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Camacho LO, Jahangiri L, Iseringhausen J, Goldstein GR. Parkinson's disease - The dentist's role as part of the healthcare team. J Prosthodont 2024. [PMID: 38689457 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that results in patients exhibiting uncontrolled movements, changes in saliva production, and difficulty in swallowing and speech. Understanding the staging of the disease and the available therapies allows dentists to treat these patients safely and with compassion to meet their oral health care needs for an optimal quality of life. This appraisal discusses Parkinson's disease as it relates to clinically relevant facts to manage and treat the oral health care needs of these patients in the short and long term including general dental care recommendations. Important observations related to Parkinson's disease include disease causation,; stages, pharmacologic treatment, the effects on saliva, mastication, dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia. Dental recommendations are made for the dentate, the partially edentulous, and the completely edentulous Parkinson's patients with a focus on late-stage concerns. Optimizing dental health will help maintain the quality of life as the disease progresses. In late stages of Parkinson's disease, dental treatment should focus on keeping the patient comfortable and out of pain. While benign neglect is an often-used term, compassionate therapy in the late stages of Parkinson's disease is a more compelling term for defining the patient's needs. Since dysphagia in Parkinson's patients has been underdiagnosed, neurologists must be aware of the important part that dentists play in the early diagnosis for these patients. Early referral to a dentist is vital to mitigate the unfortunate consequence of the need for extensive dental care in late-stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Ortiz Camacho
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna Iseringhausen
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary R Goldstein
- Department of Prosthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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Lee YH, Won JH, Auh QS, Noh YK, Lee SW. Prediction of xerostomia in elderly based on clinical characteristics and salivary flow rate with machine learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3423. [PMID: 38341514 PMCID: PMC10858905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Xerostomia may be accompanied by changes in salivary flow rate and the incidence increases in elderly. We aimed to use machine learning algorithms, to identify significant predictors for the presence of xerostomia. This study is the first to predict xerostomia with salivary flow rate in elderly based on artificial intelligence. In a cross-sectional study, 829 patients with oral discomfort were enrolled, and six features (sex, age, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates (UFR and SFR, respectively), number of systemic diseases, and medication usage) were used in four machine learning algorithms to predict the presence of xerostomia. The incidence of xerostomia increased with age. The SFR was significantly higher than the UFR, and the UFR and SFR were significantly correlated. The UFR, but not SFR, decreased with age significantly. In patients more than 60 years of age, the UFR had a significantly higher predictive accuracy for xerostomia than the SFR. Using machine learning algorithms with tenfold cross-validation, the prediction accuracy increased significantly. In particular, the prediction accuracy of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm that combined UFR and SFR data was significantly better than either UFR or SFR individually. Moreover, when sex, age, number of systemic diseases, and number of medications were added to the MLP model, the prediction accuracy increased from 56 to 68%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Lee
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Jong Hyun Won
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 02455, Korea
| | - Q-Schick Auh
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, #613 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yung-Kyun Noh
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 02455, Korea
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study (KIAS), Seoul, 02455, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Lee
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, #101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
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Lee DS, Kim HE, Choi JS. Oral Health-Related Factors Associated with Dysphagia Risk among Older, Healthy, Community-Dwelling Korean Adults: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:267. [PMID: 38275546 PMCID: PMC10815140 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Most previous studies addressing dysphagia examined individuals who already had diseases causing dysphagia and did not pay much attention to oral health conditions as a risk factor. This pilot study investigated 62 healthy adults aged 65 years or older who were living independently in the community, performed basic activities of daily living independently, and had no history of a causative disease of dysphagia to identify the factors associated with dysphagia risk, especially oral health. The Dysphagia Risk Assessment Scale was used to screen the patients for dysphagia. Hyposalivation was diagnosed by evaluating the unstimulated salivary flow rate, and orofacial muscle strength (anterior tongue elevation, buccinator muscle, and lip strength) was quantitatively measured using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument. To analyze the factors associated with dysphagia risk, the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. In the final regression model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, the oral health-related factors independently associated with dysphagia risk were buccinator muscle strength, hyposalivation, and subjective masticatory discomfort (p < 0.05). Therefore, our findings suggest that weak buccinator muscle strength, hyposalivation, and subjective masticatory discomfort are valuable indicators for the early detection of dysphagia in older, healthy, independent, community-dwelling adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Som Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Seon Choi
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea;
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Ramírez L, Sánchez I, González-Serrano J, Muñoz M, Martínez-Acitores ML, Garrido E, Hernández G, López-Pintor RM. Factors influencing xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life in polymedicated patients. Gerodontology 2023. [PMID: 37944110 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether the severity of xerostomia in older polymedicated patients impacts oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). BACKGROUND Medication-associated xerostomia is common in older people. Xerostomia may impair OHRQoL. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included older hypertensive patients from two health centres. We assessed the severity of xerostomia and OHRQoL using the Xerostomia Inventory (XI) tool, and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) instrument, respectively. We measured unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) salivary flows. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses evaluated the associations of XI and OHIP-14 and different explanatory variables. RESULTS Of the 218 patients enrolled, 51.8% had xerostomia, and 38.1% and 27.5% suffered from UWS and SWS hyposalivation, respectively. Patients with xerostomia, UWS, and SWS hyposalivation scored significantly higher on the XI. However, only those with xerostomia or UWS hyposalivation had significantly higher OHIP-14 scores. A moderate correlation was observed between XI and OHIP-14 scores. The multiple regression model showed that factors with the greatest impact on XI were the patient's complaint of xerostomia, UWS flow rate, age and sex. However, only the XI score was significantly associated with the OHIP-14 score. CONCLUSION Xerostomia has a negative impact on OHRQoL in older polymedicated patients, but this impact is less than in other types of xerostomia. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether changes in the detected explanatory variables influence XI and OHIP scores in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ramírez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - José González-Serrano
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, School of Biomedical Science, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María López-Pintor
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, ORALMED Research Group, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Ottersen MK, Larheim TA, Hove LH, Arvidsson LZ. Imaging signs of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in an urban population of 65-year-olds: A cone beam computed tomography study. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1194-1201. [PMID: 37356072 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may vary and possible causes should be further explored, such as prevalence and characteristics of imaging features. OBJECTIVES Investigate prevalence, gender differences and characteristics of imaging signs of TMJ-OA by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a population-based sample of 65-year-old Oslo citizens. MATERIALS AND METHODS 159 (86 women, 73 men) individuals randomly recruited from a cohort of 460 Oslo citizens were examined with CBCT. The TMJs were categorised as with imaging signs of OA, no OA or indeterminate for OA. RESULTS CBCT signs of TMJ-OA were found in 35% of the 159 participants: 47% of the women and 22% of the men. CBCT signs of TMJ-OA were unilateral in two-thirds of the TMJs and characterised by articular surface flattening and condylar osteophytes. In almost all joints with bone erosive findings, bone productive findings were also found. Participants with and without CBCT signs of TMJ-OA showed no significant difference in TMD pain screener. Fourteen of the 159 participants (9%) had pain-related TMD and 12 (8%) had been in contact with health care services due to TMD. CONCLUSIONS CBCT signs of TMJ-OA was common in this study group of 65-year-old Oslo citizens, found in every second woman and every fifth man. Articular surface flattening and bone productive changes, in particular condylar osteophytes, were the most frequent imaging features. Despite the high frequency of CBCT signs of TMJ-OA, few of the participants had pain-related TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareth Kristensen Ottersen
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore A Larheim
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Z Arvidsson
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Diep MT, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Sødal ATT, Young A, Hove LH. Caries experience and risk indicators of having decayed teeth among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:726. [PMID: 37805466 PMCID: PMC10559471 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03432-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meeting the oral health needs of the increasing population of older adults presents a major challenge in dental care. Knowledge about the oral health status in the young-elderly age group is essential for the planning of future oral health education and prevention programs. The aims of the present study were therefore to investigate the caries experience among 65-year-olds in Oslo, Norway, and to explore associations between having decayed teeth and sociodemographic, behavioural, and biological factors. METHODS A random sample of 65‑year‑olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent clinical and radiographic examinations (n = 457, 52% men and 48% women) at the Research Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, between February and December 2019. Primary- and secondary coronal and root caries lesions, root remnants, and missing and restored teeth were recorded. Decayed teeth (DT) were defined as teeth with coronal- and root caries lesions that had progressed into dentine and root remnants, and the DMFT/S scores were calculated. RESULTS The mean number of teeth was 25 (SD: 4) and the mean DMFT was 19.4 (SD: 4.7). Thirty seven percent of the individuals had at least one decayed tooth (DT > 0), and the mean number of filled teeth (FT) was 16.1 (SD: 5.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male gender (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.8), basic level of education (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9), irregular dental attendance (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.0-4.8), and hyposalivation (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0-4.4) were significant risk indicators for having decayed teeth (DT > 0) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 65-year-olds in Oslo had a low average number of decayed and missing teeth, and a high number of restored teeth. Irregular dental attendance and hyposalivation were the strongest risk indicators for having decayed teeth. Based on the present results, it will be important to ensure access to regular dental care and to increase the emphasis on caries preventive measures for individuals with hyposalivation in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Oslo, N-0317, Norway.
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Oslo, N-0317, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Eastern Norway, Sørkedalsveien 10A, Oslo, 0369, Norway
| | - Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Oslo, N-0317, Norway
| | - Alix Young
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Oslo, N-0317, Norway
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Oslo, N-0317, Norway
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Sangalli L, Eldomiaty W, Miller CS. Xerogenic medications may contribute to decreased unstimulated salivary flow in patients with oral burning and/or gastro-esophageal reflux disease. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1047235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPatients who complain of mucosal burning sensations (i.e., glossodynia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, GERD) often take multiple medications. However, the relationship between xerogenic medication intake and salivary flow in these patients has not been thoroughly examined.MethodsA retrospective study of 192 consecutive patients diagnosed with glossodynia (ICD-10-CM) at a regional center over a six-year period was performed. Data from electronic health records were extracted and relationships between medication intake, unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR), xerostomia and GERD were determined by chi-square, t-test, and correlation analysis.ResultsOf 134 records that met inclusion criteria, 87.1% of patients reported daily intake of one or more xerogenic medications. Two or more xerogenic medications were taken significantly more often by patients with glossodynia reporting GERD than those with glossodynia without GERD (p = .02). UWSFR was negatively correlated with number of medications [r(103) = −.277, p = .005] and xerogenic medications [r(103) = −.195, p = .049]. The lowest UWSFR was observed with use of trazodone and cyclobenzaprine.ConclusionsDaily xerogenic medication intake, hyposalivation, and xerostomia were commonly present and potentially interrelated in patients who suffer from glossodynia and/or GERD.Practical implicationsClinicians should be aware of the consequences of prescribing multiple and certain xerogenic medications in reducing UWSFR, especially in patients physiologically at risk of hyposalivation such as those suffering from GERD and/or glossodynia.
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Purdie MJ, Carpenter MD, Noll JL, Stephens CL, Taylor YJ, Hammitt KM, Napenas JJ, Brennan MT. Patient satisfaction and impact of salivary flow rate on effectiveness of xerostomia products. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 135:236-241. [PMID: 36266177 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the types of products used to treat dry mouth and their perceived effectiveness, the relationship between salivary function and xerostomia symptoms, and whether salivary function predicts response to management strategies. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 87 patients with dry mouth and documented unstimulated whole salivary (UWS) and stimulated whole salivary (SWS) flow rates. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing dry mouth complaints and symptoms and effectiveness of specific dry mouth products. RESULTS Mean (SD) age was 61.7 (12.9) years including 78 (90%) females. 47 (54%) participants had Sjögren's disease. Oral dryness symptoms (0-10 scale) rated highest with a mean (SD) of 7.2 (2.17); other symptoms scored from 3.4 to 5.1. Lower levels of UWS and SWS were associated with worse dry mouth and difficulty speaking, while lower levels of SWS flow alone were associated with greater difficulty swallowing and a decline in taste. More than half of the participants (55%, n = 48) reported using ≥4 dry mouth products. Participants with normal SWS flow had significantly better responses to lozenges and prescription products. CONCLUSIONS Patients with dry mouth and normal stimulated flow rates (i.e., residual salivary capacity) respond better to stimulatory products (parasympathomimetic and lozenges). Salivary flow rate assessments may help with recommendations of dry mouth products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Purdie
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M D Carpenter
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - J L Noll
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C L Stephens
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Y J Taylor
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - J J Napenas
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Sødal ATT, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Diep MT, Koldsland OC, Hove LH. Periodontitis in a 65-year-old population: risk indicators and impact on oral health-related quality of life. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:640. [PMID: 36566179 PMCID: PMC9789555 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the present study were to investigate socioeconomic and behavioral risk indicators for severe periodontitis in a 65-year-old Norwegian population, and to investigate how periodontitis impacts oral health-related quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 65-year-old residents in Oslo, born in 1954, was randomly selected for this study. The participants answered a questionnaire regarding country of birth, education, diabetes, smoking habits, dental attendance pattern, and tooth-brushing habits. In addition, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14). Negative impact on OHRQoL was defined as responding "fairly often" or "very often" to at least one of the OHIP-14 items. The diagnosis of periodontitis was based on clinical and radiographic periodontal measurements and classified based on the consensus report from the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. RESULTS Of 796 eligible participants, 460 individuals agreed to participate in the present study (response rate 58%). Seven participants were excluded from the analyses due to < 2 remaining teeth (n = 3) or missing questionnaire (n = 4), resulting in a study sample of 453 individuals (233 men and 220 women). An association was found between non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2, lower education, smoking, non-regular dental visits, and severe periodontitis (stage III or IV, n = 163) in bivariate analyses (Chi-square test). However, in the multiple logistic regression model, only non-western country of birth, diabetes type 2 and smoking (former and current), were associated with higher odds of severe periodontitis. The overall mean OHIP-14 total score was 3.6 (SD: 6.1). Participants with stage III or IV periodontitis reported a significantly higher OHIP-14 total score (mean: 4.7, SD: 7.4), indicating a lower OHRQoL, compared to non-periodontitis participants (mean: 2.9, SD: 4.9). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, non-western birth country, diabetes type 2, and smoking were found as significant risk indicators for severe periodontitis. Overall, results indicate a good OHRQoL among 65-year-olds in Oslo, however, a tendency of reduced OHRQoL with increasing severity of periodontitis was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Carsten Koldsland
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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Klimiuk A, Zalewska A, Knapp M, Skutnik-Radziszewska A, Maciejczyk M. Could inflammation contribute to salivary gland dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005981. [PMID: 36300113 PMCID: PMC9589450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. HF results not only in cardiovascular dysfunction, but also numerous pathologies in the oral cavity and salivary glands. The present study is the first to evaluate whether salivary inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors may be related with the occurrence of hyposalivation in HF patients. We also evaluated the potential of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of HF. The study included 30 women with HF and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. We demonstrated significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, Th1, Th2, Th17, chemokines and growth factors in unstimulated saliva of HF patients compared to controls. However, the results do not indicate dominance of either branch of the immune response. The concentration of selected biomarkers is significantly higher in patients with HF and salivary gland dysfunction compared to patients with normal saliva secretion and healthy subjects (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-7, IL-13, INF-γ, IL-12, IL-15, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17, MCP-1/CCL-2, EOTAXIN/CCL11, RANTES/CCL5, GM-CSF, VEGF, FGF basic, PDFG-BB). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the content of salivary cytokines, chemokines and growth factors is highly dependent on salivary gland function, i.e. salivary flow rate, total protein content and amylase activity. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we showed that salivary TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-12 and EOTAXIN/CCL11 differentiated patients with HF and hyposalivation with the highest sensitivity and specificity compared to patients with normal salivary secretion and controls. Interestingly, the content of some pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in saliva significantly exceeds their concentration in plasma. In addition, salivary biomarker levels do not reflect their plasma content, which may suggest a different nature/severity of inflammatory changes at the central (blood) and local (salivary) levels. Although our study was purely observational, the significantly higher concentration of inflammatory parameters in saliva compared to plasma, as well as the lack of saliva-blood correlation, may suggest increased production/secretion of these compounds in salivary cells of HF patients. ROC analysis did not confirm the diagnostic utility of salivary cytokines and chemokines in the differential diagnosis of HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klimiuk
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knapp
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk,
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Diep MT, Hove LH, Ørstavik D, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Sødal ATT, Sunde PT. Periapical and endodontic status among 65-year-old Oslo-citizens. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:371. [PMID: 36050662 PMCID: PMC9438292 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and root-filled teeth in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate associations of pathosis and endodontic treatment with selected individual risk indicators and technical quality of root fillings.
Material and methods A random sample of 450 65-year-olds in Oslo answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical and radiological examination (52% men and 48% women). Periapical radiographs were taken of all root-filled teeth and of teeth with apical radiolucency, and periapical status was evaluated using the Periapical Index. Apex-to-filling distance and homogeneity were assessed for all root fillings. Analyses on individual level and tooth level were performed. The outcome variables were ‘non-root-filled tooth with AP’ (‘untreated AP’), ‘root-filled tooth’, and 'root-filled tooth with AP’. The explanatory variables were gender, education, dental attendance pattern, smoking, remaining teeth (n), tooth group, and root filling quality. Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between outcome variables and explanatory variables. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05.
Results The mean number of remaining teeth was 26 (SD: 4). AP was present in 45% of the individuals. Sixteen percent of the individuals had untreated AP and 38% had at least one root-filled tooth with AP. Sixty-six percent of the individuals had one or more root-filled teeth. Untreated AP was significantly associated with a decreasing number of remaining teeth and smoking. All the outcome variables were significantly more prevalent in molars compared with premolars and anterior teeth. Thirty-five percent of the root-filled teeth had AP, and AP was more prevalent in teeth with too short apex-to-filling distance (53%) or unsatisfactory homogeneity (46%). Conclusions The remaining number of teeth was high, and AP and root-filled teeth were prevalent in the present young-elderly population. A notable amount of untreated AP was observed, especially in smokers. The findings in the present study indicate a substantial need for dental care associated with endodontic conditions in the future elderly. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02406-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Ørstavik
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Titterud Sunde
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Sødal ATT, Hove LH, Diep MT, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Koldsland OC. Periodontal conditions in a 65-year-old population and prevalence of periodontitis according to three different bone level thresholds. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:246. [PMID: 35729603 PMCID: PMC9215064 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway, and to investigate to what extent the radiographic bone level threshold for periodontitis case definition influences the prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHODS A random sample of 454 subjects underwent a clinical and radiographic examination and answered a questionnaire regarding general health, medications, and smoking habits. Clinical periodontal parameters (periodontal pocket depths, bleeding on probing, mobility, and furcation involvement) and radiographic bone loss were used to identify periodontitis cases and to assess periodontal stage and grade. RESULTS Of the 454 participants, 52.6% were defined as "periodontitis cases". Of the total study population "unstable cases of recurrent periodontitis" were present in 38.1%, 16.5% of the participants were assigned to stage II, 32.8% to stage III, and 3.3% to stage IV. When lowering the radiographic bone loss cutoff from > 3 mm to > 2 mm or > 1 mm the prevalence of periodontitis increased to 91.9% and 99.6%. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis was common among 65 year-olds living in Oslo, and in the majority of those with periodontitis, the disease was recurrent and unstable. This study also shows that the choice of bone loss cutoff for defining a periodontitis case affects the prevalence estimates to a large extent. In addition, this study addresses weaknesses in the use of the consensus report of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions for epidemiologic studies in its current form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1109, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Carsten Koldsland
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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The relationship between ocular and oral dryness in a cohort from the 65-year-old population in Norway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9805. [PMID: 35697848 PMCID: PMC9191758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the relationship between dry eyes and dry mouth was explored in 150 65-year-old subjects randomly selected from the general population in Oslo, Norway. The number of drugs, including xerogenic drugs, and current and previous systemic diseases were recorded. Ocular parameters recorded were the McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire, the Ocular Surface Disease Index, the Schirmer I Test, tear film break-up time and ocular surface staining. The oral parameters were xerostomia frequency, Summated Xerostomia Inventory, Clinical Oral Dryness Score, and unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva. The participants with current or previous systemic diseases had significantly more ocular and oral symptoms and significantly more oral clinical findings than the participants without a history of disease. Moreover, correlation and factor analyses demonstrated an association between subjective ocular and oral parameters. A significant correlation between the total number of drugs and the presence of ocular and oral symptoms was also noted. When the participants were categorized based on their ocular symptoms, poorer values were found for the oral parameters among the participants more troubled with dry eyes. The results in the present study call for increased awareness and an interdisciplinary approach in matters related to dry eyes and dry mouth.
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Ceena DE, Navya K, Nayak SU, Shenoy R, Binnal A, Bastian TS. Oral health status among the geriatric population - A cross sectional study. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Lee Y. Association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease among menopausal women: The 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265631. [PMID: 35298563 PMCID: PMC8929583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease among Korean menopausal women, as well as the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease according to duration after menopause. METHODS Of a total of 22,948 subjects who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2013 to 2015 the final study population was limited to 2,573 subjects with no missing values. The subjects were divided into two groups, normal bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis, according to the T-score obtained from bone densitometry. Scores of ≥ 3 points for the community periodontal index of treatment needs were reclassified as periodontal disease. Moreover, after stratification of the variable 'duration after menopause' into 0-4, 5-9, and ≥10 years, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease according to the duration after menopause. RESULTS There was an association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease. The osteoporosis group had an adjusted odds ratio [OR] of 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.56) for periodontal disease compared to the normal BMD group. Of note, the osteoporosis group in the menopausal transition stage (0-4 years after menopause) showed an adjusted OR of 2.08 (95% CI: 1.15-3.77) for developing periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis was associated with periodontal disease and the association was strongest among women in the menopausal transition stage, 0-4 years after menopause. Oral health promotion, including regular oral examination and oral hygiene care, is particularly useful for menopausal transition women with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Seoyeong University, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Diepeveen J, Moerdijk-Poortvliet TCW, van der Leij FR. Molecular insights into human taste perception and umami tastants: A review. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1449-1465. [PMID: 35301715 PMCID: PMC9314127 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding taste is key for optimizing the palatability of seaweeds and other non‐animal‐based foods rich in protein. The lingual papillae in the mouth hold taste buds with taste receptors for the five gustatory taste qualities. Each taste bud contains three distinct cell types, of which Type II cells carry various G protein‐coupled receptors that can detect sweet, bitter, or umami tastants, while type III cells detect sour, and likely salty stimuli. Upon ligand binding, receptor‐linked intracellular heterotrimeric G proteins initiate a cascade of downstream events which activate the afferent nerve fibers for taste perception in the brain. The taste of amino acids depends on the hydrophobicity, size, charge, isoelectric point, chirality of the alpha carbon, and the functional groups on their side chains. The principal umami ingredient monosodium l‐glutamate, broadly known as MSG, loses umami taste upon acetylation, esterification, or methylation, but is able to form flat configurations that bind well to the umami taste receptor. Ribonucleotides such as guanosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate strongly enhance umami taste when l‐glutamate is present. Ribonucleotides bind to the outer section of the venus flytrap domain of the receptor dimer and stabilize the closed conformation. Concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, arginate, and other compounds in food products may enhance saltiness and overall flavor. Umami ingredients may help to reduce the consumption of salts and fats in the general population and increase food consumption in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Diepeveen
- Research Group Marine Biobased Specialties, Chemistry Department, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C W Moerdijk-Poortvliet
- Research Group Marine Biobased Specialties, Chemistry Department, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Feike R van der Leij
- Research and Innovation Centre Agri, Food & Life Sciences (RIC-AFL), Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Delft, The Netherlands
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Marques RCR, da Silva JR, Vieira Lima CP, Stefani CM, Damé-Teixeira N. Salivary parameters of adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 134:176-189. [PMID: 35725961 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among the oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus (DM), salivary alterations stand out when considering that they can be linked to environmental changes that prompt other oral diseases. This study aimed to compare whether salivary parameters such as salivary flow, ionic composition, pH, and buffer capacity are altered in adults with DM. STUDY DESIGN A literature search was performed in 8 databases and the gray literature. Observational and clinical studies with populations >30 years old were included. The methodological quality of individual studies was assessed, 7 meta-analyses were performed, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach (protocol registered at PROSPERO-CRD42021214632). RESULTS Of the 5,816 titles retrieved, 22 observational studies were included, representing a total of 1,202 individuals with DM and 946 normoglycemic control subjects. Individuals with DM had significantly lower unstimulated (mean difference [Md] = 0.13 mL/min; CI = 0.06-0.2; P = .0005) and stimulated (Md = 0.44 mL/min; CI = 0.13-0.75; P = .005) salivary flow rates, a lower pH when evaluated with electrodes (Md = 0.45; CI = 0.19-0.71; P = .0007), and a higher salivary urea (standard Md = 1.52; CI = 0.19-2.85; P = .03). No significant differences were found in the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS Although the certainty of evidence was low because of the type of studies included, this review indicated salivary alterations in individuals with DM, such as hyposalivation, pH, and urea concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristine Miron Stefani
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Naile Damé-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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18
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Johansson AK, Omar R, Mastrovito B, Sannevik J, Carlsson GE, Johansson A. Prediction of xerostomia in a 75-year-old population: A 25-year longitudinal study. J Dent 2022; 118:104056. [PMID: 35121136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To follow the same individuals from age 50 up to 75 years to report on prevalence, persistence, progression, remission, incidence and predictors for xerostomia. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to all 50-years-olds (1992) in two Swedish counties (N=8888) and repeated at the age of 65 (2007) and 75 years (2017). 3060 individuals responded on all three occasions (response rate 42.5%). Xerostomia was assessed with two questions. Additional questions addressed inter alia general/oral health and oral function. RESULTS Reported prevalence of daytime xerostomia were 23.3% and 14.7%, and 39.5% and 27.5% in women and men, age 50 and 75, respectively. Night-time prevalence was higher. At age 50, 27.4% women and 24.0% men reported having dry mouth, and at age 75, 61.0% and 53.8%, respectively. At all time points, women reported significantly more xerostomia than men. Progression (deterioration) was common, and persistence (continuing presence) was high, while 25-year incidence for daytime xerostomia was 16.2% and 12.8%, and 33.6% and 29.8% at night-time, for women and men, respectively. Based on reports at age 50, regression analyses showed that prediction for developing xerostomia during the observation period, and reporting xerostomia at age 75 years, were female gender, impaired general health, chewing, jaw opening and intraoral problems, dissatisfaction with dental appearance, low education and having white/plastic filling. CONCLUSIONS Xerostomia is common in older people, especially at night and in women. It can be predicted by diverse factors reported earlier in life. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinicians need to be made aware of that elderly often suffers from dry mouth so that they can recommend effective measures to eliminate or ease the patients accompanying symptoms and also exclude or lessen possible negative impact on oral health related to xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ridwaan Omar
- Department of Restorative Sciences - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Berit Mastrovito
- Dental Commissioning Unit, Östergötland County Council, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar E Carlsson
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Morphology of Meibomian Glands in a 65-Year-Old Norwegian Population without Dry Eye Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030527. [PMID: 35159978 PMCID: PMC8836511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Analyses of meibography may help in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). However, there is currently a paucity of data regarding meibography analyses in the young elderly populations in the Nordic countries. In the current study, meibography of the upper and lower eyelids of 117 65-year-old residents in Oslo, Norway, who did not fulfil the diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) were analysed. Meibomian gland (MG) dropout and tarsal areas were measured semi-automatically using ImageJ software. The relationship between morphological features of the MGs and clinical dry eye tests was examined. The median percent MG dropout was 26.1% and 40.7% in the upper and lower eyelids, respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. None of the MG morphological parameters demonstrated significant values in discriminating abnormal dry eye symptom loads or MGD diagnosis from the normal loads. We therefore concluded that moderate MG atrophy was common among the Norwegian population of 65-year-olds without DED and showed no sexual differences. Meibography alone cannot discriminate MGD from non-MGD; thus, both morphological and functional MG tests are necessary when screening for MGD.
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Sødal ATT, Singh PB, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Diep MT, Hove LH. Smell, taste and trigeminal disorders in a 65-year-old population. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:300. [PMID: 33964881 PMCID: PMC8105933 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smell, taste and trigeminal disorders likely have a substantial impact on human daily life. However, data regarding the prevalence of these disorders in Norway are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smell, taste, trigeminal disorders and associated factors in a 65-year-old population in Oslo, Norway. METHODS A random sample of 223 individuals (123 men, 100 women) participated in the study. Medical history was obtained, and unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) were collected to determine salivary secretion rates. Sniffin`n Sticks and Taste Strips (Burghart Messtechnik GmbH, Wedel, Germany) were used for quantitative testing of olfactory and gustatory function. In addition, the participants' self-reported perceptions of smell and taste, and burning mouth sensation were investigated. RESULTS The results showed that 34 % of the participants had reduced smell (28 % hyposmia and 6 % anosmia) and 28 % had reduced taste perception (21 % hypogeusia and 7 % ageusia). 13 % of the partcipants had a combination of smell and taste disorders. Dysgeusia was reported by 5 % and burning mouth sensation (syndrome) by 3 % of the participants. Hyposmia, hypogeusia and ageusia were significantly more prevalent among men. Significant associations were found between taste disorders and previous history of cerebral hemorrhage and heart attack, and between burning mouth sensation and gastrointestinal disorders. Disturbances in olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal function were significantly related to medication use. Ageusia and burning mouth sensation were significantly more prevalent among smokers. Except from higher prevalence of ageusia among participants with hyposalivation with respect to SWS, no significant associations were found between salivary secretion rate and chemosensory or trigeminal disorders in the present study. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that one-third of 65-year-old individuals had impaired smell and more than one-fourth had impaired taste function. The prevalence of dysgeusia and burning mouth sensation was very low. Reduced smell and taste perception were more common among men than women. Furthermore, some diseases and medications were associated with chemosensory and trigeminal disorders. Ageusia was associated with SWS hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Preet Bano Singh
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
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Diep MT, Jensen JL, Skudutyte-Rysstad R, Young A, Sødal ATT, Petrovski BÉ, Hove LH. Xerostomia and hyposalivation among a 65-yr-old population living in Oslo, Norway. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12757. [PMID: 33501713 PMCID: PMC7986810 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the prevalence and associated factors for xerostomia and hyposalivation in a young‐elderly population. A random sample of 460 65‐yr‐old people living in Oslo, Norway, answered a questionnaire and underwent a clinical examination (237 men and 223 women; response rate 58%). Ten percent of respondents reported xerostomia. The median Summated Xerostomia Index was 6 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–7) and the median Clinical Oral Dryness Score was 2 (IQR: 1–3). The median unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) secretion rate was 0.34 (IQR: 0.20–0.53) mL min–1 and the median stimulated whole saliva (SWS) secretion rate was 1.74 (IQR: 1.24–2.38) mL min–1. In 8% of the study participants the UWS secretion rate was ≤0.1 mL min–1 and in 4% the SWS secretion rate was ≤0.7 mL min–1. Three percent of the study participants had both xerostomia and hyposalivation with respect to UWS. Xerostomia was significantly associated with medication use, having rheumatic disease, and having received radiation therapy to the head/neck region. Hyposalivation with respect to UWS and SWS was significantly associated with medication use and type II diabetes. Even though xerostomia and hyposalivation were not prevalent conditions in this population, clinicians should be especially aware of the salivary conditions in patients taking four or more medications, patients diagnosed with type II diabetes, and those who have undergone radiation therapy to the head/neck region.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Tien Diep
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasa Skudutyte-Rysstad
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alix Young
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Thea Tveit Sødal
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lene Hystad Hove
- Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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