1
|
Mathias F, Anthony E, Christelle R, Gaëlle L, Benoît P, Marine C, Pascal F, Joëlle D. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide alters ovarian functions in young female broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103767. [PMID: 38718536 PMCID: PMC11097068 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicide (GBH) formulations are widely used pesticides in agriculture. The European Union recently decided to extend the use of GLY in Europe until 2034. Previously, we showed that chronic dietary GBH exposure in adult hens resulted in a reversible increase in early mortality in chicken embryos. In this present study, we investigated the GBH effects on metabolism and ovarian functions by using a transcriptomic approach in vivo in young female broilers and in vitro in ovarian explant cultures. We exposed 11-day-old female broilers to 13 mg GLY equivalent/kg body weight/d (GBH13, n = 20), 34 mg GLY equivalent/kg body weight/d (GBH34, n = 20), or a standard diet (control [CT], n = 20) for 25 d. These 2 GBH concentrations correspond to approximatively one-eighth and one-third of the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) as defined by European Food Safety Authority in birds. During this period, we evaluated body weight, fattening, food intake, and the weight of organs (including the ovaries). Chronic dietary GBH exposure dose dependently reduced food intake, body weight, and fattening, but increased oxidative stress and relative ovary weight. We analyzed the ovarian gene expression profile in CT, GBH13, and GBH34 broilers with RNA sequencing and showed that differentially expressed genes are mainly enriched in pathways related to cholesterol metabolism, steroidogenesis, and RNA processing. With quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, we confirmed that GBH decreased ovarian STAR and CYP19A1 messenger RNA and protein expression, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed that GBH altered steroid production in ovarian explants. We have identified potential regulatory networks associated with GBH. These data provide valuable support for understanding the ovarian transcriptional regulatory mechanism of GBH in growing broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freville Mathias
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Estienne Anthony
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Ramé Christelle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Lefort Gaëlle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Piégu Benoît
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Chahnamian Marine
- Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Froment Pascal
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université de Tours, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR85, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Dupont Joëlle
- Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, Nouzilly F-37380, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Katayama N, Fujita T, Ueta M, Morelli F, Amano T. Effects of human depopulation and warming climate on bird populations in Japan. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14175. [PMID: 37650391 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying biodiversity trends in economically developed countries, where depopulation, associated secondary succession, and climate warming are ongoing, provides insights for global biodiversity conservation in the 21st century. However, few studies have assessed the impacts of secondary succession and climate warming on species' population trends at a national scale. We estimated the population trends of common breeding bird species in Japan and examined the associations between the overall population trend and species traits with the nationwide bird count data on 47 species collected from 2009 to 2020. The overall population trend varied among species. Four species populations increased moderately, 18 were stable, and 11 declined moderately. Population trends for 13 species were uncertain. The difference in overall trends among the species was associated with their habitat group and temperature niche. Species with relatively low-temperature niches experienced more pronounced declines. Multispecies indicators showed a moderate increase in forest specialists and moderate declines in forest generalists (species that use both forests and open habitats) and open-habitat specialists. Forest generalists and open-habitat specialists also declined more rapidly at sites with more abandoned farmland. All species groups showed an accelerated decline or decelerated increase after 2015. These results suggest that common breeding birds in Japan are facing deteriorating trends as a result of nationwide changes in land use and climate. Future land-use planning and policies should consider the benefits of passive rewilding for forest specialists and active restoration measures (e.g., low-intensive forestry and agriculture) for nonforest specialists to effectively conserve biodiversity in the era of human depopulation and climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Katayama
- Division of Agroecosystem Management Research, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences NARO, Tsukuba-shi, Japan
| | - Taku Fujita
- The Nature Conservation Society of Japan, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | | | - Federico Morelli
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeuss D, Bald L, Gottwald J, Becker M, Bellafkir H, Bendix J, Bengel P, Beumer LT, Brandl R, Brändle M, Dahlke S, Farwig N, Freisleben B, Friess N, Heidrich L, Heuer S, Höchst J, Holzmann H, Lampe P, Leberecht M, Lindner K, Masello JF, Mielke Möglich J, Mühling M, Müller T, Noskov A, Opgenoorth L, Peter C, Quillfeldt P, Rösner S, Royauté R, Mestre-Runge C, Schabo D, Schneider D, Seeger B, Shayle E, Steinmetz R, Tafo P, Vogelbacher M, Wöllauer S, Younis S, Zobel J, Nauss T. Nature 4.0: A networked sensor system for integrated biodiversity monitoring. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17056. [PMID: 38273542 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Ecosystem functions and services are severely threatened by unprecedented global loss in biodiversity. To counteract these trends, it is essential to develop systems to monitor changes in biodiversity for planning, evaluating, and implementing conservation and mitigation actions. However, the implementation of monitoring systems suffers from a trade-off between grain (i.e., the level of detail), extent (i.e., the number of study sites), and temporal repetition. Here, we present an applied and realized networked sensor system for integrated biodiversity monitoring in the Nature 4.0 project as a solution to these challenges, which considers plants and animals not only as targets of investigation, but also as parts of the modular sensor network by carrying sensors. Our networked sensor system consists of three main closely interlinked components with a modular structure: sensors, data transmission, and data storage, which are integrated into pipelines for automated biodiversity monitoring. We present our own real-world examples of applications, share our experiences in operating them, and provide our collected open data. Our flexible, low-cost, and open-source solutions can be applied for monitoring individual and multiple terrestrial plants and animals as well as their interactions. Ultimately, our system can also be applied to area-wide ecosystem mapping tasks, thereby providing an exemplary cost-efficient and powerful solution for biodiversity monitoring. Building upon our experiences in the Nature 4.0 project, we identified ten key challenges that need to be addressed to better understand and counteract the ongoing loss of biodiversity using networked sensor systems. To tackle these challenges, interdisciplinary collaboration, additional research, and practical solutions are necessary to enhance the capability and applicability of networked sensor systems for researchers and practitioners, ultimately further helping to ensure the sustainable management of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Zeuss
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Bald
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Gottwald
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Becker
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hicham Bellafkir
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Distributed Systems and Intelligent Computing, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bendix
- Department of Geography, Climatology and Environmental Modelling, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Bengel
- Department of Geography, Didactics and Education, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Larissa T Beumer
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Biology, Animal Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Brändle
- Department of Biology, Animal Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Dahlke
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Numerics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Freisleben
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Distributed Systems and Intelligent Computing, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Friess
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Heidrich
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven Heuer
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Numerics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Höchst
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Distributed Systems and Intelligent Computing, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hajo Holzmann
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Stochastics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lampe
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Distributed Systems and Intelligent Computing, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Leberecht
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kim Lindner
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Juan F Masello
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jonas Mielke Möglich
- Department of Biology, Animal Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mühling
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Distributed Systems and Intelligent Computing, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexey Noskov
- Department of Geography, Climatology and Environmental Modelling, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carina Peter
- Department of Geography, Didactics and Education, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Petra Quillfeldt
- Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sascha Rösner
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Raphaël Royauté
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR EcoSys, Palaiseau, France
| | - Christian Mestre-Runge
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dana Schabo
- Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Distributed Systems and Intelligent Computing, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Seeger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Database Systems, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elliot Shayle
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Steinmetz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Multimedia Communications Lab (KOM), Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Pavel Tafo
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Stochastics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Vogelbacher
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Distributed Systems and Intelligent Computing, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Wöllauer
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sohaib Younis
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Database Systems, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julian Zobel
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Multimedia Communications Lab (KOM), Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Nauss
- Department of Geography, Environmental Informatics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bruzón AG, Arrogante-Funes P, Santos-Martín F. Modelling and testing forest ecosystems condition account. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118676. [PMID: 37562145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed an application model based on the System of Environmental Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA) framework, endorsed by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 2021. This model enables mapping condition accounts for forest ecosystems using automated computation. We applied the model nationally in Spain between 2000 and 2015 to test its effectiveness. Our model follows five methodological steps to generate forest condition accounts: (i) definition and spatial delimitation of forest ecosystem types; (ii) selection of variables using the ecosystem condition typology encompassing physical, chemical, compositional, structural, functional, and landscape characteristics; (iii) establishment of reference levels, including lower (collapse) and upper (high ecosystem integrity) thresholds; (iv) aggregation of variables into condition index; and (v) calculation of a single condition index by rescaling the aggregated indicators between 0 and 1. The results obtained from the model provide valuable insights into the status and trends of individual condition indicators, as well as aggregated condition index values for forest ecosystems, in a spatially explicit manner. Overall, the condition of the forest ecosystems in Spain showed a slight increase, from 0.56 in 2000 to 0.58 in 2015. However, distinct trends were observed for each ecosystem type. For example, mixed Alpine and Macaronesia forests exhibited a significant improvement, while the continental Mediterranean coniferous forests did not show any change. This innovative approach to monitoring forest condition accounts has important potential applications in policy and decision-making processes. It can contribute to effective evidence-based nature conservation, ecosystem service management, and identifying restoration areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián G Bruzón
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Arrogante-Funes
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Santos-Martín
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dornelas M, Chase JM, Gotelli NJ, Magurran AE, McGill BJ, Antão LH, Blowes SA, Daskalova GN, Leung B, Martins IS, Moyes F, Myers-Smith IH, Thomas CD, Vellend M. Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220199. [PMID: 37246380 PMCID: PMC10225864 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in the context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how biodiversity has changed in recent decades across scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity and abundance. At local scales, change across all metrics includes many examples of both increases and declines and tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence of declining trends in beta-diversity (increasing similarity in composition across space or biotic homogenization) and abundance. The exception to this pattern is temporal turnover, with changes in species composition through time observed in most local assemblages. Less is known about change at regional scales, although several studies suggest that increases in richness are more prevalent than declines. Change at the global scale is the hardest to estimate accurately, but most studies suggest extinction rates are probably outpacing speciation rates, although both are elevated. Recognizing this variability is essential to accurately portray how biodiversity change is unfolding, and highlights how much remains unknown about the magnitude and direction of multiple biodiversity metrics at different scales. Reducing these blind spots is essential to allow appropriate management actions to be deployed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Guia Marine Laboratory, MARE, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | | | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,Finland
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | - Gergana N. Daskalova
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Inês S. Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | | | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gregory RD, Eaton MA, Burfield IJ, Grice PV, Howard C, Klvaňová A, Noble D, Šilarová E, Staneva A, Stephens PA, Willis SG, Woodward ID, Burns F. Drivers of the changing abundance of European birds at two spatial scales. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220198. [PMID: 37246375 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting biodiversity change and identifying its causes is challenging because biodiversity is multifaceted and temporal data often contain bias. Here, we model temporal change in species' abundance and biomass by using extensive data describing the population sizes and trends of native breeding birds in the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU). In addition, we explore how species' population trends vary with species' traits. We demonstrate significant change in the bird assemblages of the UK and EU, with substantial reductions in overall bird abundance and losses concentrated in a relatively small number of abundant and smaller sized species. By contrast, rarer and larger birds had generally fared better. Simultaneously, overall avian biomass had increased very slightly in the UK and was stable in the EU, indicating a change in community structure. Abundance trends across species were positively correlated with species' body mass and with trends in climate suitability, and varied with species' abundance, migration strategy and niche associations linked to diet. Our work highlights how changes in biodiversity cannot be captured easily by a single number; care is required when measuring and interpreting biodiversity change given that different metrics can provide very different insights. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Gregory
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Sandy, Befordshire SG19 2DL, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Ian J Burfield
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Philip V Grice
- Chief Scientist Directorate, Natural England, Peterborough PE2 8YY, UK
| | - Christine Howard
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Alena Klvaňová
- Czech Society for Ornithology, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - David Noble
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Eva Šilarová
- Czech Society for Ornithology, 150 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Staneva
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Philip A Stephens
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Stephen G Willis
- Conservation Ecology Group, Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, County Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ian D Woodward
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Fiona Burns
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davis KP, Sofaer HR, Pejchar L. Land cover differentially affects abundance of common and rare birds. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2999-3009. [PMID: 36974627 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While rare species are vulnerable to global change, large declines in common species (i.e., those with large population sizes, large geographic distributions, and/or that are habitat generalists) also are of conservation concern. Understanding if and how commonness mediates species' responses to global change, including land cover change, can help guide conservation strategies. We explored avian population responses to land cover change along a gradient from common to rare species using avian data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) and land cover data from the National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States. Specifically, we used generalized linear mixed effects models to ask if species' commonness affected the relationship between land cover and counts, using the initial amount of and change in land cover surrounding each North American BBS route from 2001 to 2016. We quantified species' commonness as a continuous metric at the national scale using the logarithm (base 10) of each species' total count across all routes in the conterminous United States in 2001. For our focal 15-year period, we found that higher proportions of initial natural land cover favored (i.e., were correlated with higher) counts of rare but not common species. We also found that commonness mediated how change in human land cover, but not natural land cover, was associated with species' counts at the end of the study period. Increases in developed lands did not favor counts of any species. Increases in agriculture and declines in pasture favored counts of common but not rare species. Our findings show a signal of commonness in how species respond to a major dimension of global change. Evaluating how and why commonness mediates species' responses to land cover change can help managers design conservation portfolios that sustain the spectrum of common to rare species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin P Davis
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Helen R Sofaer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, Hawaii, USA
| | - Liba Pejchar
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stenhouse EH, Bellamy P, Kirby W, Vaughan IP, Drake LE, Marchbank A, Workman T, Symondson WOC, Orozco‐terWengel P. Multi-marker DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and sexual variation in the diet of a scarce woodland bird. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10089. [PMID: 37206688 PMCID: PMC10191781 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian diet can be affected by site-specific variables, such as habitat, as well as intrinsic factors such as sex. This can lead to dietary niche separation, which reduces competition between individuals, as well as impacting how well avian species can adapt to environmental variation. Estimating dietary niche separation is challenging, due largely to difficulties in accurately identifying food taxa consumed. Consequently, there is limited knowledge of the diets of woodland bird species, many of which are undergoing serious population declines. Here, we show the effectiveness of multi-marker fecal metabarcoding to provide in-depth dietary analysis of a declining passerine in the UK, the Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). We collected fecal samples from (n = 262) UK Hawfinches prior to, and during, the breeding seasons in 2016-2019. We detected 49 and 90 plant and invertebrate taxa, respectively. We found Hawfinch diet varied spatially, as well as between sexes, indicating broad dietary plasticity and the ability of Hawfinches to utilize multiple resources within their foraging environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewan H. Stenhouse
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The LodgeSandyUK
| | - Paul Bellamy
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The LodgeSandyUK
| | - Will Kirby
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The LodgeSandyUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rehling F, Jongejans E, Schlautmann J, Albrecht J, Fassbender H, Jaroszewicz B, Matthies D, Waldschmidt L, Farwig N, Schabo DG. Common seed dispersers contribute most to the persistence of a fleshy-fruited tree. Commun Biol 2023; 6:330. [PMID: 36973362 PMCID: PMC10043030 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic interactions are by definition beneficial for each contributing partner. However, it is insufficiently understood how mutualistic interactions influence partners throughout their lives. Here, we used animal species-explicit, microhabitat-structured integral projection models to quantify the effect of seed dispersal by 20 animal species on the full life cycle of the tree Frangula alnus in Białowieża Forest, Eastern Poland. Our analysis showed that animal seed dispersal increased population growth by 2.5%. The effectiveness of animals as seed dispersers was strongly related to the interaction frequency but not the quality of seed dispersal. Consequently, the projected population decline due to simulated species extinction was driven by the loss of common rather than rare mutualist species. Our results support the notion that frequently interacting mutualists contribute most to the persistence of the populations of their partners, underscoring the role of common species for ecosystem functioning and nature conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finn Rehling
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Marburg, Germany.
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Animal Ecology, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Radboud University, RIBES, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- NIOO-KNAW, Department of Animal Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Schlautmann
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hubert Fassbender
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Diethart Matthies
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Plant Ecology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lina Waldschmidt
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dana G Schabo
- University of Marburg, Department of Biology, Conservation Ecology, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu WB, Blowes SA, Brambilla V, Chow CFY, Fontrodona-Eslava A, Martins IS, McGlinn D, Moyes F, Sagouis A, Shimadzu H, van Klink R, Magurran AE, Gotelli NJ, McGill BJ, Dornelas M, Chase JM. Regional occupancy increases for widespread species but decreases for narrowly distributed species in metacommunity time series. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1463. [PMID: 36927847 PMCID: PMC10020147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While human activities are known to elicit rapid turnover in species composition through time, the properties of the species that increase or decrease their spatial occupancy underlying this turnover are less clear. Here, we used an extensive dataset of 238 metacommunity time series of multiple taxa spread across the globe to evaluate whether species that are more widespread (large-ranged species) differed in how they changed their site occupancy over the 10-90 years the metacommunities were monitored relative to species that are more narrowly distributed (small-ranged species). We found that on average, large-ranged species tended to increase in occupancy through time, whereas small-ranged species tended to decrease. These relationships were stronger in marine than in terrestrial and freshwater realms. However, in terrestrial regions, the directional changes in occupancy were less extreme in protected areas. Our findings provide evidence for systematic decreases in occupancy of small-ranged species, and that habitat protection could mitigate these losses in the face of environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Bing Xu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Viviana Brambilla
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Cher F Y Chow
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Ada Fontrodona-Eslava
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Inês S Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second Floor, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel McGlinn
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Alban Sagouis
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hideyasu Shimadzu
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | | | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Berrick Saul Second Floor, University of York, York, UK
- MARE, Guia Marine Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murphy SJ, Jarzyna MA. Spatial and temporal non-stationarity in long-term population dynamics of over-wintering birds of North America. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9781. [PMID: 36937072 PMCID: PMC10019912 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding population changes across long time scales and at fine spatiotemporal resolutions is important for confronting a broad suite of conservation challenges. However, this task is hampered by a lack of quality long-term census data for multiple species collected across large geographic regions. Here, we used century-long (1919-2018) data from the Audubon Christmas Bird Count (CBC) survey to assess population changes in over 300 avian species in North America and evaluate their temporal non-stationarity. To estimate population sizes across the entire century, we employed a Bayesian hierarchical model that accounts for species detection probabilities, variable sampling effort, and missing data. We evaluated population trends using generalized additive models (GAMs) and assessed temporal non-stationarity in the rate of population change by extracting the first derivatives from the fitted GAM functions. We then summarized the population dynamics across species, space, and time using a non-parametric clustering algorithm that categorized individual population trends into four distinct trend clusters. We found that species varied widely in their population trajectories, with over 90% of species showing a considerable degree of spatial and/or temporal non-stationarity, and many showing strong shifts in the direction and magnitude of population trends throughout the past century. Species were roughly equally distributed across the four clusters of population trajectories, although grassland, forest, and desert specialists more commonly showed declining trends. Interestingly, for many species, region-wide population trends often differed from those observed at individual sites, suggesting that conservation decisions need to be tailored to fine spatial scales. Together, our results highlight the importance of considering spatial and temporal non-stationarity when assessing long-term population changes. More generally, we demonstrate the promise of novel statistical techniques for improving the utility and extending the temporal scope of existing citizen science datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Murphy
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Marta A. Jarzyna
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Translational Data Analytics InstituteThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Storch D, Koleček J, Keil P, Vermouzek Z, Voříšek P, Reif J. Decomposing trends in bird populations: Climate, life histories and habitat affect different aspects of population change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Storch
- Center for Theoretical Study Charles University and the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Koleček
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Keil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Praha Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Voříšek
- Czech Society for Ornithology Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Reif
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Palacký University in Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marull J, Pino J, Melero Y, Tello E. Using thermodynamics to understand the links between energy, information, structure and biodiversity in a human-transformed landscape. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
14
|
Martin CA, Watson CJ, de Grandpré A, Desrochers L, Deschamps L, Giacomazzo M, Loiselle A, Paquette C, Pépino M, Rainville V, Rheault G, Proulx R. The dominance-diversity dilemma in animal conservation biology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283439. [PMID: 36972282 PMCID: PMC10042335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of environmental conditions has two major outcomes on the demographics of living organisms: population decline of the common species and extinction of the rarest ones. Halting the decline of abundant species as well as the erosion of biodiversity require solutions that may be mismatched, despite being rooted in similar causes. In this study, we demonstrate how rank abundance distribution (RAD) models are mathematical representations of a dominance-diversity dilemma. Across 4,375 animal communities from a range of taxonomic groups, we found that a reversed RAD model correctly predicts species richness, based solely on the relative dominance of the most abundant species in a community and the total number of individuals. Overall, predictions from this RAD model explained 69% of the variance in species richness, compared to 20% explained by simply regressing species richness on the relative dominance of the most abundant species. Using the reversed RAD model, we illustrate how species richness is co-limited by the total abundance of a community and the relative dominance of the most common species. Our results highlight an intrinsic trade-off between species richness and dominance that is present in the structure of RAD models and real-world animal community data. This dominance-diversity dilemma suggests that withdrawing individuals from abundant populations might contribute to the conservation of species richness. However, we posit that the positive effect of harvesting on biodiversity is often offset by exploitation practices with negative collateral consequences, such as habitat destruction or species bycatches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Martin
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Louis Desrochers
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucas Deschamps
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Matteo Giacomazzo
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Audréanne Loiselle
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cindy Paquette
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Pépino
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la Gestion de la Faune Mauricie-Centre-du-Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Rainville
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions, University of Québec at Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Direction de la Gestion de la Faune Mauricie-Centre-du-Québec, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Rheault
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
- Parcs Canada, Shawinigan, Québec, Canada
| | - Raphaël Proulx
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Collas L, Crastes dit Sourd R, Finch T, Green R, Hanley N, Balmford A. The costs of delivering environmental outcomes with land sharing and land sparing. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Collas
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Romain Crastes dit Sourd
- Centre for Decision Research, Management Department Leeds University Business School, University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Tom Finch
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Bedfordshire UK
| | - Rhys Green
- Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Bedfordshire UK
| | - Nick Hanley
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar MS, Slud EV, Hehnly C, Zhang L, Broach J, Irizarry RA, Schiff SJ, Paulson JN. Differential richness inference for 16S rRNA marker gene surveys. Genome Biol 2022; 23:166. [PMID: 35915508 PMCID: PMC9344657 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual and environmental health outcomes are frequently linked to changes in the diversity of associated microbial communities. Thus, deriving health indicators based on microbiome diversity measures is essential. While microbiome data generated using high-throughput 16S rRNA marker gene surveys are appealing for this purpose, 16S surveys also generate a plethora of spurious microbial taxa. Results When this artificial inflation in the observed number of taxa is ignored, we find that changes in the abundance of detected taxa confound current methods for inferring differences in richness. Experimental evidence, theory-guided exploratory data analyses, and existing literature support the conclusion that most sub-genus discoveries are spurious artifacts of clustering 16S sequencing reads. We proceed to model a 16S survey’s systematic patterns of sub-genus taxa generation as a function of genus abundance to derive a robust control for false taxa accumulation. These controls unlock classical regression approaches for highly flexible differential richness inference at various levels of the surveyed microbial assemblage: from sample groups to specific taxa collections. The proposed methodology for differential richness inference is available through an R package, Prokounter. Conclusions False species discoveries bias richness estimation and confound differential richness inference. In the case of 16S microbiome surveys, supporting evidence indicate that most sub-genus taxa are spurious. Based on this finding, a flexible method is proposed and is shown to overcome the confounding problem noted with current approaches for differential richness inference. Package availability: https://github.com/mskb01/prokounter Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02722-x.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jaureguiberry P, Titeux N, Wiemers M, Bowler DE, Coscieme L, Golden AS, Guerra CA, Jacob U, Takahashi Y, Settele J, Díaz S, Molnár Z, Purvis A. The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9982. [PMID: 36351024 PMCID: PMC9645725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Effective policies to halt biodiversity loss require knowing which anthropogenic drivers are the most important direct causes. Whereas previous knowledge has been limited in scope and rigor, here we statistically synthesize empirical comparisons of recent driver impacts found through a wide-ranging review. We show that land/sea use change has been the dominant direct driver of recent biodiversity loss worldwide. Direct exploitation of natural resources ranks second and pollution third; climate change and invasive alien species have been significantly less important than the top two drivers. The oceans, where direct exploitation and climate change dominate, have a different driver hierarchy from land and fresh water. It also varies among types of biodiversity indicators. For example, climate change is a more important driver of community composition change than of changes in species populations. Stopping global biodiversity loss requires policies and actions to tackle all the major drivers and their interactions, not some of them in isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jaureguiberry
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Titeux
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology and Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06114 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Observatory for Climate, Environment and Biodiversity, Rue du Brill 41, 4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Martin Wiemers
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology and Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06114 Halle, Germany
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Diana E. Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department Ecosystem Services, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luca Coscieme
- Hot or Cool Institute, Quartiersweg 4, 10829 Berlin, Germany
| | - Abigail S. Golden
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, and Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Carlos A. Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Ute Jacob
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Yasuo Takahashi
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, 2108-11 Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan
| | - Josef Settele
- UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology and Department of Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06114 Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Díaz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Andy Purvis
- Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coppée T, Paquet JY, Titeux N, Dufrêne M. Temporal transferability of species abundance models to study the changes of breeding bird species based on land cover changes. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Bird Communities in a Changing World: The Role of Interspecific Competition. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Significant changes in the environment have the potential to affect bird species abundance and distribution, both directly, through a modification of the landscape, habitats, and climate, and indirectly, through a modification of biotic interactions such as competitive interactions. Predicting and mitigating the consequences of global change thus requires not only a sound understanding of the role played by biotic interactions in current ecosystems, but also the recognition and study of the complex and intricate effects that result from the perturbation of these ecosystems. In this review, we emphasize the role of interspecific competition in bird communities by focusing on three main predictions derived from theoretical and empirical considerations. We provide numerous examples of population decline and displacement that appeared to be, at least in part, driven by competition, and were amplified by environmental changes associated with human activities. Beyond a shift in relative species abundance, we show that interspecific competition may have a negative impact on species richness, ecosystem services, and endangered species. Despite these findings, we argue that, in general, the role played by interspecific competition in current communities remains poorly understood due to methodological issues and the complexity of natural communities. Predicting the consequences of global change in these communities is further complicated by uncertainty regarding future environmental conditions and the speed and efficacy of plastic and evolutionary responses to fast-changing environments. Possible directions of future research are highlighted.
Collapse
|
20
|
Warrington MH, Schrimpf MB, Des Brisay P, Taylor ME, Koper N. Avian behaviour changes in response to human activity during the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212740. [PMID: 36126685 PMCID: PMC9489286 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities may impact animal habitat and resource use, potentially influencing contemporary evolution in animals. In the United Kingdom, COVID-19 lockdown restrictions resulted in sudden, drastic alterations to human activity. We hypothesized that short-term daily and long-term seasonal changes in human mobility might result in changes in bird habitat use, depending on the mobility type (home, parks and grocery) and extent of change. Using Google human mobility data and 872 850 bird observations, we determined that during lockdown, human mobility changes resulted in altered habitat use in 80% (20/25) of our focal bird species. When humans spent more time at home, over half of affected species had lower counts, perhaps resulting from the disturbance of birds in garden habitats. Bird counts of some species (e.g. rooks and gulls) increased over the short term as humans spent more time at parks, possibly due to human-sourced food resources (e.g. picnic refuse), while counts of other species (e.g. tits and sparrows) decreased. All affected species increased counts when humans spent less time at grocery services. Avian species rapidly adjusted to the novel environmental conditions and demonstrated behavioural plasticity, but with diverse responses, reflecting the different interactions and pressures caused by human activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyako H. Warrington
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | | | - Michelle E. Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Scotland, UK
| | - Nicola Koper
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moreau J, Rabdeau J, Badenhausser I, Giraudeau M, Sepp T, Crépin M, Gaffard A, Bretagnolle V, Monceau K. Pesticide impacts on avian species with special reference to farmland birds: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:790. [PMID: 36107257 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For decades, we have observed a major biodiversity crisis impacting all taxa. Avian species have been particularly well monitored over the long term, documenting their declines. In particular, farmland birds are decreasing worldwide, but the contribution of pesticides to their decline remains controversial. Most studies addressing the effects of agrochemicals are limited to their assessment under controlled laboratory conditions, the determination of lethal dose 50 (LD50) values and testing in a few species, most belonging to Galliformes. They often ignore the high interspecies variability in sensitivity, delayed sublethal effects on the physiology, behaviour and life-history traits of individuals and their consequences at the population and community levels. Most importantly, they have entirely neglected to test for the multiple exposure pathways to which individuals are subjected in the field (cocktail effects). The present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview for ecologists, evolutionary ecologists and conservationists. We aimed to compile the literature on the effects of pesticides on bird physiology, behaviour and life-history traits, collecting evidence from model and wild species and from field and lab experiments to highlight the gaps that remain to be filled. We show how subtle nonlethal exposure might be pernicious, with major consequences for bird populations and communities. We finally propose several prospective guidelines for future studies that may be considered to meet urgent needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Moreau
- Équipe Écologie Évolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Juliette Rabdeau
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies Plantes Fourragères, INRAE, 86600, Lusignan, France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- UMR IRD, CREEC, Université de Montpellier, 224-CNRS 5290, Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche en Écologie Et Évolution de La Sante (CREES), Montpellier, France
- Littoral Environnement Et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS- La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Tuul Sepp
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Malaury Crépin
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Agathe Gaffard
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
- LTSER "Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre", CNRS, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Karine Monceau
- UMR CNRS 7372 Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fréville M, Estienne A, Ramé C, Lefort G, Chahnamian M, Staub C, Venturi E, Lemarchand J, Maximin E, Hondelatte A, Zemb O, Canlet C, Guabiraba R, Froment P, Dupont J. Chronic dietary exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide results in total or partial reversibility of plasma oxidative stress, cecal microbiota abundance and short-chain fatty acid composition in broiler hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:974688. [PMID: 36171975 PMCID: PMC9511142 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.974688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are massively used in agriculture. However, few studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate-based herbicides on avian species although they are largely exposed via their food. Here, we investigated the potential reversibility of the effects of chronic dietary exposure to glyphosate-based herbicides in broiler hens. For 42 days, we exposed 32-week-old hens to glyphosate-based herbicides via their food (47 mg/kg/day glyphosate equivalent, glyphosate-based herbicides, n = 75) corresponding to half glyphosate’s no-observed-adverse-effect-level in birds. We compared their performance to that of 75 control animals (CT). Both groups (glyphosate-based herbicides and control animals) were then fed for 28 additional days without glyphosate-based herbicides exposure (Ex-glyphosate-based herbicides and Ex-control animals). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily increased the plasma glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) concentrations. Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid mostly accumulated in the liver and to a lesser extent in the leg muscle and abdominal adipose tissue. Glyphosate-based herbicides also temporarily increased the gizzard weight and plasma oxidative stress monitored by TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). Glyphosate-based herbicides temporarily decreased the cecal concentrations of propionate, isobutyrate and propionate but acetate and valerate were durably reduced. The cecal microbiome was also durably affected since glyphosate-based herbicides inhibited Barnesiella and favored Alloprevotella. Body weight, fattening, food intake and feeding behavior as well as plasma lipid and uric acid were unaffected by glyphosate-based herbicides. Taken together, our results show possible disturbances of the cecal microbiota associated with plasma oxidative stress and accumulation of glyphosate in metabolic tissues in response to dietary glyphosate-based herbicides exposure in broiler hens. Luckily, glyphosate-based herbicides at this concentration does not hamper growth and most of the effects on the phenotypes are reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fréville
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gaëlle Lefort
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale Pôle D’expérimentation Avicole de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Staub
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Venturi
- INRAE—Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L’Orfrasière (UEPAO), Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Lemarchand
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elise Maximin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alice Hondelatte
- INRAE-—Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (EASM), Surgères, France
| | - Olivier Zemb
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut Français du Cheval et de L’Equitation, Institut National de Recherche pour L’Agriculture, L’Alimentation et L’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Physiologie de La Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Joëlle Dupont,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dong F, Zhang Q, Chen YL, Lei FM, Li SH, Wu F, Yang XJ. Potential millennial-scale avian declines by humans in southern China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5505-5513. [PMID: 35665575 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mounting observational records demonstrate human-caused faunal decline in recent decades, while accumulating archaeological evidence suggests an early biodiversity impact of human activities during the Holocene. A fundamental question arises concerning whether modern wildlife population declines began during early human disturbance. Here, we performed a population genomic analysis of six common forest birds in East Asia to address this question. For five of them, demographic history inference based on 25-33 genomes of each species revealed dramatic population declines by 4- to 48-fold over millennia (e.g. 2000-5000 thousand years ago). Nevertheless, summary statistics detected nonsignificant correlations between these population size trajectories and Holocene temperature variations, and ecological niche models explicitly predicted extensive range persistence during the Holocene, implying limited demographic consequence of Holocene climate change. Further analyses suggest high negative correlations between the reconstructed population declines and human disturbance intensities and indicate a potential driver of human activities. These findings provide a deep-time and large-scale insight into the recently recognized avifaunal decline and support an early origin hypothesis of human effects on biodiversity. Overall, our study sheds light on the current biodiversity crisis in the context of long-term human-environment interactions and offers a multi-evidential framework for quantitatively assessing the ecological consequences of human disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Min Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Hsien Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Robin Who? Bird Species Knowledge of German Adults. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172213. [PMID: 36077931 PMCID: PMC9454614 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biodiversity is declining worldwide, and knowledge of species and interest in nature are decreasing. The present study investigated the knowledge about bird species among the adult Bavarian population. Data were collected through a representative online survey with over one thousand respondents. The participants were asked to identify the species of birds they were shown pictures of. On average, 6 of the 15 species were identified correctly. Older participants scored higher than younger ones. The Eurasian blackbird showed the highest recognition rate, which correlates with the species abundance. Participants who performed better showed a higher tendency to act proactively for nature conservation, for instance donating money to NGOs. Abstract Knowledge of species is the basis for involvement in biodiversity awareness and protection. For the first time, we investigated how bird species knowledge is spread among adults in Germany in a representative study. It was shown that of the 15 species presented, only 6 were recognized on average, and 4.5% of the tested persons did not recognize any species at all. Only 0.5% knew all presented species. Younger participants in particular knew significantly fewer species than the group over 60 years. We also tested if species knowledge has an impact on the motivation to act for nature conservation. In this study, knowledge of species correlated directly with the willingness to take action for species protection, e.g., through donating money for proactive nature conservation. Simply being in nature was meaningless for the test result. However, if one was actively involved with birds, e.g., via bird counts or bird feeding, species knowledge was significantly better.
Collapse
|
25
|
Deshwal A, Stephenson SL, Panwar P, DeGregorio BA, Kannan R, Willson JD. Foraging habitat selection of shrubland bird community in tropical dry forest. Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anant Deshwal
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Pooja Panwar
- Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - Brett A. DeGregorio
- U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| | - Ragupathy Kannan
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fort Smith Arkansas USA
| | - John D. Willson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rabdeau J, Desbonnes M, Bretagnolle V, Moreau J, Monceau K. Does anthropization affect physiology, behaviour and life‐history traits of Montagu's harrier chicks? Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Rabdeau
- UMR 7372, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé La Rochelle Université & CNRS Villiers en Bois France
| | - M. Desbonnes
- UMR 7372, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé La Rochelle Université & CNRS Villiers en Bois France
| | - V. Bretagnolle
- UMR 7372, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé La Rochelle Université & CNRS Villiers en Bois France
- LTSER “Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre”, CNRS Villiers‐en Bois France
| | - J. Moreau
- UMR 7372, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé La Rochelle Université & CNRS Villiers en Bois France
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive Université de Bourgogne‐Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - K. Monceau
- UMR 7372, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé La Rochelle Université & CNRS Villiers en Bois France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hořák D, Rivas-Salvador J, Farkač J, Reif J. Traits and ecological space availability predict avian densities at the country scale of the Czech Republic. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9119. [PMID: 35866025 PMCID: PMC9289119 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Species' geographical distributions and abundances are a central focus of current ecological research. Although multiple studies have been conducted on their elucidation, some important information is still missing. One of them is the knowledge of ecological traits of species responsible for the population density variations across geographical (i.e., total physical area) and ecological spaces (i.e., suitable habitat area). This is crucial for understanding how ecological specialization shapes the geographical distribution of species, and provides key knowledge about the sensitivity of species to current environmental challenges. Here, we precisely describe habitat availability for individual species using fine-scale field data collected across the entire Czech Republic. In the next step, we used this information to test the relationships between bird traits and country-scale estimates of population densities assessed in both geographical and ecological spaces. We did not find any effect of habitat specialization on avian density in geographical space. But when we recalculated densities for ecological space available, we found a positive correlation with habitat specialization. Specialists occur at higher densities in suitable habitats. Moreover, birds with arboreal and hole-nesting strategies showed higher densities in both geographical and ecological spaces. However, we found no significant effects of morphological (body mass and structural body size) and reproductive (position along the slow-fast life-history continuum) traits on avian densities in either geographical or ecological space. Our findings suggest that ecological space availability is a strong determinant of avian abundance and highlight the importance of precise knowledge of species-specific habitat requirements. Revival of this classical but challenging ecological topic of habitat-specific densities is needed for both proper understanding of pure ecological issues and practical steps in the conservation of nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Hořák
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Javier Rivas-Salvador
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Farkač
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Reif
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Czech Republic.,Czech Society for Ornithology Prague Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eylering A, Büscher M, Funk M, Boldt J, Fiebelkorn F. Willingness of the German population to donate toward bird conservation An application of the Protection Motivation Theory. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
29
|
Orazi V, Hagge J, Gossner MM, Müller J, Heurich M. A Biodiversity Boost From the Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber) in Germany’s Oldest National Park. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.873307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet. Beavers are important engineers in freshwater ecosystems and reintroduction programs have enabled the recovery of beaver populations in several European countries, but the impact on biodiversity conservation is still unclear. We studied the effects of beavers on the terrestrial biodiversity of eight taxonomic groups by comparing beaver ponds with river and forest habitats in a mountain forest ecosystem in Central Europe. Among the 1,166 collected species, 196 occurred exclusively at beaver ponds, 192 in plots at the river, and 156 in the forest plots. More species of conservation concern were found at the beaver ponds (76) than on the river (67) and forest (63) plots. Abundances of bats and birds were higher at the beaver ponds than at the river or forest sites. The number of bird species at the beaver ponds was higher than at the river. The community composition of birds, beetles, and true bugs differed significantly between the beaver ponds and river plots, and for seven taxonomic groups it differed significantly between the beaver ponds and forest plots. An indicator species analysis revealed eight indicator species for the beaver pond but none for the river and forest plots. Our results demonstrate that beavers, as ecological engineers, increase habitat heterogeneity in mountain forests and thereby promote biodiversity. The expansion of beaver populations into these ecosystems should thus be supported, as it may serve as a biotic restoration tool.
Collapse
|
30
|
Long-term monitoring reveals widespread and severe declines of understory birds in a protected Neotropical forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2108731119. [PMID: 35377736 PMCID: PMC9169736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108731119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term studies on the population dynamics of tropical resident birds are few, and it remains poorly understood how their populations have fared in recent decades. Here, we analyzed a 44-y population study of a Neotropical understory bird assemblage from a protected forest reserve in central Panama to determine if and how populations have changed from 1977 to 2020. Using the number of birds captured in mist nets as an index of local abundance, we estimated trends over time for a diverse suite of 57 resident species that comprised a broad range of ecological and behavioral traits. Estimated abundances of 40 (∼70%) species declined over the sampling period, whereas only 2 increased. Furthermore, declines were severe: 35 of the 40 declining species exhibited large proportional losses in estimated abundance, amounting to ≥50% of their initial estimated abundances. Declines were largely independent of ecology (i.e., body mass, foraging guild, or initial abundance) or phylogenetic affiliation. These widespread, severe declines are particularly alarming, given that they occurred in a relatively large (∼22,000-ha) forested area in the absence of local fragmentation or recent land-use change. Our findings provide robust evidence of tropical bird declines in intact forests and bolster a large body of literature from temperate regions suggesting that bird populations may be declining at a global scale. Identifying the ecological mechanisms underlying these declines should be an urgent conservation priority.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang X, Li X, Ren X, Jackson MV, Fuller RA, Melville DS, Amano T, Ma Z. Effects of anthropogenic landscapes on population maintenance of waterbirds. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13808. [PMID: 34313356 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts have reduced natural areas but increased the area of anthropogenic landscapes. There is debate about whether anthropogenic landscapes (e.g., farmlands, orchards, and fish ponds) provide alternatives to natural habitat and under what circumstances. We considered whether anthropogenic landscapes can mitigate population declines for waterbirds. We collected data on population trends and biological traits of 1203 populations of 579 species across the planet. Using Bayesian generalized linear mixed models, we tested whether the ability of a species to use an anthropogenic landscape can predict population trends of waterbird globally and of species of conservation concern. Anthropogenic landscapes benefited population maintenance of common but not less-common species. Conversely, the use of anthropogenic landscapes was associated with population declines for threatened species. Our findings delineate some limitations to the ability of anthropogenic landscapes to mitigate population declines, suggesting that the maintenance of global waterbird populations depends on protecting remaining natural areas and improving the habitat quality in anthropogenic landscapes. Article impact statement: Protecting natural areas and improving the quality of anthropogenic landscapes as habitat are both needed to achieve effective conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Micha V Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Current address: Micha V. Jackson, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hemminger K, König H, Månsson J, Bellingrath‐Kimura S, Nilsson L. Winners and losers of land use change: A systematic review of interactions between the world’s crane species (
Gruidae
) and the agricultural sector. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8719. [PMID: 35356570 PMCID: PMC8948072 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While agricultural intensification and expansion are major factors driving loss and degradation of natural habitat and species decline, some wildlife species also benefit from agriculturally managed habitats. This may lead to high population densities with impacts on both human livelihoods and wildlife conservation. Cranes are a group of 15 species worldwide, affected both negatively and positively by agricultural practices. While eleven species face critical population declines, numbers of common cranes (Grus grus) and sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) have increased drastically in the last 40 years. Their increase is associated with higher incidences of crane foraging on agricultural crops, causing financial losses to farmers. Our aim was to synthesize scientific knowledge on the bilateral effects of land use change and crane populations. We conducted a systematic literature review of peer‐reviewed publications on agriculture‐crane interactions (n = 135) and on the importance of agricultural crops in the diet of cranes (n = 81). Agricultural crops constitute a considerable part of the diet of all crane species (average of 37%, most frequently maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)). Crop damage was identified in only 10% of all agriculture‐crane interactions, although one‐third of interactions included cranes foraging on cropland. Using a conceptual framework analysis, we identified two major pathways in agriculture‐crane interactions: (1) habitat loss with negative effects on crane species dependent on specific habitats, and (2) expanding agricultural habitats with superabundant food availability beneficial for opportunistic crane species. The degree to which crane species can adapt to agricultural land use changes may be an important factor explaining their population response. We conclude that multi‐objective management needs to combine land sparing and land sharing strategies at landscape scale. To support viable crane populations while guaranteeing sustainable agricultural production, it is necessary to include the perspectives of diverse stakeholders and streamline conservation initiatives and agricultural policy accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Hemminger
- Leibniz‐Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
- Humboldt‐Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Hannes König
- Leibniz‐Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) Müncheberg Germany
| | - Johan Månsson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Riddarhyttan Sweden
| | | | - Lovisa Nilsson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Riddarhyttan Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Conkling TJ, Vander Zanden HB, Allison TD, Diffendorfer JE, Dietsch TV, Duerr AE, Fesnock AL, Hernandez RR, Loss SR, Nelson DM, Sanzenbacher PM, Yee JL, Katzner TE. Vulnerability of avian populations to renewable energy production. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211558. [PMID: 35360356 PMCID: PMC8965424 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Renewable energy production can kill individual birds, but little is known about how it affects avian populations. We assessed the vulnerability of populations for 23 priority bird species killed at wind and solar facilities in California, USA. Bayesian hierarchical models suggested that 48% of these species were vulnerable to population-level effects from added fatalities caused by renewables and other sources. Effects of renewables extended far beyond the location of energy production to impact bird populations in distant regions across continental migration networks. Populations of species associated with grasslands where turbines were located were most vulnerable to wind. Populations of nocturnal migrant species were most vulnerable to solar, despite not typically being associated with deserts where the solar facilities we evaluated were located. Our findings indicate that addressing declines of North American bird populations requires consideration of the effects of renewables and other anthropogenic threats on both nearby and distant populations of vulnerable species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara J. Conkling
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID 87648, USA
| | | | | | - Jay E. Diffendorfer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - Thomas V. Dietsch
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Carlsbad Fish and Wildlife Office, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | | | - Amy L. Fesnock
- Desert District Office, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Palm Springs, CA 92262, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Hernandez
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Scott R. Loss
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - David M. Nelson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD 21532, USA
| | - Peter M. Sanzenbacher
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Palm Springs Fish and Wildlife Office, Palm Springs, CA 92262, USA
| | - Julie L. Yee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Todd E. Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID 87648, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
The Decline of Common Birds Exemplified by the Western Jackdaw Warns on Strong Environmental Degradation. CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/conservation2010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bird populations associated with agricultural ecosystems have declined markedly in Europe during the last quarter of the 20th century due to land-use intensification. This has meant that some very common species, in some cases even species considered as pests, are now threatened or subject to management programs to ensure their conservation. Considered pests of crops and predators of small game species, corvids are among the most persecuted common farmland birds. The consideration that these birds are pests lacks any scientific evaluation and is justified by the subjective impression that they are abundant. Here, using estimates of absolute and relative abundances of both the total and the breeding population, we show how jackdaws Corvus monedula have shown a marked negative population trend in central Spain during the last 40 years. Decline involves the loss of multiple colonies, the apparent absence of the species as a breeder in riverside forests, and an overall numerical decrease of about 75% (from 35,000 to 9000 individuals) according to counts in communal roosts. The population decline seems to be more pronounced in areas where land use has been intensified, probably in response to the reduction in the availability of once-abundant food (i.e., invertebrates and weed seeds) but also due to more direct effects such as intoxication and medium to long-term accumulation of agricultural pollutants which may have also affected reproduction and survival. Intensive hunting over decades has undoubtedly contributed to this decline and should therefore be made forbidden urgently. Generally, it seems that high-intensity agricultural management more drastically affects smaller and less adaptable common species, which are expected to decline before and at a higher extent and magnitude than jackdaws. Given that global population estimates based on direct counts of individuals are readily achievable through simultaneous counts in communal roosts, the jackdaw can serve as a model for assessing temporal trends potentially linked to large-scale anthropogenic modifications of open and agricultural environments.
Collapse
|
36
|
Campo‐Celada M, Jordano P, Benítez‐López A, Gutiérrez‐Expósito C, Rabadán‐González J, Mendoza I. Assessing short and long‐term variations in diversity, timing and body condition of frugivorous birds. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Campo‐Celada
- Dept of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla Spain
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Dept of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla Spain
- Dept of Plant Biology and Ecology, Univ. de Sevilla Sevilla Spain
| | - Ana Benítez‐López
- Dept of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla Spain
| | - Carlos Gutiérrez‐Expósito
- tier3 Solutions GmbH Leverkusen Germany
- Conservation Biology Dept, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Isla de la Cartuja Sevilla Spain
| | | | - Irene Mendoza
- Dept of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Sevilla Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Burns F, Eaton MA, Burfield IJ, Klvaňová A, Šilarová E, Staneva A, Gregory RD. Abundance decline in the avifauna of the European Union reveals cross-continental similarities in biodiversity change. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16647-16660. [PMID: 34938463 PMCID: PMC8668816 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although global assessments provide evidence of biodiversity decline, some have questioned the strength of the evidence, with local assemblage studies often showing a more balanced picture of biodiversity change. The multifaceted nature of biodiversity and imperfect monitoring datasets may partially explain these findings. Here, using an extensive dataset, we find significant biodiversity loss in the native avifauna of the European Union (EU). We estimate a decline of 17-19% in the overall breeding bird abundance since 1980: a loss of 560-620 million individual birds. Both total and proportional declines in bird numbers are high among species associated with agricultural land. The distribution of species' population growth rates (ln) is centered close to zero, with numerical decline driven by substantial losses in abundant species. Our work supports previous assessments indicating substantial recent biodiversity loss and calls to reduce the threat of extinctions and restore species' abundances, for the sake of nature and people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Burns
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceCambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | - Eva Šilarová
- Czech Society for OrnithologyPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Richard D. Gregory
- RSPB Centre for Conservation ScienceSandyUK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and EnvironmentCentre for Biodiversity & Environment ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sampaio AD, Pereira PF, Nunes A, Clemente A, Salgueiro V, Silva C, Mira A, Branquinho C, Salgueiro PA. Bottom-up cascading effects of quarry revegetation deplete bird-mediated seed dispersal services. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113472. [PMID: 34365186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quarrying activities cause profound modifications on ecosystems, such as removal of vegetation cover, biodiversity loss and depletion of ecosystem services. Ecological restoration stands as a solution to revert such effects. Concomitantly, awareness is currently being given on ecosystem services and ecological processes to evaluate restoration efficiency. The objective of the study was to assess restoration success in a quarry subjected to restoration practices for the last 40 years involving the plantation of native Mediterranean vegetation and the non-native Aleppo pine Pinus halepensis. The study was carried out by assessing the effectiveness of seed dispersal service provided by birds in the restored quarry by comparing this service to neighbouring natural (shrubland) and other semi-natural areas (oak-pine mixed open and Aleppo pine forest) present at the landscape. For this purpose, we explored bird composition structure and seed dispersal networks using point counts and faecal samples of mist-netted birds. We also collected vegetation structure data and explored its effect on bird community composition. Our results showed that bird abundance in the restored quarry was significantly lower, and its bird community was compositionally different than natural shrubland and semi-natural areas. For instance, seed-dispersing birds, woody and shrub/ground foragers and partially migrators were the most affected groups at the restored area. Bird community composition and their traits were likely driven by vegetation characteristics, with higher native vegetation cover and fruit richness promoting higher bird abundance and Aleppo pine cover negatively influencing seed-dispersing birds. Concurrently, seed dispersal network in the restored quarry was less complex than in other areas. Seed dispersal services in the restored quarry were below the reported values for neighbouring natural and semi-natural areas and are likely driven by the low abundance of seed-dispersing birds. We consider that the causes affecting this group's low abundance can be related to revegetation measures favouring Aleppo pine, combined with a shallow soil depth and poor soil quality, which may have constrained native vegetation development. We conclude that seed dispersal services at the quarry are depleted, which may suggest a low restoration success concerning ecosystem functioning. Our results strengthen that quarry revegetation with non-native species must be avoided, since it alters bird community composition, and consequently, affects seed dispersal service provided by birds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana D Sampaio
- UBC, Unidade de Biologia da Conservação, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal; MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development. University of Évora. Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Pedro F Pereira
- MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development. University of Évora. Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Alice Nunes
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Clemente
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vânia Salgueiro
- UBC, Unidade de Biologia da Conservação, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carmo Silva
- UBC, Unidade de Biologia da Conservação, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal; MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development. University of Évora. Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - António Mira
- UBC, Unidade de Biologia da Conservação, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal; MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development. University of Évora. Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Salgueiro
- UBC, Unidade de Biologia da Conservação, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal; MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development. University of Évora. Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fang B, Yang Z, Shen M, Wu X, Hu J. Limited increase in asynchrony between the onset of spring green-up and the arrival of a long-distance migratory bird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148823. [PMID: 34229240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For many migrant bird species around the world, climate change has been shown to induce changes in the timings of arrival and the onset of spring food availability at breeding sites. However, whether such changes enlarged asynchrony between the timings of spring arrival of long-distance migratory birds and onset of vegetation greenness increase remain controversial. We used a 29-year phenological dataset to investigate the temporal changes in spring first-sighting date (FSD) of a long-distance migratory bird (barn swallow, Hirundo rustica), from observations at 160 local breeding sites across northern China, and the vegetation green-up onset date (VGD), determined from satellite observations of vegetation greenness. We found that both FSD and VGD trended earlier at over two-thirds of the breeding sites. FSD significantly advanced at 26.9% of the sites, and VGD significantly advanced at 23.8% of the sites. The degree of asynchrony between FSD and VGD changed significantly at one-third of the breeding sites (22.5% with an increase versus 11.3% with a decrease), leading to a limited increase of phenological mismatch. We speculated that climate change did not disrupt the climatic connections between most breeding sites and corresponding non-breeding sites (wintering grounds and migration routes). Our findings suggest that climate change may not greatly increase phenological mismatch between first arrival date of barn swallows and VGD at breeding sites. Importantly, this study should serve as a cue to encourage ecologists and conservation biologists to expand the context under which to explore the ecological consequences of phenological shifts beyond asynchrony, such as individual survival, population demography and ecosystem-level consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Naqu Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tibet, China
| | - Miaogen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhua Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Morrison CA, Auniņš A, Benkő Z, Brotons L, Chodkiewicz T, Chylarecki P, Escandell V, Eskildsen DP, Gamero A, Herrando S, Jiguet F, Kålås JA, Kamp J, Klvaňová A, Kmecl P, Lehikoinen A, Lindström Å, Moshøj C, Noble DG, Øien IJ, Paquet JY, Reif J, Sattler T, Seaman BS, Teufelbauer N, Trautmann S, van Turnhout CAM, Vořišek P, Butler SJ. Bird population declines and species turnover are changing the acoustic properties of spring soundscapes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6217. [PMID: 34728617 PMCID: PMC8564540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural sounds, and bird song in particular, play a key role in building and maintaining our connection with nature, but widespread declines in bird populations mean that the acoustic properties of natural soundscapes may be changing. Using data-driven reconstructions of soundscapes in lieu of historical recordings, here we quantify changes in soundscape characteristics at more than 200,000 sites across North America and Europe. We integrate citizen science bird monitoring data with recordings of individual species to reveal a pervasive loss of acoustic diversity and intensity of soundscapes across both continents over the past 25 years, driven by changes in species richness and abundance. These results suggest that one of the fundamental pathways through which humans engage with nature is in chronic decline, with potentially widespread implications for human health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Morrison
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - A Auniņš
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
- Latvian Ornithological Society, Skolas iela 3, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia
| | - Z Benkő
- Romanian Ornithological Society/BirdLife Romania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - L Brotons
- InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), Solsona, 25280, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Chodkiewicz
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679, Warszawa, Poland
- Polish Society for the Protection of Birds (OTOP), ul. Odrowaza 24, 05-270, Marki, Poland
| | - P Chylarecki
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679, Warszawa, Poland
| | - V Escandell
- Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO/BirdLife), Madrid, Spain
| | - D P Eskildsen
- Dansk Ornitologisk Forening, BirdLife Denmark, Vesterbrogade 138-140, DK-1620, København V, Denmark
| | - A Gamero
- European Bird Census Council-Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Bělidle 34, 15000, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - S Herrando
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- European Bird Census Council-Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, Plaça Leonardo da Vinci 4-5, 08019, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Jiguet
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-SU, Paris, France
| | - J A Kålås
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685, Torgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Kamp
- University of Göttingen, Department of Conservation Science, Bürgerstr. 50, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten (DDA), An den Speichern 2, 48157, Münster, Germany
| | - A Klvaňová
- European Bird Census Council-Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Bělidle 34, 15000, Prague 5, Czechia
| | - P Kmecl
- DOPPS - BirdLife Slovenia, Tržaška cesta 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Lehikoinen
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 17, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Å Lindström
- Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Moshøj
- Dansk Ornitologisk Forening, BirdLife Denmark, Vesterbrogade 138-140, DK-1620, København V, Denmark
| | - D G Noble
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, UK
| | - I J Øien
- NOF-BirdLife Norway, Sandgata 30 B, NO-7012, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J-Y Paquet
- Natagora, Département Études, Traverse des Muses 1, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - J Reif
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - T Sattler
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - B S Seaman
- BirdLife Österreich, Museumsplatz 1/10/8, A-1070, Wien, Austria
| | - N Teufelbauer
- BirdLife Österreich, Museumsplatz 1/10/8, A-1070, Wien, Austria
| | - S Trautmann
- Dachverband Deutscher Avifaunisten (DDA), An den Speichern 2, 48157, Münster, Germany
| | - C A M van Turnhout
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, P.O. Box 6521, 6503 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - P Vořišek
- European Bird Census Council-Czech Society for Ornithology, Na Bělidle 34, 15000, Prague 5, Czechia
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17 Listopadu 50, 771 43, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - S J Butler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mühlbauer M, Weisser WW, Müller N, Meyer ST. A green design of city squares increases abundance and diversity of birds. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
42
|
Cheng Z, Tian X, Zhong Z, Li P, Sun D, Bai J, Meng Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu D. Reintroduction, distribution, population dynamics and conservation of a species formerly extinct in the wild: A review of thirty-five years of successful Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) reintroduction in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
43
|
Lahournat M, Jiguet F, Villers A, Eraud C, Henry PY. Where do thrushes migrating to France come from? Within-France distribution and temporal changes over 70 years. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
44
|
Duda MP, Hargan KE, Michelutti N, Blais JM, Grooms C, Gilchrist HG, Mallory ML, Robertson GJ, Smol JP. Reconstructing Long-Term Changes in Avian Populations Using Lake Sediments: Opening a Window Onto the Past. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.698175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of long-term monitoring data for many wildlife populations is a limiting factor in establishing meaningful and achievable conservation goals. Even for well-monitored species, time series are often very short relative to the timescales required to understand a population’s baseline conditions before the contemporary period of increased human impacts. To fill in this critical information gap, techniques have been developed to use sedimentary archives to provide insights into long-term population dynamics over timescales of decades to millennia. Lake and pond sediments receiving animal inputs (e.g., feces, feathers) typically preserve a record of ecological and environmental information that reflects past changes in population size and dynamics. With a focus on bird-related studies, we review the development and use of several paleolimnological proxies to reconstruct past colony sizes, including trace metals, isotopes, lipid biomolecules, diatoms, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs, invertebrate sub-fossils, pigments, and others. We summarize how animal-influenced sediments, cored from around the world, have been successfully used in addressing some of the most challenging questions in conservation biology, namely: How dynamic are populations on long-term timescales? How may populations respond to climate change? How have populations responded to human intrusion? Finally, we conclude with an assessment of the current state of the field, challenges to overcome, and future potential for research.
Collapse
|
45
|
Che X, Zhang M, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Møller AP, Zou F. Long-term trends in the phylogenetic and functional diversity of Anatidae in South China coastal wetlands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02344. [PMID: 33817885 PMCID: PMC8459242 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Species loss has attracted much attention among scientists for more than half a century. However, we have little information on the trends in phylogenetic and functional changes behind the species loss although this information is always asynchronous and important for conservation and management. We measured community trends in Anatidae (ducks and geese) for the last 50 yr to quantify trends in phylogenetic and functional diversity patterns coinciding with taxonomic historical dynamics. We used one-way ANOVAs to test if there was a significant historical trend in communities of Anatidae. We characterized taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of communities. For taxonomic diversity, we used species richness (SR). For phylogenetic diversity, we calculated the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances (ses.MPD) and the standard effect size of mean nearest taxon distances (ses.MNTD) in communities. For functional diversity, we calculated functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional divergence (FDiv), and the community-level weighted means (CWM) of trait values for diet, foraging stratum, and body mass, separately. From the 1950s to 2010s, species richness declined without significant trends. The ses.MNTD of Anatidae communities showed no clear trends. However, ses.MPD of Anatidae communities declined dramatically during this period. For functional diversity, functional evenness of diet, foraging stratum, body mass, and functional dispersion of diet, foraging stratum did not increase or decline significantly. However, functional evenness of all traits, functional richness, and functional dispersion of body mass showed declined trends. The basic phylogenetic diversity and species body mass of Anatidae communities declined significantly because of a declining trend in the relative independent branch of geese. This makes it more challenging for implement community recovery in the future. More attention in conservation biology should consider taxonomic diversity and asynchrony in phylogenetic and functional diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Che
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences105 west xingang roadGuangzhouGuangdong510260China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences105 west xingang roadGuangzhouGuangdong510260China
| | - Xuebing Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences105 west xingang roadGuangzhouGuangdong510260China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences105 west xingang roadGuangzhouGuangdong510260China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences105 west xingang roadGuangzhouGuangdong510260China
| | - Anders Pape Møller
- Ecologie Systématique EvolutionUniversité Paris‐Sud, CNRSAgroParisTechUniversité Paris‐SaclayBâtiment 362ParisOrsay F‐91405France
| | - Fasheng Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource UtilizationGuangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationInstitute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences105 west xingang roadGuangzhouGuangdong510260China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Doser JW, Weed AS, Zipkin EF, Miller KM, Finley AO. Trends in bird abundance differ among protected forests but not bird guilds. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02377. [PMID: 33988277 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Improved monitoring and associated inferential tools to efficiently identify declining bird populations, particularly of rare or sparsely distributed species, is key to informed conservation and management across large spatiotemporal regions. We assess abundance trends for 106 bird species in a network of eight forested national parks located within the northeast United States from 2006 to 2019 using a novel hierarchical model. We develop a multispecies, multiregion, removal-sampling model that shares information across species and parks to enable inference on rare species and sparsely sampled parks and to evaluate the effects of local forest structure. Trends in bird abundance over time varied widely across parks, but species showed similar trends within parks. Three parks (Acadia National Park and Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller and Morristown National Historical Parks [NHP]) decreased in bird abundance across all species, while three parks (Saratoga NHP and Roosevelt-Vanderbilt and Weir-Farm National Historic Sites) increased in abundance. Bird abundance peaked at medium levels of basal area and high levels of percent forest and forest regeneration, with percent forest having the largest effect. Variation in these effects across parks could be a result of differences in forest structural stage and diversity. By sharing information across both communities and parks, our novel hierarchical model enables uncertainty-quantified estimates of abundance across multiple geographical (i.e., network, park) and taxonomic (i.e., community, guild, species) levels over a large spatiotemporal region. We found large variation in abundance trends across parks but not across bird guilds, suggesting that local forest condition might have a broad and consistent effect on the entire bird community within a given park. Research should target the three parks with overall decreasing trends in bird abundance to further identify what specific factors are driving observed declines across the bird community. Understanding how bird communities respond to local forest structure and other stressors (e.g., pest outbreaks, climate change) is crucial for informed and lasting management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Doser
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Aaron S Weed
- Northeast Temperate Inventory and Monitoring Network, National Park Service, Woodstock, Vermont, 05091, USA
| | - Elise F Zipkin
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Kathryn M Miller
- Northeast Temperate Inventory and Monitoring Network, National Park Service, Bar Harbor, Maine, 04609, USA
| | - Andrew O Finley
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Comparing recurrent convolutional neural networks for large scale bird species classification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17085. [PMID: 34429468 PMCID: PMC8385065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a deep learning approach towards the large-scale prediction and analysis of bird acoustics from 100 different bird species. We use spectrograms constructed on bird audio recordings from the Cornell Bird Challenge (CBC)2020 dataset, which includes recordings of multiple and potentially overlapping bird vocalizations with background noise. Our experiments show that a hybrid modeling approach that involves a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for learning the representation for a slice of the spectrogram, and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for the temporal component to combine across time-points leads to the most accurate model on this dataset. We show results on a spectrum of models ranging from stand-alone CNNs to hybrid models of various types obtained by combining CNNs with other CNNs or RNNs of the following types: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and Legendre Memory Units (LMU). The best performing model achieves an average accuracy of 67% over the 100 different bird species, with the highest accuracy of 90% for the bird species, Red crossbill. We further analyze the learned representations visually and find them to be intuitive, where we find that related bird species are clustered close together. We present a novel way to empirically interpret the representations learned by the LMU-based hybrid model which shows how memory channel patterns change over time with the changes seen in the spectrograms.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hallman TA, Robinson WD, Curtis JR, Alverson ER. Building a better baseline to estimate 160 years of avian population change and create historically informed conservation targets. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:1256-1267. [PMID: 33274484 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, anthropogenic land-cover change has been dramatic over the last few centuries and is frequently invoked as a major cause of wildlife population declines. Baseline data currently used to assess population trends, however, began well after major changes to the landscape. In the United States and Canada, breeding bird population trends are assessed by the North American Breeding Bird Survey, which began in the 1960s. Estimates of distribution and abundance prior to major habitat alteration would add historical perspective to contemporary trends and allow for historically based conservation targets. We used a hindcasting framework to estimate change in distribution and abundance of 7 bird species in the Willamette Valley, Oregon (United States). After reconciling classification schemes of current and 1850s reconstructed land cover, we used multiscale species distribution models and hierarchical distance sampling models to predict spatially explicit densities in the modern and historical landscapes. We estimated that since the 1850s, White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) and Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) populations, 2 species sensitive to fragmentation of oak woodlands and grasslands, declined by 93% and 97%, respectively. Five other species we estimated nearly stable or increasing populations, despite steep regional declines since the 1960s. Based on these estimates, we developed historically based conservation targets for amount of habitat, population, and density for each species. Hindcasted reconstructions provide historical perspective for assessing contemporary trends and allow for historically based conservation targets that can inform current management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Hallman
- Monitoring Department, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, Sempach, CH-6204, Switzerland
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - W Douglas Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, U.S.A
| | - Jenna R Curtis
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd. Ithaca, New York, NY, 14850, U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Portaccio A, Basile M, Favaretto A, Campagnaro T, Pettenella D, Sitzia T. The role of Natura 2000 in relation to breeding birds decline on multiple land cover types and policy implications. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
50
|
Crespo J, Jiménez J, Martínez–Abraín A. Increasing wild boar density explains the decline of a Montagu’s harrier population on a protected coastal wetland. ANIMAL BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.32800/abc.2021.44.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We studied the rapid decline in the number of breeding pairs (geometric growth rate λ = 0.86; 14 % annual decrease) of a semi–colonial ground–nesting bird of prey, the Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus), after twelve years of rapid population growth (λ = 1.15; 15 % rate of annual increase) in a protected coastal wetland in Eastern Spain. The study was conducted from 1992–2017, and the range of values in population size was: 2–37 breeding pairs. We contrasted 20 biologically–sound hypotheses (including local and regional factors) to explain the trend over time in the annual number of pairs. The most parsimonious model included a surrogate of wild boar (Sus scrofa) density in the region during the previous year and the annual number of Montagu’s harrier pairs breeding inland in the study province during the focal year. Syntopic western marsh harriers (C. aeruginosus) were not found to have any effect on the numbers of Montagu’s harriers either in our modelling or when we performed a quantitative and qualitative study both for years t and t–1. Our final ‘best’ models did not include spring rainfall, regional forest fires or local land use changes. The impact of wild boars on breeding success, together with conspecific attraction, could have resulted in the dispersal of coastal wetland birds to larger populations in dense inland shrub lands where levels of wild boar nest predation were more likely lower
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Crespo
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Salvaje 'La Granja', El Saler, Valencia, Spain
| | - J. Jiménez
- Servicio de Vida Silvestre, VAlencia, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|