1
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Cortese A, Currò R, Ronco R, Blake J, Rossor AM, Bugiardini E, Laurà M, Warner T, Yousry T, Poh R, Polke J, Rebelo A, Dohrn MF, Saporta M, Houlden H, Zuchner S, Reilly MM. Mutations in alpha-B-crystallin cause autosomal dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with congenital cataracts. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16063. [PMID: 37772343 PMCID: PMC10872581 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mutations in the alpha-B-crystallin (CRYAB) gene have initially been associated with myofibrillar myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy and cataracts. For the first time, peripheral neuropathy is reported here as a novel phenotype associated with CRYAB. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed in two unrelated families with genetically unsolved axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2), assessing clinical, neurophysiological and radiological features. RESULTS The pathogenic CRYAB variant c.358A>G;p.Arg120Gly was segregated in all affected patients from two unrelated families. The disease presented as late onset CMT2 (onset over 40 years) with distal sensory and motor impairment and congenital cataracts. Muscle involvement was probably associated in cases showing mild axial and diaphragmatic weakness. In all cases, nerve conduction studies demonstrated the presence of an axonal sensorimotor neuropathy along with chronic neurogenic changes on needle examination. DISCUSSION In cases with late onset autosomal dominant CMT2 and congenital cataracts, it is recommended that CRYAB is considered for genetic testing. The identification of CRYAB mutations causing CMT2 further supports a continuous spectrum of expressivity, from myopathic to neuropathic and mixed forms, of a growing number of genes involved in protein degradation and chaperone-assisted autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortese
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Currò
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ronco
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Julian Blake
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Alex M Rossor
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matilde Laurà
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tom Warner
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tarek Yousry
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roy Poh
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - James Polke
- Neurogenetics Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Adriana Rebelo
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maike F Dohrn
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mario Saporta
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscolar Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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2
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Tedesco B, Vendredy L, Adriaenssens E, Cozzi M, Asselbergh B, Crippa V, Cristofani R, Rusmini P, Ferrari V, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Mina F, Pramaggiore P, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Baets J, Baeke F, De Rycke R, Mouly V, Laurenzi T, Eberini I, Vihola A, Udd B, Weiss L, Kimonis V, Timmerman V, Poletti A. HSPB8 frameshift mutant aggregates weaken chaperone-assisted selective autophagy in neuromyopathies. Autophagy 2023:1-23. [PMID: 36854646 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2179780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) is a highly selective pathway for the disposal of misfolding and aggregating proteins. In muscle, CASA assures muscle integrity by favoring the turnover of structural components damaged by mechanical strain. In neurons, CASA promotes the removal of aggregating substrates. A crucial player of CASA is HSPB8 (heat shock protein family B (small) member 8), which acts in a complex with HSPA, their cochaperone BAG3, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1. Recently, four novel HSPB8 frameshift (fs) gene mutations have been linked to neuromyopathies, and encode carboxy-terminally mutated HSPB8, sharing a common C-terminal extension. Here, we analyzed the biochemical and functional alterations associated with the HSPB8_fs mutant proteins. We demonstrated that HSPB8_fs mutants are highly insoluble and tend to form proteinaceous aggregates in the cytoplasm. Notably, all HSPB8 frameshift mutants retain their ability to interact with CASA members but sequester them into the HSPB8-positive aggregates together with two autophagy receptors SQSTM1/p62 and TAX1BP1. This copartitioning process negatively affects the CASA capability to remove its clients and causes a general failure in proteostasis response. Further analyses revealed that the aggregation of the HSPB8_fs mutants occurs independently of the other CASA members or from the autophagy receptors interaction, but it is an intrinsic feature of the mutated amino acid sequence. HSPB8_fs mutants aggregation alters the differentiation capacity of muscle cells and impairs sarcomere organization. Collectively, these results shed light on a potential pathogenic mechanism shared by the HSPB8_fs mutants described in neuromuscular diseases.Abbreviations : ACD: α-crystallin domain; ACTN: actinin alpha; BAG3: BAG cochaperone 3; C: carboxy; CASA: chaperone-assisted selective autophagy; CE: carboxy-terminal extension; CLEM: correlative light and electron microscopy; CMT2L: Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2L; CTR: carboxy-terminal region; dHMNII: distal hereditary motor neuropathy type II; EV: empty vector; FRA: filter retardation assay; fs: frameshift; HSPA/HSP70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70); HSPB1/Hsp27: heat shock protein family B (small) member 1; HSPB8/Hsp22: heat shock protein family B (small) member 8; HTT: huntingtin; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MD: molecular dynamics; MTOC: microtubule organizing center; MYH: myosin heavy chain; MYOG: myogenin; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; NSC34: Neuroblastoma X Spinal Cord 34; OPTN: optineurin; polyQ: polyglutamine; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STUB1/CHIP: STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1; TARDBP/TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein; TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1; TUBA: tubulin alpha; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Leen Vendredy
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Neuromics Support Facility, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromics Support Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Pramaggiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, and Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Femke Baeke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, and VIB Center for Inflammation Research, and VIB Bioimaging Core, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, and VIB Center for Inflammation Research, and VIB Bioimaging Core, Ghent University Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Tommaso Laurenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Lan Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Lombardy, United States
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Lombardy, United States
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari "Rodolfo Paoletti", Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2027, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Savarese M, Jokela M, Udd B. Distal myopathy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:497-519. [PMID: 37562883 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are a group of genetic, primary muscle diseases. Patients develop progressive weakness and atrophy of the muscles of forearm, hands, lower leg, or feet. Currently, over 20 different forms, presenting a variable age of onset, clinical presentation, disease progression, muscle involvement, and histological findings, are known. Some of them are dominant and some recessive. Different variants in the same gene are often associated with either dominant or recessive forms, although there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations. This chapter provides a description of the clinicopathologic and genetic aspects of distal myopathies emphasizing known etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.
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4
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Alexander GM, Heiman-Patterson TD, Bearoff F, Sher RB, Hennessy L, Terek S, Caccavo N, Cox GA, Philip VM, Blankenhorn EA. Identification of quantitative trait loci for survival in the mutant dynactin p150Glued mouse model of motor neuron disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274615. [PMID: 36107978 PMCID: PMC9477371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common degenerative motor neuron disorder. Although most cases of ALS are sporadic, 5-10% of cases are familial, with mutations associated with over 40 genes. There is variation of ALS symptoms within families carrying the same mutation; the disease may develop in one sibling and not in another despite the presence of the mutation in both. Although the cause of this phenotypic variation is unknown, it is likely related to genetic modifiers of disease expression. The identification of ALS causing genes has led to the development of transgenic mouse models of motor neuron disease. Similar to families with familial ALS, there are background-dependent differences in disease phenotype in transgenic mouse models of ALS suggesting that, as in human ALS, differences in phenotype may be ascribed to genetic modifiers. These genetic modifiers may not cause ALS rather their expression either exacerbates or ameliorates the effect of the mutant ALS causing genes. We have reported that in both the G93A-hSOD1 and G59S-hDCTN1 mouse models, SJL mice demonstrated a more severe phenotype than C57BL6 mice. From reciprocal intercrosses between G93A-hSOD1 transgenic mice on SJL and C57BL6 strains, we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on mouse chromosome 17 that results in a significant shift in lifespan. In this study we generated reciprocal intercrosses between transgenic G59S-hDCTN1 mice on SJL and C57BL6 strains and identified survival QTLs on mouse chromosomes 17 and 18. The chromosome 17 survival QTL on G93A-hSOD1 and G59S-hDCTN1 mice partly overlap, suggesting that the genetic modifiers located in this region may be shared by these two ALS models despite the fact that motor neuron degeneration is caused by mutations in different proteins. The overlapping region contains eighty-seven genes with non-synonymous variations predicted to be deleterious and/or damaging. Two genes in this segment, NOTCH3 and Safb/SAFB1, have been associated with motor neuron disease. The identification of genetic modifiers of motor neuron disease, especially those modifiers that are shared by SOD1 and dynactin-1 transgenic mice, may result in the identification of novel targets for therapies that can alter the course of this devastating illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry D. Heiman-Patterson
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frank Bearoff
- Department of Microbiology Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Roger B. Sher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Hennessy
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shannon Terek
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicole Caccavo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine of Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Cox
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Vivek M. Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Blankenhorn
- Department of Microbiology Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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5
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Šušnjar U, Škrabar N, Brown AL, Abbassi Y, Phatnani H, Cortese A, Cereda C, Bugiardini E, Cardani R, Meola G, Ripolone M, Moggio M, Romano M, Secrier M, Fratta P, Buratti E. Cell environment shapes TDP-43 function with implications in neuronal and muscle disease. Commun Biol 2022; 5:314. [PMID: 35383280 PMCID: PMC8983780 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) aggregation and redistribution are recognised as a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. As TDP-43 inclusions have recently been described in the muscle of inclusion body myositis patients, this highlights the need to understand the role of TDP-43 beyond the central nervous system. Using RNA-seq, we directly compare TDP-43-mediated RNA processing in muscle (C2C12) and neuronal (NSC34) mouse cells. TDP-43 displays a cell-type-characteristic behaviour targeting unique transcripts in each cell-type, which is due to characteristic expression of RNA-binding proteins, that influence TDP-43's performance and define cell-type specific splicing. Among splicing events commonly dysregulated in both cell lines, we identify some that are TDP-43-dependent also in human cells. Inclusion levels of these alternative exons are altered in tissues of patients suffering from FTLD and IBM. We therefore propose that TDP-43 dysfunction contributes to disease development either in a common or a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urša Šušnjar
- Molecular Pathology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Neva Škrabar
- Tumour Virology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Generatio GmbH, Center for Animal, Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Leigh Brown
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yasmine Abbassi
- Molecular Pathology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, USA
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Bugiardini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- BioCor Biobank, UOC SMEL-1 of Clinical Pathology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ripolone
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Moggio
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology Lab, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
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6
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Tedesco B, Cristofani R, Ferrari V, Cozzi M, Rusmini P, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Mina F, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Crippa V, Poletti A. Insights on Human Small Heat Shock Proteins and Their Alterations in Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:842149. [PMID: 35281256 PMCID: PMC8913478 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.842149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of the human small Heat Shock Proteins (HSPBs) consists of ten members of chaperones (HSPB1-HSPB10), characterized by a low molecular weight and capable of dimerization and oligomerization forming large homo- or hetero-complexes. All HSPBs possess a highly conserved centrally located α-crystallin domain and poorly conserved N- and C-terminal domains. The main feature of HSPBs is to exert cytoprotective functions by preserving proteostasis, assuring the structural maintenance of the cytoskeleton and acting in response to cellular stresses and apoptosis. HSPBs take part in cell homeostasis by acting as holdases, which is the ability to interact with a substrate preventing its aggregation. In addition, HSPBs cooperate in substrates refolding driven by other chaperones or, alternatively, promote substrate routing to degradation. Notably, while some HSPBs are ubiquitously expressed, others show peculiar tissue-specific expression. Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and neurons show high expression levels for a wide variety of HSPBs. Indeed, most of the mutations identified in HSPBs are associated to cardiomyopathies, myopathies, and motor neuropathies. Instead, mutations in HSPB4 and HSPB5, which are also expressed in lens, have been associated with cataract. Mutations of HSPBs family members encompass base substitutions, insertions, and deletions, resulting in single amino acid substitutions or in the generation of truncated or elongated proteins. This review will provide an updated overview of disease-related mutations in HSPBs focusing on the structural and biochemical effects of mutations and their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - R. Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P. Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: A. Poletti,
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7
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Versluys L, Ervilha Pereira P, Schuermans N, De Paepe B, De Bleecker JL, Bogaert E, Dermaut B. Expanding the TDP-43 Proteinopathy Pathway From Neurons to Muscle: Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:815765. [PMID: 35185458 PMCID: PMC8851062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.815765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43, mostly referred to as TDP-43 (encoded by the TARDBP gene) is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). From the identification of TDP-43 positive aggregates in the brains and spinal cords of ALS/FTD patients, to a genetic link between TARBDP mutations and the development of TDP-43 pathology in ALS, there is strong evidence indicating that TDP-43 plays a pivotal role in the process of neuronal degeneration. What this role is, however, remains to be determined with evidence ranging from gain of toxic properties through the formation of cytotoxic aggregates, to an inability to perform its normal functions due to nuclear depletion. To add to an already complex subject, recent studies highlight a role for TDP-43 in muscle physiology and disease. We here review the biophysical, biochemical, cellular and tissue-specific properties of TDP-43 in the context of neurodegeneration and have a look at the nascent stream of evidence that positions TDP-43 in a myogenic context. By integrating the neurogenic and myogenic pathological roles of TDP-43 we provide a more comprehensive and encompassing view of the role and mechanisms associated with TDP-43 across the various cell types of the motor system, all the way from brain to limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Versluys
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pedro Ervilha Pereira
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nika Schuermans
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boel De Paepe
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan L. De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Bogaert
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Department Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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8
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Riva N, Gentile F, Cerri F, Gallia F, Podini P, Dina G, Falzone YM, Fazio R, Lunetta C, Calvo A, Logroscino G, Lauria G, Corbo M, Iannaccone S, Chiò A, Lazzerini A, Nobile-Orazio E, Filippi M, Quattrini A. Phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates in peripheral motor nerves of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2022; 145:276-284. [PMID: 35076694 PMCID: PMC8967102 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons and neuroglia in the brain are one of the pathological hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although the axons exceed the total volume of motor neuron soma by several orders of magnitude, systematic studies investigating the presence and distribution of pTDP-43 aggregates within motor nerves are still lacking. The aim of this study is to define the TDP-43/pTDP-43 pathology in diagnostic motor nerve biopsies performed on a large cohort of patients presenting with a lower motor neuron syndrome and to assess whether this might be a discriminating tissue biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. We retrospectively evaluated 102 lower motor neuron syndrome patients referred to our centre for a diagnostic motor nerve biopsy. Histopathological criteria of motor neuron disease and motor neuropathy were applied by two independent evaluators, who were blind to clinical data. TDP-43 and pTDP-43 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and results compared to final clinical diagnosis. We detected significant differences between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases in pTDP-43 expression in myelinated fibres: axonal accumulation was detected in 98.2% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus 30.4% of non-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis samples (P < 0.0001), while concomitant positive staining in Schwan cell cytoplasm was found in 70.2% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis versus 17.4% of patients who did not have amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (P < 0.001). Importantly, we were also able to detect pTDP-43 aggregates in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases displaying normal features at standard histopathological analysis. Our findings demonstrated that a specific pTDP-43 signature is present in the peripheral nervous system of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and could be exploited as a specific, accessible tissue biomarker. The detection of pTDP-43 aggregates within motor nerves of living patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, occurring before axonal degeneration, suggests that this is an early event that may contribute to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Riva
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cerri
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gallia
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Podini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Dina
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri Matteo Falzone
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Fazio
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Lauria
- 3rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Center, IRCCS Foundation ‘Carlo Besta’ Neurological Institute, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical and Sciences ‘Luigi Sacco’, University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, 20144, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Iannaccone
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Lazzerini
- Hand Surgery Department, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Eduardo Nobile-Orazio
- Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Service, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, Milan University, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit and Neurorehabilitation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
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9
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Pipis M, Cortese A, Polke JM, Poh R, Vandrovcova J, Laura M, Skorupinska M, Jacquier A, Juntas-Morales R, Latour P, Petiot P, Sole G, Fromes Y, Shah S, Blake J, Choi BO, Chung KW, Stojkovic T, Rossor AM, Reilly MM. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2CC due to NEFH variants causes a progressive, non-length-dependent, motor-predominant phenotype. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:48-56. [PMID: 34518334 PMCID: PMC8685631 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurofilaments are the major scaffolding proteins for the neuronal cytoskeleton, and variants in NEFH have recently been described to cause axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2CC (CMT2CC). METHODS In this large observational study, we present phenotype-genotype correlations on 30 affected and 3 asymptomatic mutation carriers from eight families. RESULTS The majority of patients presented in adulthood with motor-predominant and lower limb-predominant symptoms and the average age of onset was 31.0±15.1 years. A prominent feature was the development of proximal weakness early in the course of the disease. The disease progressed rapidly, unlike other Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) subtypes, and half of the patients (53%) needed to use a wheelchair on average 24.1 years after symptom onset. Furthermore, 40% of patients had evidence of early ankle plantarflexion weakness, a feature which is observed in only a handful of CMT subtypes. Neurophysiological studies and MRI of the lower limbs confirmed the presence of a non-length-dependent neuropathy in the majority of patients.All families harboured heterozygous frameshift variants in the last exon of NEFH, resulting in a reading frameshift to an alternate open reading frame and the translation of approximately 42 additional amino acids from the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). CONCLUSIONS This phenotype-genotype study highlights the unusual phenotype of CMT2CC, which is more akin to spinal muscular atrophy rather than classic CMT. Furthermore, the study will enable more informative discussions on the natural history of the disease and will aid in NEFH variant interpretation in the context of the disease's unique molecular genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menelaos Pipis
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - James M Polke
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roy Poh
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matilde Laura
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mariola Skorupinska
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Arnaud Jacquier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Universite de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- Clinique du Motoneurone et Pathologies Neuromusculaires, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Latour
- Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Petiot
- Neurologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques, Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU Bordeaux GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Fromes
- Institut de Myologie, Laboratoire RMN, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sachit Shah
- Neuroradiological Academic Unit, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Julian Blake
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norfolk, UK
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, South Korea
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm UMRS974, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France
| | - Alexander M Rossor
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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10
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Deschauer M, Hengel H, Rupprich K, Kreiß M, Schlotter-Weigel B, Grimmel M, Admard J, Schneider I, Alhaddad B, Gazou A, Sturm M, Vorgerd M, Balousha G, Balousha O, Falna M, Kirschke JS, Kornblum C, Jordan B, Kraya T, Strom TM, Weis J, Schöls L, Schara U, Zierz S, Riess O, Meitinger T, Haack TB. Bi-allelic truncating mutations in VWA1 cause neuromyopathy. Brain 2021; 144:574-583. [PMID: 33459760 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The von Willebrand Factor A domain containing 1 protein, encoded by VWA1, is an extracellular matrix protein expressed in muscle and peripheral nerve. It interacts with collagen VI and perlecan, two proteins that are affected in hereditary neuromuscular disorders. Lack of VWA1 is known to compromise peripheral nerves in a Vwa1 knock-out mouse model. Exome sequencing led us to identify bi-allelic loss of function variants in VWA1 as the molecular cause underlying a so far genetically undefined neuromuscular disorder. We detected six different truncating variants in 15 affected individuals from six families of German, Arabic, and Roma descent. Disease manifested in childhood or adulthood with proximal and distal muscle weakness predominantly of the lower limbs. Myopathological and neurophysiological findings were indicative of combined neurogenic and myopathic pathology. Early childhood foot deformity was frequent, but no sensory signs were observed. Our findings establish VWA1 as a new disease gene confidently implicated in this autosomal recessive neuromyopathic condition presenting with child-/adult-onset muscle weakness as a key clinical feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Rupprich
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Germany
| | - Martina Kreiß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mona Grimmel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilka Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gazou
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ghassan Balousha
- Department of Pathology and Histology, Al-Quds University, Eastern Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority
| | - Osama Balousha
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Eastern Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority
| | - Mohammed Falna
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Eastern Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority
| | - Jan S Kirschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Berit Jordan
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Kraya
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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11
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A novel deletion in the C-terminal region of HSPB8 in a family with rimmed vacuolar myopathy. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:965-972. [PMID: 33744911 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein family B member 8, encoded by HSPB8, is an essential component of the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy complex, which maintains muscle function by degrading damaged proteins in the cells. Mutations in HSPB8 have been reported to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2L, distal hereditary motor neuropathy IIa, and rimmed vacuolar myopathies (RVM). In this study, we identified a novel heterozygous frameshift variant c.525_529del in HSPB8 in a large Japanese family with RVM, using whole exome sequencing. Three affected individuals had severe respiratory failure, which has not been addressed by previous studies. Muscle atrophy in the paraspinal muscles was also a clinical feature of the individuals affected with RVM in this study. The frameshift mutation was located in the last coding exon, and the mutated protein was predicted to harbor an isoleucine-leucine-valine (ILV) sequence, which corresponds to the IXI/V (isoleucine, X amino acids, and isoleucine or valine) motif. The IXI/V motif is essential for assembly into larger oligomers in other small heat shock proteins and all frameshift mutants of HSPB8 were predicted to share the ILV sequence in the C-terminal extension. The in silico prediction tools showed low protein solubility and increased aggregation propensity for the region around the ILV sequence. The IXI/V motif might be associated with the pathogenesis of HSPB8-related RVM.
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12
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Williams ZJ, Velez-Irizarry D, Petersen JL, Ochala J, Finno CJ, Valberg SJ. Candidate gene expression and coding sequence variants in Warmblood horses with myofibrillar myopathy. Equine Vet J 2021; 53:306-315. [PMID: 32453872 PMCID: PMC7864122 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) of unknown aetiology has recently been identified in Warmblood (WB) horses. In humans, 16 genes have been implicated in various MFM-like disorders. OBJECTIVES To identify variants in 16 MFM candidate genes and compare allele frequencies of all variants between MFM WB and non-MFM WB and coding variants with moderate or severe predicted effects in MFM WB with publicly available data of other breeds. To compare differential gene expression and muscle fibre contractile force between MFM and non-MFM WB. STUDY DESIGN Case-control. ANIMALS 8 MFM WB, 8 non-MFM WB, 33 other WB, 32 Thoroughbreds, 80 Quarter Horses and 77 horses of other breeds in public databases. METHODS Variants were called within transcripts of 16 candidate genes using gluteal muscle mRNA sequences aligned to EquCab3.0 and allele frequencies compared by Fisher's exact test among MFM WB, non-MFM WB and public sequences across breeds. Candidate gene differential expression was determined between MFM and non-MFM WB by fitting a negative binomial generalised log-linear model per gene (false discovery rate <0.05). The maximal isometric force/cross-sectional area generated by isolated membrane-permeabilised muscle fibres was determined. RESULTS None of the 426 variants identified in 16 candidate genes were associated with MFM including 26 missense variants. Breed-specific differences existed in allele frequencies. Candidate gene differential expression and muscle fibre-specific force did not differ between MFM WB (143.1 ± 34.7 kPa) and non-MFM WB (140.2 ± 43.7 kPa) (P = .8). MAIN LIMITATIONS RNA-seq-only assays transcripts expressed in skeletal muscle. Other possible candidate genes were not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for association of variants with a disease is essential because coding sequence variants are common in the equine genome. Variants identified in MFM candidate genes, including two coding variants offered as commercial MFM equine genetic tests, did not associate with the WB MFM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë J. Williams
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Deborah Velez-Irizarry
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jessica L. Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Julien Ochala
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- University of California at Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Valberg
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Savarese M, Sarparanta J, Vihola A, Jonson PH, Johari M, Rusanen S, Hackman P, Udd B. Panorama of the distal myopathies. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2020; 39:245-265. [PMID: 33458580 PMCID: PMC7783427 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are genetic primary muscle disorders with a prominent weakness at onset in hands and/or feet. The age of onset (from early childhood to adulthood), the distribution of muscle weakness (upper versus lower limbs) and the histological findings (ranging from nonspecific myopathic changes to myofibrillar disarrays and rimmed vacuoles) are extremely variable. However, despite being characterized by a wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity, the distal myopathies are a category of muscular dystrophies: genetic diseases with progressive loss of muscle fibers. Myopathic congenital arthrogryposis is also a form of distal myopathy usually caused by focal amyoplasia. Massive parallel sequencing has further expanded the long list of genes associated with a distal myopathy, and contributed identifying as distal myopathy-causative rare variants in genes more often related with other skeletal or cardiac muscle diseases. Currently, almost 20 genes (ACTN2, CAV3, CRYAB, DNAJB6, DNM2, FLNC, HNRNPA1, HSPB8, KHLH9, LDB3, MATR3, MB, MYOT, PLIN4, TIA1, VCP, NOTCH2NLC, LRP12, GIPS1) have been associated with an autosomal dominant form of distal myopathy. Pathogenic changes in four genes (ADSSL, ANO5, DYSF, GNE) cause an autosomal recessive form; and disease-causing variants in five genes (DES, MYH7, NEB, RYR1 and TTN) result either in a dominant or in a recessive distal myopathy. Finally, a digenic mechanism, underlying a Welander-like form of distal myopathy, has been recently elucidated. Rare pathogenic mutations in SQSTM1, previously identified with a bone disease (Paget disease), unexpectedly cause a distal myopathy when combined with a common polymorphism in TIA1. The present review aims at describing the genetic basis of distal myopathy and at summarizing the clinical features of the different forms described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Rusanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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14
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Picchiarelli G, Dupuis L. Role of RNA Binding Proteins with prion-like domains in muscle and neuromuscular diseases. Cell Stress 2020; 4:76-91. [PMID: 32292882 PMCID: PMC7146060 DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.04.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of neuromuscular and muscular diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and several myopathies, are associated to mutations in related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including TDP-43, FUS, MATR3 or hnRNPA1/B2. These proteins harbor similar modular primary sequence with RNA binding motifs and low complexity domains, that enables them to phase separate and create liquid microdomains. These RBPs have been shown to critically regulate multiple events of RNA lifecycle, including transcriptional events, splicing and RNA trafficking and sequestration. Here, we review the roles of these disease-related RBPs in muscle and motor neurons, and how their dysfunction in these cell types might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Picchiarelli
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Neuromuscular Diseases Due to Chaperone Mutations: A Review and Some New Results. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041409. [PMID: 32093037 PMCID: PMC7073051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and the nervous system depend on efficient protein quality control, and they express chaperones and cochaperones at high levels to maintain protein homeostasis. Mutations in many of these proteins cause neuromuscular diseases, myopathies, and hereditary motor and sensorimotor neuropathies. In this review, we cover mutations in DNAJB6, DNAJB2, αB-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5), HSPB1, HSPB3, HSPB8, and BAG3, and discuss the molecular mechanisms by which they cause neuromuscular disease. In addition, previously unpublished results are presented, showing downstream effects of BAG3 p.P209L on DNAJB6 turnover and localization.
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Nicolau S, Liewluck T, Elliott JL, Engel AG, Milone M. A novel heterozygous mutation in the C-terminal region of HSPB8 leads to limb-girdle rimmed vacuolar myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:236-240. [PMID: 32165108 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in heat shock protein B8 were initially identified in inherited neuropathies and were more recently found to cause a predominantly distal myopathy with myofibrillar pathology and rimmed vacuoles. Rare patients also had proximal weakness. Only very few pathogenic variants have been identified in HSPB8. Disruption of the chaperone activity of heat shock protein B8 impairs chaperone-assisted selective autophagy and results in protein aggregation. We report a 23-year-old patient who presented with a 4-year history of predominantly proximal lower limb weakness due to a novel variant in HSPB8. The creatine kinase level was mildly elevated. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated a proximal-predominant myopathy without evidence of neuropathy, and muscle histopathology revealed rimmed vacuoles and myofibrillar protein aggregates. Whole exome sequencing identified a de novo frameshift variant in the C-terminal region of HSPB8 (c.577_580dupGTCA, p.Thr194Serfs*23). This case demonstrates that HSPB8-related disorders can present with early onset limb-girdle myopathy without associated neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nicolau
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Teerin Liewluck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Elliott
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Andrew G Engel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Margherita Milone
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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Mori F, Tada M, Kon T, Miki Y, Tanji K, Kurotaki H, Tomiyama M, Ishihara T, Onodera O, Kakita A, Wakabayashi K. Phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates in skeletal and cardiac muscle are a marker of myogenic degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and various conditions. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:165. [PMID: 31661037 PMCID: PMC6816170 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized pathologically by the occurrence of phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43)-immunoreactive neuronal and glial inclusions in the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that pTDP-43 aggregates also occur in the skeletal muscles in a certain proportion of ALS patients. AIM The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution and incidence of pTDP-43 aggregates in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of patients with ALS, and also those of patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) and non-NMDs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five regions of muscle (tongue, cervical muscle, diaphragm, iliopsoas muscle and heart) were examined histologically and immunohistochemically in patients with ALS (n = 30), NMDs (n = 13) and non-NMDs (n = 7). RESULTS Two types of pTDP-43 aggregates were distinguishable morphologically: dense filamentous and short linear inclusions. These inclusions were found in at least one of the five muscle regions in all 30 cases of ALS; skeletal muscles in 28 cases and myocardium in 12. pTDP-43 aggregates were also found in 9 of 13 patients with NMDs, including myositis, muscular dystrophy and mitochondrial myopathy, as well as in 3 of 7 patients with non-NMDs. In ALS, pTDP-43 aggregates were most frequent in the diaphragm (19 cases). The mean density of pTDP-43 aggregates in ALS was significantly higher than that in NMDs and non-NMDs. In contiguous sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and anti-pTDP-43, muscle fibers with dense filamentous inclusions demonstrated single-fiber atrophy with vacuolar degeneration. CONCLUSION The present findings indicate that pTDP-43 aggregates in skeletal and cardiac muscle are a myogenic pathological marker in multiple diseases including ALS.
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Al-Tahan S, Weiss L, Yu H, Tang S, Saporta M, Vihola A, Mozaffar T, Udd B, Kimonis V. New family with HSPB8-associated autosomal dominant rimmed vacuolar myopathy. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2019; 5:e349. [PMID: 31403083 PMCID: PMC6659134 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective We clinically and molecularly characterize a new family with autosomal dominant rimmed vacuolar myopathy (RVM) caused by mutations in the HSPB8 gene. Methods We performed whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in the family. Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to analyze 3 patient fibroblasts, and findings were compared with their age- and sex-matched controls. Results Affected patients have distal and proximal myopathy, with muscle biopsy showing rimmed vacuoles, muscle fiber atrophy, and endomysial fibrosis typical of RVM. Muscle MRI showed severe relatively symmetric multifocal fatty degenerative changes of the lower extremities. We identified a duplication of C at position 515 of the HSPB8 gene (c.515dupC) by whole-genome sequencing, which caused a frameshift with a predicted alternate stop codon p.P173SFS*43 in all affected individuals, resulting in an elongated protein product. Western blot and immunocytochemistry studies revealed reduced expression of heat shock protein beta 8 in patient fibroblasts compared with control fibroblasts, in addition to disrupted autophagy pathology. Conclusions We report a novel family with autosomal dominant RVM caused by the c.515dupC mutation of the HSPB8 gene, causing a translational frameshift that results in an elongated protein. Understanding the mechanism for the RVM pathology caused by mutated chaperone will permit novel targeted strategies to alter the natural history progression. As next-generation sequencing becomes more available, additional myopathic families will be identified with HSPB8 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejad Al-Tahan
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Lan Weiss
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Howard Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Sha Tang
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Mario Saporta
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Anna Vihola
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine (S.A.-T., L.W., H.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine; Opti West (S.A.-T.), West Anaheim Medical Center, Anaheim; Ambry Genetics (S.T.), Mission Viejo, CA; Miller School of Medicine (M.S.), University of Miami, FL; Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and the Department of Medical Genetics (A.V., B.U.), Medicum, University of Helsinki; Neuromuscular Research Center (A.V., B.U.), Tampere University and University Hospital, Neurology, Finland; Neuromuscular Program (T.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California-Irvine, Orange; and Neurology Department (B.U.), Vasa Central Hospital, Finland
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Gentile F, Scarlino S, Falzone YM, Lunetta C, Tremolizzo L, Quattrini A, Riva N. The Peripheral Nervous System in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Opportunities for Translational Research. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:601. [PMID: 31293369 PMCID: PMC6603245 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been considered as a disorder of the motor neuron (MN) cell body, recent evidences show the non-cell-autonomous pathogenic nature of the disease. Axonal degeneration, loss of peripheral axons and destruction of nerve terminals are early events in the disease pathogenic cascade, anticipating MN degeneration, and the onset of clinical symptoms. Therefore, although ALS and peripheral axonal neuropathies should be differentiated in clinical practice, they also share damage to common molecular pathways, including axonal transport, RNA metabolism and proteostasis. Thus, an extensive evaluation of the molecular events occurring in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) could be fundamental to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS, favoring the discovery of potential disease biomarkers, and new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gentile
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Scarlino
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuri Matteo Falzone
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Tremolizzo
- Neurology Unit, ALS Clinic, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology - San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Milone M, Liewluck T. The unfolding spectrum of inherited distal myopathies. Muscle Nerve 2018; 59:283-294. [PMID: 30171629 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Distal myopathies are a group of rare muscle diseases characterized by distal weakness at onset. Although acquired myopathies can occasionally present with distal weakness, the majority of distal myopathies have a genetic etiology. Their age of onset varies from early-childhood to late-adulthood while the predominant muscle weakness can affect calf, ankle dorsiflexor, or distal upper limb muscles. A spectrum of muscle pathological changes, varying from nonspecific myopathic changes to rimmed vacuoles to myofibrillar pathology to nuclei centralization, have been noted. Likewise, the underlying molecular defect is heterogeneous. In addition, there is emerging evidence that distal myopathies can result from defective proteins encoded by genes causative of neurogenic disorders, be manifestation of multisystem proteinopathies or the result of the altered interplay between different genes. In this review, we provide an overview on the clinical, electrophysiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of distal myopathies, focusing on the most recent developments in the field. Muscle Nerve 59:283-294, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teerin Liewluck
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Garcia-Santibanez R, Burford M, Bucelli RC. Hereditary Motor Neuropathies and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Molecular and Clinical Update. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0901-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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