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Hammen T, Treib S, Treib P, Stefan H, Hamer HM, Landwehr R, Lohmann L, Koch S, Treib J, Adler W. The Influence of Climatic Factors on the Provocation of Epileptic Seizures. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3404. [PMID: 38929934 PMCID: PMC11204309 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Recent studies provide the first indications of the impact of climate factors on human health, especially with individuals already grappling with internal and neurological conditions being particularly vulnerable. In the face of escalating climate change, our research delves into the specific influence of a spectrum of climatic factors and seasonal variations on the hospital admissions of patients receiving treatment for epileptic seizures at our clinic in Kaiserslautern. Methods: Our study encompassed data from 9366 epilepsy patients who were admitted to hospital due to epileptic seizures. We considered seven climate parameters that Germany's National Meteorological Service made available. We employed the Kruskal-Wallis test to examine the correlation between the frequency of admittance to our hospital in the mentioned patient group and seasons. Furthermore, we used conditional Poisson regression and distributed lag linear models (DLMs) to scrutinize the coherence of the frequency of patient admittance and the investigated climate parameters. The mentioned parameters were also analyzed in a subgroup analysis regarding the gender and age of patients and the classification of seizures according to ILAE 2017. Results: Our results demonstrate that climatic factors, such as precipitation and air pressure, can increase the frequency of hospital admissions for seizures in patients with general-onset epilepsy. In contrast, patients with focal seizures are less prone to climatic changes. Consequently, admittance to the hospital for seizures is less affected by climatic factors in the latter patient group. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that climatic factors are possible trigger factors for the provocation of seizures, particularly in patients with generalized seizures. This was determined indirectly by analyzing the frequency of seizure-related emergency admissions and their relation to prevailing climate factors. Our study is consistent with other studies showing that climate factors, such as cerebral infarcts or cerebral hemorrhages, influence patients' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Hammen
- Clinic for Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.S.); (H.M.H.)
- Clinic for Neurology, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Sebastian Treib
- Clinic for Neurology, University Hospital Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (S.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Philipp Treib
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hermann Stefan
- Clinic for Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.S.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Hajo M. Hamer
- Clinic for Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (H.S.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Ralf Landwehr
- Clinic for Neurology, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Lynn Lohmann
- Clinic for Neurology, University Hospital Homburg, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (S.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Sebastian Koch
- Clinical Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA;
| | - Johannes Treib
- Clinic for Neurology, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (R.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Werner Adler
- Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Casarrubea M, Radic M, Morais TP, Mifsud E, Cuboni E, Aiello S, Crescimanno G, Crunelli V, Di Giovanni G. A quantitative and T-pattern analysis of anxiety-like behavior in male GAERS, NEC, and Wistar rats bred under the same conditions, against a commercially available Wistar control group in the hole board and elevated plus maze tests. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14443. [PMID: 37658671 PMCID: PMC10916429 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) are an inbred polygenic model of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), which, as their non-epileptic control (NEC) rats, are derived from Wistar rats. While the validity of GAERS in reproducing absence seizures is well established, its use as a model for CAE psychiatric comorbidities has been subject to conflicting findings. Differences in colonies, experimental procedures, and the use of diverse controls from different breeders may account for these disparities. Therefore, in this study, we compared GAERS, NEC, and Wistar bred in the same animal facility with commercially available Wistar (Cm Wistar) as a third control. METHODS We performed hole board (HB) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests that were analyzed with standard quantitative and T-pattern analysis in male, age-matched Cm Wistar and GAERS, NEC, and Wistar, bred under the same conditions, to rule out the influence of different housing factors and provide extra information on the structure of anxiety-like behavior of GAERS rats. RESULTS Quantitative analysis showed that GAERS and NEC had similar low anxiety-like behavior when compared to Cm Wistar but not to Wistar rats, although a higher hole-focused exploration was revealed in NEC. T-pattern analysis showed that GAERS, NEC, and Wistar had a similar anxiety status, whereas GAERS and NEC exhibited major differences with Cm Wistar but not Wistar rats. EPM results indicated that GAERS and NEC also have similar low anxiety compared to Cm Wistar and/or Wistar rats. Nevertheless, the analysis of the T-pattern containing open-arm entry showed GAERS and Wistar to be less anxious than NEC and Cm Wistar rats. CONCLUSION To summarize, comorbid anxiety may not be present in male GAERS rats. This study also highlighted the importance of including a control Wistar group bred under the same conditions when evaluating their behavior, as using Wistar rats from commercial breeders can lead to misleading results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Casarrubea
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Human Physiology Section “Giuseppe Pagano”, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Manuela Radic
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
- Present address:
Department of PaediatricsChildren's Hospital ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Tatiana P Morais
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
| | - Erika Mifsud
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
| | - Eleonora Cuboni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
- Present address:
Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburgGermany
| | - Stefania Aiello
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Human Physiology Section “Giuseppe Pagano”, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Crescimanno
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Human Physiology Section “Giuseppe Pagano”, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND)University of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- School of Biosciences, Neuroscience DivisionCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of MaltaMsidaMalta
- School of Biosciences, Neuroscience DivisionCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Neuparth-Sottomayor M, Pina CC, Morais TP, Farinha-Ferreira M, Abreu DS, Solano F, Mouro F, Good M, Sebastião AM, Di Giovanni G, Crunelli V, Vaz SH. Cognitive comorbidities of experimental absence seizures are independent of anxiety. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 186:106275. [PMID: 37648038 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical absence seizures (ASs) are brief periods of lack of consciousness, associated with 2.5-4 Hz spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in the EEG, which are highly prevalent in children and teenagers. The majority of probands in these young epileptic cohorts show neuropsychological comorbidities, including cognitive, memory and mood impairments, even after the seizures are pharmacologically controlled. Similar cognition and memory deficits have been reported in different, but not all, genetic animal models of ASs. However, since these impairments are subtle and highly task-specific their presence may be confounded by an anxiety-like phenotype and no study has tested anxiety and memory in the same animals. Moreover, the majority of studies used non-epileptic inbred animals as the only control strain and this may have contributed to a misinterpretation of these behavioural results. To overcome these issues, here we used a battery of behavioural tests to compare anxiety and memory in the same animals from the well-established inbred model of Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), their inbred strain of Non-Epileptic Control (NEC) strain (that lack ASs) and normal outbred Wistar rats. We found that GAERS do not exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior and neophobia compared to both NEC and Wistar rats. In contrast, GAERS show decreased spontaneous alternation, spatial working memory and cross-modal object recognition compared to both NEC and Wistar rats. Furthermore, GAERS preferentially used egocentric strategies to perform spatial memory tasks. In summary, these results provide solid evidence of memory deficits in GAERS rats that do not depend on an anxiety or neophobic phenotype. Moreover, the presence of differences between NEC and Wistar rats stresses the need of using both outbred and inbred control rats in behavioural studies involving genetic models of ASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Neuparth-Sottomayor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina C Pina
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tatiana P Morais
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Farinha-Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Daniela Sofia Abreu
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa Solano
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Mouro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mark Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Dezsi G, Ozturk E, Harris G, Paul C, O'Brien TJ, Jones NC. Metyrapone abolishes spike-wave discharge seizures in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg by reducing stress hormones. Epilepsia 2023. [PMID: 36916834 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress is one of the most commonly reported triggers for seizures in patients with epilepsy, although the mechanisms that mediate this effect are not established. The clinical evidence supporting this is derived from patients' subjective experience of stress, and how this influences their own seizures. Animal models can be used to explore this phenomenon in controlled environments, free from subjective bias. Here, we used genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy, to explore the influence of stress and stress hormones on spontaneous seizures. METHODS Adult male GAERS (n = 38) and nonepileptic control (NEC) rats (n = 4) were used. First, rats were subjected to 30-min restraint stress to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. Next, we assessed the effects of 30-min noise stress, and cage tilt stress, on spike-wave discharge seizures in GAERS. We then performed pharmacological experiments to assess the direct effects of stress hormones on seizures, including corticosterone, metyrapone, and deoxycorticosterone. RESULTS GAERS exhibited elevated baseline corticosterone levels, compared to NEC rats. Noise stress and cage tilt stress significantly enhanced seizure incidence (p < .05), but only during stress periods. Exogenous corticosterone administration also significantly increased seizure occurrence (p < .05). Metyrapone, an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis, completely abolished seizures in GAERS, and seizures remained suppressed for >2 h. However, deoxycorticosterone, the precursor of corticosterone, increased seizures. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that GAERS exhibit elevations in stress hormones, and this may contribute to seizures. Inhibiting corticosterone synthesis with metyrapone prevents seizures in GAERS, and shows potential for repurposing this drug as a future antiseizure medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi Dezsi
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ezgi Ozturk
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia Harris
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cornelius Paul
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Inherited pain hypersensitivity and increased anxiety-like behaviors are associated with genetic epilepsy in Wistar Audiogenic Rats: Short- and long-term effects of acute and chronic seizures on nociception and anxiety. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 141:109160. [PMID: 36907082 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and pain hypersensitivity are neurobehavioral comorbidities commonly reported by patients with epilepsies, and preclinical models are suitable to investigate the neurobiology of behavioral and neuropathological alterations associated with these epilepsy-related comorbidities. This work aimed to characterize endogenous alterations in nociceptive threshold and anxiety-like behaviors in the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) model of genetic epilepsy. We also assessed the effects of acute and chronic seizures on anxiety and nociception. WARs from acute and chronic seizure protocols were divided into two groups to assess short- and long-term changes in anxiety (1 day or 15 days after seizures, respectively). To assess anxiety-like behaviors, the laboratory animals were submitted to the open field, light-dark box, and elevated plus maze tests. The von Frey, acetone, and hot plate tests were used to measure the endogenous nociception in seizure-free WARs, and postictal antinociception was recorded at 10, 30, 60, 120, 180 min, and 24 h after seizures. Seizure-free WARs presented increased anxiety-like behaviors and pain hypersensitivity, displaying mechanical and thermal allodynia (to heat and cold stimuli) in comparison to nonepileptic Wistar rats. Potent postictal antinociception that persisted for 120 to 180 min was detected after acute and chronic seizures. Additionally, acute and chronic seizures have magnified the expression of anxiety-like behaviors when assessed at 1 day and 15 days after seizures. Behavioral analysis indicated more severe and persistent anxiogenic-like alterations in WARs submitted to acute seizures. Therefore, WARs presented pain hypersensitivity and increased anxiety-like behaviors endogenously associated with genetic epilepsy. Acute and chronic seizures induced postictal antinociception in response to mechanical and thermal stimuli and increased anxiety-like behaviors when assessed 1 day and 15 days later. These findings support the presence of neurobehavioral alterations in subjects with epilepsy and shed light on the use of genetic models to characterize neuropathological and behavioral alterations associated with epilepsy.
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Harman T, Udoh M, McElroy DL, Anderson LL, Kevin RC, Banister SD, Ametovski A, Markham J, Bladen C, Doohan PT, Greba Q, Laprairie RB, Snutch TP, McGregor IS, Howland JG, Arnold JC. MEPIRAPIM-derived synthetic cannabinoids inhibit T-type calcium channels with divergent effects on seizures in rodent models of epilepsy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1086243. [PMID: 37082241 PMCID: PMC10110893 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1086243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: T-type Ca2+ channels (Cav3) represent emerging therapeutic targets for a range of neurological disorders, including epilepsy and pain. To aid the development and optimisation of new therapeutics, there is a need to identify novel chemical entities which act at these ion channels. A number of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have been found to exhibit activity at T-type channels, suggesting that cannabinoids may provide convenient chemical scaffolds on which to design novel Cav3 inhibitors. However, activity at cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors can be problematic because of central and peripheral toxicities associated with potent SCRAs. The putative SCRA MEPIRAPIM and its analogues were recently identified as Cav3 inhibitors with only minimal activity at CB1 receptors, opening the possibility that this scaffold may be exploited to develop novel, selective Cav3 inhibitors. Here we present the pharmacological characterisation of SB2193 and SB2193F, two novel Cav3 inhibitors derived from MEPIRAPIM. Methods: The potency of SB2193 and SB2193F was evaluated in vitro using a fluorometric Ca2+ flux assay and confirmed using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. In silico docking to the cryo-EM structure of Cav3.1 was also performed to elucidate structural insights into T-type channel inhibition. Next, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters in mouse brain and plasma were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Finally, anticonvulsant activity was assayed in established genetic and electrically-induced rodent seizure models. Results: Both MEPIRAPIM derivatives produced potent inhibition of Cav3 channels and were brain penetrant, with SB2193 exhibiting a brain/plasma ratio of 2.7. SB2193 was further examined in mouse seizure models where it acutely protected against 6 Hz-induced seizures. However, SB2193 did not reduce spontaneous seizures in the Scn1a +/- mouse model of Dravet syndrome, nor absence seizures in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS). Surprisingly, SB2193 appeared to increase the incidence and duration of spike-and-wave discharges in GAERS animals over a 4 h recording period. Conclusion: These results show that MEPIRAPIM analogues provide novel chemical scaffolds to advance Cav3 inhibitors against certain seizure types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Harman
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Udoh
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dan L. McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lyndsey L. Anderson
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard C. Kevin
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel D. Banister
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam Ametovski
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jack Markham
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Bladen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter T. Doohan
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Robert B. Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Terrance P. Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Iain S. McGregor
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John G. Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jonathon C. Arnold
- The Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jonathon C. Arnold,
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Sarkisova K, van Luijtelaar G. The impact of early-life environment on absence epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:436-468. [PMID: 36386598 PMCID: PMC9649966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the long-term effects of early-life environment on epileptogenesis, epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities with an emphasis on the absence epilepsy. The WAG/Rij rat strain is a well-validated genetic model of absence epilepsy with mild depression-like (dysthymia) comorbidity. Although pathologic phenotype in WAG/Rij rats is genetically determined, convincing evidence presented in this review suggests that the absence epilepsy and depression-like comorbidity in WAG/Rij rats may be governed by early-life events, such as prenatal drug exposure, early-life stress, neonatal maternal separation, neonatal handling, maternal care, environmental enrichment, neonatal sensory impairments, neonatal tactile stimulation, and maternal diet. The data, as presented here, indicate that some early environmental events can promote and accelerate the development of absence seizures and their neuropsychiatric comorbidities, while others may exert anti-epileptogenic and disease-modifying effects. The early environment can lead to phenotypic alterations in offspring due to epigenetic modifications of gene expression, which may have maladaptive consequences or represent a therapeutic value. Targeting DNA methylation with a maternal methyl-enriched diet during the perinatal period appears to be a new preventive epigenetic anti-absence therapy. A number of caveats related to the maternal methyl-enriched diet and prospects for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Sarkisova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str. 5a, Moscow 117485, Russia
| | - Gilles van Luijtelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Donders Center for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Genetic models to investigate chronic epileptogenic events: An open window of possibilities and perspectives. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 135:108908. [PMID: 36095875 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Neuroplastic alterations in cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) in animal models of epileptic seizures. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104675. [PMID: 35460705 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is an urgent need to better comprehend neuroplastic alterations in cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and to understand the biological meaning of these alterations in epileptic disorders. The present study reviewed neuroplastic changes in CB1 distribution, expression, and functionality in animal models of epileptic seizures. Neuroplastic alterations in CB1 were consistently observed in chemical, genetic, electrical, and febrile seizure models. Most studies assessed changes in hippocampal and cortical CB1, while thalamic, hypothalamic, and brainstem nuclei were rarely investigated. Additionally, the relationship between CB1 alteration and the control of brain excitability through modulation of specific neuronal networks, such as striatonigral, nigrotectal and thalamocortical pathways, and inhibitory projections to hippocampal pyramidal neurons, were all presented and discussed in the present review. Neuroplastic alterations in CB1 detected in animal models of epilepsy may reflect two different scenarios: (1) endogenous adaptations aimed to control neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy or (2) pathological alterations that facilitate neuronal hyperexcitability. Additionally, a better comprehension of neuroplastic and functional alterations in CB1 can improve pharmacological therapies for epilepsies and their comorbidities.
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An Integrated Multi-Omic Network Analysis Identifies Seizure-Associated Dysregulated Pathways in the GAERS Model of Absence Epilepsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116063. [PMID: 35682742 PMCID: PMC9181682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence epilepsy syndromes are part of the genetic generalized epilepsies, the pathogenesis of which remains poorly understood, although a polygenic architecture is presumed. Current focus on single molecule or gene identification to elucidate epileptogenic drivers is unable to fully capture the complex dysfunctional interactions occurring at a genetic/proteomic/metabolomic level. Here, we employ a multi-omic, network-based approach to characterize the molecular signature associated with absence epilepsy-like phenotype seen in a well validated rat model of genetic generalized epilepsy with absence seizures. Electroencephalographic and behavioral data was collected from Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS, n = 6) and non-epileptic controls (NEC, n = 6), followed by proteomic and metabolomic profiling of the cortical and thalamic tissue of rats from both groups. The general framework of weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify groups of highly correlated proteins and metabolites, which were then functionally annotated through joint pathway enrichment analysis. In both brain regions a large protein-metabolite module was found to be highly associated with the GAERS strain, absence seizures and associated anxiety and depressive-like phenotype. Quantitative pathway analysis indicated enrichment in oxidative pathways and a downregulation of the lysine degradation pathway in both brain regions. GSTM1 and ALDH2 were identified as central regulatory hubs of the seizure-associated module in the somatosensory cortex and thalamus, respectively. These enzymes are involved in lysine degradation and play important roles in maintaining oxidative balance. We conclude that the dysregulated pathways identified in the seizure-associated module may be involved in the aetiology and maintenance of absence seizure activity. This dysregulated activity could potentially be modulated by targeting one or both central regulatory hubs.
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De Deurwaerdère P, Casarrubea M, Cassar D, Radic M, Puginier E, Chagraoui A, Crescimanno G, Crunelli V, Di Giovanni G. Cannabinoid 1/2 Receptor Activation Induces Strain-Dependent Behavioral and Neurochemical Changes in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats From Strasbourg and Non-epileptic Control Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:886033. [PMID: 35677756 PMCID: PMC9169225 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.886033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is characterized by absence seizures, which are episodes of lack of consciousness accompanied by electrographic spike-wave discharges. About 60% of children and adolescents with absence seizures are affected by major neuropsychological comorbidities, including anxiety. Endocannabinoids and monoamines are likely involved in the pathophysiology of these CAE psychiatric comorbidities. Here, we show that the synthetic cannabinoid receptor type 1/2 (CB1/2R) agonist WIN 55,212-2 (2 mg/kg) has a strain-dependent effect on anxiety-like and motor behavior when assess in the hole board test and cerebral monoaminergic levels in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) and their non-epileptic control (NEC) rat strain. Using quantitative and Temporal pattern (T-pattern) analyses, we found that WIN 55,212-2 did not affect the emotional status of GAERS, but it was anxiolytic in NEC. Conversely, WIN 55,212-2 had a sedative effect in GAERS but was ineffective in NEC. Moreover, vehicle-treated GAERS more motivated to explore by implementing more complex and articulated strategies. These behavioral changes correlate with the reduction of 5-HT in the hippocampus and substantia nigra (SN) and noradrenaline (NA) in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) in vehicle-treated GAERS compared to NEC rats, which could contribute to their low anxiety status and hypermotility, respectively. On the other hand, the increased level of NA in the EPN and 5-HT in the SN is consistent with an activation of the basal ganglia output-mediated motor suppression observed in WIN 55,212-2-treated GAERS rats. These data support the view of a strain-dependent alteration of the endocannabinoid system in absence epilepsy by adding evidence of a lower emotional responsiveness and a basal ganglia hypersensitivity to cannabinoids in GAERS compared to NEC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Casarrubea
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Human Physiology Section “Giuseppe Pagano”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Casarrubea,
| | - Daniel Cassar
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Manuela Radic
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Emilie Puginier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5287, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, CHU Rouen, Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Giuseppe Crescimanno
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Human Physiology Section “Giuseppe Pagano”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Giuseppe Di Giovanni,
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Ozgur M, Özyurt MG, Arkan S, Cavdar S. The Effects of Optogenetic Activation of Astrocytes on Spike-and-Wave Discharges in Genetic Absence Epileptic Rats. Ann Neurosci 2022; 29:53-61. [PMID: 35875425 PMCID: PMC9305907 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211072423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Absence seizures (petit mal seizures) are characterized by a brief loss of consciousness without loss of postural tone. The disease is diagnosed by an electroencephalogram (EEG) showing spike–wave discharges (SWD) caused by hypersynchronous thalamocortical (TC) oscillations. There has been an explosion of research highlighting the role of astrocytes in supporting and modulating neuronal activity. Despite established in vitro evidence, astrocytes’ influence on the TC network remains to be elucidated in vivo in the absence epilepsy (AE). Purpose: In this study, we investigated the role of astrocytes in the generation and modulation of SWDs. We hypothesize that disturbances in astrocytes’ function may affect the pathomechanism of AE. Methods: To direct the expression of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) rAAV8-GFAP-ChR2(H134R)-EYFP or to control the effect of surgical intervention, AAV-CaMKIIa-EYFP was injected into the ventrobasal nucleus (VB) of the thalamus of 18 animals. After four weeks following the injection, rats were stimulated using blue light (~473 nm) and, simultaneously, the electrophysiological activity of the frontal cortical neurons was recorded for three consecutive days. The animals were then perfused, and the brain tissue was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results: A significant increase in the duration of SWD without affecting the number of SWD in genetic absence epileptic rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) compared to control injections was observed. The duration of the SWD was increased from 12.50 ± 4.41 s to 17.44 ± 6.07 following optogenetic stimulation in GAERS. The excitation of the astrocytes in Wistar Albino Glaxo Rijswijk (WAG-Rij) did not change the duration of SWD; however, stimulation resulted in a significant increase in the number of SWD from 18.52 ± 11.46 bursts/30 min to 30.17 ± 18.43 bursts/30 min. Whereas in control injection, the duration and the number of SWDs were similar at pre- and poststimulus. Both the background and poststimulus average firing rates of the SWD in WAG-Rij were significantly higher than the firing recorded in GAERS. Conclusion: These findings suggest that VB astrocytes play a role in modulating the SWD generation in both rat models with distinct mechanisms and can present an essential target for the possible therapeutic approach for AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ozgur
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Division of Neuroscience, Koc University, Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Anatomy, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Görkem Özyurt
- Department of Anatomy, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sertan Arkan
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Safiye Cavdar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lazarini-Lopes W, Silva-Cardoso GK, Leite-Panissi CRA, Garcia-Cairasco N. Increased TRPV1 Channels and FosB Protein Expression Are Associated with Chronic Epileptic Seizures and Anxiogenic-like Behaviors in a Preclinical Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020416. [PMID: 35203625 PMCID: PMC8962263 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are neurological disorders characterized by chronic seizures and their related neuropsychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel has been implicated in the modulation of seizures and anxiety-like behaviors in preclinical models. Here, we investigated the impact of chronic epileptic seizures in anxiety-like behavior and TRPV1 channels expression in a genetic model of epilepsy, the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain. WARs were submitted to audiogenic kindling (AK), a preclinical model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and behavioral tests were performed in the open-field (OF), and light-dark box (LDB) tests 24 h after AK. WARs displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and TRPV1R expression in the hippocampal CA1 area and basolateral amygdala nucleus (BLA) when compared to control Wistar rats. Chronic seizures increased anxiety-like behaviors and TRPV1 and FosB expression in limbic and brainstem structures involved with epilepsy and anxiety comorbidity, such as the hippocampus, superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray matter. Therefore, these results highlight previously unrecognized alterations in TRPV1 expression in brain structures involved with TLE and anxiogenic-like behaviors in a genetic model of epilepsy, the WAR strain, supporting an important role of TRPV1 in the modulation of neurological disorders and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Lazarini-Lopes
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Science, and Letters, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil; (G.K.S.-C.); (C.R.A.L.-P.)
| | - Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Science, and Letters, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil; (G.K.S.-C.); (C.R.A.L.-P.)
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine and Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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McElroy DL, Roebuck AJ, Greba Q, Garai S, Brandt AL, Yilmaz O, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Thakur GA, Laprairie RB, Howland JG. The type 1 cannabinoid receptor positive allosteric modulators GAT591 and GAT593 reduce spike-and-wave discharges in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:121-130. [PMID: 35128516 PMCID: PMC8804275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a non-convulsive seizure disorder primarily in children characterized by absence seizures. Absence seizures consist of 2.5–5 Hz spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) detectable using electroencephalography (EEG). Current drug treatments are only partially effective and adverse side effects have spurred research into alternative treatment approaches. Recent research shows that positive allosteric modulation of the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) reduces the frequency and duration of SWDs in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), a model that recapitulates the SWDs in CAE. Here, we tested additional CB1R ago-PAMs, GAT591 and GAT593, for their potential in alleviating SWD activity in GAERS. In vitro experiments confirm that GAT591 and GAT593 exhibit increased potency and selectivity in cell cultures and behave as CB1R allosteric agonists and PAMs. To assess drug effects on SWDs, bilateral electrodes were surgically implanted in the somatosensory cortices of male GAERS and EEGs recorded for 4 h following systemic administration of GAT591 or GAT593 (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg). Both GAT591 and GAT593 dose-dependently reduced total SWD duration during the recording period. The greatest effect on SWD activity was observed at 10.0 mg/kg doses, with GAT591 and GAT593 reducing seizure duration by 36% and 34% respectively. Taken together, these results support the continued investigation of CB1R PAMs as a potential therapeutic to alleviate SWDs in absence epilepsy. Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of cannabinoid type 1 receptors may help treat absence epilepsy. Two ago-PAMs for CB1Rs were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays. The increased efficacy of the CB1R-PAMs GAT591 and GAT593 was confirmed in vitro. Systemic injection of either compound reduced spike-and-wave discharges in a rat genetic model of absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan L. McElroy
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Roebuck
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- School of Liberal Arts, Yukon University, Whitehorse, YT Y1A 5K4, Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Sumanta Garai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Asher L. Brandt
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Orhan Yilmaz
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Stuart M. Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Terrance P. Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ganesh A. Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert B. Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence to: College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 3B36 - 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - John G. Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence to: Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, GD30.7, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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15
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Akman O, Briggs SW, Mowrey WB, Moshé SL, Galanopoulou AS. Antiepileptogenic effects of rapamycin in a model of infantile spasms due to structural lesions. Epilepsia 2021; 62:1985-1999. [PMID: 34212374 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infantile spasms may evolve into persistent epilepsies including Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. We compared adult epilepsy outcomes in models of infantile spasms due to structural etiology (multiple-hit model) or focal cortical inflammation and determined the anti-epileptogenic effects of pulse-rapamycin, previously shown to stop spasms in multiple-hit rats. METHODS Spasms were induced in 3-day-old male rats via right intracerebral doxorubicin/lipopolysaccharide (multiple-hit model) infusions. Controls and sham rats were used. Separate multiple-hit rats received pulse-rapamycin or vehicle intraperitoneally between postnatal days 4 and 6. In adult mice, video-EEG (electroencephalography) scoring for seizures and sleep and histology were done blinded to treatment. RESULTS Motor-type seizures developed in 66.7% of multiple-hit rats, usually from sleep, but were reduced in the pulse-rapamycin-treated group (20%, p = .043 vs multiple-hit) and rare in other groups (0-9.1%, p < .05 vs multiple-hit). Spike-and-wave bursts had a slower frequency in multiple-hit rats (5.4-5.8Hz) than in the other groups (7.6-8.3Hz) (p < .05); pulse rapamycin had no effect on the hourly spike-and-wave burst rates in adulthood. Rapamycin, however, reduced the time spent in slow-wave-sleep (17.2%), which was increased in multiple-hit rats (71.6%, p = .003). Sham rats spent more time in wakefulness (43.7%) compared to controls (30.6%, p = .043). Multiple-hit rats, with or without rapamycin treatment, had right more than left corticohippocampal, basal ganglia lesions. There was no macroscopic pathology in the other groups. SIGNIFICANCE Structural corticohippocampal/basal ganglia lesions increase the risk for post-infantile spasms epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome features, and sleep dysregulation. Pulse rapamycin treatment for infantile spasms has anti-epileptogenic effects, despite the structural lesions, and decreases the time spent in slow wave sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Akman
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Stephen W Briggs
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Wenzhu B Mowrey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Solomon L Moshé
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Bronx, New York, USA.,Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Montefiore/Einstein Epilepsy Center, Bronx, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Aristea S Galanopoulou
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Bronx, New York, USA.,Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Montefiore/Einstein Epilepsy Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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16
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Absence epilepsy in male and female WAG/Rij rats: A longitudinal EEG analysis of seizure expression. Epilepsy Res 2021; 176:106693. [PMID: 34225231 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The WAG/Rij strain of rats is commonly used as a preclinical model of genetic absence epilepsy. While widely utilized, the developmental trajectory of absence seizure expression has been only partially described. Moreover, sex differences in this strain have been under-explored. Here, we longitudinally monitored male and female WAG/Rij rats to quantify cortical spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) monthly, from 4 to 10 months of age. In both male and female WAG/Rij rats, absence seizure susceptibility increased with age. In contrast to previous reports, we found a robust and consistent increase in absence epilepsy susceptibility in male WAG/Rij rats in comparison to females across months. The increased absence seizure susceptibility was characterized by increased number and duration of SWDs, and consequently increased total SWDs duration. These findings highlight a previously un-recognized sex difference in a model of absence epilepsy and narrow the knowledge gap of age-dependent expression of SWDs in the WAG/Rij strain.
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17
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Wachsmuth L, Datunashvili M, Kemper K, Albers F, Lambers H, Lüttjohann A, Kreitz S, Budde T, Faber C. Retrosplenial Cortex Contributes to Network Changes during Seizures in the GAERS Absence Epilepsy Rat Model. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab023. [PMID: 34296168 PMCID: PMC8263073 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state-fMRI was performed to explore brain networks in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg and in nonepileptic controls (NEC) during monitoring of the brain state by simultaneous optical Ca2+-recordings. Graph theoretical analysis allowed for the identification of acute and chronic network changes and revealed preserved small world topology before and after seizure onset. The most prominent acute change in network organization during seizures was the segregation of cortical regions from the remaining brain. Stronger connections between thalamic with limbic regions compared with preseizure state indicated network regularization during seizures. When comparing between strains, intrathalamic connections were prominent in NEC, on local level represented by higher thalamic strengths and hub scores. Subtle differences were observed for retrosplenial cortex (RS), forming more connections beyond cortex in epileptic rats, and showing a tendency to lateralization during seizures. A potential role of RS as hub between subcortical and cortical regions in epilepsy was supported by increased numbers of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons together with enhanced inhibitory synaptic activity and neuronal excitability in pyramidal neurons. By combining multimodal fMRI data, graph theoretical methods, and electrophysiological recordings, we identified the RS as promising target for modulation of seizure activity and/or comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Wachsmuth
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maia Datunashvili
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Kemper
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Albers
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Henriette Lambers
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Lüttjohann
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Silke Kreitz
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Clinic for Radiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Gulcebi MI, Bartolini E, Lee O, Lisgaras CP, Onat F, Mifsud J, Striano P, Vezzani A, Hildebrand MS, Jimenez-Jimenez D, Junck L, Lewis-Smith D, Scheffer IE, Thijs RD, Zuberi SM, Blenkinsop S, Fowler HJ, Foley A, Sisodiya SM, Berkovic S, Cavalleri G, Correa DJ, Martins Custodio H, Galovic M, Guerrini R, Henshall D, Howard O, Hughes K, Katsarou A, Koeleman BP, Krause R, Lowenstein D, Mandelenaki D, Marini C, O'Brien TJ, Pace A, De Palma L, Perucca P, Pitkänen A, Quinn F, Selmer KK, Steward CA, Swanborough N, Thijs R, Tittensor P, Trivisano M, Weckhuysen S, Zara F. Climate change and epilepsy: Insights from clinical and basic science studies. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 116:107791. [PMID: 33578223 PMCID: PMC9386889 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is with us. As professionals who place value on evidence-based practice, climate change is something we cannot ignore. The current pandemic of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has demonstrated how global crises can arise suddenly and have a significant impact on public health. Global warming, a chronic process punctuated by acute episodes of extreme weather events, is an insidious global health crisis needing at least as much attention. Many neurological diseases are complex chronic conditions influenced at many levels by changes in the environment. This review aimed to collate and evaluate reports from clinical and basic science about the relationship between climate change and epilepsy. The keywords climate change, seasonal variation, temperature, humidity, thermoregulation, biorhythm, gene, circadian rhythm, heat, and weather were used to search the published evidence. A number of climatic variables are associated with increased seizure frequency in people with epilepsy. Climate change-induced increase in seizure precipitants such as fevers, stress, and sleep deprivation (e.g. as a result of more frequent extreme weather events) or vector-borne infections may trigger or exacerbate seizures, lead to deterioration of seizure control, and affect neurological, cerebrovascular, or cardiovascular comorbidities and risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Risks are likely to be modified by many factors, ranging from individual genetic variation and temperature-dependent channel function, to housing quality and global supply chains. According to the results of the limited number of experimental studies with animal models of seizures or epilepsy, different seizure types appear to have distinct susceptibility to seasonal influences. Increased body temperature, whether in the context of fever or not, has a critical role in seizure threshold and seizure-related brain damage. Links between climate change and epilepsy are likely to be multifactorial, complex, and often indirect, which makes predictions difficult. We need more data on possible climate-driven altered risks for seizures, epilepsy, and epileptogenesis, to identify underlying mechanisms at systems, cellular, and molecular levels for better understanding of the impact of climate change on epilepsy. Further focussed data would help us to develop evidence for mitigation methods to do more to protect people with epilepsy from the effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medine I. Gulcebi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emanuele Bartolini
- USL Centro Toscana, Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Via Suor Niccolina Infermiera 20, 59100 Prato, Italy.
| | - Omay Lee
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Christos Panagiotis Lisgaras
- New York University Langone Health, 100 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Center for Dementia Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Rd., Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
| | - Filiz Onat
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Janet Mifsud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Malta, Msida MSD2040, Malta.
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Paediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, DINOGMI-Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, IRCCS “Giannina Gaslini” Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS 'Mario Negri' Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
| | - Michael S. Hildebrand
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego Jimenez-Jimenez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK.
| | - Larry Junck
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - David Lewis-Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Ingrid E. Scheffer
- University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children’s Hospital, Florey Institute and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roland D. Thijs
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sameer M. Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children & Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit, Royal Hospital for Children, UK
| | | | - Hayley J. Fowler
- Centre for Earth Systems Engineering Research, School of Engineering, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Aideen Foley
- Department of Geography, Birkbeck College University of London, London, UK.
| | - Epilepsy Climate Change ConsortiumBalestriniSimonaaaBerkovicSamuelabCavalleriGianpieroacCorreaDaniel JoséadMartins CustodioHelenaaeGalovicMarianafGuerriniRenzoagHenshallDavidahHowardOlgaaiHughesKelvinajKatsarouAnnaakKoelemanBobby P.C.alKrauseRolandamLowensteinDanielanMandelenakiDespoinaaoMariniCarlaapO’BrienTerence J.aqPaceAdrianarDe PalmaLucaasPeruccaPieroatPitkänenAslaauQuinnFinolaavSelmerKaja KristineawStewardCharles A.axSwanboroughNicolaayThijsRolandazTittensorPhilbaTrivisanoMarinabbWeckhuysenSarahbcZaraFedericobdDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UKEpilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; The FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, IrelandSaul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, K-312, Bronx, NY 10461, USADepartment of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UKUniversity Hospital Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pisa and IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56018 Calambrone, Pisa, ItalyFutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, IrelandUCB Pharma Ltd, Slough, UKDravet Syndrome UK, UKLaboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USAUniversity Medical Center, Utrecht, The NetherlandsLuxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, LuxembourgDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USADepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Queen Fabiola Children’s University Hospital, Brussels, Brussels Capital Region, BelgiumNeuroscience Department, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, Florence, ItalyMelbourne Brain Centre, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaGozo General Hospital, MaltaNeurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Departments of Medicine and Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, FinlandILAE-IBE Congress Secretariat, Dublin, IrelandNational Centre for Rare Epilepsy-related Disorders, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayCongenica Ltd, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1DR, UK; Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UKEpilepsy Society, Bucks, UKStichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UKRoyal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UKRare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, ItalyNeurogenetics Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, BelgiumUnit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK and Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK,Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Crunelli V, Lőrincz ML, McCafferty C, Lambert RC, Leresche N, Di Giovanni G, David F. Clinical and experimental insight into pathophysiology, comorbidity and therapy of absence seizures. Brain 2020; 143:2341-2368. [PMID: 32437558 PMCID: PMC7447525 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence seizures in children and teenagers are generally considered relatively benign because of their non-convulsive nature and the large incidence of remittance in early adulthood. Recent studies, however, show that 30% of children with absence seizures are pharmaco-resistant and 60% are affected by severe neuropsychiatric comorbid conditions, including impairments in attention, cognition, memory and mood. In particular, attention deficits can be detected before the epilepsy diagnosis, may persist even when seizures are pharmacologically controlled and are aggravated by valproic acid monotherapy. New functional MRI-magnetoencephalography and functional MRI-EEG studies provide conclusive evidence that changes in blood oxygenation level-dependent signal amplitude and frequency in children with absence seizures can be detected in specific cortical networks at least 1 min before the start of a seizure, spike-wave discharges are not generalized at seizure onset and abnormal cortical network states remain during interictal periods. From a neurobiological perspective, recent electrical recordings and imaging of large neuronal ensembles with single-cell resolution in non-anaesthetized models show that, in contrast to the predominant opinion, cortical mechanisms, rather than an exclusively thalamic rhythmogenesis, are key in driving seizure ictogenesis and determining spike-wave frequency. Though synchronous ictal firing characterizes cortical and thalamic activity at the population level, individual cortico-thalamic and thalamocortical neurons are sparsely recruited to successive seizures and consecutive paroxysmal cycles within a seizure. New evidence strengthens previous findings on the essential role for basal ganglia networks in absence seizures, in particular the ictal increase in firing of substantia nigra GABAergic neurons. Thus, a key feature of thalamic ictogenesis is the powerful increase in the inhibition of thalamocortical neurons that originates at least from two sources, substantia nigra and thalamic reticular nucleus. This undoubtedly provides a major contribution to the ictal decrease in total firing and the ictal increase of T-type calcium channel-mediated burst firing of thalamocortical neurons, though the latter is not essential for seizure expression. Moreover, in some children and animal models with absence seizures, the ictal increase in thalamic inhibition is enhanced by the loss-of-function of the astrocytic GABA transporter GAT-1 that does not necessarily derive from a mutation in its gene. Together, these novel clinical and experimental findings bring about paradigm-shifting views of our understanding of absence seizures and demand careful choice of initial monotherapy and continuous neuropsychiatric evaluation of affected children. These issues are discussed here to focus future clinical and experimental research and help to identify novel therapeutic targets for treating both absence seizures and their comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Crunelli
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - Magor L Lőrincz
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cian McCafferty
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Régis C Lambert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine and Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Leresche
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neuroscience Paris Seine and Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK
| | - François David
- Cerebral dynamics, learning and plasticity, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center - UMR 8002, Paris, France
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20
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Wang GH, Chou P, Hsueh SW, Yang YC, Kuo CC. Glutamate transmission rather than cellular pacemaking propels excitatory-inhibitory resonance for ictogenesis in amygdala. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105188. [PMID: 33221531 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are automatic, excessive, and synchronized neuronal activities originating from many brain regions especially the amygdala, the allocortices and neocortices. This may reflect a shared principle for network organization and signaling in these telencephalic structures. In theory, the automaticity of epileptic discharges may stem from spontaneously active "oscillator" neurons equipped with intrinsic pacemaking conductances, or from a group of synaptically-connected collaborating "resonator" neurons. In the basolateral amygdalar (BLA) network of pyramidal-inhibitory (PN-IN) neuronal resonators, we demonstrated that rhythmogenic currents are provided by glutamatergic rather than the classic intrinsic or cellular pacemaking conductances (namely the h currents). The excitatory output of glutamatergic neurons such as PNs presumably propels a novel network-based "relay burst mode" of discharges especially in INs, which precondition PNs into a state prone to burst discharges and thus further glutamate release. Also, selective activation of unilateral PNs, but never INs, readily drives bilateral BLA networks into reverberating discharges which are fully synchronized with the behavioral manifestations of seizures (e.g. muscle contractions). Seizures originating in BLA and/or the other structures with similar PN-IN networks thus could be viewed as glutamate-triggered erroneous network oscillations that are normally responsible for information relay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping Chou
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Chin Kuo
- Department of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Jazayeri D, Braine E, McDonald S, Dworkin S, Powell KL, Griggs K, Vajda FJE, O'Brien TJ, Jones NC. A rat model of valproate teratogenicity from chronic oral treatment during pregnancy. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1291-1300. [PMID: 32415786 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium valproate (VPA), the most effective antiepileptic drug for patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), is a potent human teratogen that increases the risk of a range of congenital malformations, including spina bifida. The mechanisms underlying this teratogenicity are not known, but may involve genetic risk factors. This study aimed to develop an animal model of VPA-induced birth defects. METHODS We used three different rat strains: inbred Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats From Strasbourg (GAERS), a model of GGE with absence seizures; inbred Non-Epileptic Controls (NEC); and outbred nonepileptic Wistars. Female rats were fed standard chow or VPA (20 g/kg food) mixed in standard chow for 2 weeks prior to conception, and then mated with same-strain males. Treatment continued throughout pregnancy. Fetuses were extracted via C-section on gestational day 21 and examined for birth defects, including external assessment and spinal measurements. RESULTS VPA-exposed pups showed significant reductions in weight, length, and whole-body development compared with controls of all three strains (P < .0001). Gestational VPA treatment altered intravertebral distances, and resulted in underdeveloped vertebral arches between thoracic region T11 and caudal region C2 in most pups (GAERS, 100%; NEC, 95%; Wistar, 80%), more frequently than in controls (9%, 13%, 19%). SIGNIFICANCE Gestational VPA treatment results in similar developmental and morphological abnormalities in three rat strains, including one with GGE, indicating that the genetic underpinnings of epilepsy do not contribute markedly to VPA-induced birth defects. This model may be used in future studies to investigate mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of antiepileptic drug-induced birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Jazayeri
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,La Trobe Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine Research, School of Allied Health, Human Services, and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Braine
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Powell
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Griggs
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank J E Vajda
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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van Luijtelaar G, van Oijen G. Establishing Drug Effects on Electrocorticographic Activity in a Genetic Absence Epilepsy Model: Advances and Pitfalls. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:395. [PMID: 32351383 PMCID: PMC7175742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic rat models such as rats of the WAG/Rij strain and GAERS were developed as models for generalized genetic epilepsy and in particular for childhood absence epilepsy. These animal models were described in the eighties of the previous century and both models have, among others, face, construct and predictive validity. Both models were and are currently used as models to predict the action of antiepileptic medication and other experimental treatments, to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms of spike-wave discharges and epileptogenesis. Although the electroencephalagram (EEG)/electrocorticogram (ECoG) is imperative for establishing absence seizures and to quantify the for absence epilepsy typical spike-wave discharges, monitoring the animals behavior is equally necessary. Here an overview is given regarding the design of drug evaluation studies, which animals to use, classical and new EEG variables, the monitoring and quantification of the behavior of the rats, some pitfalls regarding the interpretation of the data, and some developments in EEG technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard van Oijen
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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23
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Roebuck AJ, An L, Marks WN, Sun N, Snutch TP, Howland JG. Cognitive Impairments in Touchscreen-based Visual Discrimination and Reversal Learning in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg. Neuroscience 2020; 430:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Kaur S, Maslov LN, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Dual role of T-type calcium channels in anxiety-related behavior. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0067/jbcpp-2019-0067.xml. [PMID: 31644427 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
T-type calcium channels are low voltage activated calcium channels that are widely expressed in various brain regions including stress-responsive regions. These channels regulate the diverse functions of the central nervous system, and modulation of these channels is shown to modulate the anxiety. Studies have described that modulation of T-type calcium channels may either aggravate or ameliorate anxiety-related behavior, suggesting the dual role of these channels. The studies employing animals with overexpression of T-type calcium channels reported their anxiety-inducing role. Therefore, the blockade of these channels using various pharmacological agents such as ethosuximide, plant extracts of linalool or rosemary, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is reported to ameliorate anxiety. On the contrary, knockout of the gene encoding these channels predisposes the rodents to anxiety-related disorders, suggesting the anxiety-attenuating role of these channels. It may be possible that these channels in normal or basal state attenuate anxiety, whereas activation of these channels in stressful condition may produce anxiety. The present review describes the dual role of T-type calcium channels in anxiety-related behavior in both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjot Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk 634012, Russia
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala 147002, India, Mobile: +919501016036
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25
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Cavarec F, Krauss P, Witkowski T, Broisat A, Ghezzi C, De Gois S, Giros B, Depaulis A, Deransart C. Early reduced dopaminergic tone mediated by D3 receptor and dopamine transporter in absence epileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2128-2140. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Cavarec
- Grenoble Alpes University National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1216, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Center Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences Grenoble France
| | - Philipp Krauss
- Grenoble Alpes University National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1216, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Center Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences Grenoble France
- Department of Neurosurgery Rechts der Isar Hospital Munich Germany
| | - Tiffany Witkowski
- Grenoble Alpes University National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1216, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Center Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences Grenoble France
- Clermont Auvergne University National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1240 Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research Mixed Unit of Research U1039 Bioclinical Radiopharmaceuticals Grenoble France
| | - Catherine Ghezzi
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research Mixed Unit of Research U1039 Bioclinical Radiopharmaceuticals Grenoble France
| | - Stéphanie De Gois
- Neuroscience Paris Seine National Institute of Health and Medical Research Mixed Unit of Research 1130/National Center for Scientific Research Mixed Unit of Research 8246 Sorbonne University Paris France
| | - Bruno Giros
- Neuroscience Paris Seine National Institute of Health and Medical Research Mixed Unit of Research 1130/National Center for Scientific Research Mixed Unit of Research 8246 Sorbonne University Paris France
- Department of Psychiatry Douglas Hospital McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- Grenoble Alpes University National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1216, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Center Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences Grenoble France
| | - Colin Deransart
- Grenoble Alpes University National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1216, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital Center Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences Grenoble France
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26
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Kaur S, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Opening of T-type Ca2+ channels and activation of HCN channels contribute in stress adaptation in cold water immersion stress-subjected mice. Life Sci 2019; 232:116605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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27
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Ding L, Satish S, Zhou C, Gallagher MJ. Cortical activation in generalized seizures. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1932-1941. [PMID: 31368118 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with generalized epilepsy exhibit different epileptiform events including asymptomatic interictal spikes (IS), absence seizures with spike-wave discharges (SWDs), and myoclonic seizures (MS). Our objective was to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activation in SWDs, IS, and MS in the Gabra1+/A322D juvenile myoclonic epilepsy mouse. METHODS We fabricated affordable, flexible high-density electroencephalography (HdEEG) arrays and recorded spontaneous SWD, IS, and MS with video/HdEEG. We determined differences among the events in amplitude spectral density (ASD) in the δ/θ/α/β/γ frequency bands at baseline (3.5-4.0 seconds before the first spike time, t0 ) and the prespike period (0.1-0.5 seconds before t0 ), and we elucidated the spatiotemporal activation during the t0 spike. RESULTS All three events had an increase in ASD between baseline and prespike in at least one frequency band. During prespike, MS had the largest δ-band ASD, but SWD had the greatest α/β/γ band ASD. For all three events, the ASD was largest in the anterior regions. The t0 spike voltage was also greatest in the anterior regions for all three events and IS and MS had larger voltages than SWD. From 7.5 to 17.5 msec after t0 , MS had greater voltage than IS and SWD, and maximal voltage was in the posterior parietal region. SIGNIFICANCE Changes in spectral density from baseline to prespike indicate that none of these generalized events are instantaneous or entirely unpredictable. Prominent engagement of anterior cortical regions during prespike and at t0 suggest that common anterior neural circuits participate in each event. Differences in prespike ASD signify that although the events may engage similar brain regions, they may arise from distinct proictal states with different neuronal activity or connectivity. Prolonged activation of the posterior parietal area in MS suggests that posterior circuits contribute to the myoclonic jerk. Together, these findings identify brain regions and processes that could be specifically targeted for further recording and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sanjana Satish
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chengwen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Martin J Gallagher
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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28
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Çarçak N, Ali I, Powell K, Zheng T, Onat F, O'Brien TJ. Ca
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3.2 T‐type calcium channel mutation influences kindling‐induced thalamic neuronal firing patterns in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats From Strasbourg. Epilepsia 2019; 60:1378-1386. [DOI: 10.1111/epi.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Çarçak
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Istanbul University Istanbul Turkey
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Idrish Ali
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology Central Clinical School Alfred Health Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Kim Powell
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology Central Clinical School Alfred Health Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Thomas Zheng
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Filiz Onat
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
- Marmara University Epilepsy Research Center Istanbul Turkey
| | - Terence J. O'Brien
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology Central Clinical School Alfred Health Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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29
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Marks WN, Zabder NK, Greba Q, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. The T‐type calcium channel blocker Z944 reduces conditioned fear in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg and the non‐epileptic control strain. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:3046-3059. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendie N. Marks
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Nadine K. Zabder
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - Stuart M. Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Terrance P. Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - John G. Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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Marks WN, Zabder NK, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. The T-type calcium channel antagonist, Z944, alters social behavior in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg. Behav Brain Res 2019; 361:54-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Clinical and genetic study of Tunisian families with genetic generalized epilepsy: contribution of CACNA1H and MAST4 genes. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:165-178. [PMID: 29948376 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE) (childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS)) are mainly determined by genetic factors. Since few mutations were identified in rare families with autosomal dominant GGE, a polygenic inheritance was suspected in most patients. Recent studies on large American or European cohorts of sporadic cases showed that susceptibility genes were numerous although their variants were rare, making their identification difficult. Here, we reported clinical and genetic characteristics of 30 Tunisian GGE families, including 71 GGE patients. The phenotype was close to that in sporadic cases. Nineteen pedigrees had a homogeneous type of GGE (JME-CAE-CGTS), and 11 combined these epileptic syndromes. Rare non-synonymous variants were selected in probands using a targeted panel of 30 candidate genes and their segregation was determined in families. Molecular studies incriminated different genes, mainly CACNA1H and MAST4. The segregation of at least two variants in different genes in some pedigrees was compatible with the hypothesis of an oligogenic inheritance, which was in accordance with the relatively low frequency of consanguineous probands. Since at least 2 susceptibility genes were likely shared by different populations, genetic factors involved in the majority of Tunisian GGE families remain to be discovered. Their identification should be easier in families with a homogeneous type of GGE, in which an intra-familial genetic homogeneity could be suspected.
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Aguilar BL, Malkova L, N'Gouemo P, Forcelli PA. Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rats Display Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities of Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:476. [PMID: 29997563 PMCID: PMC6030811 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric comorbidities, including both anxiety and depression. Despite high occurrences of depression and anxiety seen in human epilepsy populations, little is known about the etiology of these comorbidities. Experimental models of epilepsy provide a platform to disentangle the contribution of acute seizures, genetic predisposition, and underlying circuit pathologies to anxious and depressive phenotypes. Most studies to date have focused on comorbidities in acquired epilepsies; genetic models, however, allow for the assessment of affective phenotypes that occur prior to onset of recurrent seizures. Here, we tested male and female genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-3s) and Sprague-Dawley controls in a battery of tests sensitive to anxiety-like and depressive-like phenotypes. GEPR-3s showed increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, elevated plus maze, light-dark transition test, and looming threat test. Moreover, GEPR-3s showed impaired prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex, decreased sucrose preference index, and impaired novel object recognition memory. We also characterized defense behaviors in response to stimulation thresholds of deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC), but found no difference between strains. In sum, GEPR-3s showed inherited anxiety, an effect that did not differ significantly between sexes. The anxiety phenotype in adult GEPR-3s suggests strong genetic influences that may underlie both the seizure disorder and the comorbidities seen in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ludise Malkova
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Prosper N'Gouemo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Patrick A Forcelli
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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Smirnov K, Tsvetaeva D, Sitnikova E. Neonatal whisker trimming in WAG/Rij rat pups causes developmental delay, encourages maternal care and affects exploratory activity in adulthood. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:120-131. [PMID: 29684552 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
WAG/Rij rats are genetically predisposed to absence epilepsy. Maternal behavior in WAG/Rij female rats is known to differ from that in non-epileptic females. We hypothesize that (1) mother's behavior may be changed as response to changes in pup's conditions; (2) sensory deprivation at the neonatal age affect learning and behavior in adulthood. All whiskers in WAG/Rij rat pups were trimmed daily during PN1-PN8. Maternal behavior was examined during the same period. It was found that in the control group, WAG/Rij females often demonstrated abnormally long (>1 min) repetitive purposeless stereotypical actions that were roughly classified as compulsive-like behavior. Mothers of the trimmed pups showed less compulsive-like behavior and more intensively interacted with pups and built better nests. Rat pups in the trimmed group had lower body weight on PN7-PN19 as compared to the control. In the trimmed group, maturation of motor skills and early behavioral patterns (i.e. walking, grooming, vertical activity, motor functions of forelimbs) showed 1-2 days delay in comparison to the control. At the age of 2-2.5 months, the locomotor activity in the trimmed rats differed from the control, but the level of anxiety was the same (the open field and the elevated plus maze). At the age of 6 months, the trimmed and control rats showed no differences in conditioned avoidance learning test, therefore, neonatal whisker trimming did not influence fear-based learning abilities in adulthood. It is hypothesized that an enhanced maternal care is capable to modulate development of brain functions in sensory deprived progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Smirnov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485, Russia.
| | - Daria Tsvetaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485, Russia
| | - Evgenia Sitnikova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485, Russia
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Zobeiri M, Chaudhary R, Datunashvili M, Heuermann RJ, Lüttjohann A, Narayanan V, Balfanz S, Meuth P, Chetkovich DM, Pape HC, Baumann A, van Luijtelaar G, Budde T. Modulation of thalamocortical oscillations by TRIP8b, an auxiliary subunit for HCN channels. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1537-1564. [PMID: 29168010 PMCID: PMC5869905 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation (HCN) channels have important functions in controlling neuronal excitability and generating rhythmic oscillatory activity. The role of tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein (TRIP8b) in regulation of hyperpolarization-activated inward current, I h, in the thalamocortical system and its functional relevance for the physiological thalamocortical oscillations were investigated. A significant decrease in I h current density, in both thalamocortical relay (TC) and cortical pyramidal neurons was found in TRIP8b-deficient mice (TRIP8b-/-). In addition basal cAMP levels in the brain were found to be decreased while the availability of the fast transient A-type K+ current, I A, in TC neurons was increased. These changes were associated with alterations in intrinsic properties and firing patterns of TC neurons, as well as intrathalamic and thalamocortical network oscillations, revealing a significant increase in slow oscillations in the delta frequency range (0.5-4 Hz) during episodes of active-wakefulness. In addition, absence of TRIP8b suppresses the normal desynchronization response of the EEG during the switch from slow-wave sleep to wakefulness. It is concluded that TRIP8b is necessary for the modulation of physiological thalamocortical oscillations due to its direct effect on HCN channel expression in thalamus and cortex and that mechanisms related to reduced cAMP signaling may contribute to the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Zobeiri
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Rahul Chaudhary
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maia Datunashvili
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert J Heuermann
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 60611Chicago, USA
| | - Annika Lüttjohann
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Venu Narayanan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Balfanz
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick Meuth
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dane M Chetkovich
- Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 60611Chicago, USA
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Budde
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Bombardi C, Venzi M, Crunelli V, Di Giovanni G. Developmental changes of GABA immunoreactivity in cortico-thalamic networks of an absence seizure model. Neuropharmacology 2018; 136:56-67. [PMID: 29471054 PMCID: PMC6018618 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Absence seizures (ASs) are associated with abnormalities in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in the thalamus and the cortex. In the present study, we used light microscopy GABA immunocytochemistry to quantify the GABA-immunoreactive (GABA-IR) neurons and neuropil in the thalamic ventral basal (VB) nucleus, the nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT), the dorsal lateral geniculate (dLGN), the primary motor cortex (M1) and perioral region of the somatosensory cortex (S1po) of genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). We used both the relative non-epileptic control (NEC) and normal Wistar rats as control strains, and investigated GABA immunostaining at postnatal day 15 (P15), P25, and P90. The main findings were i) an increase in GABA-IR neuropil in the VB at P25 and P90 in GAERS but not in NEC and Wistar rats; ii) an increase in NRT GABA-IR neurons in GAERS and NEC, but not Wistar, rats at both P25 and P90; and iii) an increase in GABA-IR neuron density in S1po of GAERS at P25 and P90 and in Wistar at P90. These results indicate that the increased GABAergic innervation in the VB at P25 most likely contributes to the enhanced tonic inhibition observed in GAERS prior to AS onset, whereas the lack of any anatomo-morphological GABAergic differences in GAERS S1po suggests that functional more than structural abnormalities underlie the origin of cortical paroxysms in S1po of this AS model. This article is part of the “Special Issue Dedicated to Norman G. Bowery”. GABA-IR profiles increase in P25 to P90 VB neuropil in GAERS but not in NEC and Wistar rats. NRT GABA-IR neurons increase in P25 and P90 GAERS and NEC, but not in Wistar rats. GABA-IR neuron density increases in S1po of GAERS at P25 and P90 and in Wistar at P90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bombardi
- University of Bologna, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Venzi
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Malta.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Neuroscience Division, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Malta.
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Pathophysiology of absence epilepsy: Insights from genetic models. Neurosci Lett 2018; 667:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Henbid MT, Marks WN, Collins MJ, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. Sociability impairments in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg: Reversal by the T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944. Exp Neurol 2017; 296:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Casillas-Espinosa PM, Powell KL, Zhu M, Campbell CR, Maia JM, Ren Z, Jones NC, O’Brien TJ, Petrovski S. Evaluating whole genome sequence data from the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg and its related non-epileptic strain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179924. [PMID: 28708842 PMCID: PMC5510834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) are an inbreed Wistar rat strain widely used as a model of genetic generalised epilepsy with absence seizures. As in humans, the genetic architecture that results in genetic generalized epilepsy in GAERS is poorly understood. Here we present the strain-specific variants found among the epileptic GAERS and their related Non-Epileptic Control (NEC) strain. The GAERS and NEC represent a powerful opportunity to identify neurobiological factors that are associated with the genetic generalised epilepsy phenotype. METHODS We performed whole genome sequencing on adult epileptic GAERS and adult NEC rats, a strain derived from the same original Wistar colony. We also generated whole genome sequencing on four double-crossed (GAERS with NEC) F2 selected for high-seizing (n = 2) and non-seizing (n = 2) phenotypes. RESULTS Specific to the GAERS genome, we identified 1.12 million single nucleotide variants, 296.5K short insertion-deletions, and 354 putative copy number variants that result in complete or partial loss/duplication of 41 genes. Of the GAERS-specific variants that met high quality criteria, 25 are annotated as stop codon gain/loss, 56 as putative essential splice sites, and 56 indels are predicted to result in a frameshift. Subsequent screening against the two F2 progeny sequenced for having the highest and two F2 progeny for having the lowest seizure burden identified only the selected Cacna1h GAERS-private protein-coding variant as exclusively co-segregating with the two high-seizing F2 rats. SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights an approach for using whole genome sequencing to narrow down to a manageable candidate list of genetic variants in a complex genetic epilepsy animal model, and suggests utility of this sequencing design to investigate other spontaneously occurring animal models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M. Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L. Powell
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mingfu Zhu
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - C. Ryan Campbell
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. Maia
- BD Technologies, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nigel C. Jones
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J. O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Garcia-Cairasco N, Umeoka EHL, Cortes de Oliveira JA. The Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain and its contributions to epileptology and related comorbidities: History and perspectives. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 71:250-273. [PMID: 28506440 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the context of modeling epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities, we review the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR), first introduced to the neuroscience international community more than 25years ago. The WAR strain is a genetically selected reflex model susceptible to audiogenic seizures (AS), acutely mimicking brainstem-dependent tonic-clonic seizures and chronically (by audiogenic kindling), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Seminal neuroethological, electrophysiological, cellular, and molecular protocols support the WAR strain as a suitable and reliable animal model to study the complexity and emergent functions typical of epileptogenic networks. Furthermore, since epilepsy comorbidities have emerged as a hot topic in epilepsy research, we discuss the use of WARs in fields such as neuropsychiatry, memory and learning, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and cardio-respiratory autonomic regulation. Last, but not least, we propose that this strain be used in "omics" studies, as well as with the most advanced molecular and computational modeling techniques. Collectively, pioneering and recent findings reinforce the complexity associated with WAR alterations, consequent to the combination of their genetically-dependent background and seizure profile. To add to previous studies, we are currently developing more powerful behavioral, EEG, and molecular methods, combined with computational neuroscience/network modeling tools, to further increase the WAR strain's contributions to contemporary neuroscience in addition to increasing knowledge in a wide array of neuropsychiatric and other comorbidities, given shared neural networks. During the many years that the WAR strain has been studied, a constantly expanding network of multidisciplinary collaborators has generated a growing research and knowledge network. Our current and major wish is to make the WARs available internationally to share our knowledge and to facilitate the planning and execution of multi-institutional projects, eagerly needed to contribute to paradigm shifts in epileptology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Genetic and Reflex Epilepsies, Audiogenic Seizures and Strains: From Experimental Models to the Clinic".
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo H L Umeoka
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Dezsi G, Sieg F, Thomas M, O’Brien TJ, van der Hart M, Jones NC. Disease-Modifying Effects of Neural Regeneration Peptide 2945 in the GAERS Model of Absence Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2055-2064. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Marks WN, Greba Q, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. The T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 disrupts prepulse inhibition in both epileptic and non-epileptic rats. Neuroscience 2016; 332:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Marks WN, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. The T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 rescues impairments in crossmodal and visual recognition memory in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:106-15. [PMID: 27282256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is often comorbid with behavioral and cognitive symptoms, including impaired visual memory. Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) is an animal model closely resembling CAE; however, cognition in GAERS is poorly understood. Crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) is a recently developed memory task that examines not only purely visual and tactile memory, but also requires rodents to integrate sensory information about objects gained from tactile exploration to enable visual recognition. Both the visual and crossmodal variations of the CMOR task rely on the perirhinal cortex, an area with dense expression of T-type calcium channels. GAERS express a gain-in-function missense mutation in the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel gene. Therefore, we tested whether the T-type calcium channel blocker Z944 dose dependently (1, 3, 10mg/kg; i.p.) altered CMOR memory in GAERS compared to the non-epileptic control (NEC) strain. GAERS demonstrated recognition memory deficits in the visual and crossmodal variations of the CMOR task that were reversed by the highest dose of Z944. Electroencephalogram recordings determined that deficits in CMOR memory in GAERS were not the result of seizures during task performance. In contrast, NEC showed a decrease in CMOR memory following Z944 treatment. These findings suggest that T-type calcium channels mediate CMOR in both the GAERS and NEC strains. Future research into the therapeutic potential of T-type calcium channel regulation may be particularly fruitful for the treatment of CAE and other disorders characterized by visual memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendie N Marks
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Stuart M Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Sarkissova KY, Fedotova IB, Surina NM, Nikolaev GM, Perepelkina OV, Poletaeva II. Effect of chronic fluoxetine treatment on audiogenic epilepsy, symptoms of anxiety and depression in rats of four lines. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2016; 467:55-8. [PMID: 27193875 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496616020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety (Anx) and depression (Dp) levels were evaluated in rats of 4 lines: 2 of them (KM and "4") exhibited audiogenic seizures (AS), and 2 (Wistar and "0") had no AS. In KM rats (with AS), Anx and Dp levels were higher than in Wistars (without AS), while in "4" and "0" rats with the related genetic background but contrasting in AS severity, Anx and Dp indices were not different. Fluoxetine treatment exerted antidepressant effect in all rat lines irrespective of its effect on AS. Thus, phenotypic expression of AS is not directly associated with the mechanisms of Anx and Dp development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yu Sarkissova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Dezsi G, Ozturk E, Salzberg MR, Morris M, O'Brien TJ, Jones NC. Environmental enrichment imparts disease-modifying and transgenerational effects on genetically-determined epilepsy and anxiety. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 93:129-36. [PMID: 27185593 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The absence epilepsies are presumed to be caused by genetic factors, but the influence of environmental exposures on epilepsy development and severity, and whether this influence is transmitted to subsequent generations, is not well known. We assessed the effects of environmental enrichment on epilepsy and anxiety outcomes in multiple generations of GAERS - a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy that manifests comorbid elevated anxiety-like behaviour. METHODS GAERS were exposed to environmental enrichment or standard housing beginning either prior to, or after epilepsy onset, and underwent EEG recordings and anxiety testing. Then, we exposed male GAERS to early enrichment or standard housing and generated F1 progeny, which also underwent EEG recordings. Hippocampal CRH mRNA expression and DNA methylation were assessed using RT-PCR and pyrosequencing, respectively. RESULTS Early environmental enrichment delayed the onset of epilepsy in GAERS, and resulted in fewer seizures in adulthood, compared with standard housed GAERS. Enrichment also reduced the frequency of seizures when initiated in adulthood. Anxiety levels were reduced by enrichment, and these anti-epileptogenic and anxiolytic effects were heritable into the next generation. We also found reduced expression of CRH mRNA in GAERS exposed to enrichment, but this was not due to changes in DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS Environmental enrichment produces disease-modifying effects on genetically determined absence epilepsy and anxiety, and these beneficial effects are transferable to the subsequent generation. Reduced CRH expression was associated with these phenotypic improvements. Environmental stimulation holds promise as a naturalistic therapy for genetically determined epilepsy which may benefit subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabi Dezsi
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ezgi Ozturk
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R Salzberg
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Morris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Goldman AM, LaFrance WC, Benke T, Asato M, Drane D, Pack A, Syed T, Doss R, Lhatoo S, Fureman B, Dingledine R. 2014 Epilepsy Benchmarks Area IV: Limit or Prevent Adverse Consequence of Seizures and Their Treatment Across The Lifespan. Epilepsy Curr 2016; 16:198-205. [PMID: 27330453 PMCID: PMC4913859 DOI: 10.5698/1535-7511-16.3.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alica M. Goldman
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NB222, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W. Curt LaFrance
- Associate Professor, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence RI 02903-4923 USA
| | - Tim Benke
- Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Pharmacology and Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Miya Asato
- Associate Professor, Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Divisionof Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dan Drane
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Alison Pack
- Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Tanvir Syed
- Assistant Professor of Neurology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert Doss
- Clinical Neuropsychologist, Minnesota Epilepsy Group, P.A., St. Paul, MN and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MN
| | - Samden Lhatoo
- Professor and Chair, Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brandy Fureman
- Program Director, Channels Synapses and Circuits Cluster, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ray Dingledine
- Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - for the American Epilepsy Society (AES)/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Epilepsy Benchmark Stewards.
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NB222, Houston, TX, USA
- Associate Professor, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence RI 02903-4923 USA
- Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Pharmacology and Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
- Associate Professor, Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Divisionof Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine
- Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Assistant Professor of Neurology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Clinical Neuropsychologist, Minnesota Epilepsy Group, P.A., St. Paul, MN and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MN
- Professor and Chair, Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
- Program Director, Channels Synapses and Circuits Cluster, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta GA
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Marks WN, Cavanagh ME, Greba Q, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. The Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg model of absence epilepsy exhibits alterations in fear conditioning and latent inhibition consistent with psychiatric comorbidities in humans. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 43:25-40. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendie N. Marks
- Department of Physiology; University of Saskatchewan; GB33, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E5
| | - Mary E. Cavanagh
- Department of Physiology; University of Saskatchewan; GB33, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E5
| | - Quentin Greba
- Department of Physiology; University of Saskatchewan; GB33, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E5
| | - Stuart M. Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Terrance P. Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - John G. Howland
- Department of Physiology; University of Saskatchewan; GB33, Health Sciences Building, 107 Wiggins Road Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E5
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Jiang Y, Pun RYK, Peariso K, Holland KD, Lian Q, Danzer SC. Olfactory Bulbectomy Leads to the Development of Epilepsy in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138178. [PMID: 26368332 PMCID: PMC4569065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear link between epilepsy and depression. Clinical data demonstrate a 30-35% lifetime prevalence of depression in patients with epilepsy, and patients diagnosed with depression have a three to sevenfold higher risk of developing epilepsy. Traditional epilepsy models partially replicate the clinical observations, with the demonstration of depressive traits in epileptic animals. Studies assessing pro-epileptogenic changes in models of depression, however, are more limited. Here, we examined whether a traditional rodent depression model--bilateral olfactory bulbectomy--predisposes the animals towards the development of epilepsy. Past studies have demonstrated increased neuronal excitability after bulbectomy, but continuous seizure monitoring had not been conducted. For the present study, we monitored control and bulbectomized animals by video-EEG 24/7 for approximately two weeks following the surgery to determine whether they develop spontaneous seizures. All seven bulbectomized mice exhibited seizures during the monitoring period. Seizures began about one week after surgery, and occurred in clusters with severity increasing over the monitoring period. These results suggest that olfactory bulbectomy could be a useful model of TBI-induced epilepsy, with advantages of relatively rapid seizure onset and a high number of individuals developing the disease. The model may also be useful for investigating the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional relationship between epilepsy and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Raymund Y. K. Pun
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Katrina Peariso
- Division of Neurocritical Care, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Katherine D. Holland
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Steve C. Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Depaulis A, David O, Charpier S. The genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg as a model to decipher the neuronal and network mechanisms of generalized idiopathic epilepsies. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 260:159-74. [PMID: 26068173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
First characterized in 1982, the genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) has emerged as an animal model highly reminiscent of a specific form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Both its electrophysiological (spike-and-wave discharges) and behavioral (behavioral arrest) features fit well with those observed in human patients with typical absence epilepsy and required by clinicians for diagnostic purposes. In addition, its sensitivity to antiepileptic drugs closely matches what has been described in the clinic, making this model one of the most predictive. Here, we report how the GAERS, thanks to its spontaneous, highly recurrent and easily recognizable seizures on electroencephalographic recordings, allows to address several key-questions about the pathophysiology and genetics of absence epilepsy. In particular, it offers the unique possibility to explore simultaneously the neural circuits involved in the generation of seizures at different levels of integration, using multiscale methodologies, from intracellular recording to functional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, it has recently allowed to perform proofs of concept for innovative therapeutic strategies such as responsive deep brain stimulation or synchrotron-generated irradiation based radiosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Depaulis
- Inserm, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Michallon, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier David
- Inserm, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Charpier
- Brain and Spine Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
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Fauvelle F, Boccard J, Cavarec F, Depaulis A, Deransart C. Assessing Susceptibility to Epilepsy in Three Rat Strains Using Brain Metabolic Profiling Based on HRMAS NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2177-89. [PMID: 25761974 DOI: 10.1021/pr501309b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that a metabolomic approach can inform about the pathophysiology of a given form of epilepsy was addressed. Using chemometric analyses of HRMAS NMR data, we compared several brain structures in three rat strains with different susceptibilities to absence epilepsy: Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), Non Epileptic Control rats (NEC), and Wistar rats. Two ages were investigated: 14 days postnatal (P14) before the onset of seizures and 5 month old adults with fully developed seizures (Adults). The relative concentrations of 19 metabolites were assessed using (1)H HRMAS NMR experiments. Univariate and multivariate analyses including multiblock models were used to identify the most discriminant metabolites. A strain-dependent evolution of glutamate, glutamine, scyllo-inositol, alanine, and glutathione was highlighted during cerebral maturation. In Adults, data from somatosensory and motor cortices allowed discrimination between GAERS and NEC rats with higher levels of scyllo-inositol, taurine, and phosphoethanolamine in NEC. This epileptic metabolic phenotype was in accordance with current pathophysiological hypothesis of absence epilepsy (i.e., seizure-generating and control networks) and putative resistance of NEC rats and was observed before seizure onset. This methodology could be very efficient in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fauvelle
- †IRBA, 91223 Bretigny sur Orgne, France.,‡Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe MRI facility, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,ΨCNRS, UIMS 3552, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,¶INSERM, US17, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,§INSERM U836, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Boccard
- #School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Cavarec
- §INSERM U836, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,∥Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- §INSERM U836, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,∥Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,⊥Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Colin Deransart
- §INSERM U836, F-38042 Grenoble, France.,∥Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,⊥Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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