparison to concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern in surface water and wastewater and (ii) extension to samples from previous campaigns that employed alternative wastewater indicators. Using the validated model, we estimated an average wastewater content of 2.4 ± 4.0 % in 165 samples collected from 14 locations in the Gwynns Falls watershed (USA) between April 2019 and April 2023. The maximum wastewater content was 35 % at a site where sanitary sewer leaks and overflows have been previously documented. The reported approach represents a cost-effective and scalable technique to estimate wastewater content in urban streams through analysis of fluorescent dissolved organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahir A Batista-Andrade
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Diego Iglesias Vega
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Anna McClain
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Lee Blaney
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering 314, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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Amaral V, Santos-Echeandía J, Ortega T, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Forja J. Dissolved organic matter distribution in the water column and sediment pore water in a highly anthropized coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, Spain): Characteristics, sources, and benthic fluxes. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165264. [PMID: 37400037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Coastal lagoons are among the most productive and biodiverse systems in the world and are important sentinels of climate change. The Mar Menor is one of the largest coastal lagoons in the Mediterranean, providing a variety of ecosystem services and resources to the community. However, in recent decades this lagoon has suffered drastic changes and degradation caused by human activities. We analyzed the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water column and sediment pore water during the summer and winter of 2018 and during eighteen months from 2016 to 2018. Overall, we found that the composition of DOM is mainly related to and enhanced by anthropogenic activities and microbial metabolism. DOM enters the lagoon via urban and agricultural runoff, drainage systems, and wastewater treatment plants. Additionally, strong microbial metabolism in sediments leads to differences in DOM composition between water and sediments. In the water column, humic-like components accounted for 71 % of the total DOM, while protein-like compounds were most abundant in sediment pore water. We observed a strong seasonal variability associated with precipitation and the system collapse in 2016 (phytoplankton bloom), which resulted in the death of 80 % of macrophytes. The sediments act as a source of DOM to the overlying water, likely due to relatively high organic matter content and intense microbial activity, primarily through anaerobic pathways. Benthic fluxes of DOC ranged from 5.24 to 33.30 mmol m-2 d-1, being higher in winter than summer 2018 and decreasing from north to south, likely related to lower residence time in the northern basin, groundwater discharge and accumulation of organic matter from the dead meadows. We estimate a net flux of DOC from the Mar Menor toward the Mediterranean Sea of 1.57 × 107 mol yr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Amaral
- Departamento Interdisciplinario de Sistemas Costero Marinos, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de La República, Rocha, Uruguay; Departamento de Química-Física, INMAR, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - J Santos-Echeandía
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Subida a Radio Faro, s/n, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - T Ortega
- Departamento de Química-Física, INMAR, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - X A Álvarez-Salgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - J Forja
- Departamento de Química-Física, INMAR, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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3
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Vidal LO, Lambert T, Cotovicz LC, Bernardes MC, Sobrinho R, Thompson F, Garcia GD, Knoppers BA, Gatts PV, Régis CR, Abril G, Rezende CE. Seasonal and diel modulation of DOM in a mangrove-dominated estuary. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159045. [PMID: 36181816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rivers and estuaries are the main links between continents and oceans. The Paraíba do Sul River is among the most important rivers of the southeastern Brazilian region, carrying an average of 0.08 Tg of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean but has been facing significant changes in river discharge. In this study, we aimed to provide insights into the sources and transformations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) sources across a salinity gradient under changing river discharge scenarios. Three spatial surveys were performed covering the entire salinity gradient of the main estuarine channel and surrounding mangrove waters under contrasting river discharge (178 to 1240 m3 s-1), and diel sampling was conducted in the mangrove tidal creek. The characterization of DOM through the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model identified six components across the river-ocean gradient and mangrove creek: terrestrial origin (C1 - fulvic acid and C2 and C3 - humic-like), protein-like (C4), tryptophan-like (C5), and tyrosine-like (C6). Our results showed a shift in DOM composition and contribution along the salinity gradient, from terrestrial (C3) to autochthonous (C5 and C6) signatures. The October-17 dry campaign was characterized by a higher proportion of microbial protein-like component C4 and a lower contribution of humic-like components compared to February-17 and March-18 across the salinity gradient with an increase in the mixing zone. The DOM compositions of the February 17 dry and March 18 wet campaigns were similar. Additionally, the March-18 wet campaign, marked by the highest river discharge, showed higher inputs of terrestrial DOM (C1-C3 components) compared to February-17 in the estuary, which allowed DOM to be transported rather than transformed. The mangrove diel study showed that tidal fluctuations are also an important driver of carbon input to the mangrove creek with a possible impact on DOM composition in estuarine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Vidal
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - T Lambert
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L C Cotovicz
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemunde, Germany; Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M C Bernardes
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Sobrinho
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - F Thompson
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G D Garcia
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B A Knoppers
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - P V Gatts
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - C R Régis
- Programa de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - G Abril
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Paris, France
| | - C E Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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4
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He S, Wang X, Pan J, Yan Z, Tian L, Li Y, Jiang H. Linking fluorescent dissolved organic matters to microbial carbon metabolism in the overlying water during submerged macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L decomposition in the presence/absence of Vallisneria natans. Environ Res 2023; 216:114381. [PMID: 36243051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multi-species submerged plants grow with succession patterns in the same habit and play an important role in the aquatic ecosystems. The decomposition of submerged plants in aquatic environments was a disturbance that affected the water quality and microbial community structures. However, the responses of the microbial community function in surface water to the disturbance remain poorly understood. In this study, the effects of submerged macrophyte Potamogeton crispus L decomposition on the water quality and microbial carbon metabolism functions (MCMF) in the overlying water were investigated in the presence/absence of Vallisneria natans. The result showed that the decomposition rapidly released a large amount of organic matter and nutrients into the overlying water. The presence of Vallisneria natans promoted the removal of dissolved organic carbon and fluorescent component C3, resulting in lower values of the percentage content of C3 (C3%). Under various decomposition processes, the MCMF changed over time and significantly negatively correlated with C3%. The functional diversity of MCMF significantly correlated with the fluorescence organic matters, such as the richness and Simpson index correlated with the amount of C1, C1+C2+C3, and C3%. But UV-visible absorption indexes and nutrients in the overlying water had no relationship with the MCMF, except for the total nitrogen correlated with the richness. These results suggested that under various decomposition conditions, the fluorescent dissolved organic matter could be used as an indicator for quick prediction of MCMF in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jizheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou, 215009, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Santana-Casiano JM, González-Santana D, Devresse Q, Hepach H, Santana-González C, Quack B, Engel A, González-Dávila M. Exploring the Effects of Organic Matter Characteristics on Fe(II) Oxidation Kinetics in Coastal Seawater. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:2718-2728. [PMID: 35077144 PMCID: PMC8851691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The iron(II) oxidation kinetic process was studied at 25 stations in coastal seawater of the Macaronesia region (9 around Cape Verde, 11 around the Canary Islands, and 5 around Madeira). In a physicochemical context, experiments were carried out to study the pseudo-first-order oxidation rate constant (k', min-1) over a range of pH (7.8, 7.9, 8.0, and 8.1) and temperature (10, 15, 20, and 25 °C). Deviations from the calculated kcal' at the same T, pH, and S were observed for most of the stations. The measured t1/2 (ln 2/k', min) values at the 25 stations ranged from 1.82 to 3.47 min (mean 1.93 ± 0.76 min) and for all but two stations were lower than the calculated t1/2 of 3.21 ± 0.2 min. In a biogeochemical context, nutrients and variables associated with the organic matter spectral properties (CDOM and FDOM) were analyzed to explain the observed deviations. The application of a multilinear regression model indicated that k' can be described (R = 0.921 and SEE = 0.064 for pH = 8 and T = 25 °C) from a linear combination of three organic variables, k'OM = kcal' -0.11* TDN + 29.9*bDOM + 33.4*C1humic, where TDN is the total dissolved nitrogen, bDOM is the spectral peak obtained from colored dissolved organic matter (DOM) analysis when protein-like or tyrosine-like components are present, and C1humic is the component associated with humic-like compounds obtained from the parallel factor analysis of the fluorescent DOM. Results show that compounds with N in their structures mainly explain the observed k' increase for most of the samples, although other components could also play a relevant role. Experimentally, k' provides the net result between the compounds that accelerate the process and those that slow it down.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - David González-Santana
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
- Université
de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Quentin Devresse
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmke Hepach
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolina Santana-González
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Birgit Quack
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- GEOMAR—Helmholtz
Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Melchor González-Dávila
- Instituto
de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
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6
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Wünsch UJ, Murphy K. A simple method to isolate fluorescence spectra from small dissolved organic matter datasets. Water Res 2021; 190:116730. [PMID: 33348069 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex pool of compounds with a key role in the global carbon cycle. To understand its role in natural and engineered systems, efficient approaches are necessary for tracking DOM quality and quantity. Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) is very widely used to identify and quantify different fractions of DOM as proxies of DOM source, concentration and biogeochemical processing. A major limitation of the PARAFAC approach is the requirement for a large data set containing many variable samples in which the fractions vary independently. This severely curtails the possibilities to study fluorescence composition and behavior in small or unique datasets. Herein, we present a simple and inexpensive experimental procedure that makes it possible to mathematically decompose a small dataset containing only highly-correlated fluorescent fractions. The approach, which uses widely-available commercial extraction sorbents and previously established protocols to expand the original dataset and inject the missing chemical variability, can be widely implemented at low cost. A demonstration of the procedure shows how a robust six-component PARAFAC model can be extracted from even a river-water dataset with only five bulk samples. Widespread adoption of the procedure for analyzing small fluorescence datasets is needed to confirm the suspected ubiquity of certain DOM fluorescence fractions and to create a shared inventory of ubiquitous components. Such an inventory could greatly simplify and improve the use of fluorescence as a tool to investigate biogeochemical processing of DOM in diverse water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban J Wünsch
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 6, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathleen Murphy
- Chalmers University of Technology, Architecture and Civil Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Sven Hultins Gata 6, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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7
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Lopes R, Miranda ML, Schütte H, Gassmann S, Zielinski O. Microfluidic approach for controlled ultraviolet treatment of colored and fluorescent dissolved organic matter. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 239:118435. [PMID: 32474367 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using microfluidic systems to address the optical properties of Colored and Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM/FDOM) offers new ways for researching its interactions with the environment, and its response to rapid, as well as extreme, changes of abiotic conditions. Here we present a microfluidic device with an Ultraviolet (UV) component. The manufactured microfluidic device consists of passing a dissolved organic matter sample through a microchannel applying a combination of treatments using different UV wavelengths and exposure times. Here we test the workability of the microdevice by analyzing the effect of UV light on CDOM and FDOM, using as irradiations UVA and UVB to incite photodegradation, over different times. We then compare the absorbance and fluorescence, measured from both treated and non-treated samples. The analysis of the measurements is done by the calculation of the slope ratio, as indicative of molecular weight and dissolved organic carbon, besides the fluorescence humification index (HIX) as an overview of the difference between treated and non-treated of the excitation-emission matrices (EEMs). Our results show the efficiency of the microdevice by demonstrating a direct relation of degradation degree with exposure time. FDOM exposure to UVB shows a possible relation to humic-like fluorophores intensity, shown in HIX and the overview difference. Furthermore, the changes showed in the slope ratio demonstrate photodegradation in all treatments, with UVB exhibiting an increased influence. The combination of microfluidic sample treatment within in situ applications of optical sensors will enhance our capacities in addressing biogeochemical processes in the marine environment, which were not accessible with conventional bulk methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lopes
- Jade University of Applied Sciences, Department of Engineering, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, ICBM, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - M L Miranda
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, ICBM, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Laboratorio de la Calidad del agua y Aire (LACAYA), Universidad de Panamá, 0824 Panamá, Panama.
| | - H Schütte
- Jade University of Applied Sciences, Department of Engineering, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - S Gassmann
- Jade University of Applied Sciences, Department of Engineering, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
| | - O Zielinski
- Carl von Ossietzky Oldenburg University, ICBM, Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Marine Perception Research Group, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Oldenburg, Germany.
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8
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Retelletti Brogi S, Balestra C, Casotti R, Cossarini G, Galletti Y, Gonnelli M, Vestri S, Santinelli C. Time resolved data unveils the complex DOM dynamics in a Mediterranean river. Sci Total Environ 2020; 733:139212. [PMID: 32446062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data and optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of DOM, weekly collected in the Arno River for 2 years, are used to investigate the main processes determining DOM temporal dynamics in a small Mediterranean river, with torrential hydrology and medium-high human impact, and to quantify the contribution of this river to Med Sea carbon budget. A clear seasonal cycle of DOM, with DOC values ranging between 170 and 490 μM, was observed. Optical properties indicates that DOM quality in the river is different depending on the season; terrestrial humic-like substances prevail in winter, when discharge and floods are the main drivers of DOM concentration and quality, whereas autochthonous protein-like substances prevail in spring and summer, when biological processes dominate. Our results provide a robust estimate of the DOC flux to the Med Sea (9.6 · 109 g DOC yr-1) and of its range of variability (12.95 · 109-5.12 · 109 g DOC yr-1). The 80% of this flux was generally delivered during autumn/winter with significant amounts ascribed to single flood events (up to 26% in 2014). This study, by providing a rich dataset on water quantity and quality and by quantifying the importance of the hydrological regime on DOC transport, represents an important step toward a quantitative modeling of the Arno River.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Balestra
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples 80121, Italy
| | | | - Gianpiero Cossarini
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Borgo Grotta Gigante 42/C, 34010 Sgonico, (TS), Italy
| | - Yuri Galletti
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Vestri
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, Pisa 56124, Italy
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González-Ortegón E, Amaral V, Baldó F, Sánchez-Leal RF, Bellanco MJ, Jiménez MP, Forja J, Vilas C, Tovar-Sanchez A. Sources and coastal distribution of dissolved organic matter in the Gulf of Cadiz. Sci Total Environ 2018; 630:1583-1595. [PMID: 29554775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a major component of the organic matter pool, playing a key role in the global ocean functioning. However, studies on DOM in waters of many ocean regions, such as the Gulf of Cadiz (GoC), are poorly known. Advanced aquatic sensors enable autonomous for long-term deployments in situ collection of high frequency DOM data using fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) as a proxy. The present study evaluates the relevance of FDOM, the estuarine influence and the environmental factors that determine its spatial distribution in the GoC. Our results suggest that the GoC water mass, under the estuarine influence of three main rivers, is receiving large amounts of DOM transported mainly by Guadalquivir and Guadiana rivers and much less from Tinto-Odiel. Salinity is the main factor explaining the FDOM variability within the Guadalquivir and Guadiana rivers and in the inner shelf of the GoC. In the outer shelf of the GoC, plankton-produced DOM could explain the persistent spatial pattern of FDOM, playing an important role in the dynamics of FDOM from the North area of the GoC through the persistent low-salinity Eastern North Atlantic Central Water. The oceanographic dynamics and the spatial pattern of FDOM concentration in the continental shelf of the GoC suggest a net transport of FDOM through the GCC (Gulf of Cadiz Current) to the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- E González-Ortegón
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; CEI-MAR International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, Spain.
| | - V Amaral
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain; Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Acuáticos, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - F Baldó
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Puerto Pesquero, Muelle de Levante s/n, 11006 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo F Sánchez-Leal
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Puerto Pesquero, Muelle de Levante s/n, 11006 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María J Bellanco
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Puerto Pesquero, Muelle de Levante s/n, 11006 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María P Jiménez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Puerto Pesquero, Muelle de Levante s/n, 11006 Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Forja
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - César Vilas
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Camino Tiro de Pichón s/n, 11500 El Puerto de Santa María, Spain
| | - A Tovar-Sanchez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Aparicio FL, Nieto-Cid M, Calvo E, Pelejero C, López-Sanz À, Pascual J, Salat J, Sánchez-Pérez ED, La Fuente PD, Gasol JM, Marrasé C. Wind-induced changes in the dynamics of fluorescent organic matter in the coastal NW Mediterranean. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:1001-1012. [PMID: 28783911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine biogeochemistry dynamics in coastal marine areas is strongly influenced by episodic events such as rain, intense winds, river discharges and anthropogenic activities. We evaluated in this study the importance of these forcing events on modulating seasonal changes in the marine biogeochemistry of the northwestern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, based on data gathered from a fixed coastal sampling station in the area. A 4-year (2011-2014) monthly sampling at four depths (0.5m, 20m, 50m and 80m) was performed to examine the time variability of several oceanographic variables: seawater temperature, salinity, inorganic nutrient concentrations (NO3-, PO43- and SiO2), chlorophyll a (Chl a), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). FDOM dynamics was predominantly influenced by upwelling events and mixing processes, driven by strong and characteristic wind episodes. SW wind episodes favored the upwelling of deeper and denser waters into the shallower shelf, providing a surplus of autochthonous humic-like material and inorganic nutrients, whereas northerlies favored the homogenization of the whole shelf water column by cooling and evaporation. These different wind-induced processes (deep water intrusion or mixing), reported along the four sampled years, determined a high interannual environmental variability in comparison with other Mediterranean sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran L Aparicio
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Mar Nieto-Cid
- IIM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, C/Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Carles Pelejero
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain; ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Àngel López-Sanz
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josep Pascual
- Estació Meteorològica de L'Estartit, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Salat
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Elvia D Sánchez-Pérez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66650 Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Patricia De La Fuente
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josep M Gasol
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cèlia Marrasé
- ICM-CSIC, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
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11
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Chen Y, Yu K, Zhou Y, Ren L, Kirumba G, Zhang B, He Y. Characterizing spatiotemporal variations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in headwater catchment of a key drinking water source in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:27799-27812. [PMID: 28983847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural surface drinking water sources with the increasing chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have profound influences on the aquatic environment and drinking water safety. Here, this study investigated the spatiotemporal variations of CDOM in Fengshuba Reservoir and its catchments in China. Twenty-four surface water samples, 45 water samples (including surface water, middle water, and bottom water), and 15 pore water samples were collected from rivers, reservoir, and sediment of the reservoir, respectively. Then, three fluorescent components, namely two humic-like components (C1 and C2) and a tryptophan-like component (C3), were identified from the excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) for all samples. For spatial distributions, the levels of CDOM and two humic-like components in the reservoir were significantly lower than those in the upstream rivers (p < 0.01), indicating that the reservoir may act as a reactor to partly reduce the levels of exogenous input including CDOM and humic-like matters from the surrounding catchment. For temporal variations, the mean levels of CDOM and three fluorescent components did not significantly change in rivers, suggesting that perennial anthropic activity maybe an important factor impacting the concentration and composition of river CDOM but not the precipitation and runoff. However, these mean values of CDOM for the bulk waters of the reservoir changed markedly along with seasonal variations, indicating that the hydrological processes in the reservoir could control the quality and quantity of CDOM. The different correlations between the fluorescent components and primary water parameters in the river, reservoir, and pore water samples further suggest that the reservoir is an important factor regulating the migration and transformation of FDOM along with the variations of different environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longfei Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - George Kirumba
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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12
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Vermilyea AW, Nagorski SA, Lamborg CH, Hood EW, Scott D, Swarr GJ. Continuous proxy measurements reveal large mercury fluxes from glacial and forested watersheds in Alaska. Sci Total Environ 2017; 599-600:145-155. [PMID: 28475908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a stream from a glacially dominated watershed and one from a wetland, temperate forest dominated watershed in southeast Alaska were continuously monitored for turbidity and fluorescence from dissolved organic matter (FDOM) while grab samples for unfiltered (UTHg), particulate (PTHg), and filtered mercury (FTHg) where taken over three 4-day periods (May snowmelt, July glacial melt, and September rainy season) during 2010. Strong correlations were found between FDOM and UTHg concentrations in the wetland, temperate forest watershed (r2=0.81), while turbidity and UTHg were highly correlated in the glacially dominated watershed (r2=0.82). Both of these parameters (FDOM and turbidity) showed stronger correlations than concentration-discharge relationships for UTHg (r2=0.55 for glacial stream, r2=0.38 for wetland/forest stream), thus allowing for a more precise determination of temporal variability in UTHg concentrations and fluxes. The association of mercury with particles and dissolved organic matter (DOM) appears to depend on the watershed characteristics, such as physical weathering and biogeochemical processes regulating mercury transport. Thus employing watershed-specific proxies for UTHg (such as FDOM and turbidity) can be effective for quantifying mercury export from watersheds with variable landcover. The UTHg concentration in the forest/wetland stream was consistently higher than in the glacial stream, in which most of the mercury was associated with particles; however, due to the high specific discharge from the glacial stream during the melt season, the watershed area normalized flux of mercury from the glacial stream was 3-6 times greater than the wetland/forest stream for the three sampling campaigns. The annual specific flux for the glacial watershed was 19.9gUTHgkm-2y-1, which is higher than any non-mining impacted stream measured to date. This finding indicates that glacial watersheds of southeast Alaska may be important conduits of total mercury to the Gulf of Alaska.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Vermilyea
- Castleton University, Natural Sciences Department, Castleton, VT, United States.
| | - Sonia A Nagorski
- University of Alaska Southeast, Department of Natural Sciences, Juneau, AK, United States
| | - Carl H Lamborg
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Eran W Hood
- University of Alaska Southeast, Department of Natural Sciences, Juneau, AK, United States
| | - Durelle Scott
- Virginia Tech, Biological Systems Engineering, Blacksburg, VT, United States
| | - Gretchen J Swarr
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
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13
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Ruhala SS, Zarnetske JP. Using in-situ optical sensors to study dissolved organic carbon dynamics of streams and watersheds: A review. Sci Total Environ 2017; 575:713-723. [PMID: 27678048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand how dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is processed and transported through stream networks because DOC is a master water quality variable in aquatic ecosystems. High-frequency sampling is necessary to capture important, rapid shifts in DOC source, concentration, and composition (i.e. quality) in streams. Until recently, this high-frequency sampling was logistically difficult or impossible. However, this type of sampling can now be conducted using in-situ optical measurements through long-term, field-deployable fluorometers and spectrophotometers. The optical data collected from these instruments can quantify both DOC concentration and composition properties (e.g., specific ultra-violet absorbance at 254nm, spectral slope ratio, and fluorescence index). Previously, the use of these sensors was limited to a small number of specialized users, mainly in Europe and North America, where they were used predominantly in marine DOC studies as well as water treatment and management infrastructure. However, recent field demonstrations across a wide range of river systems reveals a large potential for the use of these instruments in freshwater environments, heightening interest and demand across multiple environmental research and management disciplines. Hence, this review provides an up-to-date synthesis on 1) the use of spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool in stream DOC studies, 2) the instrumentation, its applications, potential limitations and future considerations, and 3) the new watershed DOC research directions made possible via these in-situ optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney S Ruhala
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Jay P Zarnetske
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Nie Z, Wu X, Huang H, Fang X, Xu C, Wu J, Liang X, Shi J. Tracking fluorescent dissolved organic matter in multistage rivers using EEM-PARAFAC analysis: implications of the secondary tributary remediation for watershed management. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:8756-8769. [PMID: 26805924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Profound understanding of behaviors of organic matter from sources to multistage rivers assists watershed management for improving water quality of river networks in rural areas. Ninety-one water samples were collected from the three orders of receiving rivers in a typical combined polluted subcatchment (diffuse agricultural pollutants and domestic sewage) located in China. Then, the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) information for these samples was determined by the excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Consequently, two typical humic-like (C1 and C2) and other two protein-like (C3 and C4) components were separated. Their fluorescence peaks were located at λ ex/em = 255(360)/455, <250(320)/395, 275/335, and <250/305 nm, which resembled the traditional peaks of A + C, A + M, T, and B, respectively. In addition, C1 and C2 accounted for the dominant contributions to FDOM (>60 %). Principal component analysis (PCA) further demonstrated that, except for the autochthonous produced C4, the allochthonous components (C1 and C2) had the same terrestrial origins, but C3 might possess the separate anthropogenic and biological sources. Moreover, the spatial heterogeneity of contamination levels was noticeable in multistage rivers, and the allochthonous FDOM was gradually homogenized along the migration directions. Interestingly, the average content of the first three PARAFAC components in secondary tributaries and source pollutants had significantly higher levels than that in subsequent receiving rivers, thus suggesting that the supervision and remediation for secondary tributaries would play a prominent role in watershed management works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Nie
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Haomin Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiang Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyan Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Zhejiang Province, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Herzi F, Jean N, Zhao H, Mounier S, Mabrouk HH, Hlaili AS. Copper and cadmium effects on growth and extracellular exudation of the marine toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella: 3D-fluorescence spectroscopy approach. Chemosphere 2013; 93:1230-1239. [PMID: 23928326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, metal contamination experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of copper and cadmium on the growth of the marine toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella and on the production of dissolved organic matter (Dissolved Organic Carbon: DOC; Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter: FDOM). This species was exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu(2+) (9.93 × 10(-10)-1.00 × 10(-7)M) or Cd(2+) (1.30 × 10(-8)-4.38 × 10(-7)M), to simulate polluted environments. The drastic effects were observed at pCu(2+)=7.96 (Cu(2+): 1.08 × 10(-8)M) and pCd(2+)=7.28 (Cd(2+): 5.19 × 10(-8)M), where cyst formation occurred. Lower levels of Cu(2+) (pCu(2+)>9.00) and Cd(2+) (pCd(2+)>7.28) had no effect on growth. However, when levels of Cu(2+) and Cd(2+) were beyond 10(-7)M, the growth was totally inhibited. The DOC released per cell (DOC/Cell) was different depending on the exposure time and the metal contamination, with higher DOC/Cell values in response to Cu(2+) and Cd(2+), comparatively to the control. Samples were also analyzed by 3D-fluorescence spectroscopy, using the Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm to characterize the FDOM. The PARAFAC analytical treatment revealed four components (C1, C2, C3 and C4) that could be associated with two contributions: one, related to the biological activity; the other, linked to the decomposition of organic matter. The C1 component combined a tryptophan peak and a characteristic humic substances response, and the C2 component was considered as a tryptophan protein fluorophore. The C3 and C4 components were associated to marine organic matter production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faouzi Herzi
- Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LCVP, 7021 Jarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Université de Toulon, PROTEE, EA 3819, 83 957 La Garde, France.
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Mendoza WG, Kang Y, Zika RG. Resolving DOM fluorescence fractions during a Karenia brevis bloom patch on the Southwest Florida Shelf. Cont Shelf Res 2012; 32:121-129. [PMID: 36568406 PMCID: PMC9788665 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter can be supplied naturally from land through rivers or produced in-situ in the marine environment. Current methods of examining natural bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM) are not able to discriminate multiple sources of DOM. A diagnostic tool to identify DOM sources is critical to determine possible sources of organic nutrients that influence K. brevis harmful algal bloom (HAB) development. This study applied multi-wavelength fluorescence coupled with a supervised pattern recognition technique (e.g., parallel factorial analysis (PARAFAC) using samples collected from river, estuary and shelf waters where the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis off of Sanibel Island, Florida was observed. The PARAFAC model distinguished four different fractions of DOM components containing humic-like and protein-like components. The derived terrestrial humic-like material was indicative of land-based sources while the tryptophan-like component was likely produced from in-situ biological production. The study developed and tested the hypothesis that the direct relationship of the protein-like DOM fluorescence with K. brevis cell density indicated that the bloom patch was most likely supported by organic nutrients produced in-situ. The results demonstrated that multi-wavelength fluorescence analysis coupled with PARAFAC modeling technique simultaneously resolved DOM fluorescence fractions and their possible sources-information that are critical in explaining harmful algal bloom formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson G. Mendoza
- Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Yoonja Kang
- Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Rod G. Zika
- Division of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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