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Salzberg AL, Grab H, Hale C, Poveda K. Herbivore and pollinator body size effects on strawberry fruit quality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305370. [PMID: 38917100 PMCID: PMC11198852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Land use change affects both pollinator and herbivore populations with consequences for crop production. Recent evidence also shows that land use change affects insect traits, with intraspecific body size of pollinators changing across landscape gradients. However, the consequences on crop production of trait changes in different plant interactors have not been well-studied. We hypothesized that changes in body size of key species can be enough to affect crop productivity, and therefore looked at how the field-realistic variation in body size of both an important pollinator, Bombus impatiens (Cresson), and a key pest herbivore, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot), can affect fruit size and damage in strawberry. First, we determined if pests vary in body size along land use gradients as prior studies have documented for pollinators; and second, we tested under controlled conditions how the individual and combined changes in size of an important pollinator and a key herbivore pest affect strawberry fruit production. The key herbivore pest was smaller in landscapes with more natural and semi-natural habitat, confirming that herbivore functional traits can vary along a land use gradient. Additionally, herbivore size, and not pollinator size, marginally affected fruit production-with plants exposed to larger pests producing smaller fruits. Our findings suggest that land use changes at the landscape level affect crop production not just through changes in the species diversity of insect communities that interact with the plant, but also through changes in body size traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Leigh Salzberg
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Heather Grab
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Casey Hale
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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2
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Hederström V, Ekroos J, Friberg M, Krausl T, Opedal ØH, Persson AS, Petrén H, Quan Y, Smith HG, Clough Y. Pollinator-mediated effects of landscape-scale land use on grassland plant community composition and ecosystem functioning - seven hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:675-698. [PMID: 38118437 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is disrupting mutualisms between organisms worldwide. Reported declines in insect populations and changes in pollinator community compositions in response to land use and other environmental drivers have put the spotlight on the need to conserve pollinators. While this is often motivated by their role in supporting crop yields, the role of pollinators for reproduction and resulting taxonomic and functional assembly in wild plant communities has received less attention. Recent findings suggest that observed and experimental gradients in pollinator availability can affect plant community composition, but we know little about when such shifts are to be expected, or the impact they have on ecosystem functioning. Correlations between plant traits related to pollination and plant traits related to other important ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nitrogen uptake or palatability to herbivores, lead us to expect non-random shifts in ecosystem functioning in response to changes in pollinator communities. At the same time, ecological and evolutionary processes may counteract these effects of pollinator declines, limiting changes in plant community composition, and in ecosystem functioning. Despite calls to investigate community- and ecosystem-level impacts of reduced pollination, the study of pollinator effects on plants has largely been confined to impacts on plant individuals or single-species populations. With this review we aim to break new ground by bringing together aspects of landscape ecology, ecological and evolutionary plant-insect interactions, and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research, to generate new ideas and hypotheses about the ecosystem-level consequences of pollinator declines in response to land-use change, using grasslands as a focal system. Based on an integrated set of seven hypotheses, we call for more research investigating the putative pollinator-mediated links between landscape-scale land use and ecosystem functioning. In particular, future research should use combinations of experimental and observational approaches to assess the effects of changes in pollinator communities over multiple years and across species on plant communities and on trait distributions both within and among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hederström
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Theresia Krausl
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna S Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Hampus Petrén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Quan
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
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3
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Zheng S, Yu M, Webber BL, Didham RK. Intraspecific leaf trait variation mediates edge effects on litter decomposition rate in fragmented forests. Ecology 2024; 105:e4260. [PMID: 38353290 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There is strong trait dependence in species-level responses to environmental change and their cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. However, there is little understanding of whether intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can also be an important mechanism mediating environmental effects on ecosystem functioning. This is surprising, given that global change processes such as habitat fragmentation and the creation of forest edges drive strong trait shifts within species. On 20 islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China, we quantified intraspecific leaf trait shifts of a widely distributed shrub species, Vaccinium carlesii, in response to habitat fragmentation. Using a reciprocal transplant decomposition experiment between forest edge and interior on 11 islands with varying areas, we disentangled the relative effects of intraspecific leaf trait variation versus altered environmental conditions on leaf decomposition rates in forest fragments. We found strong intraspecific variation in leaf traits in response to edge effects, with a shift toward recalcitrant leaves with low specific leaf area and high leaf dry matter content from forest interior to the edge. Using structural equation modeling, we showed that such intraspecific leaf trait response to habitat fragmentation had translated into significant plant afterlife effects on leaf decomposition, leading to decreased leaf decomposition rates from the forest interior to the edge. Importantly, the effects of intraspecific leaf trait variation were additive to and stronger than the effects from local environmental changes due to edge effects and habitat loss. Our experiment provides the first quantitative study showing that intraspecific leaf trait response to edge effects is an important driver of the decrease in leaf decomposition rate in fragmented forests. By extending the trait-based response-effect framework toward the individual level, intraspecific variation in leaf economics traits can provide the missing functional link between environmental change and ecological processes. These findings suggest an important area for future research on incorporating ITV to understand and predict changes in ecosystem functioning in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mingjian Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce L Webber
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raphael K Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Cui X, Hou D, Tang Y, Liu M, Qie H, Qian T, Xu R, Lin A, Xu X. Effects of the application of nanoscale zero-valent iron on plants: Meta analysis, mechanism, and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165873. [PMID: 37517727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the ideal conditions for the application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in agricultural production, this review studies the effects of nZVI application on plant physiological parameters, presents its mechanism and prospective outcomes. In this research, it was observed that the application of nZVI had both favorable and unfavorable effects on plant growth, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and nutrient absorption levels. Specifically, the application of nZVI significantly increased the biomass and length of plants, and greatly reduced the germination rate of seeds. In terms of photosynthesis, there was no significant effect for the application of nZVI on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). In terms of oxidative stress, plants respond by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzyme under mild nZVI stress and trigger oxidative burst under severe stress. In addition, the application of nZVI significantly increased the absorption of nutrients (B, K, P, S, Mg, Zn, and Fe). In summary, the application of nZVI can affect the plant physiological parameters, and the degree of influence varies depending on the concentration, preparation method, application method, particle size, and action time of nZVI. These findings are important for evaluating nZVI-related risks and enhancing nZVI safety in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Daibing Hou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yiming Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hantong Qie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tuzheng Qian
- Wellington college, Duke's Ride, Berkshire, Crowthorne RG45 7PU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Ruiqing Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Pablo-Rodríguez JL, Bravo-Monzón ÁE, Montiel-González C, Benítez-Malvido J, Álvarez-Betancourt S, Ramírez-Sánchez O, Oyama K, Arena-Ortiz ML, Alvarez-Añorve MY, Avila-Cabadilla LD. Linking Anthropogenic Landscape Perturbation to Herbivory and Pathogen Leaf Damage in Tropical Tree Communities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3839. [PMID: 38005736 PMCID: PMC10675074 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance of tropical humid forests leads to habitat loss, biodiversity decline, landscape fragmentation, altered nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, soil erosion, pest/pathogen outbreaks, among others. Nevertheless, the impact of these alterations in multitrophic interactions, including host-pathogen and vector-pathogen dynamics, is still not well understood in wild plants. This study aimed to provide insights into the main drivers for the incidence of herbivory and plant pathogen damage, specifically, into how vegetation traits at the local and landscape scale modulate such interactions. For this purpose, in the tropical forest of Calakmul (Campeche, Mexico), we characterised the foliar damage caused by herbivores and pathogens in woody vegetation of 13 sampling sites representing a gradient of forest disturbance and fragmentation in an anthropogenic landscape from well preserved to highly disturbed and fragmented areas. We also evaluated how the incidence of such damage was modulated by the vegetation and landscape attributes. We found that the incidence of damage caused by larger, mobile, generalist herbivores, was more sensitive to changes in landscape configuration, while the incidence of damage caused by small and specialised herbivores with low dispersal capacity was more influenced by vegetation and landscape composition. In relation to pathogen symptoms, the herbivore-induced foliar damage seems to be the main factor related to their incidence, indicating the enormous importance of herbivorous insects in the modulation of disease dynamics across tropical vegetation, as they could be acting as vectors and/or facilitating the entry of pathogens by breaking the foliar tissue and the plant defensive barriers. The incidence of pathogen damage also responded to vegetation structure and landscape configuration; the incidence of anthracnose, black spot, and chlorosis, for example, were favoured in sites surrounded by smaller patches and a higher edge density, as well as those with a greater aggregation of semi-evergreen forest patches. Fungal pathogens were shown to be an important cause of foliar damage for many woody species. Our results indicate that an increasing transformation and fragmentation of the tropical forest of southern Mexico could reduce the degree of specialisation in plant-herbivore interactions and enhance the proliferation of generalist herbivores (chewers and scrapers) and of mobile leaf suckers, and consequently, the proliferation of some symptoms associated with fungal pathogens such as fungus black spots and anthracnose. The symptoms associated with viral and bacterial diseases and to nutrient deficiency, such as chlorosis, could also increase in the vegetation in fragmented landscapes with important consequences in the health and productivity of wild and cultivated plant species. This is a pioneering study evaluating the effect of disturbances on multitrophic interactions, offering key insights on the main drivers of the changes in herbivory interactions and incidence of plant pathogens in tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Pablo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97357, Mexico; (J.L.P.-R.); (Á.E.B.-M.); (S.Á.-B.); (O.R.-S.)
| | - Ángel E. Bravo-Monzón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97357, Mexico; (J.L.P.-R.); (Á.E.B.-M.); (S.Á.-B.); (O.R.-S.)
| | - Cristina Montiel-González
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Francisco de Campeche 24500, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Benítez-Malvido
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Hábitats Alterados, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Mexico;
| | - Sandra Álvarez-Betancourt
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97357, Mexico; (J.L.P.-R.); (Á.E.B.-M.); (S.Á.-B.); (O.R.-S.)
| | - Oriana Ramírez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97357, Mexico; (J.L.P.-R.); (Á.E.B.-M.); (S.Á.-B.); (O.R.-S.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia 58190, Mexico;
| | - María Leticia Arena-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Ecogenómica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Parque Científico y Tecnológico, Mérida 97302, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Yólotl Alvarez-Añorve
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97357, Mexico; (J.L.P.-R.); (Á.E.B.-M.); (S.Á.-B.); (O.R.-S.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mérida 97357, Mexico; (J.L.P.-R.); (Á.E.B.-M.); (S.Á.-B.); (O.R.-S.)
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional de Sistemas Tropicales, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, Mexico
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6
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Yang H, Li R, Li J, Guo Y, Gao T, Guo D, Zhang Q. Changes of heavy metal concentrations in farmland soils affected by non-ferrous metal smelting in China: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122442. [PMID: 37634567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-term human smelting activities have resulted in substantial heavy metals (HMs) pollution of farmland soils around smelting sites, and the safety of farmland products is critical for human health. The current study focuses on HMs in farmland soils surrounding a single smelter, therefore the impact of smelting on a national scale needs to be investigated further. This study was based on 116 papers and 1143 sets of relevant data for meta-analysis, and a hierarchical mixed-effects model was used to quantify the changes of HMs concentrations in farmland soils affected by non-ferrous metal smelting on a national scale, as well as their relationships with relevant explanatory variables in China. Results showed that: (i) non-ferrous metal smelting substantially increased farmland soils HMs concentrations (323%), with each HM concentration increasing in the following order: Cd (2753%) > Pb (562%) > Hg (455%) > Zn (228%) > Cu (158%) > As (107%) > Ni (52%); (ii) the highest increase of HMs in vegetable fields (361%), but not significant in comparison to other farmland categories, and the increase of Pb, Zn, Cu and As concentrations were significantly different in different types of smelting areas; (iii) the increase of Hg was significantly higher in the northern region than in the southern region, and the opposite increase of Cu; (iv) the soil depth from 0 to 40 cm was significantly affected by smelting, and the increase of multiple HMs were significantly positively correlated with soil pH and negatively correlated with distance; (v) the other explanatory variables (farmland category and soil organic matter) were not significantly related to the effect of smelting. The results can provide some reference for protecting and restoring farmland soils around smelting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaiXin Yang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - RongRong Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - JiaSheng Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - YuRu Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - TianShu Gao
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - DongGang Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - QuanXi Zhang
- College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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7
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Wang MQ, Wen Z, Ke J, Chesters D, Li Y, Chen JT, Luo A, Shi X, Zhou QS, Liu XJ, Ma K, Bruelheide H, Schuldt A, Zhu CD. Tree communities and functional traits determine herbivore compositional turnover. Oecologia 2023; 203:205-218. [PMID: 37831151 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
There are many factors known to drive species turnover, although the mechanisms by which these operate are less clear. Based on comprehensive datasets from the largest tree diversity experiment worldwide (BEF-China), we used shared herbivore species (zeta diversity) and multi-site generalized dissimilarity modelling to investigate the patterns and determinants of species turnover of Lepidoptera herbivores among study plots across a gradient in tree species richness. We found that zeta diversity declined sharply with an increasing number of study plots, with complete changes in caterpillar species composition observed even at the fine spatial scale of our study. Plant community characteristics rather than abiotic factors were found to play key roles in driving caterpillar compositional turnover, although these effects varied with an increasing number of study plots considered, due to the varying contributions of rare and common species to compositional turnover. Our study reveals details of the impact of phylogeny- and trait-mediated processes of trees on herbivore compositional turnover, which has implications for forest management and conservation and shows potential avenues for maintenance of heterogeneity in herbivore communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4 Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhixin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinzhao Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4 Renmin South Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Douglas Chesters
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing-Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Arong Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing-Song Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101314, China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation, University of Göttingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Chao-Dong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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8
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Huang C, Zhou K, Huang Y, Fan P, Liu Y, Lee TM. Insights into the coexistence of birds and humans in cropland through meta-analyses of bird exclosure studies, crop loss mitigation experiments, and social surveys. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002166. [PMID: 37410698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Birds share lands with humans at a substantial scale and affect crops. Yet, at a global scale, systematic evaluations of human-bird coexistence in croplands are scarce. Here, we compiled and used meta-analysis approaches to synthesize multiple global datasets of ecological and social dimensions to understand this complex coexistence system. Our result shows that birds usually increase woody, but not herbaceous, crop production, implying that crop loss mitigation efforts are critical for a better coexistence. We reveal that many nonlethal technical measures are more effective in reducing crop loss, e.g., using scaring devices and changing sow practices, than other available methods. Besides, we find that stakeholders from low-income countries are more likely to perceive the crop losses caused by birds and are less positive toward birds than those from high-income ones. Based on our evidence, we identified potential regional clusters, particularly in tropical areas, for implementing win-win coexistence strategies. Overall, we provide an evidence-based knowledge flow and solutions for stakeholders to integrate the conservation and management of birds in croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjun Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tien Ming Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Duan Z, Chen C, Ni C, Xiong J, Wang Z, Cai J, Tan W. How different is the remediation effect of biochar for cadmium contaminated soil in various cropping systems? A global meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130939. [PMID: 36860073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) poses great threats to human health as a major contaminant in agricultural soil. Biochar shows great potential in the remediation of agricultural soil. However, it remains unclear whether the remediation effect of biochar on Cd pollution is affected by various cropping systems. Here, this study used 2007 paired observations from 227 peer-reviewed articles and employed hierarchical meta-analysis to investigate the response of three types of cropping systems to the remediation of Cd pollution by using biochar. As a result, biochar application significantly reduced the Cd content in soil, plant roots and edible parts of various cropping systems. The decrease in Cd level ranged from 24.9% to 45.0%. The feedstock, application rate, and pH of biochar as well as soil pH and cation exchange capacity were dominant factors for Cd remediation effect of biochar, and their relative importance all exceeded 37.4%. Lignocellulosic and herbal biochar were found to be suitable for all cropping systems, while the effects of manure, wood and biomass biochar were limited in cereal cropping systems. Furthermore, biochar exhibited a more long-lasting remediation effect on paddy soils than on dryland. This study provides new insights into the sustainable agricultural management of typical cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Duan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chunlan Ni
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junxiong Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Academy of Ecological and Environmental Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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The Grassland Fragmentation Experiment in the Swiss Jura Mountains: A Synthesis. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We synthesize findings from a 7-year fragmentation experiment in species-rich, nutrient-poor, dry calcareous grasslands in the north-western Jura mountains, Switzerland. We used a standardized approach with 48 fragments (0.25–20.25 m2) and corresponding control plots in three sites. The 5-m-wide isolation area around the fragments was maintained by frequent mowing. Fragments experienced various ecological changes, e.g., plant biomass increased along fragment edges. We examined fragmentation effects on species richness and composition, abundance, genetic diversity, functional diversity, species traits and species interactions (pollination, herbivory, parasitism, disease) in a wide array of invertebrate (gastropods, spiders, woodlice, various insect groups) and plant taxa. Responses to fragmentation differed between taxonomical groups and species. While species richness and individual density were lower in fragments in some groups, the opposite was true for other groups. Fragmentation effects were most pronounced on species interactions; however, some effects only occurred with a delay. For example, fragmentation influenced foraging patterns of bumblebees, affecting pollination, which in turn resulted in a decreased outcrossing frequency and reduced genetic diversity in a focal plant species. We highlight key findings of the experiment and emphasize their implications for grassland conservation.
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11
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Jiang BN, Lu MB, Zhang ZY, Xie BL, Song HL. Quantifying biochar-induced greenhouse gases emission reduction effects in constructed wetlands and its heterogeneity: A multi-level meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158688. [PMID: 36108836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zero-waste biochar is an emerging tool for carbon neutralization, but the role of biochar in reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions from CWs were controversy and uncertainty. Yet, no previous study has integrated multiple research systems to quantitatively examine biochar-mediated GHGs emission reduction potential in CWs. Here we synthesized 114 studies to quantify biochar-induced declines ability of GHGs in the CWs by using the multi-level meta-analysis, reveal the variation of GHGs emission effect in different biochar-CWs and its response relationship with biochar, and identify the moderating variables that had a strong explanatory effect on the emission reduction effect of biochar. We showed that biochar remarkably affect CO2 mitigation (p < 0.05), but has insignificant and heterogeneous effects on CH4 and N2O. Pyrolysis time, influent dissolved oxygen (DO), influent NO3--N concentration, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and wetland type can significantly affect the effect of biochar on CH4 emission reduction. Particularly, the importance of HRT and wetland type was 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. Specially, the surface batch CWs modified by biochar could significantly promote the emission of CH4 (p < 0.001), and the effect size was up to 89.59. For N2O, biochar diameter, biochar addition ratio, influent COD/TN ratio, plant name, and removal efficiency of NO3--N/TN/COD were significant moderators. Among them, influent COD/TN ratio and plant name showed a stronger explanation. Planting Cyperus alternifolius L. significantly enhanced the N2O emission reduction capacity by biochar (p < 0.001), and effect size was as low as -24.32. 700-900 °C biochar can promote CH4 flux but inhibit N2O flux. This study provides an important theoretical basis and valuable strategic guidance for more accurate estimation and improvement of synergistic emission reduction benefits between CH4 and N2O of biochar in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Ni Jiang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agro-Environment, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Min-Bo Lu
- CCDI(Suzhou) Exploration & Design Consultant Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liuhe Observation and Experimental Station of National Agro-Environment, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Bo-Lun Xie
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hai-Liang Song
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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12
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Korányi D, Egerer M, Rusch A, Szabó B, Batáry P. Urbanization hampers biological control of insect pests: A global meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155396. [PMID: 35460770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biological control is a major ecosystem service provided by pest natural enemies, even in densely populated areas where the use of pesticides poses severe risks to human and environmental health. However, the impact of urbanization on this service and the abundance patterns of relevant functional groups of arthropods (herbivores, predators, and parasitoids) remain contested. Here, we synthesize current evidence through three hierarchical meta-analyses and show that advancing urbanization leads to outbreaks of sap-feeding insects, declining numbers of predators with low dispersal abilities, and weakened overall biological pest control delivered by arthropods. Our results suggest that sedentary predators may have the potential to effectively regulate sap-feeders, that are one of the most important pests in urban environments. A well-connected network of structurally diverse and rich green spaces with less intensive management practices is needed to promote natural plant protection in urban landscapes and sustainable cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Korányi
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary.
| | - Monika Egerer
- Technische Universität München, Department of Life Science Systems, School of Life Sciences, Hans Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Adrien Rusch
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Borbála Szabó
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Péter Batáry
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
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13
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Conn PB, Ver Hoef JM, McClintock BT, Johnson DS, Brost B. A
GLMM
approach for combining multiple relative abundance surfaces. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Conn
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA USA
| | - Jay M. Ver Hoef
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA USA
| | - Brett T. McClintock
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA USA
| | - Devin S. Johnson
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service Honolulu HI USA
| | - Brian Brost
- Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service Seattle WA USA
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14
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Krishnan A, Osuri AM, Krishnadas M. Small mammals reduce distance dependence and increase seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Krishnan
- Post‐Graduate Programme in Wildlife Biology and Conservation National Centre for Biological Sciences Bangalore Karnataka India
- Nature Conservation Foundation Mysore Karnataka India
| | | | - Meghna Krishnadas
- Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered Species CSIR – Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad Telangana India
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15
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Fricke U, Redlich S, Zhang J, Tobisch C, Rojas-Botero S, Benjamin CS, Englmeier J, Ganuza C, Riebl R, Uhler J, Uphus L, Ewald J, Kollmann J, Steffan-Dewenter I. Plant richness, land use and temperature differently shape invertebrate leaf-chewing herbivory on plant functional groups. Oecologia 2022; 199:407-417. [PMID: 35711067 PMCID: PMC9225970 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Higher temperatures can increase metabolic rates and carbon demands of invertebrate herbivores, which may shift leaf-chewing herbivory among plant functional groups differing in C:N (carbon:nitrogen) ratios. Biotic factors influencing herbivore species richness may modulate these temperature effects. Yet, systematic studies comparing leaf-chewing herbivory among plant functional groups in different habitats and landscapes along temperature gradients are lacking. This study was conducted on 80 plots covering large gradients of temperature, plant richness and land use in Bavaria, Germany. We investigated proportional leaf area loss by chewing invertebrates ('herbivory') in three plant functional groups on open herbaceous vegetation. As potential drivers, we considered local mean temperature (range 8.4-18.8 °C), multi-annual mean temperature (range 6.5-10.0 °C), local plant richness (species and family level, ranges 10-51 species, 5-25 families), adjacent habitat type (forest, grassland, arable field, settlement), proportion of grassland and landscape diversity (0.2-3 km scale). We observed differential responses of leaf-chewing herbivory among plant functional groups in response to plant richness (family level only) and habitat type, but not to grassland proportion, landscape diversity and temperature-except for multi-annual mean temperature influencing herbivory on grassland plots. Three-way interactions of plant functional group, temperature and predictors of plant richness or land use did not substantially impact herbivory. We conclude that abiotic and biotic factors can assert different effects on leaf-chewing herbivory among plant functional groups. At present, effects of plant richness and habitat type outweigh effects of temperature and landscape-scale land use on herbivory among legumes, forbs and grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Fricke
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Redlich
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cynthia Tobisch
- Institute for Ecology and Landscape, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany.,Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sandra Rojas-Botero
- Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Caryl S Benjamin
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, EcoclimatologyFreising, Germany
| | - Jana Englmeier
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Ganuza
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Riebl
- Professorship of Ecological Services, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes Uhler
- Field Station Fabrikschleichach, Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Uphus
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, EcoclimatologyFreising, Germany
| | - Jörg Ewald
- Institute for Ecology and Landscape, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Abstract
AbstractInvertebrates comprise the most diversified animal group on Earth. Due to their long evolutionary history and small size, invertebrates occupy a remarkable range of ecological niches, and play an important role as “ecosystem engineers” by structuring networks of mutualistic and antagonistic ecological interactions in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Urban forests provide critical ecosystem services to humans, and, as in other systems, invertebrates are central to structuring and maintaining the functioning of urban forests. Identifying the role of invertebrates in urban forests can help elucidate their importance to practitioners and the public, not only to preserve biodiversity in urban environments, but also to make the public aware of their functional importance in maintaining healthy greenspaces. In this review, we examine the multiple functional roles that invertebrates play in urban forests that contribute to ecosystem service provisioning, including pollination, predation, herbivory, seed and microorganism dispersal and organic matter decomposition, but also those that lead to disservices, primarily from a public health perspective, e.g., transmission of invertebrate-borne diseases. We then identify a number of ecological filters that structure urban forest invertebrate communities, such as changes in habitat structure, increased landscape imperviousness, microclimatic changes and pollution. We also discuss the complexity of ways that forest invertebrates respond to urbanisation, including acclimation, local extinction and evolution. Finally, we present management recommendations to support and conserve viable and diverse urban forest invertebrate populations into the future.
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17
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Field experiments underestimate aboveground biomass response to drought. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:540-545. [PMID: 35273367 PMCID: PMC9085612 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Researchers use both experiments and observations to study the impacts of climate change on ecosystems, but results from these contrasting approaches have not been systematically compared for droughts. Using a meta-analysis and accounting for potential confounding factors, we demonstrate that aboveground biomass responded only about half as much to experimentally imposed drought events as to natural droughts. Our findings indicate that experimental results may underestimate climate change impacts and highlight the need to integrate results across approaches.
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18
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Sáez A, Aguilar R, Ashworth L, Gleiser G, Morales CL, Traveset A, Aizen MA. Managed honeybees decrease pollination limitation in self-compatible but not in self-incompatible crops. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220086. [PMID: 35382601 PMCID: PMC8984806 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern agriculture is becoming increasingly pollinator-dependent. However, the global stock of domesticated honeybees is growing at a slower rate than its demand, while wild bees are declining worldwide. This uneven scenario of high pollinator demand and low pollinator availability can translate into increasing pollination limitation, reducing the yield of pollinator-dependent crops. However, overall assessments of crop pollination limitation and the factors determining its magnitude are missing. Based on 52 published studies including 30 crops, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing crop yield in pollen-supplemented versus open-pollinated flowers. We assessed the overall magnitude of pollination limitation and whether this magnitude was influenced by (i) the presence/absence of managed honeybees, (ii) crop compatibility system (i.e. self-compatible/self-incompatible) and (iii) the interaction between these two factors. Overall, pollen supplementation increased yield by approximately 34%, indicating sizable pollination limitation. Deployment of managed honeybees and self-compatibility were associated with lower pollination limitation. Particularly, active honeybee management decreased pollination limitation among self-compatible but apparently not among self-incompatible crops. These findings indicate that current pollination regimes are, in general, inadequate to maximize crop yield, even when including managed honeybees, and stress the need of transforming the pollination management paradigm of agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Sáez
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Aguilar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, México
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, México
| | - Gabriela Gleiser
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Morales
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Anna Traveset
- Global Change Research Group, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Marcelo A Aizen
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización (ECOPOL), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medio Ambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina.,Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin 14193, Germany
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19
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Fragmentation of forest-steppe predicts functional community composition of wild bee and wasp communities. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Brant HSC, da Silva PG, de Castro FS, Perillo LN, de Siqueira Neves F. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ant Metacommunity in a Montane Forest Archipelago. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:886-898. [PMID: 34292497 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Naturally fragmented landscapes are adequate systems for evaluating patterns and mechanisms that determine species distribution without confounding effects of anthropogenic fragmentation and habitat loss. We aimed to evaluate an ant metacommunity's spatiotemporal patterns in montane forest islands amid a grassland-dominated matrix. We assessed these patterns by deconstructing the ant metacommunity into forest-dependent and habitat generalist species. We sampled twice a year (summer and winter) over 2 years (2014 and 2015), using soil and arboreal pitfall traps, in fourteen forest islands (varying in size, shape, and connectivity) in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, Brazil. We evaluated the relationship between ant species richness, composition (β-diversity), and predictor variables of forest island structure (canopy cover and understory density) and landscape structure (forest amount, number of forest islands, and shape). We sampled 99 ant species, 66.7% of which were classified as forest-dependent and 33.3% as habitat generalist species. We found that ant β-diversity was higher in space than in time, and that species composition variation in time (temporal β-diversity) differed between ant species groups. Both ant groups responded differently to forest island and landscape structure characteristics. Landscape structure seems to act as a spatial filter and the forest islands' local characteristics as an environmental filter, which jointly determine the local and regional diversity. We demonstrate the importance that forest archipelagos pose to ant metacommunity's structure and dynamics in montane tropical regions. Mountaintop conservation and management strategies must consider the forest island archipelago to maintain the biodiversity and the functioning of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Soares Caldeira Brant
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Univ Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Giovâni da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Siqueira de Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Neves Perillo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Bocaina Biologia da Conservação, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Frederico de Siqueira Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Univ Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Depto de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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21
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Ramalingam R, Dharma Rajan P. Habitat quality and edge area of fragments determine insect diversity in a heavily used landscape: Implications for forest landscape restoration. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ramalingam
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) Bangalore India
- Ecorest Services Private Limited Bangalore North India
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22
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Kiesewetter KN, Afkhami ME. Microbiome-mediated effects of habitat fragmentation on native plant performance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1823-1838. [PMID: 34213774 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is a leading cause of biodiversity and ecosystem function loss in the Anthropocene. Despite the importance of plant-microbiome interactions to ecosystem productivity, we have limited knowledge of how fragmentation affects microbiomes and even less knowledge of its consequences for microbial interactions with plants. Combining field surveys, microbiome sequencing, manipulative experiments, and random forest models, we investigated fragmentation legacy effects on soil microbiomes in imperiled pine rocklands, tested how compositional shifts across 14 fragmentation-altered soil microbiomes affected performance and resource allocation of three native plant species, and identified fragmentation-responding microbial families underpinning plant performance. Legacies of habitat fragmentation were associated with significant changes in microbial diversity and composition (across three of four community axes). Experiments showed plants often strongly benefited from the microbiome's presence, but fragmentation-associated changes in microbiome composition also significantly affected plant performance and resource allocation across all seven metrics examined. Finally, random forest models identified ten fungal and six bacterial families important for plant performance that changed significantly with fragmentation. Our findings not only support the existence of significant fragmentation effects on natural microbiomes, but also demonstrate for the first time that fragmentation-associated changes in microbiomes can have meaningful consequences for native plant performance and investment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle E Afkhami
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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Yang LH, Postema EG, Hayes TE, Lippey MK, MacArthur-Waltz DJ. The complexity of global change and its effects on insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:90-102. [PMID: 34004376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global change includes multiple overlapping and interacting drivers: 1) climate change, 2) land use change, 3) novel chemicals, and 4) the increased global transport of organisms. Recent studies have documented the complex and counterintuitive effects of these drivers on the behavior, life histories, distributions, and abundances of insects. This complexity arises from the indeterminacy of indirect, non-additive and combined effects. While there is wide consensus that global change is reorganizing communities, the available data are limited. As the pace of anthropogenic changes outstrips our ability to document its impacts, ongoing change may lead to increasingly unpredictable outcomes. This complexity and uncertainty argue for renewed efforts to address the fundamental drivers of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louie H Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Postema
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Tracie E Hayes
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Population Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mia K Lippey
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Entomology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dylan J MacArthur-Waltz
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA; Population Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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24
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Kulikowski AJ, Zahawi RA, Holl KD. Effects of insect herbivory on seedling mortality in restored and remnant tropical forest. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy J. Kulikowski
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
| | - Rakan A. Zahawi
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
- Lyon Arboretum University of Hawai'i at Mānoa 3860 Mānoa Road Honolulu Hawaii 96822 U.S.A
| | - Karen D. Holl
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
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Carvalho RL, Anjos DV, Fagundes R, Luna P, Ribeiro SP. Similar topologies of individual‐based plant‐herbivorous networks in forest interior and anthropogenic edges. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Carvalho
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Diego V Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Roberth Fagundes
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro‐Brasileira Redenção CearáC.P. 62790‐000Brazil
| | - Pedro Luna
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología AC Xalapa VeracruzC.P. 91070Mexico
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
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Vanbergen AJ, Boissieres C, Gray A, Chapman DS. Habitat loss, predation pressure and episodic heat-shocks interact to impact arthropods and photosynthetic functioning of microecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210032. [PMID: 33823665 PMCID: PMC8059533 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems face multiple, potentially interacting, anthropogenic pressures that can modify biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a bryophyte-microarthropod microecosystem we tested the combined effects of habitat loss, episodic heat-shocks and an introduced non-native apex predator on ecosystem function (chlorophyll fluorescence as an indicator of photosystem II function) and microarthropod communities (abundance and body size). The photosynthetic function was degraded by the sequence of heat-shock episodes, but unaffected by microecosystem patch size or top-down pressure from the introduced predator. In small microecosystem patches without the non-native predator, Acari abundance decreased with heat-shock frequency, while Collembola abundance increased. These trends disappeared in larger microecosystem patches or when predators were introduced, although Acari abundance was lower in large patches that underwent heat-shocks and were exposed to the predator. Mean assemblage body length (Collembola) was reduced independently in small microecosystem patches and with greater heat-shock frequency. Our experimental simulation of episodic heatwaves, habitat loss and non-native predation pressure in microecosystems produced evidence of individual and potentially synergistic and antagonistic effects on ecosystem function and microarthropod communities. Such complex outcomes of interactions between multiple stressors need to be considered when assessing anthropogenic risks for biota and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Vanbergen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Claire Boissieres
- L'Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, BP 32607, Auzeville-Tolosane 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alan Gray
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Daniel S. Chapman
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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27
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Pant A, Mopper S. Variation in Insect Richness on Six Prairie Plant Species. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Pant
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 E. St. Mary Boulevard, Billeaud Hall, Lafayette, LA 70503
| | - Susan Mopper
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 E. St. Mary Boulevard, Billeaud Hall, Lafayette, LA 70503
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Cahill JRA, Merckx T, Van Dyck H, Fernández M, Matthysen E. Lower density of arthropod biomass in small high‐Andes
Polylepis
fragments affects habitat use in insectivorous birds. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. A. Cahill
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia
| | - Thomas Merckx
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation Group Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Department of Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Hans Van Dyck
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation Group Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Milton Fernández
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Research Group University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
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From forest to fragment: compositional differences inside coastal forest moth assemblages and their environmental correlates. Oecologia 2021; 195:453-467. [PMID: 33523300 PMCID: PMC7882585 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of β-diversity can provide insight into forces shaping community assembly. We analyzed species-rich insect assemblages in two reserve fragments that had once been part of one contiguous Mediterranean coastal pine forest. Local environments are still similar across both fragments, but their landscape context differs strongly, with one surrounded by intense agricultural land, while the other neighbors the urbanized area of Ravenna. Using 23,870 light-trap records of 392 moth species, and multiple local and landscape metrics, we compared the relative importance of habitat- versus landscape-scale environmental factors for shaping small-scale variation in differentiation and proportional insect β-diversity across 30 sites per reserve. Moth assemblage composition differed substantially between fragments, most likely due to ecological drift and landscape-scale variation. For proportional β-diversity, especially local forest structure was important. At well-developed forest sites, additive homogenization could be observed, whereas the lack of typical forest species at dry, dense, and younger forest sites increased species turnover (subtractive heterogenization). For differentiation β-diversity, local and landscape-scale factors were equally important in both reserves. At the landscape-scale (500 m radius around light-trapping sites) the proximity to urban areas and the fraction of human-altered land were most important. At the habitat scale, gradients in soil humidity, nutrient levels and forest structure mattered most, whereas plant diversity had very little explanatory power. Overall, landscape-scale anthropogenic alterations had major effects on moth communities inside the two conservation areas. Yet, even for these parts of one formerly contiguous forest trajectories in community change were remarkably idiosyncratic.
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Smaller and Isolated Grassland Fragments Are Exposed to Stronger Seed and Insect Predation in Habitat Edges. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation threatens terrestrial arthropod biodiversity, and thereby also leads to alterations of ecosystem functioning and stability. Predation on insects and seeds by arthropods are two very important ecological functions because of their community-structuring effects. We addressed the effect of fragment connectivity, fragment size, and edge effect on insect and seed predation of arthropods. We studied 60 natural fragments of two grassland ecosystems in the same region (Hungarian Great Plain), 30 forest-steppes, and 30 burial mounds (kurgans). The size of fragments were in the range of 0.16–6.88 ha for forest-steppe and 0.01–0.44 ha for kurgan. We used 2400 sentinel arthropod preys (dummy caterpillars) and 4800 seeds in trays for the measurements. Attack marks on dummy caterpillars were used for predator identification and calculation of insect predation rates. In the case of seeds, predation rates were calculated as the number of missing or damaged seeds per total number of exposed seeds. Increasing connectivity played a role only in generally small kurgans, with a negative effect on insect and seed predation rates in the edges. In contrast, fragment size moderated edge effects on insect and seed predation rates in generally large forest-steppes. The difference between edges and centres was more pronounced in small than in large fragments. Our study emphasizes the important role of landscape and fragment-scale factors interacting with edge effect in shaping ecosystem functions in natural grassland fragments of modified landscapes. Managing functional landscapes to optimize the assessment of ecosystem functions and services needs a multispatial scale approach.
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31
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Monticelli LS, Bishop J, Desneux N, Gurr GM, Jaworski CC, McLean AH, Thomine E, Vanbergen AJ. Multiple global change impacts on parasitism and biocontrol services in future agricultural landscapes. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Batáry P, Rösch V, Dormann CF, Tscharntke T. Increasing connectivity enhances habitat specialists but simplifies plant-insect food webs. Oecologia 2020; 195:539-546. [PMID: 33367959 PMCID: PMC7882472 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Strong declines of grassland species diversity in small and isolated grassland patches have been observed at local and landscape scales. Here, we study how plant-herbivore interaction webs and habitat specialisation of leafhopper communities change with the size of calcareous grassland fragments and landscape connectivity. We surveyed leafhoppers and plants on 14 small (0.1-0.6 ha) and 14 large (1.2-8.8 ha) semi-natural calcareous grassland fragments in Central Germany, differing in isolation from other calcareous grasslands and in the percentage of arable land in the surrounding landscape (from simple to complex landscapes). We quantified weighted trophic links between plants and their phytophagous leafhoppers for each grassland fragment. We found that large and well-connected grassland fragments harboured a high portion of specialist leafhopper species, which in turn yielded low interaction diversity and simple plant-leafhopper food webs. In contrast, small and well-connected fragments exhibited high levels of generalism, leading to higher interaction diversity. In conclusion, food web complexity appeared to be a poor indicator for the management of insect diversity, as it is driven by specialist species, which require high connectivity of large fragments in complex landscapes. We conclude that habitat specialists should be prioritized since generalist species associated with small fragments are also widespread in the surrounding landscape matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Batáry
- "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary.
| | - Verena Rösch
- Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Carsten F Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Wang L, Guo P, Tong H, Wang A, Chang Y, Guo X, Gong J, Song C, Wu L, Wang T, Hopke PK, Chen X, Tang NJ, Mao H. Traffic-related metrics and adverse birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109752. [PMID: 32516633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the inconsistency of epidemiologic evidence for associations between maternal exposures to traffic-related metrics and adverse birth outcomes, this manuscript aims to provide clarity on this topic. Pooled meta-estimates were calculated using random-effects analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study area, study design, and Newcastle-Ottawa quality score (NOS). Funnel plots and Egger's test were conducted to evaluate the publication bias, and Fail-safe Numbers (Fail-safe N) were measured to evaluate the robustness of models. From the initial 740 studies (last search, July 11, 2019), 26 studies were included in our analysis. The pooled odds ratio for the change in small for gestational age associated with per 500 m decrease in the distance to roads was 1.016 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.029). Subgroup analyses revealed significant positive associations between term low birth weight and traffic density in higher-quality literatures with higher NOS [1.060 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.121)], cohort studies [1.020 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.033)], and studies in North America [1.018 (95% CI: 1.005, 1.131)]. The buffer of traffic density made no difference in the effect size. Traffic density seemed to be a better indicator of traffic pollution than the distance to roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengyi Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Tong
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Anxu Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, China
| | - Xuemei Guo
- University Library, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junming Gong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Congbo Song
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China.
| | - Nai-Jun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, 300070, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research (CUTER), And State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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Li M, Xu J, Gao Z, Tian H, Gao Y, Kariman K. Genetically modified crops are superior in their nitrogen use efficiency-A meta-analysis of three major cereals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8568. [PMID: 32444783 PMCID: PMC7244766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently uncertain to what extent genetic transformations of strategic crops (targeting diverse traits) have improved their N use efficiency (NUE), and what the key factors affecting their NUE are. Based on data collected from 130 publications, the effect sizes of genetic transformations and the key factors influencing NUE for three major cereal crops (rice, maize, and wheat), were investigated using a meta-analysis approach. Genetic transformations increased yield, shoot biomass, N uptake efficiency (NUpE), and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN) in the crops, but decreased shoot NUE (SNUE) and grain NUE (GNUE). Transporter genes improved yield and NUE parameters more efficiently, than did the other gene types. The effect sizes for some NUE parameters varied according to crop species and experimental conditions but did not differ between the overexpression and ectopic expression methods. Most effect sizes did not correlate with gene overexpression levels. These results indicate a promising potential of genetic transformations approaches for improving certain NUE parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jili Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yajun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Khalil Kariman
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Zhu P, Zheng X, Xie G, Chen G, Lu Z, Gurr G. Relevance of the ecological traits of parasitoid wasps and nectariferous plants for conservation biological control: a hybrid meta-analysis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1881-1892. [PMID: 31840379 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecosystem services are key to human survival. In agriculture, they offer potential to intensify production while reducing reliance on hazardous inputs, including pesticides. Nectar plants can nourish natural enemies of pests and thereby promote the ecosystem service of biological control. To date, however, the selection of optimal plants has been reliant on laborious testing of multiple candidate species for use in each new agroecosystem. We report a hybrid meta-analysis of published literature, employing Bayesian network analysis. RESULTS The hybrid meta-analysis identified the particular plant and parasitoid traits that were most predictive of promoted or suppressed parasitoid longevity. Integrating trait effects identified a combination of plant-parasitoid traits that had the highest impact on parasitoid longevity: compound umbel or raceme inflorescence form and shallow corolla, together with high potential fecundity of the parasitoid. CONCLUSION Unlike earlier analyses focusing on taxonomic categories, we analyzed effect sizes in relation to the ecological traits of parasitoids and plants. This generated the first generalizable guidelines for selecting nectar plants as well as appropriate parasitoid targets for the enhancement of biological control. Within the guidelines, optimal outcomes resulted when plants with compound umbel or raceme inflorescences and shallow corollas were combined with fecund parasitoids. More widely, this type of ecological trait-based meta-analysis opens a new avenue for optimizing the delivery of other types of ecosystem services. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
- Jinhua Plant Protection Station, Jinhua, China
| | - Xusong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Research Office, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Guihua Chen
- Jinhua Plant Protection Station, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Geoff Gurr
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
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Lin Z, Li J, Luan Y, Dai W. Application of algae for heavy metal adsorption: A 20-year meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110089. [PMID: 31896472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of algae to adsorb heavy metals is an efficient and environmentally friendly treatment for contaminated water and has attracted widespread research attention. In this study, a meta-analysis of the heavy metal adsorption capacity of algae from five different phyla and the factors influencing these capacities was conducted. Phaeophyta was found to have a high heavy metal adsorption capacity, whereas Bacillariophyta had a relatively low adsorption capacity; Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, and Cyanophyta had moderate adsorption capacities. Non-living algae were more effective in practical applications than living algae were. Algal biomass had a relatively high adsorption efficiency of 1-10 g/L, which did not increase significantly when algal concentration increased. The algal adsorption efficiency for initial heavy metal concentrations of 10-100 mg/L was higher than for concentrations of greater than 100 mg/L. The results further show that algal adsorption of heavy metals reached a maximum capacity of 80-90% within 20 min. Heavy metal adsorption by algae was not temperature-dependent, and it was more effective in moderately to weakly acidic environments (pH = 4-7.5). Considering these aspects for practical applications, algae from some phyla can effectively be used for heavy metal biosorption in contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Lin
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaning Luan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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37
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Sun Y, Wang C, Xu X, Ruan H. Responses of plants to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) induced phytotoxicity: A hierarchical meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124865. [PMID: 31541897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biologists have extensively investigated the toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on plants in ecosystems, where experiments revealed that PBDEs can promote, inhibit, or have no significant effects on the physiological and biochemical functionality of plants. These studies have stimulated many theoretical works that aimed to elucidate the differences in the toxicity of PBDEs on various plants. However, there has been no quantitative attempt to reconcile theory with the results of empirical experiments. To close this gap between theory and experiments, we conducted a hierarchical meta-analysis to examine the toxicity of PBDEs on plants and confirmed potential sources of variation across numerous studies. Through the analysis of 1299 observations garnered from 41 studies, we revealed the significant toxicity of PBDEs on plants. This result was verified to be robust and showed no signs of bias. Our study affirmed that functional indexes can contribute to variations that lead to the toxicity of PBDEs on various plants. Furthermore, we found that lower congeners PBDEs were more toxic to plants than higher congeners PBDEs, and higher plants were more resistant to PBDEs induced phytotoxicity than lower plants. For interactive effects, only specific PBDEs concentrations had significant effects on glutathione S-transferase activities, and experimental durations had no significant impacts on any functional indexes. These results reconciled empirical studies and assisted us with elucidating the ecotoxicology of PBDEs induced phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Cuiting Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Xuan Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China.
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Tooker JF, O'Neal ME, Rodriguez-Saona C. Balancing Disturbance and Conservation in Agroecosystems to Improve Biological Control. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 65:81-100. [PMID: 31923378 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances associated with agricultural intensification reduce our ability to achieve sustainable crop production. These disturbances stem from crop-management tactics and can leave crop fields more vulnerable to insect outbreaks, in part because natural-enemy communities often tend to be more susceptible to disturbance than herbivorous pests. Recent research has explored practices that conserve natural-enemy communities and reduce pest outbreaks, revealing that different components of agroecosystems can influence natural-enemy populations. In this review, we consider a range of disturbances that influence pest control provided by natural enemies and how conservation practices can mitigate or counteract disturbance. We use four case studies to illustrate how conservation and disturbance mitigation increase the potential for biological control and provide co-benefits for the broader agroecosystem. To facilitate the adoption of conservation practices that improve top-down control across significant areas of the landscape, these practices will need to provide multifunctional benefits, but should be implemented with natural enemies explicitly in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Tooker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
| | - Matthew E O'Neal
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;
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39
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Liu L, Zhu K, Wurzburger N, Zhang J. Relationships between plant diversity and soil microbial diversity vary across taxonomic groups and spatial scales. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz California 95064 USA
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco‐Restoration School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092 China
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40
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The Contrasting Responses of Mycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium Associated with Woody Plants to Multiple Environmental Factors. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research Highlights: Extraradical mycorrhizal fungal mycelium (MFM) plays critical roles in nutrient absorption and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. However, it is often ignored or treated as a root uptake apparatus in existing biogeochemical models. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis to reveal how MFM responds to various, coinciding environmental factors and their interactions. Results: Nitrogen (N) addition and N-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) combination significantly decreased MFM. However, elevated CO2, organic matter addition, P addition, and CO2-N combination significantly increased MFM. In contrast, warming, K addition, N-P combination, and P-K combination did not affect MFM. Mycorrhizal fungal levels (individual vs. community), mycorrhizal type (ectomycorrhizal fungi vs. arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), treatment time (<1 year vs. >1 year), and mycelium estimation/sampling method (biomarker vs. non-biomarker; ingrowth mesh bag vs. soil core) significantly affected the responses of MFM to elevated CO2 and N addition. The effect sizes of N addition significantly increased with mean annual precipitation, but decreased with soil pH and host tree age. The effect sizes of P addition significantly increased with N concentration in host plant leaves. Conclusions: The differential responses revealed emphasize the importance of incorporating MFM in existing biogeochemical models to precisely assess and predict the impacts of global changes on forest ecosystem functions.
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41
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Moreno ML, Bernaschini ML, Pérez-Harguindeguy N, Lomba A, Valladares G. Chaco forest fragmentation effects on leaf litter decomposition are not explained by changes in litter fauna. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Moreno
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba); Av. Vélez Sarsfield Córdoba 1611-(X5016GCA) Argentina
- Universidad Siglo 21; Córdoba Argentina
| | - María Laura Bernaschini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba); Av. Vélez Sarsfield Córdoba 1611-(X5016GCA) Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; FCEFN; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Natalia Pérez-Harguindeguy
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba); Av. Vélez Sarsfield Córdoba 1611-(X5016GCA) Argentina
| | - Angela Lomba
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO); Vairão Portugal
- Alterra; Wageningen University and Research Centre; AAWageningen The Netherlands
| | - Graciela Valladares
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba); Av. Vélez Sarsfield Córdoba 1611-(X5016GCA) Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba; FCEFN; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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42
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Miles LS, Breitbart ST, Wagner HH, Johnson MTJ. Urbanization Shapes the Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Arthropod Herbivore Interactions. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Njovu HK, Peters MK, Schellenberger Costa D, Brandl R, Kleyer M, Steffan-Dewenter I. Leaf traits mediate changes in invertebrate herbivory along broad environmental gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1777-1788. [PMID: 31294458 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temperature, primary productivity, plant functional traits, and herbivore abundances are considered key predictors of leaf herbivory but their direct and indirect contributions to community-level herbivory are not well understood along broad climatic gradients. Here, we determined elevational herbivory patterns and used a path analytical approach to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of climate, land use, net primary productivity (NPP), herbivore abundance, and plant functional traits on community-level invertebrate herbivory along the extensive elevational and land use gradients at Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We recorded standing leaf herbivory caused by leaf chewers, leaf miners and leaf gallers on 55 study sites distributed in natural and anthropogenic habitats along a 3,060 m elevation gradient. We related the total community-level herbivory to climate (temperature and precipitation), NPP, plant functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf carbon-to-nitrogen [CN] ratio and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus [NP] ratio) and herbivore abundances. Leaf herbivory ranged from 5% to 11% along the elevation gradient. Total leaf herbivory showed unimodal pattern in natural habitats but a strongly contrasting bimodal pattern in anthropogenic habitats. We also detected some variation in the patterns of leaf herbivory along environmental gradients across feeding guilds with leaf chewers being responsible for a disproportionally large part of herbivory. Path analyses indicated that the variation in leaf herbivory was mainly driven by changes in leaf CN and NP ratios which were closely linked to changes in NPP in natural habitats. Similarly, patterns of leaf herbivory in anthropogenic habitats were best explained by variation in leaf CN ratios and a negative effect of land use. Our study elucidates the strong role of leaf nutrient stoichiometry and its linkages to climate and NPP for explaining the variation in leaf herbivory along broad climatic gradients. Furthermore, the study suggests that climatic changes and nutrient inputs in the course of land use change may alter leaf herbivory and consequently energy and nutrient fluxes in terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry K Njovu
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,College of African Wildlife Management, Mweka, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Marcell K Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Animal Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kleyer
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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44
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Guyot V, Jactel H, Imbaud B, Burnel L, Castagneyrol B, Heinz W, Deconchat M, Vialatte A. Tree diversity drives associational resistance to herbivory at both forest edge and interior. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9040-9051. [PMID: 31463002 PMCID: PMC6706233 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree diversity is increasingly acknowledged as an important driver of insect herbivory. However, there is still a debate about the direction of associational effects that can range from associational resistance (i.e., less damage in mixed stands than in monocultures) to the opposite, associational susceptibility. Discrepancies among published studies may be due to the overlooked effect of spatially dependent processes such as tree location within forests. We addressed this issue by measuring crown defoliation and leaf damage made by different guilds of insect herbivores on oaks growing among conspecific versus heterospecific neighbors at forest edges versus interior, in two closed sites in SW France forests. Overall, oaks were significantly less defoliated among heterospecific neighbors (i.e., associational resistance), at both forest edge and interior. At the leaf level, guild diversity and leaf miner herbivory significantly increased with tree diversity regardless of oak location within stands. Other guilds showed no clear response to tree diversity or oak location. We showed that herbivore response to tree diversity varied among insect feeding guilds but not between forest edges and interior, with inconsistent patterns between sites. Importantly, we show that oaks were more defoliated in pure oak plots than in mixed plots at both edge and forest interior and that, on average, defoliation decreased with increasing tree diversity from one to seven species. We conclude that edge conditions could be interacting with tree diversity to regulate insect defoliation, but future investigations are needed to integrate them into the management of temperate forests, notably by better understanding the role of the landscape context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Guyot
- DYNAFOR, INRA, Université de ToulouseCastanet TolosanFrance
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. BordeauxCestasFrance
- LTSER Zone Atelier «PYRÉNÉES GARONNE»Auzeville‐TolosaneFrance
| | | | | | - Laurent Burnel
- DYNAFOR, INRA, Université de ToulouseCastanet TolosanFrance
- LTSER Zone Atelier «PYRÉNÉES GARONNE»Auzeville‐TolosaneFrance
| | | | - Wilfried Heinz
- DYNAFOR, INRA, Université de ToulouseCastanet TolosanFrance
- LTSER Zone Atelier «PYRÉNÉES GARONNE»Auzeville‐TolosaneFrance
| | - Marc Deconchat
- DYNAFOR, INRA, Université de ToulouseCastanet TolosanFrance
- LTSER Zone Atelier «PYRÉNÉES GARONNE»Auzeville‐TolosaneFrance
| | - Aude Vialatte
- DYNAFOR, INRA, Université de ToulouseCastanet TolosanFrance
- LTSER Zone Atelier «PYRÉNÉES GARONNE»Auzeville‐TolosaneFrance
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45
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Wölfling M, Uhl B, Fiedler K. Multi-decadal surveys in a Mediterranean forest reserve – do succession and isolation drive moth species richness? NATURE CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.35.32934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolated fragments of semi-natural habitats are often embedded in a landscape matrix that is hostile to organisms of conservation concern. Such habitat islands are prone to changes in their biota over time. For insects, few studies on long-term trends in species richness within conservation areas are available, mainly due to the lack of historical data. We here use moths in the coastal pine wood reserve Pineta san Vitale (Ravenna, NE Italy) to assess how local fauna has changed over the last 85 years. This reserve has experienced massive changes in vegetation structure due to secondary succession. We compared historical collections (1933–1976: 107 species; and 1977–1996: 157 species) with our own samples (1997–2002: 174 species; and 2011+2012: 187 species). Over the last 85 years, the proportion of habitat generalists in relation to all recorded moth species increased from 20 to 33%. The fractions of woodland and open habitat species concomitantly decreased by 10 percentage points, respectively. Amongst woodland and habitat generalist species, gains outnumbered losses. In contrast, 18 species of open habitats and 10 reed species were lost over the decades. We attribute these changes to vegetation succession and to the isolation of the reserve. Generalist species are presumably better able to pass through anthropogenically exploited landscapes and colonise isolated habitat fragments than habitat specialists.
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46
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Aguilar R, Cristóbal‐Pérez EJ, Balvino‐Olvera FJ, Aguilar‐Aguilar M, Aguirre‐Acosta N, Ashworth L, Lobo JA, Martén‐Rodríguez S, Fuchs EJ, Sanchez‐Montoya G, Bernardello G, Quesada M. Habitat fragmentation reduces plant progeny quality: a global synthesis. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1163-1173. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Aguilar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Edson Jacob Cristóbal‐Pérez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Francisco Javier Balvino‐Olvera
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - María Aguilar‐Aguilar
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Natalia Aguirre‐Acosta
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Lorena Ashworth
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Jorge A. Lobo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Silvana Martén‐Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Eric J. Fuchs
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro2600 Costa Rica
| | - Gumersindo Sanchez‐Montoya
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
| | - Gabriel Bernardello
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal Universidad Nacional de Córdoba –CONICET C.C. 495(X5000JJC)Córdoba Argentina
| | - Mauricio Quesada
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Morelia Michoacán 58190 México
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47
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Rossetti MR, Rösch V, Videla M, Tscharntke T, Batáry P. Insect and plant traits drive local and landscape effects on herbivory in grassland fragments. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Rossetti
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 X5016GCA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Verena Rösch
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
- Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau/Pfalz Germany
| | - Martín Videla
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV) Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 X5016GCA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology Department of Crop Sciences Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany
- MTA ÖK Lendület Landscape and Conservation Ecology Research Group Alkotmány u. 2‐4 2163 Vácrátót Hungary
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48
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Stockdale EA, Griffiths BS, Hargreaves PR, Bhogal A, Crotty FV, Watson CA. Conceptual framework underpinning management of soil health—supporting site‐specific delivery of sustainable agro‐ecosystems. Food Energy Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Bhogal
- ADAS Gleadthorpe Meden Vale, Mansfield Notts UK
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Krishnadas M, Bagchi R, Sridhara S, Comita LS. Weaker plant-enemy interactions decrease tree seedling diversity with edge-effects in a fragmented tropical forest. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4523. [PMID: 30375390 PMCID: PMC6207651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In fragmented forests, tree diversity declines near edges but the ecological processes underlying this loss of diversity remain poorly understood. Theory predicts that top-down regulation of seedling recruitment by insect herbivores and fungal pathogens contributes to maintaining tree diversity in forests, but it is unknown whether proximity to forest edges compromises these diversity-enhancing biotic interactions. Here we experimentally demonstrate that weakened activity of fungal pathogens and insect herbivores reduced seedling diversity, despite similar diversity of seed rain, during recruitment near forest edges in a human-modified tropical landscape. Only at sites farthest from forest edges (90-100 m) did the application of pesticides lower seedling diversity relative to control plots. Notably, lower seedling diversity corresponded with weaker density-dependent mortality attributable to insects and fungi during the seed-to-seedling transition. We provide mechanistic evidence that edge-effects can manifest as cryptic losses of crucial biotic interactions that maintain diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Krishnadas
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Robert Bagchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Sachin Sridhara
- National Center for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560096, India
| | - Liza S Comita
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
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50
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Stireman JO, Singer MS. Tritrophic niches of insect herbivores in an era of rapid environmental change. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:117-125. [PMID: 30551817 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A multi-trophic perspective improves understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of rapid environmental change on insect herbivores. Loss of specialized enemies due to human impacts is predicted to dramatically reduce the number of tritrophic niches of herbivores compared to a bitrophic niche perspective. Habitat fragmentation and climate change promote the loss of both specialist enemies and herbivores, favoring ecological generalism across trophic levels. Species invasion can fundamentally alter trophic interactions toward various outcomes and contributes to ecological homogenization. Adaptive evolution on ecological timescales is expected to dampen tritrophic instabilities and diversify niches, yet its ability to compensate for tritrophic niche losses in the short term is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Stireman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Michael S Singer
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
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