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Gokce-Samar Z, Vetro A, De Bellescize J, Pisano T, Monteiro L, Penaud N, Korff CM, Fluss J, Marini C, Cesaroni E, Alvarez BM, Sanlaville D, Chatron N, Arzimanoglou AA, Labalme A, Cuddapah VA, Ruggiero SM, Lecoquierre F, Nicolas G, Marie GA, Lebas A, Testard HO, Helbig KL, Ruiz A, Ngoh A, Kurian MA, Reid K, Spaull R, Joset P, Ramantani G, Steindl K, Krenn M, Gerstl L, Vieker S, Craiu D, Pendziwiat M, Haldeman-Englert C, Kanivets I, Romanova I, Rajan DS, Rosenfeld JA, Au M, Grand K, Graham J, Isapof A, Villeneuve N, Smol T, Caumes R, Zacher P, Neuser S, Tinschert S, Platzer K, Bartolomaeus T, Mohnke I, Radtke M, Jamra RA, Helbig I, Jansen FE, Koop K, Rudolf G, Küry S, Courchet J, Guerrini R, Lesca G. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of the RORB-Related Disorder. Neurology 2024; 102:e207945. [PMID: 38165337 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Heterozygous variants in RAR-related orphan receptor B (RORB) have recently been associated with susceptibility to idiopathic generalized epilepsy. However, few reports have been published so far describing pathogenic variants of this gene in patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID). In this study, we aimed to delineate the epilepsy phenotype associated with RORB pathogenic variants and to provide arguments in favor of the pathogenicity of variants. METHODS Through an international collaboration, we analyzed seizure characteristics, EEG data, and genotypes of a cohort of patients with heterozygous variants in RORB. To gain insight into disease mechanisms, we performed ex vivo cortical electroporation in mouse embryos of 5 selected variants, 2 truncating and 3 missense, and evaluated on expression and quantified changes in axonal morphology. RESULTS We identified 35 patients (17 male, median age 10 years, range 2.5-23 years) carrying 32 different heterozygous variants in RORB, including 28 single-nucleotide variants or small insertions/deletions (12 missense, 12 frameshift or nonsense, 2 splice-site variants, and 2 in-frame deletions), and 4 microdeletions; de novo in 18 patients and inherited in 10. Seizures were reported in 31/35 (89%) patients, with a median age at onset of 3 years (range 4 months-12 years). Absence seizures occurred in 25 patients with epilepsy (81%). Nineteen patients experienced a single seizure type: absences, myoclonic absences, or absences with eyelid myoclonia and focal seizures. Nine patients had absence seizures combined with other generalized seizure types. One patient had presented with absences associated with photosensitive occipital seizures. Three other patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures without absences. ID of variable degree was observed in 85% of the patients. Expression studies in cultured neurons showed shorter axons for the 5 tested variants, both truncating and missense variants, supporting an impaired protein function. DISCUSSION In most patients, the phenotype of the RORB-related disorder associates absence seizures with mild-to-moderate ID. In silico and in vitro evaluation of the variants in our cohort, including axonal morphogenetic experiments in cultured neurons, supports their pathogenicity, showing a hypomorphic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Gokce-Samar
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Julitta De Bellescize
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Laloe Monteiro
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Noémie Penaud
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Christian M Korff
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Joel Fluss
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Carla Marini
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Elisabetta Cesaroni
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Blanca Mercedes Alvarez
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Nicolas Chatron
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Alexis A Arzimanoglou
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Audrey Labalme
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Vishnu A Cuddapah
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sarah M Ruggiero
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Francois Lecoquierre
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Guerrot Anne Marie
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Axel Lebas
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Herve O Testard
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Anna Ruiz
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Adeline Ngoh
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Manju A Kurian
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Kimberley Reid
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Robert Spaull
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Pascal Joset
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Georgia Ramantani
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Katharina Steindl
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Martin Krenn
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Lucia Gerstl
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Silvia Vieker
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Dana Craiu
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Chad Haldeman-Englert
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Ilya Kanivets
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Irina Romanova
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Deepa S Rajan
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Margaret Au
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Katheryn Grand
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - John Graham
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Arnaud Isapof
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Nathalie Villeneuve
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Thomas Smol
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Roseline Caumes
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Pia Zacher
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sonja Neuser
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Konrad Platzer
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Tobias Bartolomaeus
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Ines Mohnke
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Maximilian Radtke
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Ingo Helbig
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Floortje E Jansen
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Klaas Koop
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Sebastien Küry
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- From the Department of Pediatric Clinical Epileptology (Z.G.-S., J.D.B., A.A.A.), Sleep Disorders and Functional Neurology, University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Neuroscience Department (A.V., T.P., R.G.) IRCCS, Children's Hospital Meyer, Member of ERN Epicare, and University of Florence, Italy; Univ Lyon (L.M., N.P., D.S., N.C., J.C., G.L.), Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, France; Pediatric Neurology Unit (C.M.K., J.F.), University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C.M., E.C.), Children's Hospital G. Salesi, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.A.), University Hospitals of Montpellier; Department of Genetics (D.S., N.C., A. Labalme, G.L.), University Hospitals of Lyon, HCL, Member of ERN Epicare, France; Paediatric Epilepsy Research (A.A.A.), Child Neurology Department, Member of the ERN EpiCARE, San Juan de Dios Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), and The Epilepsy NeuroGenetics Initiative (ENGIN) (V.A.C., S.M.R., K.L.H., I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (V.A.C., S.M.R., I.H.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Univ Rouen Normandie (F.L., G.N.), Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Developmental Disorders; Department of Pediatric Neurology (G.A.M., A. Lebas), University Hospitals of Rouen; Department of Pediatric Neurology (H.O.T.), Hospital of Alpes Léman, Annemasse, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology (A.R.), Barcelona Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Developmental Neurosciences (A.N., M.A.K., K.R., R.S.), Zayed Centre for Research, University College of London, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Institute of Child Health, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical Genetics (P.J.), University of Zürich; Department of Neuropediatrics (G. Ramantani, K.S.), University Children's Hospital and University of Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology (M.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Developmental Medicine and Social Pediatrics (L.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.V.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Werner-Forßmann-Krankenhaus (S.V., S.T.), Eberswalde, Germany; Pediatric Neurology Discipline (D.C.), Neurosciences Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine Bucharest; Pediatric Neurology Clinic (D.C.), Al Obregia Hospital, Center of Expertise for Pediatric Neurology Rare Disorders, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Bucharest, Romania; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (M.P., I.H.), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany; Mission Fullerton Genetics Center (C.H.-E.), Asheville, NC; Department of Neurology (I.K.), Svt. Luka's Institute of Child Neurology and Epilepsy, Moscow; Department of Medical Genetics (I.R.), Kazan State University, Russia; Division of Child Neurology (D.S.R.), Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (J.A.R.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics and Dysmorphology (M.A., K.G., J.M.G.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology (A.I.), University Hospitals of Armand Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris; Department of Pediatric Neurology (N.V.), University Hospitals of Marseille, AP-HM; Univ. Lille (T.S.), CHU Lille, ULR7364, RADEME, Institute of Medical Genetics; Department of Clinical Genetics (R.C.), CHU Lille, France; Institute of Human Genetics (P.Z., S.N., K.P., T.B., I.M., M.R., R.A.J.), University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics (S.T.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHi) (I.H.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatric Neurology (F.E.J., K.K.), Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Member of ERN Epicare, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (G. Rudolf), Strasbourg University Hospital; and Nantes Université (S.K.), CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, and CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, France
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Malerba F, Alberini G, Balagura G, Marchese F, Amadori E, Riva A, Vari MS, Gennaro E, Madia F, Salpietro V, Angriman M, Giordano L, Accorsi P, Trivisano M, Specchio N, Russo A, Gobbi G, Raviglione F, Pisano T, Marini C, Mancardi MM, Nobili L, Freri E, Castellotti B, Capovilla G, Coppola A, Verrotti A, Martelli P, Miceli F, Maragliano L, Benfenati F, Cilio MR, Johannesen KM, Møller RS, Ceulemans B, Minetti C, Weckhuysen S, Zara F, Taglialatela M, Striano P. Genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with de novo KCNQ2 pathogenic variants. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e528. [PMID: 33659638 PMCID: PMC7803337 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Early identification of de novo KCNQ2 variants in patients with epilepsy raises prognostic issues toward optimal management. We analyzed the clinical and genetic information from a cohort of patients with de novo KCNQ2 pathogenic variants to dissect genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Patients with de novo KCNQ2 pathogenic variants were identified from Italy, Denmark, and Belgium. Atomic resolution Kv7.2 structures were also generated using homology modeling to map the variants. Results We included 34 patients with a mean age of 4.7 years. Median seizure onset was 2 days, mainly with focal seizures with autonomic signs. Twenty-two patients (65%) were seizure free at the mean age of 1.2 years. More than half of the patients (17/32) displayed severe/profound intellectual disability; however, 4 (13%) of them had a normal cognitive outcome. A total of 28 de novo pathogenic variants were identified, most missense (25/28), and clustered in conserved regions of the protein; 6 variants recurred, and 7 were novel. We did not identify a relationship between variant position and seizure offset or cognitive outcome in patients harboring missense variants. Besides, recurrent variants were associated with overlapping epilepsy features but also variable evolution regarding the intellectual outcome. Conclusions We highlight the complexity of variant interpretation to assess the impact of a class of de novo KCNQ2 mutations. Genetic modifiers could be implicated, but the study paradigms to successfully address the impact of each single mutation need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Alberini
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Marchese
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Amadori
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Gennaro
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Madia
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Angriman
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Accorsi
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelo Russo
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gobbi
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Raviglione
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pisano
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Marini
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria M Mancardi
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Freri
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Barbara Castellotti
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capovilla
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Martelli
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Miceli
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria R Cilio
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Kathrine M Johannesen
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Berten Ceulemans
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences (F. Malerba, G.B., E.A., A. Riva, V.S., L.N., C. Minetti, F.Z., P.S.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università degli Studi di Genova; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit (F. Malerba, G.B., F. Marchese, E.A., A. Riva, M.S.V., V.S., C. Minetti, P.S.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini; Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe) (G.A., L.M., F.B.), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Department of Experimental Medicine (G.A.), Università degli Studi di Genova; Laboratory of Human Genetics (E.G.); Unit of Medical Genetics (F. Madia, F.Z.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit (M.A.), Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano; Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit (L.G., P.A., P.M.), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia; Neurology Unit (M. Trivisano, N.S.), Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Roma; Child Neurology Unit (A. Russo, G.G.), IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (F.R.), U.O.N.P.I.A. ASST-Rhodense, Rho, Milano; Neurology Unit and Laboratories (T.P.), A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze; Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit (C. Marini), Pediatric Hospital G. Salesi, United Hospital of Ancona; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit (M.M.M., L.N.), IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova; Department of Pediatric Neuroscience (E.F.), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases (B. Castellotti), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano; Department of Child Neuropsychiatry (G.C.), Epilepsy Center, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova; Fondazione Poliambulanza Brescia (G.C.); Epilepsy Center (A.C.), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; Department of Pediatrics (A.V.), University of Perugia; Section of Pharmacology (F. Miceli, M. Taglialatela), Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino (L.M., F.B.), Genova, Italy; Division of Pediatric Neurology (M.R.C.), Saint-Luc University Hospital, and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Treatment (K.M.J., R.S.M.), The Danish Epilepsy Center Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark; Institute for Regional Health Services (K.M.J., R.S.M.), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology (B. Ceulemans, S.W.), University Hospital Antwerp; Applied & Translational Neurogenomics Group (S.W.), VIB-Center for Molecular Neurology; Laboratory of Neurogenetics (S.W.), Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium; and Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (L.M.), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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