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Koziarz A, Koziarz F, Shen R, Gopee-Ramanan P, Black SE, Worsley D, Chan IYM, Streiner DL, Zukotynski KA. Diagnostic Accuracy of SPECT for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Nucl Med 2024:00003072-990000000-01188. [PMID: 38914012 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of brain perfusion SPECT for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42023484636). Five databases were searched for studies evaluating brain perfusion SPECT in adult patients with mTBI (GCS 13-15). Study quality was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool. A meta-analysis was performed to pool proportions of hypoperfusion abnormalities across brain lobes. RESULTS Of 4735 records, 22 studies (5 longitudinal [40% high quality], 17 cross-sectional [24% high quality]) were included totaling 800 patients (mean age, 37.4 ± 12.6 years; 36.4% female). Meta-analysis of proportions indicated that the frontal lobe most frequently showed hypoperfusion on brain perfusion SPECT (pooled proportion 40.1% [95% confidence interval, 31.2% to 49.8%], 99/254, I2 = 54.5%), followed by the temporal lobe (26.1% [95% confidence interval, 19.9% to 33.6%], 68/254, I2 = 30.7%). Several studies found that hypoperfusion abnormalities were associated with neuropsychological findings. Also, brain perfusion SPECT could detect abnormalities not seen on MRI. Abnormalities in perfusion on brain perfusion SPECT may be more readily detected with a quantitative assessment compared with a visual assessment alone, although there appears to be no consensus on the optimal method for image interpretation. Evidence evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of brain perfusion SPECT for mTBI was limited. Using the GRADE framework, the evidence was rated as low. CONCLUSIONS Although perfusion abnormalities can be seen in patients with mTBI, commonly in the frontal and temporal lobes, the findings are nonspecific and may derive from various factors. Ultimately, brain perfusion SPECT provides additional information for mTBI, but the final added value for the detection of mTBI is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Koziarz
- From the Department of Medical Imaging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Koziarz
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Shen
- Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Daniel Worsley
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Y M Chan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Pybus AF, Bitarafan S, Brothers RO, Rohrer A, Khaitan A, Moctezuma FR, Udeshi K, Davies B, Triplett S, Griffin MN, Dammer EB, Rangaraju S, Buckley EM, Wood LB. Profiling the neuroimmune cascade in 3xTg-AD mice exposed to successive mild traumatic brain injuries. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:156. [PMID: 38872143 PMCID: PMC11177462 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBI) sustained within a window of vulnerability can result in long term cognitive deficits, depression, and eventual neurodegeneration associated with tau pathology, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, gliosis, and neuronal and functional loss. However, a comprehensive study relating acute changes in immune signaling and glial reactivity to neuronal changes and pathological markers after single and repetitive mTBIs is currently lacking. In the current study, we addressed the question of how repeated injuries affect the brain neuroimmune response in the acute phase of injury (< 24 h) by exposing the 3xTg-AD mouse model of tau and Aβ pathology to successive (1x-5x) once-daily weight drop closed-head injuries and quantifying immune markers, pathological markers, and transcriptional profiles at 30 min, 4 h, and 24 h after each injury. We used young adult 2-4 month old 3xTg-AD mice to model the effects of rmTBI in the absence of significant tau and Aβ pathology. We identified pronounced sexual dimorphism in this model, with females eliciting more diverse changes after injury compared to males. Specifically, females showed: (1) a single injury caused a decrease in neuron-enriched genes inversely correlated with inflammatory protein expression and an increase in AD-related genes within 24 h, (2) each injury significantly increased a group of cortical cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, KC) and MAPK phospho-proteins (phospho-Atf2, phospho-Mek1), several of which co-labeled with neurons and correlated with phospho-tau, and (3) repetitive injury caused increased expression of genes associated with astrocyte reactivity and macrophage-associated immune function. Collectively our data suggest that neurons respond to a single injury within 24 h, while other cell types, including astrocytes, transition to inflammatory phenotypes within days of repetitive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa F Pybus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara Bitarafan
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rowan O Brothers
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alivia Rohrer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arushi Khaitan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felix Rivera Moctezuma
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kareena Udeshi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brae Davies
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sydney Triplett
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin N Griffin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erin M Buckley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Levi B Wood
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Mokbel AY, Burns MP, Main BS. The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:135. [PMID: 38802931 PMCID: PMC11131220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly, yet our mechanistic understanding of what renders the post-traumatic brain vulnerable to poor outcomes, and susceptible to neurological disease, is incomplete. It is well established that dysregulated and sustained immune responses elicit negative consequences after TBI; however, our understanding of the neuroimmune interface that facilitates crosstalk between central and peripheral immune reservoirs is in its infancy. The meninges serve as the interface between the brain and the immune system, facilitating important bi-directional roles in both healthy and disease settings. It has been previously shown that disruption of this system exacerbates neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; however, we have an incomplete understanding of how the meningeal compartment influences immune responses after TBI. In this manuscript, we will offer a detailed overview of the holistic nature of neuroinflammatory responses in TBI, including hallmark features observed across clinical and animal models. We will highlight the structure and function of the meningeal lymphatic system, including its role in immuno-surveillance and immune responses within the meninges and the brain. We will provide a comprehensive update on our current knowledge of meningeal-derived responses across the spectrum of TBI, and identify new avenues for neuroimmune modulation within the neurotrauma field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Y Mokbel
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Mark P Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bevan S Main
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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4
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Sun M, Baker TL, Wilson CT, Brady RD, Yamakawa GR, Wright DK, Mychasiuk R, Vo A, Wilson T, Allen J, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor-A antibody, bevacizumab, has sex-specific effects in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:542-555. [PMID: 37933736 PMCID: PMC10981407 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231212377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) involves damage to the cerebrovascular system. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is an important modulator of vascular health and VEGF-A promotes the brain's ability to recover after more severe forms of brain injury; however, the role of VEGF-A in mTBI remains poorly understood. Bevacizumab (BEV) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGF-A and neutralises its actions. To better understand the role of VEGF-A in mTBI recovery, this study examined how BEV treatment affected outcomes in rats given a mTBI. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to sham-injury + vehicle treatment (VEH), sham-injury + BEV treatment, mTBI + VEH treatment, mTBI + BEV treatment groups. Treatment was administered intracerebroventricularly via a cannula beginning at the time of injury and continuing until the end of the study. Rats underwent behavioral testing after injury and were euthanized on day 11. In both females and males, BEV had a negative impact on cognitive function. mTBI and BEV treatment increased the expression of inflammatory markers in females. In males, BEV treatment altered markers related to hypoxia and vascular health. These novel findings of sex-specific responses to BEV and mTBI provide important insights into the role of VEGF-A in mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara L Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell T Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Vo
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Trevor Wilson
- Monash Health Translation Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Josh Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
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5
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Qin N, Miao Y, Xie L, Ma X, Xie P. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Autophagy and miRNAs regulate microglial activation. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15964. [PMID: 38439741 PMCID: PMC10912956 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) describes diffuse or multifocal cerebral dysfunction caused by the systemic inflammatory response to sepsis. SAE is a common neurological complication in patients in the middle and late stages of sepsis in the intensive care unit. Microglia, resident macrophages of the central nervous system, phagocytose small numbers of neuronal cells and apoptotic cells, among other cells, to maintain the dynamic balance of the brain's internal environment. The neuroinflammatory response induced by activated microglia plays a central role in the pathogenesis of various central nervous system diseases. In this paper, we systematically describe the functions and phenotypes of microglia, summarize how microglia mediate neuroinflammation and contribute to the occurrence and development of SAE, and discuss recent progress in autophagy- and microRNA-mediated regulation of microglial activation to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of SAE and identify related therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yanmei Miao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Leiyu Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xinglong Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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6
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Wang YC, Kung WM, Chung YH, Kumar S. Drugs to Treat Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1818-1829. [PMID: 37013428 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230403125140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with disorders of the nervous system, and it is induced in response to many factors, including pathogen infection, brain injury, toxic substances, and autoimmune diseases. Astrocytes and microglia have critical roles in neuroinflammation. Microglia are innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which are activated in reaction to neuroinflammation-inducing factors. Astrocytes can have pro- or anti-inflammatory responses, which depend on the type of stimuli presented by the inflamed milieu. Microglia respond and propagate peripheral inflammatory signals within the CNS that cause low-grade inflammation in the brain. The resulting alteration in neuronal activities leads to physiological and behavioral impairment. Consequently, activation, synthesis, and discharge of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors occur. These events lead to many neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis discussed in this study. After understanding neuroinflammation mechanisms and the involvement of neurotransmitters, this study covers various drugs used to treat and manage these neurodegenerative illnesses. The study can be helpful in discovering new drug molecules for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Woon-Man Kung
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- School of Law (Patent), Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St, Nottingham, NG14FQ, England
- Pomato IP (Ignite Your Idea), Nottingham, England
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7
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Machado CA, Oliveira BDS, Dias TL, Barros JLVMD, Ferreira GMF, Cordeiro TM, Feracin V, Alexandre CH, Abreu LKS, Silva WND, Carvalho BC, Fernandes HDB, Vieira ÉLM, Castro PR, Ferreira RN, Kangussu LM, Franco GR, Guatimosim C, Barcelos LDS, Simões E Silva AC, Toscano ECDB, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL, Miranda ASD. Weight-drop model as a valuable tool to study potential neurobiological processes underlying behavioral and cognitive changes secondary to mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578242. [PMID: 37951202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) behavioral and cognitive changes is not fully understood, especially in its mild presentation. We designed a weight drop TBI model in mice to investigate the role of neuroinflammation in behavioral and cognitive sequelae following mild TBI. C57BL/6 mice displayed depressive-like behavior at 72 h after mild TBI compared with controls, as indicated by a decrease in the latency to first immobility and climbing time in the forced swim test. Additionally, anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal-associated spatial learning and memory impairment were found in the elevated plus maze and in the Barnes maze, respectively. Levels of a set of inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors were analyzed at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 30 days after injury in ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Principal components analysis revealed two principal components (PC), which represented 59.1% of data variability. PC1 (cytokines and chemokines) expression varied between both hemispheres, while PC2 (neurotrophic factors) expression varied only across the investigated brain areas. Our model reproduces mild TBI-associated clinical signs and pathological features and might be a valuable tool to broaden the knowledge regarding mild TBI pathophysiology as well as to test potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Amaral Machado
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Lüscher Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Macedo Cordeiro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Feracin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristian Henrique Alexandre
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Katharina Sabino Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walison Nunes da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Brener Cunha Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Heliana de Barros Fernandes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gloria Regina Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucíola da Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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8
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Blum N, Mirian C, Maier AD, Mathiesen TI, Vilhardt F, Haslund-Vinding JL. Translocator protein (TSPO) expression in neoplastic cells and tumor-associated macrophages in meningiomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:1020-1032. [PMID: 37952221 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and show extensive infiltration of macrophages. The mitochondrial membrane protein translocator protein (TSPO) has been used as an in vivo marker of microglia and macrophage activation to visualize neuroinflammation. However, it is unknown which cell types express TSPO in meningiomas. Immunohistochemistry of 38 WHO grade 1-3 meningiomas was subjected to segmentation and deep learning classification of TSPO expression to either Iba1-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or all other (mainly neoplastic) cells. A possible association between clinical data and TSPO expression intensities was also investigated. TAMs accounted for 15.9%-26% of all cells in the meningioma tissue. Mean fluorescence intensity of TSPO was significantly higher in TAMs (p < 0.0001), but the mass of neoplastic cells in the tumors exceeded that of TAMs. Thus, the summed fluorescence intensity of TSPO in meningioma cells was 64.1% higher than in TAMs (p = 0.0003). We observed no correlation between TSPO expression intensity and WHO grade. These results indicate that both macrophage-lineage and neoplastic cells in meningiomas express TSPO and that the SPECT-TSPO signal in meningiomas mainly reflects the latter; TSPO is expressed equally in parenchymal activated and resting macrophage/microglia lineage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Blum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrea Daniela Maier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Neumann KD, Broshek DK, Newman BT, Druzgal TJ, Kundu BK, Resch JE. Concussion: Beyond the Cascade. Cells 2023; 12:2128. [PMID: 37681861 PMCID: PMC10487087 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sport concussion affects millions of athletes each year at all levels of sport. Increasing evidence demonstrates clinical and physiological recovery are becoming more divergent definitions, as evidenced by several studies examining blood-based biomarkers of inflammation and imaging studies of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have shown elevated microglial activation in the CNS in active and retired American football players, as well as in active collegiate athletes who were diagnosed with a concussion and returned to sport. These data are supportive of discordance in clinical symptomology and the inflammatory response in the CNS upon symptom resolution. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of the inflammatory response associated with sport concussion and broader mild traumatic brain injury, as well as provide an outlook for important research questions to better align clinical and physiological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D. Neumann
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Donna K. Broshek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
| | - Benjamin T. Newman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - T. Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Bijoy K. Kundu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; (B.T.N.); (T.J.D.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Jacob E. Resch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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10
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Pybus AF, Bitarafan S, Brothers RO, Rohrer A, Khaitan A, Moctezuma FR, Udeshi K, Davies B, Triplett S, Dammer E, Rangaraju S, Buckley EM, Wood LB. Profiling the neuroimmune cascade in 3xTg mice exposed to successive mild traumatic brain injuries. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.13.544838. [PMID: 37397993 PMCID: PMC10312742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.13.544838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (rmTBI) sustained within a window of vulnerability can result in long term cognitive deficits, depression, and eventual neurodegeneration associated with tau pathology, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, gliosis, and neuronal and functional loss. However, we have limited understanding of how successive injuries acutely affect the brain to result in these devastating long-term consequences. In the current study, we addressed the question of how repeated injuries affect the brain in the acute phase of injury (<24hr) by exposing the 3xTg-AD mouse model of tau and Aβ pathology to successive (1x, 3x, 5x) once-daily weight drop closed-head injuries and quantifying immune markers, pathological markers, and transcriptional profiles at 30min, 4hr, and 24hr after each injury. We used young adult mice (2-4 months old) to model the effects of rmTBI relevant to young adult athletes, and in the absence of significant tau and Aβ pathology. Importantly, we identified pronounced sexual dimorphism, with females eliciting more differentially expressed proteins after injury compared to males. Specifically, females showed: 1) a single injury caused a decrease in neuron-enriched genes inversely correlated with inflammatory protein expression as well as an increase in AD-related genes within 24hr, 2) each injury significantly increased expression of a group of cortical cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-9, IL-13, IL-17, KC) and MAPK phospho-proteins (phospho-Atf2, phospho-Mek1), several of which were co-labeled with neurons and correlated with phospho-tau, and 3) repetitive injury caused increased expression of genes associated with astrocyte reactivity and immune function. Collectively our data suggest that neurons respond to a single injury within 24h, while other cell types including astrocytes transition to inflammatory phenotypes within days of repetitive injury.
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11
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Neumann KD, Seshadri V, Thompson XD, Broshek DK, Druzgal J, Massey JC, Newman B, Reyes J, Simpson SR, McCauley KS, Patrie J, Stone JR, Kundu BK, Resch JE. Microglial activation persists beyond clinical recovery following sport concussion in collegiate athletes. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1127708. [PMID: 37034078 PMCID: PMC10080132 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1127708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In concussion, clinical and physiological recovery are increasingly recognized as diverging definitions. This study investigated whether central microglial activation persisted in participants with concussion after receiving an unrestricted return-to-play (uRTP) designation using [18F]DPA-714 PET, an in vivo marker of microglia activation. Methods Eight (5 M, 3 F) current athletes with concussion (Group 1) and 10 (5 M, 5 F) healthy collegiate students (Group 2) were enrolled. Group 1 completed a pre-injury (Visit1) screen, follow-up Visit2 within 24 h of a concussion diagnosis, and Visit3 at the time of uRTP. Healthy participants only completed assessments at Visit2 and Visit3. At Visit2, all participants completed a multidimensional battery of tests followed by a blood draw to determine genotype and study inclusion. At Visit3, participants completed a clinical battery of tests, brain MRI, and brain PET; no imaging tests were performed outside of Visit3. Results For Group 1, significant differences were observed between Visits 1 and 2 (p < 0.05) in ImPACT, SCAT5 and SOT performance, but not between Visit1 and Visit3 for standard clinical measures (all p > 0.05), reflecting clinical recovery. Despite achieving clinical recovery, PET imaging at Visit3 revealed consistently higher [18F]DPA-714 tracer distribution volume (VT) of Group 1 compared to Group 2 in 10 brain regions (p < 0.001) analyzed from 164 regions of the whole brain, most notably within the limbic system, dorsal striatum, and medial temporal lobe. No notable differences were observed between clinical measures and VT between Group 1 and Group 2 at Visit3. Discussion Our study is the first to demonstrate persisting microglial activation in active collegiate athletes who were diagnosed with a sport concussion and cleared for uRTP based on a clinical recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiel D Neumann
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Vikram Seshadri
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Xavier D Thompson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Donna K Broshek
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jason Druzgal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James C Massey
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Newman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jose Reyes
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Spenser R Simpson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Katelyenn S McCauley
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Bijoy K Kundu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jacob E Resch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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12
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The Effect of Combined Treatment of Psilocybin and Eugenol on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Brain Inflammation in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062624. [PMID: 36985596 PMCID: PMC10056123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an organism’s biological defense mechanism. Acute and chronic inflammation of the body triggers the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that can affect the content of cytokines in the brain and thus cause brain inflammation. Disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often associated with elevated inflammation. Recently, positive and promising clinical results of psilocybin for the treatment of depression and PTSD were reported. Thus, we decided to test whether psilocybin alone or in combination with eugenol, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, would prevent the increase in or decrease the content of cytokines in the brain of C57BL/6J mice injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Two experiments were performed, one with pre-treatment of mice through gavage with psilocybin (0.88 mg/kg), eugenol (17.6 mg/kg), or combinations of psilocybin and eugenol (1:10, 1:20, or 1:50), followed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and the second, post-treatment, with initial injection with LPS, followed by treatment with psilocybin, eugenol, or their combination. Brain tissues were collected, and cytokines were analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test or with multiple unpaired t-tests. LPS upregulated mRNA expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. All pre-treatments decreased the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α, with psilocybin alone and in 1:50 combination, with eugenol being the most effective. In the post-treatment, all combinations of psilocybin and eugenol were effective in reducing inflammation, with the 1:50 ratio displaying the most prominent results in reducing the mRNA content of tested cytokines. Western blot analysis confirmed the effect on COX-2 and IL-1β proteins. Finally, the ELISA showed that post-treatment with psilocybin + eugenol (1:50) demonstrated the best results, decreasing the expression of multiple markers including IL-6 and IL-8. This demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of psilocybin and eugenol in the brain of animals with systemically induced inflammation.
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13
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Moro F, Lisi I, Tolomeo D, Vegliante G, Pascente R, Mazzone E, Hussain R, Micotti E, Dallmeier J, Pischiutta F, Bianchi E, Chiesa R, Wang KK, Zanier ER. Acute Blood Levels of Neurofilament Light Indicate One-Year White Matter Pathology and Functional Impairment in Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injured Mice. J Neurotrauma 2023. [PMID: 36576018 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) mostly causes transient symptoms, but repeated (r)mTBI can lead to neurodegenerative processes. Diagnostic tools to evaluate the presence of ongoing occult neuropathology are lacking. In a mouse model of rmTBI, we investigated MRI and plasma biomarkers of brain damage before chronic functional impairment arose. Anesthetized adult male and female C57BL/6J mice were subjected to rmTBI or a sham procedure. Sensorimotor deficits were evaluated up to 12 months post-injury in SNAP and Neuroscore tests. Cognitive function was assessed in the novel object recognition test at six and 12 months. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at six and 12 months to examine white matter and structural damage. Plasma levels of neurofilament light (NfL) were assessed longitudinally up to 12 months. Brain histopathology was performed at 12 months. Independent groups of mice were used to examine the effects of 2-, 7- and 14-days inter-injury intervals on acute plasma NfL levels and on hyperactivity. Twelve months after an acute transient impairment, sensorimotor functions declined again in rmTBI mice (p < 0.001 vs sham), but not earlier. Similarly, rmTBI mice showed memory impairment at 12 (p < 0.01 vs sham) but not at 6 months. White matter damage examined by DTI was evident in rmTBI mice at both six and 12 months (p < 0.001 vs sham). This was associated with callosal atrophy (p < 0.001 vs sham) evaluated by structural MRI. Plasma NfL at one week was elevated in rmTBI (p < 0.001 vs sham), and its level correlated with callosal atrophy at 12 months (Pearson r = 0.72, p < 0.01). Histopathology showed thinning of the corpus callosum and marked astrogliosis in rmTBI mice. The NfL levels were higher in mice subjected to short (2 days) compared with longer (7 and 14 days) inter-injury intervals (p < 0.05), and this correlated with hyperactivity in mice (Pearson r = 0.50; p < 0.05). These findings show that rmTBI causes white matter pathology detectable by MRI before chronic functional impairment. Early quantification of plasma NfL correlates with the degree of white matter atrophy one year after rmTBI and can serve to monitor the brain's susceptibility to a second mTBI, supporting its potential clinical application to guide the return to practice in sport-related TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Moro
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lisi
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Tolomeo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Vegliante
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pascente
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mazzone
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Micotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Julian Dallmeier
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Francesca Pischiutta
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elisa R Zanier
- Department of Acute Brain Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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14
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Bouras M, Asehnoune K, Roquilly A. Immune modulation after traumatic brain injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:995044. [PMID: 36530909 PMCID: PMC9751027 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.995044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces instant activation of innate immunity in brain tissue, followed by a systematization of the inflammatory response. The subsequent response, evolved to limit an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response and to induce healing, involves the autonomic nervous system, hormonal systems, and the regulation of immune cells. This physiological response induces an immunosuppression and tolerance state that promotes to the occurrence of secondary infections. This review describes the immunological consequences of TBI and highlights potential novel therapeutic approaches using immune modulation to restore homeostasis between the nervous system and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Bouras
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Asehnoune
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, INSERM, Nantes Université, Anesthesie Reanimation, CIC 1413, Nantes, France
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15
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Lee DH, Lee JY, Hong DY, Lee EC, Park SW, Lee YK, Oh JS. Pharmacological Treatment for Neuroinflammation in Stress-Related Disorder. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102518. [PMID: 36289780 PMCID: PMC9599149 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an organism’s response to a biological or psychological stressor, a method of responding to threats. The autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) regulate adaptation to acute stress and secrete hormones and excitatory amino acids. This process can induce excessive inflammatory reactions to the central nervous system (CNS) by HPA axis, glutamate, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) etc., under persistent stress conditions, resulting in neuroinflammation. Therefore, in order to treat stress-related neuroinflammation, the improvement effects of several mechanisms of receptor antagonist and pharmacological anti-inflammation treatment were studied. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor etc., effectively improved neuroinflammation. The interesting fact is that not only can direct anti-inflammation treatment improve neuroinflammation, but so can stress reduction or pharmacological antidepressants. The antidepressant treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), also helped improve stress-related neuroinflammation. It presents the direction of future development of stress-related neuroinflammation drugs. Therefore, in this review, the mechanism of stress-related neuroinflammation and pharmacological treatment candidates for it were reviewed. In addition, treatment candidates that have not yet been verified but indicate possibilities were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Eun-Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-K.L.); (J.-S.O.)
| | - Jae-Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-K.L.); (J.-S.O.)
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16
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Ozenne B, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Ebert SE. Controlling the familywise error rate when performing multiple comparisons in a linear latent variable model. Comput Stat 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00180-022-01214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn latent variable models (LVMs) it is possible to analyze multiple outcomes and to relate them to several explanatory variables. In this context many parameters are estimated and it is common to perform multiple tests, e.g. to investigate outcome-specific effects using Wald tests or to check the correct specification of the modeled mean and variance using a forward stepwise selection (FSS) procedure based on Score tests. Controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER) at its nominal level involves adjustment of the p-values for multiple testing. Because of the correlation between test statistics, the Bonferroni procedure is often too conservative. In this article, we extend the max-test procedure to the LVM framework for Wald and Score tests. Depending on the correlation between the test statistics, the max-test procedure is equivalent or more powerful than the Bonferroni procedure while also providing, asymptotically, a strong control of the FWER for non-iterative procedures. Using simulation studies, we assess the finite sample behavior of the max-test procedure for Wald and Score tests in LVMs. We apply our procedure to quantify the neuroinflammatory response to mild traumatic brain injury in nine brain regions.
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17
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Shao F, Wang X, Wu H, Wu Q, Zhang J. Microglia and Neuroinflammation: Crucial Pathological Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:825086. [PMID: 35401152 PMCID: PMC8990307 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.825086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) with high mortality and morbidity. Patients with TBI usually suffer many sequelae in the life time post injury, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the pathological mechanisms connecting these two processes have not yet been fully elucidated. It is important to further investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying TBI and TBI-induced neurodegeneration, which will promote the development of precise treatment target for these notorious neurodegenerative consequences after TBI. A growing body of evidence shows that neuroinflammation is a pivotal pathological process underlying chronic neurodegeneration following TBI. Microglia, as the immune cells in the CNS, play crucial roles in neuroinflammation and many other CNS diseases. Of interest, microglial activation and functional alteration has been proposed as key mediators in the evolution of chronic neurodegenerative pathology following TBI. Here, we review the updated studies involving phenotypical and functional alterations of microglia in neurodegeneration after injury, survey key molecules regulating the activities and functional responses of microglia in TBI pathology, and explore their potential implications to chronic neurodegeneration after injury. The work will give us a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms driving TBI-related neurodegeneration and offer novel ideas of developing corresponding prevention and treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Shao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Wu,
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jianmin Zhang,
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18
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Bakhtogarimov IR, Kudryavtseva AV, Krasnov GS, Gladysh NS, Volodin VV, Kudryavtsev AA, Bulavkina EV, Goncharova MA, Ledyaeva VS, Pastukhov IS, Vershinina YS, Starkova AM, Snezhkina AV, Shuvalova AI, Pavlov VS, Nikiforov-Nikishin DL, Moskalev AA, Guvatova ZG. The Effect of Meclofenoxate on the Transcriptome of Aging Brain of Nothobranchius guentheri Annual Killifish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052491. [PMID: 35269638 PMCID: PMC8910246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual fish of the genus Nothobranchius are promising models for aging research. Nothobranchius reproduces typical aspects of vertebrate aging, including hallmarks of brain aging. Meclofenoxate (MF) is a well-known compound that can enhance cognitive performance. The drug is prescribed for asthenic conditions, trauma, and vascular diseases of the brain. It is believed that MF is able to delay age-dependent changes in the human brain. However, until now, there has been no study of the MF effect on the brain transcriptome. In the present work, we performed an RNA-Seq study of brain tissues from aged Nothobranchius guentheri, which were almost lifetime administered with MF, as well as young and aged control fish. As expected, in response to MF, we revealed significant overexpression of neuron-specific genes including genes involved in synaptic activity and plasticity, neurotransmitter secretion, and neuron projection. The effect was more pronounced in female fish. In this aspect, MF alleviated age-dependent decreased expression of genes involved in neuronal activity. In both treated and untreated animals, we observed strong aging-associated overexpression of immune and inflammatory response genes. MF treatment did not prevent this effect, and moreover, some of these genes tended to be slightly upregulated under MF treatment. Additionally, we noticed upregulation of some genes associated with aging and cellular senescence, including isoforms of putative vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), protein O-GlcNAcase (OGA), protein kinase C alpha type (KPCA), prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). Noteworthy, MF treatment was also associated with the elevated transcription of transposons, which are highly abundant in the N. guentheri genome. In conclusion, MF compensates for the age-dependent downregulation of neuronal activity genes, but its effect on aging brain transcriptome still cannot be considered unambiguously positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildar R. Bakhtogarimov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.B.); (G.S.K.); (N.S.G.); (V.V.V.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.B.); (G.S.K.); (N.S.G.); (V.V.V.); (A.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (Z.G.G.); Tel.: +7-(499)-135-23-91 (A.V.K. & Z.G.G.)
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.B.); (G.S.K.); (N.S.G.); (V.V.V.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Natalya S. Gladysh
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.B.); (G.S.K.); (N.S.G.); (V.V.V.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Volodin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.B.); (G.S.K.); (N.S.G.); (V.V.V.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Kudryavtsev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Elizaveta V. Bulavkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Margarita A. Goncharova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Veronika S. Ledyaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Ivan S. Pastukhov
- Institute of Biotechnology and Fisheries, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.P.); (D.L.N.-N.)
| | - Yulia S. Vershinina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Anna M. Starkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Anastasiya V. Snezhkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Anastasija I. Shuvalova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Vladislav S. Pavlov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (E.V.B.); (M.A.G.); (V.S.L.); (Y.S.V.); (A.M.S.); (A.V.S.); (A.I.S.); (V.S.P.)
| | - Dmitry L. Nikiforov-Nikishin
- Institute of Biotechnology and Fisheries, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.P.); (D.L.N.-N.)
| | - Alexey A. Moskalev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.B.); (G.S.K.); (N.S.G.); (V.V.V.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Zulfiya G. Guvatova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.R.B.); (G.S.K.); (N.S.G.); (V.V.V.); (A.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (Z.G.G.); Tel.: +7-(499)-135-23-91 (A.V.K. & Z.G.G.)
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19
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Huang CX, Li YH, Lu W, Huang SH, Li MJ, Xiao LZ, Liu J. Positron emission tomography imaging for the assessment of mild traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy: recent advances in radiotracers. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:74-81. [PMID: 34100430 PMCID: PMC8451552 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic phase following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can present as chronic traumatic encephalopathy in some cases, which requires a neuropathological examination to make a definitive diagnosis. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging modality that has high sensitivity for detecting even very small molecular changes, and can be used to quantitatively measure a range of molecular biological processes in the brain using different radioactive tracers. Functional changes have also been reported in patients with different forms of traumatic brain injury, especially mild traumatic brain injury and subsequent chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Thus, PET provides a novel approach for the further evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury at molecular levels. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in PET imaging with different radiotracers, including radioligands for PET imaging of glucose metabolism, tau, amyloid-beta, γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, and neuroinflammation, in the identification of altered neurological function. These novel radiolabeled ligands are likely to have widespread clinical application, and may be helpful for the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury. Moreover, PET functional imaging with different ligands can be used in the future to perform large-scale and sequential studies exploring the time-dependent changes that occur in mild traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Xin Huang
- Department of Radiology; Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yan-Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Si-Hong Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng-Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li-Zhi Xiao
- PET-CT Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Protective effect of methanol leaf extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius against lipopolysaccharides-induced cortico-hippocampal neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and memory impairment. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Ji J, Xiang H, Lu X, Tan P, Yang R, Ye T, Chen Z, Chen D, He H, Chen J, Ma Y, Huang C. A prophylactic effect of macrophage-colony stimulating factor on chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108621. [PMID: 34062163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune activation has been shown to reduce the severity of nervous system disorders such as brain ischemia and traumatic brain damage. Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), a drug that is used to treat hematological system disease, is an enhancer of the innate immune response. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of M-CSF preconditioning on chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Results showed that a single M-CSF injection 1 day before stress exposure at the dose of 100 and 500 μg/kg, or a single M-CSF injection (100 μg/kg) 1 or 5 days but not 10 days before stress exposure prevented CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Further analysis showed that a second M-CSF injection 10 days after the first M-CSF injection and a 2 × or 4 × M-CSF injections 10 days before stress exposure also prevented CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors. Molecular studies revealed that a single M-CSF injection prior to stress exposure skewed the neuroinflammatory responses in the brain in CSDS-exposed mice towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. These behavioral and molecular actions of M-CSF were correlated with innate immune stimulation, as pre-inhibiting the innate immune activation by minocycline pretreatment (40 mg/kg) abrogated the preventive effect of M-CSF on CSDS-induced depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses. These results provide evidence to show that innate immune activation by M-CSF pretreatment may prevent chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors via preventing the development of neuroinflammatory response in the brain, which may help to develop novel strategies for the prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, #118 Wansheng Street, Suzhou, 215028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingping Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, #20Xisi Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Neuroimmune reactivity marker expression in rodent models of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment: A systematic scoping review. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:392-409. [PMID: 33516919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) is a debilitating side effect arising from chemotherapy treatments. The condition is characterised by a range of cognitive deficits including impairment to memory, attention, and concentration. Whilst the underlying mechanisms that contribute to CICI remain unclear, neuroinflammation has been suggested as one key contributor. METHOD A comprehensive systematic search of EMBASE and Medline via PubMed was conducted to identify studies on neuroimmune reactivity marker expression changes and resulting cognitive changes in preclinical rodent models of CICI. RESULTS A total of twenty studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the scoping review. There was significant heterogeneity in the methodology employed in the included studies. Our findings demonstrate that widespread changes in cytokines, chemokines, microglia reactivity, and astrocyte reactivity are observed in CICI in the brain regions expected to be affected, given the nature of the cognitive impairment observed in CICI. CONCLUSIONS Although there was considerable heterogeneity in study design that made comparisons between studies difficult, our findings suggest that neuroinflammation commonly occurs in CICI preclinical rodent models and shows an association with cognitive impairment.
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Verboon LN, Patel HC, Greenhalgh AD. The Immune System's Role in the Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Concussion). Front Immunol 2021; 12:620698. [PMID: 33679762 PMCID: PMC7928307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI), often referred to as concussion, is the most common form of TBI and affects millions of people each year. A history of mild TBI increases the risk of developing emotional and neurocognitive disorders later in life that can impact on day to day living. These include anxiety and depression, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Actions of brain resident or peripherally recruited immune cells are proposed to be key regulators across these diseases and mood disorders. Here, we will assess the impact of mild TBI on brain and patient health, and evaluate the recent evidence for immune cell involvement in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Verboon
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hiren C. Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Salford Royal National Health Service Foundation Trust, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Greenhalgh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance National Health Service Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Miller CP, Prener M, Dissing S, Paulson OB. Transcranial low-frequency pulsating electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) as post-concussion syndrome treatment. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 142:597-604. [PMID: 32559313 PMCID: PMC7689717 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Treatment options for the subgroup of people who develop long‐lasting symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury are limited. Transcranial pulsating low‐frequency electromagnetic stimulation (T‐PEMF) in other patient groups has shown promising results in several studies with proposed neuroprotective and anti‐inflammatory effects. Objective The present pilot study was conducted to access feasibility and tolerability of T‐PEMF in treating post‐concussion syndrome. Methods Seven patients with post‐concussion syndrome received 5 weeks of daily 30 minutes T‐PEMF treatment with evaluation after 2 and 5 weeks and 3 months after ending treatment. Results Compliance was high as all subject completed the full treatment. Two patients however experienced a worsening of their concussion symptoms during the course of treatment. The remaining patients had some discomfort in relation to treatment, mainly headache, but passing and less for each treatment. The majority (n = 5) had a reduction in symptoms overall, up to 61% (2%‐61%) based on the Rivermead Post‐Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. Conclusion Further studies on T‐PEMF as a treatment option for post‐concussion syndrome are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Prener Miller
- Neurobiology Research Unit Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Martin Prener
- Neurobiology Research Unit Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steen Dissing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Panum Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Olaf B. Paulson
- Neurobiology Research Unit Department of Neurology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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25
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Felipe L, Shelton JA. The clinical utility of the cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in university-level athletes with concussion. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2803-2809. [PMID: 33161456 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concussion is defined as a mild traumatic brain injury that can occur in all sport activities. Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are accepted to demonstrate the vestibulocollic reflex. MAIN: To evaluate subclinical cervical abnormalities in the vestibulospinal pathway in subjects with concussion history with and without related symptoms via evoked vestibular potential. METHODS Monaurally air conduction cVEMP (500 Hz tone bursts) at intensity of 100 dBnHL and 200 sweeps. All responses were replicated. RESULTS One hundred fifty-four participants were initially tested; however, three (03) participants did not produce usable data (no response) and were eliminated for the dataset cutoff values analysis, being considered just as abnormal response. One hundred fifty-one responses consisted of 45 non-athlete individuals without any history of a concussion or concussion symptoms (normative group), 45 athletes without any history of a concussion or concussion symptoms (control group), 33 athletes with a history of at least one concussion but no concussion symptoms related (history group), and 28 athletes with a history of at least one concussion and concussion symptoms (symptoms group). The history and symptoms groups had statistically higher latency scores than the control and the normative groups. The Index Ratio data and Threshold data did not produce a significant effect for four groups. But, a pattern of abnormal cVEMP was found when comparing those without a history of concussion (0% abnormal response) versus the history group (24%) and symptoms group (32.3%). CONCLUSION The study provides data which supports the positive impact of cVEMP when evaluating athletes and identifying concussion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Felipe
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, PO Box 10076, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA.
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26
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Eyolfson E, Khan A, Mychasiuk R, Lohman AW. Microglia dynamics in adolescent traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:326. [PMID: 33121516 PMCID: PMC7597018 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injuries (RmTBIs) are increasingly common in adolescents and encompass one of the largest neurological health concerns in the world. Adolescence is a critical period for brain development where RmTBIs can substantially impact neurodevelopmental trajectories and life-long neurological health. Our current understanding of RmTBI pathophysiology suggests key roles for neuroinflammation in negatively regulating neural health and function. Microglia, the brain’s resident immune population, play important roles in brain development by regulating neuronal number, and synapse formation and elimination. In response to injury, microglia activate to inflammatory phenotypes that may detract from these normal homeostatic, physiological, and developmental roles. To date, however, little is known regarding the impact of RmTBIs on microglia function during adolescent brain development. This review details key concepts surrounding RmTBI pathophysiology, adolescent brain development, and microglia dynamics in the developing brain and in response to injury, in an effort to formulate a hypothesis on how the intersection of these processes may modify long-term trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Eyolfson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Asher Khan
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, 6th Floor, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander W Lohman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada. .,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N4N1, Canada.
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Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Boukhris O, Bouaziz B, Müller P, Glenn JM, Chamari K, Müller N, Chtourou H, Driss T, Hökelmann A. Moderators of the Impact of (Poly)Phenols Interventions on Psychomotor Functions and BDNF: Insights from Subgroup Analysis and Meta-Regression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092872. [PMID: 32961777 PMCID: PMC7551086 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent anti-aging interventions have shown contradictory impacts of (poly)phenols regarding the prevention of cognitive decline and maintenance of brain function. These discrepancies have been linked to between-study differences in supplementation protocols. This subgroup analysis and meta-regression aimed to (i) examine differential effects of moderator variables related to participant characteristics and supplementation protocols and (ii) identify practical recommendations to design effective (poly)phenol supplementation protocols for future anti-aging interventions. METHODS Multiple electronic databases (Web of Science; PubMed) searched for relevant intervention published from inception to July 2019. Using the PICOS criteria, a total of 4303 records were screened. Only high-quality studies (n = 15) were included in the final analyses. Random-effects meta-analysis was used, and we calculated standard differences in means (SDM), effect size (ES), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for two sufficiently comparable items (i.e., psychomotor function and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)). When significant heterogeneity was computed (I2 > 50%), a subgroup and meta-regression analysis were performed to examine the moderation effects of participant characteristics and supplementation protocols. RESULTS The reviewed studies support the beneficial effect of (poly)phenols-rich supplementation on psychomotor functions (ES = -0.677, p = 0.001) and brain plasticity (ES = 1.168, p = 0.028). Subgroup analysis revealed higher beneficial impacts of (poly)phenols (i) in younger populations compared to older (SDM = -0.89 vs. -0.47 for psychomotor performance, and 2.41 vs. 0.07 for BDNF, respectively), (ii) following an acute compared to chronic supplementation (SDM = -1.02 vs. -0.43 for psychomotor performance), and (iii) using a phenolic compound with medium compared to low bioavailability rates (SDM = -0.76 vs. -0.68 for psychomotor performance and 3.57 vs. 0.07 for DBNF, respectively). Meta-regressions revealed greater improvement in BDNF levels with lower percentages of female participants (Q = 40.15, df = 6, p < 0.001) and a skewed scatter plot toward a greater impact using higher (poly)phenols doses. CONCLUSION This review suggests that age group, gender, the used phenolic compounds, their human bioavailability rate, and the supplementation dose as the primary moderator variables relating to the beneficial effects of (poly)phenol consumption on cognitive and brain function in humans. Therefore, it seems more advantageous to start anti-aging (poly)phenol interventions in adults earlier in life using medium (≈500 mg) to high doses (≈1000 mg) of phenolic compounds, with at least medium bioavailability rate (≥9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-57395
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (H.C.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Patrick Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.M.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Neurotrack Technologies, 399 Bradford St, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha PoBox 29222, Qatar;
- Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba 1004, Tunisia
| | - Notger Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (O.B.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-2APS), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Anita Hökelmann
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany;
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Li W, Chang C, Liang S, Bigler ED. Radiographic and neurobehavioral profile of sports-related concussion associated with scholastic wrestling: a case report. Neurocase 2020; 26:147-155. [PMID: 32412324 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2020.1764977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions (SRCs) are typically characterized by transient neurologic deficits due to physiologic and metabolic brain injury. However, following an SRC, subsequent insults may lead to severe and permanent injury in the affected brain cells. We present the case of a 15-year-old female scholastic wrestler who developed acute encephalopathy, macroscopic white matter injury on imaging, and chronic behavioral changes from inadequate neuro-recovery after a documented SRC. We also compare her case with established SRC data, demonstrating that wrestling-related concussions and repetitive head impacts can produce similar degrees of diffuse neuroinflammation, myelinated axonopathy, blood-brain barrier disruption, and post-concussive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis , Sacramento, USA
| | - Celia Chang
- Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of California Davis , Sacramento, USA
| | - Shannon Liang
- Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, University of California Davis , Sacramento, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis , Sacramento, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Research Facility, Brigham Young University , Provo, USA.,Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, USA
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Di Battista AP, Rhind SG, Richards D, Hutchison MG. An investigation of plasma interleukin-6 in sport-related concussion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232053. [PMID: 32343752 PMCID: PMC7188239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests inflammation is an important component of concussion pathophysiology. However, its etiology, restitution, and potential clinical repercussions remain unknown. The purpose of the current study was to compare the blood concentrations of interleukin (IL) -6, a prominent inflammatory cytokine, between healthy athletes and athletes with a sport-related concussion (SRC), while addressing the potential confounds of sex, recent physical activity, and the interacting effect of concussion history. METHOD A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on athletes at a single academic institute participating across 13 interuniversity sports. Follow-up of 96 athletes who agreed to provide a blood sample was completed: 41 athletes with a physician diagnosed SRC, and 55 healthy athletes. Ella™, the high sensitivity immunoassay system by ProteinSimple was used to measure peripheral plasma concentrations of IL-6 within the first week (median = 4 days, range = 2-7) following injury. A resampled ordinary least squares regression was used to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 concentrations and concussion status, while partial least squares regression was used to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and both symptom burden and time to clinical recovery. RESULTS Regression analysis identified a negative relationship between plasma IL-6 concentrations and the interaction between an acute SRC and a history of concussion (β = -0.29, p = 0.029). IL-6 did not differ between healthy athletes and those with an acute SRC independent of concussion history, and was not correlated with either recovery time or symptom burden in athletes with SRC. CONCLUSION Perturbations to circulating IL-6 concentrations, a key inflammatory cytokine, may be more pronounced following SRC in athletes who have a history of concussion. These results add to a growing body of evidence supporting the involvement of inflammation at all phases of recovery following SRC, and potentially support a concomitant effect of prior concussion on acute SRC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Di Battista
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doug Richards
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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O'Brien WT, Pham L, Symons GF, Monif M, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. The NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:104. [PMID: 32252777 PMCID: PMC7137518 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great clinical need to identify the underlying mechanisms, as well as related biomarkers, and treatment targets, for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation is a central pathophysiological feature of TBI. NLRP3 inflammasome activity is a necessary component of the innate immune response to tissue damage, and dysregulated inflammasome activity has been implicated in a number of neurological conditions. This paper introduces the NLRP3 inflammasome and its implication in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory-related conditions, with a particular focus on TBI. Although its role in TBI has only recently been identified, findings suggest that priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are upregulated following TBI. Moreover, recent studies utilizing specific NLRP3 inhibitors have provided further evidence that this inflammasome is a major driver of neuroinflammation and neurobehavioral disturbances following TBI. In addition, there is emerging evidence that circulating inflammasome-associated proteins may have utility as diagnostic biomarkers of neuroinflammatory conditions, including TBI. Finally, novel and promising areas of research will be highlighted, including the potential involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mild TBI, how factors such as biological sex may affect NLRP3 activity in TBI, and the use of emerging biomarker platforms. Taken together, this review highlights the exciting potential of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a target for treatments and biomarkers that may ultimately be used to improve TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Georgia F Symons
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Di Battista AP, Churchill N, Rhind SG, Richards D, Hutchison MG. The relationship between symptom burden and systemic inflammation differs between male and female athletes following concussion. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:11. [PMID: 32164571 PMCID: PMC7068899 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation appears to be an important component of concussion pathophysiology. However, its relationship to symptom burden is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers measured in the blood of male and female athletes following a sport-related concussion (SRC). RESULTS Forty athletes (n = 20 male, n = 20 female) from nine interuniversity sport teams at a single institution provided blood samples within one week of an SRC. Twenty inflammatory biomarkers were quantitated by immunoassay. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 5 (SCAT-5) was used to evaluate symptoms. Partial least squares (PLS) analyses were used to evaluate the relationship(s) between biomarkers and symptoms. In males, a positive correlation between interferon (IFN)-γ and symptom severity was observed following SRC. The relationship between IFN-γ and symptoms was significant among all symptom clusters, with cognitive symptoms displaying the largest effect. In females, a significant negative relationship was observed between symptom severity and cytokines IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and myeloperoxidase (MPO); a positive relationship was observed between symptom severity and MCP-4. Inflammatory mediators were significantly associated with all symptom clusters in females; the somatic symptom cluster displayed the largest effect. CONCLUSION These results provide supportive evidence of a divergent relationship between inflammation and symptom burden in male and female athletes following SRC. Future investigations should be cognizant of the potentially sex-specific pathophysiology underlying symptom presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Di Battista
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada.
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Nathan Churchill
- Neuroscience Program, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doug Richards
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2W6, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Health and Disease. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S82-92. [PMID: 31795607 PMCID: PMC6905205 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938214.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a central pathological feature of several acute and chronic brain diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). It induces microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the production of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. Exercise, which plays an important role in maintaining and improving brain health, might be a highly effective intervention for preventing neuroinflammation-related diseases. Thus, since exercise can improve the neuroimmune response, we hypothesized that exercise would attenuate neuroinflammation-related diseases. In this review, we will highlight (1) the biological mechanisms that underlie AD, PD, ALS, and MS, including the neuroinflammation pathways associated with microglia activation, NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species, and (2) the role of exercise in neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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