1
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Tiddy IC, Schneider K, Elmer KR. Environmental correlates of adaptive diversification in postglacial freshwater fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:517-535. [PMID: 37984834 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Determining how environmental conditions contribute to divergence among populations and drive speciation is fundamental to resolving mechanisms and understanding outcomes in evolutionary biology. Postglacial freshwater fish species in the Northern Hemisphere are ideal biological systems to explore the effects of environment on diversification in morphology, ecology, and genetics (ecomorph divergences) within lakes. To date, various environmental factors have been implicated in the presence of multiple ecomorphs within particular lakes or regions. However, concerted evidence for generalizable patterns in environmental variables associated with speciation across geographical regions and across species and genera has been lacking. Here, we aimed to identify key biotic and abiotic factors associated with ecological divergence of postglacial freshwater fish species into multiple sympatric ecomorphs, focusing on species in the well-studied, widespread, and co-distributed genera Gasterosteus, Salvelinus, and Coregonus (stickleback, charr, and whitefish, respectively). We found that the presence of multiple sympatric ecomorphs tended to be associated with increasing lake surface area, maximum depth, and nutrient availability. In addition, predation, competition, and prey availability were suggested to play a role in divergence into multiple ecomorphs, but the effects of biotic factors require further study. Although we identified several environmental factors correlated with the presence of multiple ecomorphs, there were substantial data gaps across species and regions. An improved understanding of these systems may provide insight into both generalizable environmental factors involved in speciation in other systems, and potential ecological and evolutionary responses of species complexes when these variables are altered by environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C Tiddy
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kevin Schneider
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Ren Y, Zhang L, Yang X, Lin H, Sang Y, Feng L, Liu J, Kang M. Cryptic divergences and repeated hybridizations within the endangered "living fossil" dove tree ( Davidia involucrata) revealed by whole genome resequencing. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:169-180. [PMID: 38807904 PMCID: PMC11128880 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The identification and understanding of cryptic intraspecific evolutionary units (lineages) are crucial for planning effective conservation strategies aimed at preserving genetic diversity in endangered species. However, the factors driving the evolution and maintenance of these intraspecific lineages in most endangered species remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted resequencing of 77 individuals from 22 natural populations of Davidia involucrata, a "living fossil" dove tree endemic to central and southwest China. Our analysis revealed the presence of three distinct local lineages within this endangered species, which emerged approximately 3.09 and 0.32 million years ago. These divergence events align well with the geographic and climatic oscillations that occurred across the distributional range. Additionally, we observed frequent hybridization events between the three lineages, resulting in the formation of hybrid populations in their adjacent as well as disjunct regions. These hybridizations likely arose from climate-driven population expansion and/or long-distance gene flow. Furthermore, we identified numerous environment-correlated gene variants across the total and many other genes that exhibited signals of positive evolution during the maintenance of two major local lineages. Our findings shed light on the highly dynamic evolution underlying the remarkably similar phenotype of this endangered species. Importantly, these results not only provide guidance for the development of conservation plans but also enhance our understanding of evolutionary past for this and other endangered species with similar histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lushui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yupeng Sang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Landi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Minghui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Crandall ED, Toczydlowski RH, Liggins L, Holmes AE, Ghoojaei M, Gaither MR, Wham BE, Pritt AL, Noble C, Anderson TJ, Barton RL, Berg JT, Beskid SG, Delgado A, Farrell E, Himmelsbach N, Queeno SR, Trinh T, Weyand C, Bentley A, Deck J, Riginos C, Bradburd GS, Toonen RJ. Importance of timely metadata curation to the global surveillance of genetic diversity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14061. [PMID: 36704891 PMCID: PMC10751740 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity within species represents a fundamental yet underappreciated level of biodiversity. Because genetic diversity can indicate species resilience to changing climate, its measurement is relevant to many national and global conservation policy targets. Many studies produce large amounts of genome-scale genetic diversity data for wild populations, but most (87%) do not include the associated spatial and temporal metadata necessary for them to be reused in monitoring programs or for acknowledging the sovereignty of nations or Indigenous peoples. We undertook a distributed datathon to quantify the availability of these missing metadata and to test the hypothesis that their availability decays with time. We also worked to remediate missing metadata by extracting them from associated published papers, online repositories, and direct communication with authors. Starting with 848 candidate genomic data sets (reduced representation and whole genome) from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration, we determined that 561 contained mostly samples from wild populations. We successfully restored spatiotemporal metadata for 78% of these 561 data sets (n = 440 data sets with data on 45,105 individuals from 762 species in 17 phyla). Examining papers and online repositories was much more fruitful than contacting 351 authors, who replied to our email requests 45% of the time. Overall, 23% of our email queries to authors unearthed useful metadata. The probability of retrieving spatiotemporal metadata declined significantly as age of the data set increased. There was a 13.5% yearly decrease in metadata associated with published papers or online repositories and up to a 22% yearly decrease in metadata that were only available from authors. This rapid decay in metadata availability, mirrored in studies of other types of biological data, should motivate swift updates to data-sharing policies and researcher practices to ensure that the valuable context provided by metadata is not lost to conservation science forever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Crandall
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel H Toczydlowski
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Libby Liggins
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ann E Holmes
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maryam Ghoojaei
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle R Gaither
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Briana E Wham
- Department of Research Informatics and Publishing, The Pennsylvania State University Libraries, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea L Pritt
- Madlyn L. Hanes Library, The Pennsylvania State University Libraries, Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cory Noble
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanner J Anderson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Randi L Barton
- Department of Marine Science, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, California, USA
| | - Justin T Berg
- UOG Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam
| | - Sofia G Beskid
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alonso Delgado
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Farrell
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nan Himmelsbach
- Department of Natural Science, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Samantha R Queeno
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Thienthanh Trinh
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Courtney Weyand
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrew Bentley
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - John Deck
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Riginos
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gideon S Bradburd
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
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4
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Johannesson K, Leder EH, André C, Dupont S, Eriksson SP, Harding K, Havenhand JN, Jahnke M, Jonsson PR, Kvarnemo C, Pavia H, Rafajlović M, Rödström EM, Thorndyke M, Blomberg A. Ten years of marine evolutionary biology-Challenges and achievements of a multidisciplinary research initiative. Evol Appl 2023; 16:530-541. [PMID: 36793681 PMCID: PMC9923476 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology (CeMEB) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, was established in 2008 through a 10-year research grant of 8.7 m€ to a team of senior researchers. Today, CeMEB members have contributed >500 scientific publications, 30 PhD theses and have organised 75 meetings and courses, including 18 three-day meetings and four conferences. What are the footprints of CeMEB, and how will the centre continue to play a national and international role as an important node of marine evolutionary research? In this perspective article, we first look back over the 10 years of CeMEB activities and briefly survey some of the many achievements of CeMEB. We furthermore compare the initial goals, as formulated in the grant application, with what has been achieved, and discuss challenges and milestones along the way. Finally, we bring forward some general lessons that can be learnt from a research funding of this type, and we also look ahead, discussing how CeMEB's achievements and lessons can be used as a springboard to the future of marine evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johannesson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Erica H Leder
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Carl André
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden.,International Atomic Energy Agency Principality of Monaco Monaco
| | - Susanne P Eriksson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden
| | - Karin Harding
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jonathan N Havenhand
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Marlene Jahnke
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Marina Rafajlović
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eva Marie Rödström
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Michael Thorndyke
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station Fiskebäckskil Sweden.,Department of Genomics Research in Ecology & Evolution in Nature (GREEN) Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES) De Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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5
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Rossi AR, Petrosino G, Crescenzo S, Milana V, Talarico L, Martinoli M, Rakaj A, Lorenzoni M, Carosi A, Ciuffardi L, Tancioni L. Phylogeography and population structure of Squalius lucumonis: A baseline for conservation of an Italian endangered freshwater fish. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Caradima B, Scheidegger A, Brodersen J, Schuwirth N. Bridging mechanistic conceptual models and statistical species distribution models of riverine fish. Ecol Modell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Wattier R, Mamos T, Copilaş-Ciocianu D, Jelić M, Ollivier A, Chaumot A, Danger M, Felten V, Piscart C, Žganec K, Rewicz T, Wysocka A, Rigaud T, Grabowski M. Continental-scale patterns of hyper-cryptic diversity within the freshwater model taxon Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16536. [PMID: 33024224 PMCID: PMC7538970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional morphological diagnoses of taxonomic status remain widely used while an increasing number of studies show that one morphospecies might hide cryptic diversity, i.e. lineages with unexpectedly high molecular divergence. This hidden diversity can reach even tens of lineages, i.e. hyper cryptic diversity. Even well-studied model-organisms may exhibit overlooked cryptic diversity. Such is the case of the freshwater crustacean amphipod model taxon Gammarus fossarum. It is extensively used in both applied and basic types of research, including biodiversity assessments, ecotoxicology and evolutionary ecology. Based on COI barcodes of 4926 individuals from 498 sampling sites in 19 European countries, the present paper shows (1) hyper cryptic diversity, ranging from 84 to 152 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, (2) ancient diversification starting already 26 Mya in the Oligocene, and (3) high level of lineage syntopy. Even if hyper cryptic diversity was already documented in G. fossarum, the present study increases its extent fourfold, providing a first continental-scale insight into its geographical distribution and establishes several diversification hotspots, notably south-eastern and central Europe. The challenges of recording hyper cryptic diversity in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Wattier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mišel Jelić
- Department of Natural Sciences, Varaždin City Museum, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Anthony Ollivier
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, INRAE, UR RiverLy, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael Danger
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | - Vincent Felten
- UMR CNRS 73602 LIEC, Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | | | - Krešimir Žganec
- Department of Teacher Education Studies in Gospić, University of Zadar, Gospić, Croatia
| | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,University of Guelph, Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Department of Genetics and Biosystematics, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Thierry Rigaud
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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8
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Crotti M, Adams CE, Etheridge EC, Bean CW, Gowans ARD, Knudsen R, Lyle AA, Maitland PS, Winfield IJ, Elmer KR, Præbel K. Geographic hierarchical population genetic structuring in British European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and its implications for conservation. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus complex represents one of the most diverse radiations within salmonids, with extreme morphological and genetic differentiation across its range. Such variation has led to the assignment of many populations to separate species. In Great Britain, the seven native populations of C. lavaretus (two in Scotland, four in England, one in Wales) were previously classified into three species, and recent taxonomic revision resurrected the previous nomenclature. Here we used a dataset of 15 microsatellites to: (1) investigate the genetic diversity of British populations, (2) assess the level of population structure and the relationships between British populations. Genetic diversity was highest in Welsh (HO = 0.50, AR = 5.29), intermediate in English (HO = 0.41–0.50, AR = 2.83–3.88), and lowest in Scottish populations (HO = 0.28–0.35, AR = 2.56–3.04). Population structure analyses indicated high genetic differentiation (global FST = 0.388) between all populations but for the two Scottish populations (FST = 0.063) and two English populations (FST = 0.038). Principal component analysis and molecular ANOVA revealed separation between Scottish, English, and Welsh populations, with the Scottish populations being the most diverged. We argue that the data presented here are not sufficient to support a separation of the British European whitefish populations into three separate species, but support the delineation of different ESUs for these populations.
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9
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Thibert-Plante X, Præbel K, Østbye K, Kahilainen KK, Amundsen PA, Gavrilets S. Using mathematical modelling to investigate the adaptive divergence of whitefish in Fennoscandia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7394. [PMID: 32355195 PMCID: PMC7193591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern speciation theory has greatly benefited from a variety of simple mathematical models focusing on the conditions and patterns of speciation and diversification in the presence of gene flow. Unfortunately the application of general theoretical concepts and tools to specific ecological systems remains a challenge. Here we apply modeling tools to better understand adaptive divergence of whitefish during the postglacial period in lakes of northern Fennoscandia. These lakes harbor up to three different morphs associated with the three major lake habitats: littoral, pelagic, and profundal. Using large-scale individual-based simulations, we aim to identify factors required for in situ emergence of the pelagic and profundal morphs in lakes initially colonized by the littoral morph. The importance of some of the factors we identify and study - sufficiently large levels of initial genetic variation, size- and habitat-specific mating, sufficiently large carrying capacity of the new niche - is already well recognized. In addition, our model also points to two other factors that have been largely disregarded in theoretical studies: fitness-dependent dispersal and strong predation in the ancestral niche coupled with the lack of it in the new niche(s). We use our theoretical results to speculate about the process of diversification of whitefish in Fennoscandia and to identify potentially profitable directions for future empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kjartan Østbye
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus Evenstad, Anne Evenstadsvei 80, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway.,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900, Lammi, Finland
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sergey Gavrilets
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Mathematics, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS), Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity (DySoC), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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10
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Huang TY, Downs MR, Ma J, Zhao B. Collaboration across Time and Space in the LTER Network. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The scale of ecological research is getting larger and larger. At such scales, collaboration is indispensable, but there is little consensus on what factors enable collaboration. In the present article, we investigated the temporal and spatial pattern of institutional collaboration within the US Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network on the basis of the bibliographic database. Social network analysis and the Monte Carlo method were applied to identify the characteristics of papers published by LTER researchers within a baseline of papers from 158 leading ecological journals. Long-term and long-distance collaboration were more frequent in the LTER Network, and we investigate and discuss the underlying mechanisms. We suggest that the maturing infrastructure and environment for collaboration within the LTER Network could encourage scientists to make large-scale hypotheses and to ask big questions in ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, and Shanghai Institute of EcoChongming (SIEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martha R Downs
- Long Term Ecological Research Network Office, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Jun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, and Shanghai Institute of EcoChongming (SIEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, and Shanghai Institute of EcoChongming (SIEC), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Meirmans S, Butlin RK, Charmantier A, Engelstädter J, Groot AT, King KC, Kokko H, Reid JM, Neiman M. Science policies: How should science funding be allocated? An evolutionary biologists' perspective. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:754-768. [PMID: 31215105 PMCID: PMC6771946 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In an ideal world, funding agencies could identify the best scientists and projects and provide them with the resources to undertake these projects. Most scientists would agree that in practice, how funding for scientific research is allocated is far from ideal and likely compromises research quality. We, nine evolutionary biologists from different countries and career stages, provide a comparative summary of our impressions on funding strategies for evolutionary biology across eleven different funding agencies. We also assess whether and how funding effectiveness might be improved. We focused this assessment on 14 elements within four broad categories: (a) topical shaping of science, (b) distribution of funds, (c) application and review procedures, and (d) incentives for mobility and diversity. These comparisons revealed striking among‐country variation in those elements, including wide variation in funding rates, the effort and burden required for grant applications, and the extent of emphasis on societal relevance and individual mobility. We use these observations to provide constructive suggestions for the future and urge the need to further gather informed considerations from scientists on the effects of funding policies on science across countries and research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger K Butlin
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Anne Charmantier
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université Paul-Valery Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Jan Engelstädter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kayla C King
- Department of Zoology, Christ Church College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane M Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Gender, Women's, and Sexuality Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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12
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Zampiglia M, Bisconti R, Maiorano L, Aloise G, Siclari A, Pellegrino F, Martino G, Pezzarossa A, Chiocchio A, Martino C, Nascetti G, Canestrelli D. Drilling Down Hotspots of Intraspecific Diversity to Bring Them Into On-Ground Conservation of Threatened Species. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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13
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Ekblom R, Brechlin B, Persson J, Smeds L, Johansson M, Magnusson J, Flagstad Ø, Ellegren H. Genome sequencing and conservation genomics in the Scandinavian wolverine population. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:1301-1312. [PMID: 29935028 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic approaches have proved valuable to the study and conservation of endangered populations, especially for monitoring programs, and there is potential for further developments in this direction by extending analyses to the genomic level. We assembled the genome of the wolverine (Gulo gulo), a mustelid that in Scandinavia has recently recovered from a significant population decline, and obtained a 2.42 Gb draft sequence representing >85% of the genome and including >21,000 protein-coding genes. We then performed whole-genome resequencing of 10 Scandinavian wolverines for population genomic and demographic analyses. Genetic diversity was among the lowest detected in a red-listed population (mean genome-wide nucleotide diversity of 0.05%). Results of the demographic analyses indicated a long-term decline of the effective population size (Ne ) from 10,000 well before the last glaciation to <500 after this period. Current Ne appeared even lower. The genome-wide FIS level was 0.089 (possibly signaling inbreeding), but this effect was not observed when analyzing a set of highly variable SNP markers, illustrating that such markers can give a biased picture of the overall character of genetic diversity. We found significant population structure, which has implications for population connectivity and conservation. We used an integrated microfluidic circuit chip technology to develop an SNP-array consisting of 96 highly informative markers that, together with a multiplex pre-amplification step, was successfully applied to low-quality DNA from scat samples. Our findings will inform management, conservation, and genetic monitoring of wolverines and serve as a genomic roadmap that can be applied to other endangered species. The approach used here can be generally utilized in other systems, but we acknowledge the trade-off between investing in genomic resources and direct conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ekblom
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birte Brechlin
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Persson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Smeds
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Johansson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Magnusson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hans Ellegren
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Boser CL, Sillett TS, Collins PW, Faulkner KR, Funk WC, Ghalambor CK, Laughrin L, Pauly GB, Robertson JM, Shea R, Vickers W. Equipping Tomorrow's Historical Ecologist: Priorities for Documenting Conditions of the Terrestrial Fauna of Santa Cruz Island, California. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2018. [DOI: 10.3398/064.078.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20013
| | - Paul W. Collins
- Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA 93105
| | | | - W. Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Cameron K. Ghalambor
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Lyndal Laughrin
- University of California Natural Reserve System, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Gregory B. Pauly
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA 90007
| | | | - Robyn Shea
- California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA 93012
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15
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Vanessa Huml J, Taylor MI, Edwin Harris W, Sen R, Ellis JS. Neutral variation does not predict immunogenetic variation in the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus)-implications for management. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:4157-4173. [PMID: 30194888 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preservation of genetic diversity is critical to successful conservation, and there is increasing demand for the inclusion of ecologically meaningful genetic information in management decisions. Supportive breeding programmes are increasingly implemented to combat declines in many species, yet their effect on adaptive genetic variation is understudied. This is despite the fact that supportive breeding may interfere with natural evolutionary processes. Here, we assessed the performance of neutral and adaptive markers (major histocompatibility complex; MHC) to inform management of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), which routinely involves supplementation of natural populations with hatchery-reared fish (stocking). This study is the first to characterize MH II DAA and DAB loci in grayling and to investigate immune genetic variation in relation to management practice in this species. High-throughput Illumina sequencing of "introduced," "stocked native" and "non-stocked native" populations revealed significantly higher levels of allelic richness and heterozygosity for MH markers than microsatellites exclusively in non-stocked native populations. Likewise, significantly lower differentiation at the MH II than for microsatellites was apparent when considering non-stocked native populations, but not stocked populations. We developed a simulation model to test the effects of relaxation of selection during the early life stage within captivity. Dependent on the census population size and stocking intensity, there may be long-term effects of stocking on MH II, but not neutral genetic diversity. This is consistent with our empirical results. This study highlights the necessity for considering adaptive genetic variation in conservation decisions and raises concerns about the efficiency of stocking as a management practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanessa Huml
- School of Science & Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Martin I Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - W Edwin Harris
- School of Science & Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Robin Sen
- School of Science & Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan S Ellis
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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16
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Wood LE, de Grave S, Daniels SR. A comparative evolutionary study reveals radically different scales of genetic structuring within two atyid shrimp species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa E Wood
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Sammy de Grave
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Savel R Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, South Africa
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17
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Shefferson RP, Mason CM, Kellett KM, Goolsby EW, Coughlin E, Flynn RW. The evolutionary impacts of conservation actions. POPUL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-018-0614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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A biodiversity survey of scavenging amphipods in a proposed marine protected area: the Filchner area in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Pfennig KS, Kelly AL, Pierce AA. Hybridization as a facilitator of species range expansion. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 283:rspb.2016.1329. [PMID: 27683368 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the evolution of species geographical ranges is fundamental to understanding how biodiversity is distributed and maintained. The solution to this classic problem in ecology and evolution remains elusive: we still do not fully know how species geographical ranges evolve and what factors fuel range expansions. Resolving this problem is now more crucial than ever with increasing biodiversity loss, global change and movement of species by humans. Here, we describe and evaluate the hypothesis that hybridization between species can contribute to species range expansion. We discuss how such a process can occur and the empirical data that are needed to test this hypothesis. We also examine how species can expand into new environments via hybridization with a resident species, and yet remain distinct species. Generally, hybridization may play an underappreciated role in influencing the evolution of species ranges. Whether-and to what extent-hybridization has such an effect requires further study across more diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Audrey L Kelly
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Amanda A Pierce
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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20
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Kuebbing SE, Reimer AP, Rosenthal SA, Feinberg G, Leiserowitz A, Lau JA, Bradford MA. Long‐term research in ecology and evolution: a survey of challenges and opportunities. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Kuebbing
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Adam P. Reimer
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan 49060 USA
| | - Seth A. Rosenthal
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Geoffrey Feinberg
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Anthony Leiserowitz
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Lau
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners Michigan 49060 USA
| | - Mark A. Bradford
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
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21
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Morrison SA, Sillett TS, Funk WC, Ghalambor CK, Rick TC. Equipping the 22nd-Century Historical Ecologist. Trends Ecol Evol 2017. [PMID: 28645487 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Historical ecology provides information needed to understand contemporary conditions and make science-based resource management decisions. Gaps in historical records, however, can limit inquiries and inference. Unfortunately, the patchiness of data that poses challenges for today's historical ecologist may be similarly problematic for those in the future seeking to understand what are currently present-day conditions and trends, in part because of societal underinvestment in systematic collection and curation. We therefore highlight the generational imperative that contemporary scientists and managers individually have - especially in this era of tremendous global change - to ensure sufficient documentation of the past and current conditions of the places and resources to which they have access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Morrison
- The Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission St., 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA.
| | - T Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, MRC 5503, Washington, DC 20013, USA
| | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Cameron K Ghalambor
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Torben C Rick
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20013, USA
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22
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Delić T, Trontelj P, Rendoš M, Fišer C. The importance of naming cryptic species and the conservation of endemic subterranean amphipods. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3391. [PMID: 28611400 PMCID: PMC5469755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular taxonomy often uncovers cryptic species, reminding us that taxonomic incompleteness is even more severe than previous thought. The importance of cryptic species for conservation is poorly understood. Although some cryptic species may be seriously threatened or otherwise important, they are rarely included in conservation programs as most of them remain undescribed. We analysed the importance of cryptic species in conservation by scrutinizing the South European cryptic complex of the subterranean amphipod Niphargus stygius sensu lato. Using uni- and multilocus delineation methods we show that it consists of 15 parapatric and sympatric species, which we describe using molecular diagnoses. The new species are not mere “taxonomic inflation” as they originate from several distinct branches within the genus and coexist with no evidence of lineage sharing. They are as evolutionarily distinct as average nominal species of the same genus. Ignoring these cryptic species will underestimate the number of subterranean endemics in Slovenia by 12 and in Croatia by four species, although alpha diversity of single caves remains unchanged. The new taxonomy renders national Red Lists largely obsolete, as they list mostly large-ranged species but omit critically endangered single-site endemics. Formal naming of cryptic species is critical for them to be included in conservation policies and faunal listings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teo Delić
- SubBio lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Peter Trontelj
- SubBio lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Michal Rendoš
- State Nature Conservancy, Slovak Caves Administration, Hodžova 11, 031 01, Liptovský, Mikuláš, Slovakia
| | - Cene Fišer
- SubBio lab, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia.
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23
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Leys M, Keller I, Robinson CT, Räsänen K. Cryptic lineages of a common alpine mayfly show strong life-history divergence. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1670-1686. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Leys
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ueberlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH-Zurich; 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Irene Keller
- Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; 3010 Bern Switzerland
| | - Christopher T. Robinson
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ueberlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH-Zurich; 8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katja Räsänen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Ueberlandstrasse 133 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH-Zurich; 8092 Zurich Switzerland
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24
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Mathiesen SS, Thyrring J, Hemmer-Hansen J, Berge J, Sukhotin A, Leopold P, Bekaert M, Sejr MK, Nielsen EE. Genetic diversity and connectivity within Mytilus spp. in the subarctic and Arctic. Evol Appl 2016; 10:39-55. [PMID: 28035234 PMCID: PMC5192891 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate changes in the Arctic are predicted to alter distributions of marine species. However, such changes are difficult to quantify because information on present species distribution and the genetic variation within species is lacking or poorly examined. Blue mussels, Mytilus spp., are ecosystem engineers in the coastal zone globally. To improve knowledge of distribution and genetic structure of the Mytilus edulis complex in the Arctic, we analyzed 81 SNPs in 534 Mytilus spp. individuals sampled at 13 sites to provide baseline data for distribution and genetic variation of Mytilus mussels in the European Arctic. Mytilus edulis was the most abundant species found with a clear genetic split between populations in Greenland and the Eastern Atlantic. Surprisingly, analyses revealed the presence of Mytilus trossulus in high Arctic NW Greenland (77°N) and Mytilus galloprovincialis or their hybrids in SW Greenland, Svalbard, and the Pechora Sea. Furthermore, a high degree of hybridization and introgression between species was observed. Our study highlights the importance of distinguishing between congener species, which can display local adaptation and suggests that information on dispersal routes and barriers is essential for accurate predictions of regional susceptibility to range expansions or invasions of boreal species in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Smedegaard Mathiesen
- Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark; Section for Marine Living Resources National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Jakob Thyrring
- Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jakob Hemmer-Hansen
- Section for Marine Living Resources National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Jørgen Berge
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway; The University Centre in Svalbard Longyearbyen Norway
| | - Alexey Sukhotin
- White Sea Biological Station Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia; Invertebrate Zoology Department St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Peter Leopold
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | | | - Mikael Kristian Sejr
- Department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Einar Eg Nielsen
- Section for Marine Living Resources National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
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25
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Pfennig KS. Reinforcement as an initiator of population divergence and speciation. Curr Zool 2016; 62:145-154. [PMID: 29491902 PMCID: PMC5804236 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
When hybridization results in reduced fitness, natural selection is expected to favor the evolution of traits that minimize the likelihood of hybridizing in the first place. This process, termed reinforcement (or, more generally, reproductive character displacement), thereby contributes to the evolution of enhanced reproductive isolation between hybridizing groups. By enhancing reproductive isolation in this way, reinforcement plays an important role in the final stages of speciation. However, reinforcement can also contribute to the early stages of speciation. Specifically, because selection to avoid hybridization occurs only in sympatric populations, the unfolding of reinforcement can lead to the evolution of traits in sympatric populations that reduce reproduction between conspecifics in sympatry versus those in allopatry. Thus, reinforcement between species can lead to reproductive isolation—and possibly speciation—between populations in sympatry versus those in allopatry or among different sympatric populations. Here, I describe how this process can occur, the conditions under which it is most likely to occur, and the empirical data needed to evaluate the hypothesis that reinforcement can initiate speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
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26
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Drastic underestimation of amphipod biodiversity in the endangered Irano-Anatolian and Caucasus biodiversity hotspots. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22507. [PMID: 26928527 PMCID: PMC4772388 DOI: 10.1038/srep22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity hotspots are centers of biological diversity and particularly threatened by anthropogenic activities. Their true magnitude of species diversity and endemism, however, is still largely unknown as species diversity is traditionally assessed using morphological descriptions only, thereby ignoring cryptic species. This directly limits evidence-based monitoring and management strategies. Here we used molecular species delimitation methods to quantify cryptic diversity of the montane amphipods in the Irano-Anatolian and Caucasus biodiversity hotspots. Amphipods are ecosystem engineers in rivers and lakes. Species diversity was assessed by analysing two genetic markers (mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rDNA), compared with morphological assignments. Our results unambiguously demonstrate that species diversity and endemism is dramatically underestimated, with 42 genetically identified freshwater species in only five reported morphospecies. Over 90% of the newly recovered species cluster inside Gammarus komareki and G. lacustris; 69% of the recovered species comprise narrow range endemics. Amphipod biodiversity is drastically underestimated for the studied regions. Thus, the risk of biodiversity loss is significantly greater than currently inferred as most endangered species remain unrecognized and/or are only found locally. Integrative application of genetic assessments in monitoring programs will help to understand the true magnitude of biodiversity and accurately evaluate its threat status.
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27
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Rudman SM, Schluter D. Ecological Impacts of Reverse Speciation in Threespine Stickleback. Curr Biol 2016; 26:490-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Gillespie RG. Island time and the interplay between ecology and evolution in species diversification. Evol Appl 2015; 9:53-73. [PMID: 27087839 PMCID: PMC4780372 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the dynamics of biodiversity has progressed tremendously over recent years, although in two separate directions – ecological, to determine change over space at a given time, and evolutionary, to understand change over time. Integration of these approaches has remained elusive. Archipelagoes with a known geological chronology provide an opportunity to study ecological interactions over evolutionary time. Here, I focus on the Hawaiian archipelago and summarize the development of ecological and evolutionary research; I emphasize spiders because they have attributes allowing analysis of ecological affinities in concert with diversification. Within this framework, I highlight recent insights from the island chronosequence, in particular the importance of (i) selection and genetic drift in generating diversity; (ii) fusion and fission in fostering diversification; and (iii) variability upon which selection can act. Insights into biodiversity dynamics at the nexus of ecology and evolution are now achievable by integrating new tools, in particular (i) ecological metrics (interaction networks, maximum entropy inference) across the chronosequence to uncover community dynamics and (ii) genomic tools to understand contemporaneous microevolutionary change. The work can inform applications of invasion and restoration ecology by elucidating the importance of changes in abundances, interaction strengths, and rates of evolutionary response in shaping biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
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29
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Hinsinger DD, Debruyne R, Thomas M, Denys GPJ, Mennesson M, Utage J, Dettai A. Fishing for barcodes in the Torrent: from COI to complete mitogenomes on NGS platforms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/dna-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe adoption of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) by the field of DNA barcoding of Metazoa has been hindered by the fit between the classical COI barcode and the Sanger-based sequencing method. Here we describe a framework for the sequencing and multiplexing of mitogenomes on NGS platforms that implements (I) a universal long-range PCR-based amplification technique, (II) a two-level multiplexing approach (i.e. divergence-based and specific tag indexing), and (III) a dedicated demultiplexing and assembling script from an Ion Torrent sequencing platform. We provide a case study of mitogenomes obtained for two vouchered individuals of daces Leuciscus burdigalensis and L. oxyrrhis and show that this workflow enables to recover over 100 mitogenomes per sequencing chip on a PGM sequencer, bringing the individual cost down below 7,50€ per mitogenome (as of current 2015 sequencing costs). The use of several kilobases for identification purposes, as involved in the improved DNA-barcode we propose, stress the need for data reliability, especially through metadata. Based on both scientific and economic considerations, this framework presents a relevant approach for multiplexing samples, adaptable on any desktop NGS platform. It enables to extend from the prevalent barcoding approach by shifting from the single COI to complete mitogenome sequencing
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30
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Eizaguirre C, Baltazar-Soares M. Evolutionary conservation-evaluating the adaptive potential of species. Evol Appl 2014. [PMCID: PMC4231588 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts, biodiversity around the globe continues to decrease. To cease this phenomenon, we urgently need a better knowledge not only of the true extent of biodiversity, but also of the evolutionary potential of species to respond to environmental change. These aims are the heart of the developing field of Evolutionary conservation. Here, after describing problems associated with implementing evolutionary perspectives into management, we outline how evolutionary principles can contribute to efficient conservation programmes. We then introduce articles from this special issue on Evolutionary conservation, outlining how each study or review provides tools and concepts to contribute to efficient management of species or populations. Ultimately, we highlight what we believe can be future research avenues for evolutionary conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Eizaguirre
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London UK
| | - Miguel Baltazar-Soares
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research; Kiel Germany
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