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Immens MH, Ekker MS, Verburgt E, Verhoeven JI, Schellekens MM, Hilkens NA, Boot EM, Van Alebeek ME, Brouwers PJ, Arntz RM, Van Dijk GW, Gons RA, Van Uden IW, den Heijer T, de Kort PL, de Laat KF, Van Norden AG, Vermeer SE, Van Zagten MS, Van Oostenbrugge RJ, Wermer MJ, Nederkoorn PJ, Kerkhoff H, Rooyer FA, Van Rooij FG, Van den Wijngaard IR, Klijn CJ, Tuladhar AM, Ten Cate TJ, de Leeuw FE. Trigger factors in patients with a patent foramen ovale-associated stroke: A case-crossover study. Int J Stroke 2024:17474930241242625. [PMID: 38497344 DOI: 10.1177/17474930241242625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital anatomical variant which is associated with strokes in young adults. Contrary to vascular risk factors and atherosclerosis, a PFO is present from birth. However, it is completely unknown how an anatomical structure that is already present at birth in a large proportion of the population can convert into a PFO that causes stroke in a few. Recent studies reported a significant association between certain trigger factors and ischemic stroke in young adults. This study aims to investigate these triggers in PFO-associated stroke. METHODS The ODYSSEY study, a multicenter prospective cohort study between 2013 and 2021, included patients aged 18-49 years experiencing their first-ever ischemic event. Participants completed a questionnaire about exposure to potential trigger factors. A case-crossover design was used to assess the relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The primary outcome was the RR of potential trigger factors for PFO-associated stroke. RESULTS Overall, 1043 patients completed the questionnaire and had an ischemic stroke, of which 124 patients had a PFO-associated stroke (median age 42.1 years, 45.2% men). For patients with PFO-associated stroke, the RR was 26.0 (95% CI 8.0-128.2) for fever, 24.2 (95% CI 8.5-68.7) for flu-like disease, and 3.31 (95% CI 2.2-5.1) for vigorous exercise. CONCLUSION In conclusion, flu-like disease, fever, and vigorous exercise may convert an asymptomatic PFO into a stroke-causing PFO in young adults. DATA ACCESS STATEMENT The raw and anonymized data used in this study can be made available to other researchers on request. Written proposals can be addressed to the corresponding author and will be assessed by the ODYSSEY investigators for appropriateness of use, and a data sharing agreement in accordance with Dutch regulations will be put in place before data are shared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel Hm Immens
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel S Ekker
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Verburgt
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie I Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mijntje Mi Schellekens
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina A Hilkens
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M Boot
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Jam Brouwers
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Renate M Arntz
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert W Van Dijk
- Department of Neurology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ar Gons
- Department of Neurology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Wm Van Uden
- Department of Neurology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tom den Heijer
- Department of Neurology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Lm de Kort
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - K F de Laat
- Department of Neurology, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah E Vermeer
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Sg Van Zagten
- Department of Neurology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marieke Jh Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Nederkoorn
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Kerkhoff
- Department of Neurology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F A Rooyer
- Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Hospital, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G Van Rooij
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Catharina Jm Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Jf Ten Cate
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Shams RB, Sayed CJ. Patient-reported exacerbating factors for hidradenitis suppurativa: A cross sectional study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00543-7. [PMID: 38556091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayad B Shams
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Christopher J Sayed
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Moro F, Sinagra JLM, Salemme A, Fania L, Mariotti F, Pira A, Didona B, Di Zenzo G. Pemphigus: trigger and predisposing factors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1326359. [PMID: 38213911 PMCID: PMC10783816 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1326359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease affecting skin and mucous membranes. Despite its etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown, several trigger and predisposing factors have been reported. Pemphigus is caused by autoantibodies that target desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3, impacting desmosome function. However, circulating autoantibodies are often the consequence of a precipitating factor that occurs in predisposed individuals. This review aims to describe and discuss almost all trigger and predisposing factors reported as possible or probable cause of the disease. Among the reported trigger factors that may induce or exacerbate pemphigus, we have found of particular interest: drug intake (especially thiol- and phenol-containing compounds), vaccines, infections, as well as some reports about pregnancy, radiations, emotional stress, pesticides and physical trauma. Moreover, we discuss the possible role of food intake in pemphigus onset and particular attention is given to dietary factors containing thiol, phenol and tannin compounds. A trigger factor is "the straw that breaks the camel's back," and often acts together with predisposing factors. Here we discuss how pemphigus onset may be influenced by genetic susceptibility and comorbidities like thyroid diseases, malignancies and other autoimmune disorders. To identify other hitherto unknown trigger and predisposing factors, well designed prospective studies are needed. In this context, future research should explore their connection with the aim to advance our understanding of pemphigus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moro
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jo Linda Maria Sinagra
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatology Clinic, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Salemme
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fania
- Dermatology Clinic, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Feliciana Mariotti
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pira
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Didona
- Rare Diseases Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Zenzo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Zakynthinos GE, Tsolaki V, Oikonomou E, Vavouranakis M, Siasos G, Zakynthinos E. New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6989. [PMID: 38002603 PMCID: PMC10672690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12226989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is the most frequently encountered cardiac arrhythmia observed in patients with COVID-19 infection, particularly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. The purpose of the present review is to delve into the occurrence of NOAF in COVID-19 and thoroughly review recent, pertinent data. However, the causality behind this connection has yet to be thoroughly explored. The proposed mechanisms that could contribute to the development of AF in these patients include myocardial damage resulting from direct virus-induced cardiac injury, potentially leading to perimyocarditis; a cytokine crisis and heightened inflammatory response; hypoxemia due to acute respiratory distress; disturbances in acid-base and electrolyte levels; as well as the frequent use of adrenergic drugs in critically ill patients. Additionally, secondary bacterial sepsis and septic shock have been suggested as primary causes of NOAF in ICU patients. This notion gains strength from the observation of a similar prevalence of NOAF in septic non-COVID ICU patients with ARDS. It is plausible that both myocardial involvement from SARS-CoV-2 and secondary sepsis play pivotal roles in the onset of arrhythmia in ICU patients. Nonetheless, there exists a significant variation in the prevalence of NOAF among studies focused on severe COVID-19 cases with ARDS. This discrepancy could be attributed to the inclusion of mixed populations with varying degrees of illness severity, encompassing not only patients in general wards but also those admitted to the ICU, whether intubated or not. Furthermore, the occurrence of NOAF is linked to increased morbidity and mortality. However, it remains to be determined whether NOAF independently influences outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 ICU patients or if it merely reflects the disease's severity. Lastly, the management of NOAF in these patients has not been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the current guidelines for NOAF in non-COVID ICU patients appear to be effective, while accounting for the specific drugs used in COVID-19 treatment that may prolong the QT interval (although drugs like lopinavir/ritonavir, hydrochlorothiazide, and azithromycin have been discontinued) or induce bradycardia (e.g., remdesivir).
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Affiliation(s)
- George E. Zakynthinos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, “Sotiria” Chest Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.E.Z.); (E.O.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Vasiliki Tsolaki
- Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, “Sotiria” Chest Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.E.Z.); (E.O.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Manolis Vavouranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, “Sotiria” Chest Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.E.Z.); (E.O.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, “Sotiria” Chest Diseases Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.E.Z.); (E.O.); (M.V.); (G.S.)
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Epaminondas Zakynthinos
- Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
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Taheri S, Peters N, Zietz A, Abel B, Hubert G, Barinka F, Wiestler H, Kovacic I, Linker R, Schlachetzki F, Backhaus R. Clinical Course and Recurrence in Transient Global Amnesia: A Study From the TEMPiS Telestroke Network. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:530-538. [PMID: 37455507 PMCID: PMC10622726 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE While the clinical hallmarks of transient global amnesia (TGA) are well defined, its pathophysiological causes are poorly understood. Specifically, risk factors for recurrences are yet to be determined. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed TGA cases diagnosed and treated within the TEMPiS telestroke network and a university stroke center in Germany. Demographic and clinical data were assessed and characteristics of TGA episodes were recorded, such as season of occurrence, trigger factors, duration, and concomitant symptoms. Follow-up of the potential recurrence of TGA was performed using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS Overall 109 patients were included (age 64±8 years [mean±SD], 59.6% female). The most common vascular risk factor was arterial hypertension (60.6%), and other concomitant conditions included migraine (11.9%), hypothyroidism (22.9%), and atrial fibrillation (4.6%). The most frequent concomitant clinical feature accompanying the TGA episode at admission was elevated blood pressure (48.6%). Nineteen patients experienced at least one recurrent TGA episode. Migraine and hypothyroidism were only observed in subjects with a single TGA episode without recurrence (migraine: 14.4% without recurrence vs. none in the recurrence group, p=0.02; hypothyroidism: 27.8% without recurrence vs. none in the recurrence group, p=0.009). In contrast, atrial fibrillation was more common in subjects with TGA recurrence (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Arterial hypertension is prevalent in TGA patients, with elevated blood pressure being the most-frequent concomitant condition. In our cohort, recurrence of TGA occurred in approximately one-fifth of patients. Concomitant conditions such as migraine, hypothyroidism, and atrial fibrillation occurred at different frequencies in the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Taheri
- Stroke Center, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nils Peters
- Stroke Center, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Annaelle Zietz
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Berthold Abel
- Stroke Center, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gordian Hubert
- Department of Neurology, TEMPiS Telemedical Stroke Center, München Klinik Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Filip Barinka
- Stroke Center, Klinik Hirslanden, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, TEMPiS Telemedical Stroke Center, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hanni Wiestler
- Department of Neurology, TEMPiS Telemedical Stroke Center, München Klinik Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Irena Kovacic
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, TEMPiS Telemedical Stroke Center, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Linker
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, TEMPiS Telemedical Stroke Center, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Schlachetzki
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, TEMPiS Telemedical Stroke Center, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Backhaus
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, TEMPiS Telemedical Stroke Center, Medbo Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Swiss Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
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Haghdoost F, Togha M. Migraine management: Non-pharmacological points for patients and health care professionals. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:1869-1882. [PMID: 36475060 PMCID: PMC9691984 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder with an enormous burden on societies. Different types of medications are used for controlling both acute attacks and prevention. This article reviews some non-pharmacological recommendations aiming to manage migraine disorder better and prevent headache attacks. Different triggers of migraine headache attacks, including environmental factors, sleep pattern changes, diet, physical activity, stress and anxiety, some medications, and hormonal changes, are discussed. It is advised that they be identified and managed. Patients should learn the skills to cope with the trigger factors that are difficult to avoid. In addition, weight control, management of migraine comorbidities, lifestyle modification, behavioural treatment and biofeedback, patient education, using headache diaries, and improving patients' knowledge about the disease are recommended to be parts of migraine management. In addition, using neuromodulation techniques, dietary supplements such as riboflavin, coenzyme Q10 and magnesium, and acupuncture can be helpful. Non-pharmacological approaches should be considered in migraine management. Furthermore, the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches is more effective than using each separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraidoon Haghdoost
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran, Iran
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mansoureh Togha
- Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Headache Department, Neurology Ward, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rosi E, Fastame MT, Silvi G, Guerra P, Nunziati G, Di Cesare A, Scandagli I, Ricceri F, Prignano F. Hidradenitis Suppurativa: The Influence of Gender, the Importance of Trigger Factors and the Implications for Patient Habits. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36428540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating, chronic, inflammatory skin disease primarily affecting apocrine gland-rich areas of the body. On the one hand, the presence of triggering factors-some identified, others only hypothesized-may initiate or perpetuate the pathogenic process of HS. In addition to cigarette smoking and diet, other trigger factors, including choice of clothing, are frequently observed in clinical practice. On the other hand, the presence of disease may influence habits of HS patients. Indeed, high incidences of sexual and sleep impairment have been reported in these patients. Consequently, alcohol and substance abuse may be a coping strategy for the emotional and psychological disease burden. Furthermore, a greater awareness of gender differences in HS may be important for dermatologists in their own clinical practice (i.e., pregnancy and breastfeeding). Consequently, in this loop interaction, comprehensive knowledge of all factors involved is crucial for the management of HS patients. Thus, the objective of this review is to (i) discuss the influence of gender on HS, (ii) summarize the most frequent triggering factors of HS and (iii) analyze the impact of HS on patient habits.
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TIZEK L, WECKER H, SCHNEIDER S, JOHANSSON EK, GIRMAY Y, ZINK A. Eczema-related Web Search Data in Sweden: Investigating Search Patterns and the Influence of Weather. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00810. [PMID: 36065747 PMCID: PMC9811297 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As atopic eczema is triggered by environmental factors, such as temperature, differences in disease burden between and within countries are possible. One method to study this phenomenon is to perform web-search analysis, since the internet is commonly used to retrieve health-related information. This study, investigating the Google search volume regarding eczema in Swedish counties between April 2017 and March 2021, revealed a continuous increase in number of searches and that the search volume was higher in Northern than Southern Sweden. Gotland had the most searches per 100,000 inhabitants. In general, there was a negative correlation between search volume and temperature (r=-0.315, p < 0.001) and hours of sunshine (r=-0.213, p < 0.001), whereas there was a positive association between search volume and wind (r=0.229, p < 0.001). Search engine analysis is a rapid and cost-effective method of examining search behaviour regarding disease among the general population within a country and, thus, can enable the identification of regions with specific interests and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda TIZEK
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah WECKER
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon SCHNEIDER
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Emma K. JOHANSSON
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yodit GIRMAY
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander ZINK
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
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Guruswamy A, Swamy S, Kurpad KP. Clinical Profile of Tension Type Headache in a Medical College with Special Emphasis on Triggering Factors. Neurol India 2022; 70:1958-1962. [PMID: 36352594 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.359261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Tension type headache is one of the costliest primary headaches which can cause a significant impact on an individual's life. Healthcare professionals are exposed to multiple trigger factors which give rise to an increase in headache frequency, most notable reasons being sleep disturbances, stress and untimely food habits. With this background, we conducted this study of detailed clinical profile and trigger factors among the 2050 subjects (MBBS students: 909, BDS students: 323, nursing students: 268, postgraduates students and staff: 550) in our medical institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were given questionnaires on headache and were instructed to give the details of their clinical symptoms along with relevant questions on trigger factors. The assessment tools used were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS). RESULTS Out of 2050 subjects, 464 patients suffered from tension type headache. Overall prevalence of tension type headache was 22.6%. Prevalence was higher in females (57.9%) as compared to males (42.1%). Headache experienced by majority of the student population was unilateral (31.4%), pulsating type (51.6%) and of moderate intensity (77.1%). Common associated symptoms were nausea associated with other factors (40%) and photophobia and phonophobia (18.6%). Stress (72.1%) and decreased sleep (49.4%) were the most common triggering factors. Practice of self-medication was reported by 80.2% of subjects. CONCLUSION Our study noted a high frequency of trigger factors in medical professionals, the most common triggering factors being stress and disturbed sleep. To our knowledge this is the first large study to evaluate headache and specifically tension type headache among medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Guruswamy
- Department of Neurology, Columbia Asia Hospital Hebbal; Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Student, DM Neurology at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreekanta Swamy
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Student, DM Neurology at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Moro F, Fania L, Sinagra JLM, Salemme A, Di Zenzo G. Bullous Pemphigoid: Trigger and Predisposing Factors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1432. [PMID: 33050407 PMCID: PMC7600534 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most frequent autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease provoked by autoantibodies directed against two hemidesmosomal proteins: BP180 and BP230. Its pathogenesis depends on the interaction between predisposing factors, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, comorbidities, aging, and trigger factors. Several trigger factors, such as drugs, thermal or electrical burns, surgical procedures, trauma, ultraviolet irradiation, radiotherapy, chemical preparations, transplants, and infections may induce or exacerbate BP disease. Identification of predisposing and trigger factors can increase the understanding of BP pathogenesis. Furthermore, an accurate anamnesis focused on the recognition of a possible trigger factor can improve prognosis by promptly removing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moro
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-(342)-802-0004 (F.M.)
| | - Luca Fania
- Correspondence: (F.M.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-(342)-802-0004 (F.M.)
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Bansal P, Sardana K, Vats G, Sharma L, Garga UC, Khurana A. A Prospective Study Examining Trigger Factors and Hormonal Abnormalities in Adult Female Acne. Indian Dermatol Online J 2020; 11:544-550. [PMID: 32832440 PMCID: PMC7413461 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_500_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous triggers have been implicated in adult female acne including endogenous (hormonal dysfunction and genetic predisposition) and exogenous causes (drugs, cosmetics, sunscreens, stress, and smoking). Aims: To evaluate the role of various trigger factors in adult female acne and to analyze the androgenic hormone pattern including anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in these patients. Materials and Methods: Patients having acne of age ≥25 years were analyzed using a pre devised proforma to elicit trigger factors while the severity was graded using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). A detailed hormonal assessment was undertaken that assessed total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI), AMH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin. Results: Out of the 165 cases seen and sub-analyzed for triggers, premenstrual flare, diet, cosmetics, and stress were the most commonly implicated causes. Among cosmetics, fairness creams and foundations were implicated. The hormonal analysis revealed deranged values of all hormones with the most common being 17-OHP and AMH. Almost 42.8% patients with DHEAS derangement and 58.75% females with raised 17-OHP suffered from moderate to severe stress. Limitations: A prospective cohort correlation study of the implicated triggers is needed to confirm the association with adult female acne. Conclusions: Adult female acne may be triggered by diet, stress, and cosmetics and there is a distinct hormonal milieu that accounts for hyperandrogenemia. We noted high levels of adrenal androgens which have been known to be associated with stress and sleep deprivation. Our study shows the value of counseling adult female acne patients about various acne triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prekshi Bansal
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Vats
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Umesh Chandra Garga
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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Smedler E, Sparding T, Hattab A, Sellgren CM, Landén M. Reporting trigger factors for (hypo)manic episodes in bipolar disorder: association with personality and prognosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2020; 141:534-540. [PMID: 32306385 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate external factors that trigger manic and hypomanic relapses and how this is associated with personality and clinical outcome measured as number of affective episodes over a 7-year period. METHOD This is a prospective cohort study of 204 meticulously characterized Swedish bipolar disorder patients. Personality was evaluated at baseline using the Swedish universities Scales of Personality in 170 patients, and 90 patients were followed up after approximately 7 years in order to evaluate clinical outcomes. RESULTS We found that 44% of the patients reported trigger factors, including sleep disturbance, work- or family-related issues, medication, and illicit drug use. There were no significant differences in any of the personality traits when comparing the 74 patients that reported triggers with the 90 patients that did not. At 7-year follow-up, there was no difference between the groups in number of affective episodes (depressive, hypomanic, manic, or mixed), involuntary commitments, suicide attempts, or self-harm incidents since baseline. CONCLUSIONS Around 40% of the patients reported external triggers for manic and hypomanic episodes. However, this was neither associated with personality traits nor number of affective episodes at 7-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smedler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Sparding
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Hattab
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Landén
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry at Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Talarico V, Marseglia GL, Lanari M, Esposito S, Masi S, De Filippo M, Gallelli L, Licari A, Lubrano R, Zampogna S. Pediatric urticaria in the Emergency Department: epidemiological characteristics and predictive factors for its persistence in children. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 53:80-85. [PMID: 32372590 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary Introduction. Acute urticaria (AU) in children is a common clinical manifestation responsible for admission to the emergency department (ED). We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of AU in children and to identify predictors of both severity and progression. Material and methods. We evaluated 314 children admitted to the ED with a diagnosis of AU. We analyzed information concerning its onset, duration, severity, possible triggering factors, and the persistence of symptoms after 1, 3, and 6 months. Results. The most common etiological factors were infections (43.9%); in up to 32.4% of cases, AU was considered as idiopathic. AU was significantly most common in males and pre-school children. At the 6-month follow-up, 9.5% of children presented a persistence of urticaria, mainly those with contact (44.4%) or idiopathic (30.4%) forms. Conclusions. The AU etiology identified by history in the ED may be a significant predictor of persistence after a first attack of AU.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Talarico
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - G L Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Lanari
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Masi
- Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Hospital and University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - M De Filippo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Gallelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - A Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Lubrano
- Department of Pediatrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Hospital of Latina, Latina, Italy
| | - S Zampogna
- Department of Pediatrics, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Chądzyński P, Kacprzak A, Domitrz W, Domitrz I. Migraine headache facilitators in a population of Polish women and their association with migraine occurrence - preliminary results. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2019; 53:377-383. [PMID: 31592536 DOI: 10.5603/pjnns.a2019.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY . The occurrence of migraine is linked with some common lifestyle activities and conditions preceding the attack. Our study presents known and presumptive lifestyle factors and activities related to migraine, and compares them to the frequency of headache attacks. MATERIAL AND METHODS 40 female patients of the Headache Outpatient Clinic in Warsaw, Poland, diagnosed with migraine, mean age 44.6 years, and 40 female participants from the control group, mean age 39.5 years, were included in the study. The study employed questionnaires reporting the presence of lifestyle factors and socioeconomic predispositions as well as the Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) as data collection methods. RESULTS Correlations between some of the lifestyle factors and the frequency of migraines occurred statistically significantly. CONCLUSIONS Some factors and lifestyle activities such as stress, relaxation, specific dietary products, fasting, fatigue, bright light, noise, weather changes or menstruation may have an influence on migraine frequency and severity in female patients, which can have an impact on migraine prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wojciech Domitrz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
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Takemaru M, Shimoe Y, Sato K, Hashiguchi A, Takashima H, Kuriyama M. [Transient, recurrent, white matter lesions in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with heterozygote mutation of GJB1 gene: case report of a female patient]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018; 58:302-307. [PMID: 29710024 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 32-year-old woman showed transient central type facial nerve palsy and bulbar symptoms. Brain MRI revealed high intensity signals in the cerebral white matter, splenium of corpus callosum, and posterior limb of internal capsule. Two elder brothers of the patient had distal dominant peripheral neuropathies in four limbs. In this family, the point mutation of GJB1 gene, encoding connexin 32, was revealed and X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1) was diagnosed. The presented case was a heterozygote of this mutation. She showed severe transient central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and subclinical demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. The CNS symptoms and alterations of brain images were very similar among three siblings. There are many reports on male patients with CMTX1 who show associated CN symptoms, but female patients are very rare. There has been no previous report of a CMTX1 patient similar to the patient presented here. The trigger factors have been recognized at the onset of transient CN symptoms in these cases. The prevention of these factors is important for the management of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takemaru
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center, Ota Memorial Hospital
| | - Yutaka Shimoe
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center, Ota Memorial Hospital
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center, Ota Memorial Hospital
- Present address: Department of Neurology, Okayama University Hospital
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences
| | - Masaru Kuriyama
- Department of Neurology, Brain Attack Center, Ota Memorial Hospital
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Steinberg A, Fourier C, Ran C, Waldenlind E, Sjöstrand C, Belin AC. Cluster headache - clinical pattern and a new severity scale in a Swedish cohort. Cephalalgia 2017; 38:1286-1295. [PMID: 28906127 DOI: 10.1177/0333102417731773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate clinical features of a cluster headache cohort in Sweden and to construct and test a new scale for grading severity. Methods Subjects were identified by screening medical records for the ICD 10 code G44.0, that is, cluster headache. Five hundred participating research subjects filled in a questionnaire including personal, demographic and medical aspects. We constructed a novel scale for grading cluster headache in this cohort: The Cluster Headache Severity Scale, which included number of attacks per day, attack and period duration. The lowest total score was three and the highest 12, and we used the Cluster Headache Severity Scale to grade subjects suffering from cluster headache. We further implemented the scale by defining a cluster headache maximum severity subgroup with a high Cluster Headache Severity Scale score ≥ 9. Results A majority (66.7%) of the patients reported that attacks appear at certain time intervals. In addition, cluster headache patients who were current tobacco users or had a history of tobacco consumption had a later age of disease onset (31.7 years) compared to non-tobacco users (28.5 years). The Cluster Headache Severity Scale score was higher in the patient group reporting sporadic or no alcohol intake than in the groups reporting an alcohol consumption of three to four standard units per week or more. Maximum severity cluster headache patients were characterised by higher age at disease onset, greater use of prophylactic medication, reduced hours of sleep, and lower alcohol consumption compared to the non-cluster headache maximum severity group. Conclusion There was a wide variation of severity grade among cluster headache patients, with a very marked impact on daily living for the most profoundly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Steinberg
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Fourier
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Ran
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Waldenlind
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Sjöstrand
- 1 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that predominantly affects the central face. It is characterised by a variable range of symptoms, including erythema, telangiectasia, papules, pustules and changes in skin texture. Rosacea may be transient, recurrent or persistent. Because it affects the most visible part of the body, the psychosocial effects of this condition can be significant. This article describes the features and management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Lavers
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, England
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Xhaja A, Shkodrani E, Frangaj S, Kuneshka L, Vasili E. An epidemiological study on trigger factors and quality of life in psoriatic patients. Mater Sociomed 2014; 26:168-71. [PMID: 25126009 PMCID: PMC4130688 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2014.26.168-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate the role of stress, tobacco, drugs, infections, allergies, heredity, alcohol, hormones and skin aggressions as trigger factors and the impact on quality of life in a sample of psoriasis patients. Methods: a transversal study performed in 90 patients affected by psoriasis between January and November 2012 at the “Nene Tereza” University Hospital, Tirane, Albania, based on two scored questionnaires. Results: more than 70 % of patients reported that stressful events caused a flare- up of their psoriasis (p< 0.05). More than 60% of males and 20% of females were smokers (p< 0.05). About 20% of our patients were taking one or more of the medications listed in the questionnaire (p> 0.05). About 20% of patients reported having had recurrent infections (p<0,05). About 80% of males patients consumed alcohol (p<0,05). More than 40% reported a relative with psoriasis. Statistical comparison of the group that reported skin aggressions with the group that did not revealed a significant difference (p<0,05). Only a few of them reported to have allergies (p>0,05). About 36% of females reported that hormonal changes (puberty and menopause) exacerbated their psoriasis (p<0,05). More than 40% of patients reported that psoriasis seriously affects their quality of life. Conclusion: stress, tobacco, infections, heredity, alcohol, hormonal changes and skin aggressions were confirmed as trigger factors for psoriasis in the present sample. Allergies and the investigated drugs seemed not to have any influence in flare-ups. We found that psoriasis had a serious impact in the quality of life in over of 40% of the patients interviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alert Xhaja
- Department of Dermatology, UHC Nene Tereza, Tirane, Albania
| | | | - Silvan Frangaj
- Department of Dermatology, UHC Nene Tereza, Tirane, Albania
| | | | - Ermira Vasili
- Department of Dermatology, UHC Nene Tereza, Tirane, Albania
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of the chronology of acute cardiovascular events may provide important pathophysiologic information. There is a circadian pattern in the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a mid-morning peak, ascribed to the catecholamine surge that accompanies awakening and assuming the upright posture. However, in up to 27% of patients the onset of AMI occurs during sleep (without apparent precipitating factors). The reasons for this finding are unknown. HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to determine why the onset of symptoms of AMI occurs during sleep in some individuals rather than being precipitated by known trigger factors such as physical exertion. METHODS Using the database from a large multicenter clinical trial, patients were grouped according to whether or not they were awakened from sleep by the symptoms of AMI. RESULTS In all, 870 of 3,309 patients (26%) were awakened by AMI. In general, these patients were older and sicker, with poorer left ventricular function, lower quality of life indices, more frequent heart failure, lower ejection fractions, higher incidence of angina, and a greater frequency of atrial arrhythmias. On multivariate analysis, only low ejection fraction and older age were independently associated with awakening by the symptoms of AMI. CONCLUSIONS Patients who are older and sicker are more likely to be awakened from sleep by the onset of symptoms of AMI. Although the reasons are unknown, we speculate that these individuals are less active and therefore less vulnerable to established trigger factors such as vigorous physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Peters
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Charlon V, Dollow S, Fidel J, Hoglund C, Honkanen T, Kobrin I, McEwan J, McInnes G, Viskoper JR, Woo KS. Reproducibility of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough: a double-blind randomised study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 39:125-9. [PMID: 7742149 PMCID: PMC1364948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The reproducibility of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough was examined in a double-blind cross over study in patients previously shown to have exhibited this side effect. 2. Ninety-seven patients who had experienced angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor cough within the last 2 years were challenged with enalapril 20 mg daily for 4 weeks to establish eligibility. Eighty-eight of 97 (91%) patients experienced a repeat of their cough symptoms. Sixty-four patients entered the double-blind part of the study where they were treated with enalapril 20 mg and a renin inhibitor for up to 4 weeks in random order. These periods were separated by a minimum 4 week placebo wash out. 3. Of 59 evaluable patients who received enalapril a second time, 37 (62.7%) experienced cough again. Of 62 patients on the renin inhibitor 16 (25.8%) experienced cough, however as it was not equi-efficacious to enalapril no valid comparison could be made. 4. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor cough is not reproducible within patients, as other factors are involved in the aetiology. Objective testing with blinded assessment together with symptom reporting, would give a more accurate measure of the incidence, and mechanism of this side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Charlon
- Roche Products Limited, Maidenhead, Berks
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