1
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Fortier C, El-Hage C, Normand C, Hue ES, Sutton G, Marcillaud-Pitel C, Jeffers K, Bamford N, Oden E, Paillot R, Hartley C, Gilkerson J, Pronost S. Detection of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis Virus and Equine Hepacivirus in Archived Sera from Horses in France and Australia. Viruses 2024; 16:862. [PMID: 38932156 DOI: 10.3390/v16060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reports of newly discovered equine hepatotropic flavi- and parvoviruses have emerged throughout the last decade in many countries, the discovery of which has stimulated a great deal of interest and clinical research. Although commonly detected in horses without signs of disease, equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) and equine hepacivirus (EqHV) have been associated with liver disease, including following the administration of contaminated anti-toxin. Our aim was to determine whether EqPV-H and EqHV are present in Australian horses and whether EqPV-H was present in French horses and to examine sequence diversity between strains of both viruses amongst infected horses on either side of the globe. Sera from 188 Australian horses and 256 French horses from horses with and without clinical signs of disease were collected. Twelve out of 256 (4.7%) and 6 out of 188 (3.2%) French and Australian horses, respectively, were positive for the molecular detection of EqPV-H. Five out of 256 (1.9%) and 21 out of 188 (11.2%) French and Australian horses, respectively, were positive for the molecular detection of EqHV. Australian strains for both viruses were genomically clustered, in contrast to strains from French horses, which were more broadly distributed. The findings of this preliminary survey, with the molecular detection of EqHV and EqPV-H in Australia and the latter in France, adds to the growing body of awareness regarding these recently discovered hepatotropic viruses. It has provided valuable information not just in terms of geographic endemicity but will guide equine clinicians, carers, and authorities regarding infectious agents and potential impacts of allogenic tissue contamination. Although we have filled many gaps in the world map regarding equine hepatotropic viruses, further prospective studies in this emerging field may be useful in terms of elucidating risk factors and pathogenesis of these pathogens and management of cases in terms of prevention and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fortier
- LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Biotargen, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Charles El-Hage
- Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Camille Normand
- LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Biotargen, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Erika S Hue
- LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Biotargen, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
| | - Gabrielle Sutton
- LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Kim Jeffers
- Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas Bamford
- Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Romain Paillot
- LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, School of Agriculture, Animal & Environmental Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU Writtle), Lordship Road, Writtle Chelmsford CM1 3RR, UK
| | - Carol Hartley
- Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - James Gilkerson
- Centre for Equine Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stéphane Pronost
- LABÉO, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Biotargen, 14280 Saint-Contest, France
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2
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Filho HCM, Trindade KLG, Silva CJFL, Cruz RKS, Vilela CF, Coelho CS, Filho JDR, Manso HECCC. The Welfare of Horses Competing in Three-Barrel Race Events Is Shown to Be Not Inhibited by Short Intervals between Starts. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:583. [PMID: 38396551 PMCID: PMC10886278 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Equestrian sports require precise animal welfare and health evaluations. To test the hypothesis that horses maintain their welfare when subjected to two three-barrel (3TB) races with 2 min intervals, an experiment was designed to evaluate their surface temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) in regions of interest (barrel, flank, neck, jaw, corner of the mouth, and ocular caruncle) and also measure blood biomarkers (hemogram, total plasma protein, fibrinogen, urea, creatinine, GGT, CK, cortisol, IL-6, and IL-1β). Ten Quarter Horses were monitored through thermography (pre-race, +1, +4, and +24 h post-race) and blood sampling (pre-race, +1, +4, and +24 h post-race). ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% were used. IRT in six regions of interest (Left/Right-barrel, flank, neck muscles) increased at +, with no differences between values recorded at +1 and +4 when compared to those measured pre-race (p > 0.05). Plasma protein, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count, neutrophils, and lymphocytes (p < 0.05) increased immediately after the races, with recovery at +1 h. Other biomarkers did not change, including cortisol, IL-6, and IL-1β (p > 0.05). Results indicate that well-conditioned 3TB horses subjected to two races at short intervals do not show changes that could be related to impaired health or welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio C. Manso Filho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (K.L.G.T.); (C.J.F.L.S.); (H.E.C.C.C.M.)
| | - Keity L. G. Trindade
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (K.L.G.T.); (C.J.F.L.S.); (H.E.C.C.C.M.)
| | - Carolina J. F. L. Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (K.L.G.T.); (C.J.F.L.S.); (H.E.C.C.C.M.)
| | - Raissa K. S. Cruz
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Centro Universitário Cesmac, Maceió 57051-160, AL, Brazil;
| | | | - Clarisse S. Coelho
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusofona University, 376 Campo Grande, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José D. Ribeiro Filho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Helena E. C. C. C. Manso
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (K.L.G.T.); (C.J.F.L.S.); (H.E.C.C.C.M.)
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3
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Miazga K, Kopczyńska K, Szaluś-Jordanow O, Moroz-Fik A, Wilczak J, Barszcz K, Cywińska A. Metabolomic analysis indicated changes in triacylglycerols' levels as a result of training in Whippet dogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18223. [PMID: 37880383 PMCID: PMC10600122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical effort produces metabolic changes manifested as adaptation to exercise and increasing performance. In humans these changes have been characterized at metabolome level as depending on the discipline. However, all sports involve some level of changes in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Recently, also performance horses have been subjected to metabolic analyses, but similar studies were lacking in sports dogs. In this study we performed the metabolomic analysis in plasma of Whippet dogs regularly trained and competing in coursing events, and untrained dogs of the same breed, fed with the same diet. We have also compared the hematological and blood biochemical results in these two groups of dogs. Basic blood tests indicated that enzymes related to lipid metabolism (lipase and gamma-glutamyltransferase) differed considerably between the groups. Metabolomic analysis of plasma confirmed the metabolic shift expressed as the differences in triacylglycerols levels between training and non-training dogs, aimed at improving the use of fatty acids as a source of energy during exertion. Surprisingly, other classes of metabolites were only hardly changed when comparing training and non-training Whippets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Miazga
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Municipal Zoological Garden in Warsaw, Ratuszowa 1/3, 03-461, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kopczyńska
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Moroz-Fik
- Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wilczak
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Barszcz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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Huertas RM, Arguedas M, Estrada JM, Moscoso E, Umaña D, Solano G, Vargas M, Segura Á, Sánchez A, Herrera M, Villalta M, Arroyo-Portilla C, Gutiérrez JM, León G. Clinical effects of immunization, bleeding, and albumin-based fluid therapy in horses used as immunoglobulin source to produce a polyspecific antivenom (Echitab-plus-ICP) towards venoms of African snakes. Toxicon X 2023; 18:100158. [PMID: 37180815 PMCID: PMC10172988 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During the production of snake antivenoms, the animals used as immunoglobulin source are subjected to processes that could deteriorate their physical condition. Therefore, these conditions must be carefully designed and validated. In this work, the immunization and bleeding protocols applied to horses used to produce the African polyspecific antivenom EchiTAb-plus-ICP were evaluated regarding their effects on the horses' health. The study focused on horses that had been previously immunized with venoms and then received periodic booster venom injections for antivenom production. It was found that the periodic immunization with 5 mg of a mixture of venoms of Bitis arietans, Echis ocellatus, Dendroaspis polylepis, and Naja nigricollis did not induce systemic signs of envenomation, and only caused mild swelling at the injection site, which did not evolve to abscesses, fistulas, or fibrosis. Three consecutive days of bleeding, collecting 6-8 L of blood per day, and self-transfusing the red blood cells (RBC) in the second and third days, did not induce evident cardiorespiratory alterations. However, this procedure caused significant reductions in RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and total plasma protein values. Seven weeks after bleeding, these parameters were recovered, and horses were ready for the next immunization/bleeding cycle. The intravenous administration of equine albumin, at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight, increased the apparent plasma volume and the albumin concentration. However, this procedure induced early adverse reactions and transient alterations of the serum levels of the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), thus suggesting some degree of hepatic injury. It was concluded that immunization and bleeding as described in this work do not cause significant clinical alterations in the horse's health, except for a transient drop in some hematological parameters. The albumin-based fluid therapy used does not hasten the recovery after bleeding but instead induces adverse events in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Huertas
- Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Arguedas
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Juan Manuel Estrada
- Hospital de Equinos, Especies Mayores y Terapias Regenerativas, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Edwin Moscoso
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Deibid Umaña
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gabriela Solano
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mariángela Vargas
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Álvaro Segura
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Andrés Sánchez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María Herrera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Cynthia Arroyo-Portilla
- Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Corresponding author.
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Gołyński M, Metyk M, Ciszewska J, Szczepanik MP, Fitch G, Bęczkowski PM. Homocysteine-Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator of Health and Disease in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081311. [PMID: 37106874 PMCID: PMC10135347 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine is an endogenous, non-protein sulfuric amino acid, an intermediate metabolite formed by the methionine transmethylation reaction. Its elevated serum concentration in humans, hyperhomocysteinemia, is a sensitive indicator and a risk factor for coagulation disorders, cardiovascular diseases and dementia. However, the role of homocysteine in veterinary species has not been unequivocally established. Although some research has been conducted in dogs, cats, cattle and pigs, relatively few studies on homocysteine have been conducted in horses. So far, it has been established in this species that homocysteine has an atherogenic effect, plays a role in early embryo mortality and is responsible for the induction of oxidative stress. These preliminary findings support establishing a reference range in a normal population of horses, including horses in training and merit further investigations into the role of this amino acid in health and disease in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gołyński
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Metyk
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Jagoda Ciszewska
- Sub-Department of Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Paweł Szczepanik
- Sub-Department of Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gareth Fitch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paweł Marek Bęczkowski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Mann S, Abuelo A, Stokol T, Wakshlag JJ, Bayly W, Reed S, Gandy J, Ramsay JD, Divers TJ. Case-control exercise challenge study on the pathogenesis of high serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in racehorses. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:182-193. [PMID: 35491961 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High serum γ-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) activity syndrome in racehorses has been associated with maladaption to exercise. Investigation of affected horses before and immediately after standard exercise may provide critical insight into the syndrome's pathophysiology. OBJECTIVES To investigate blood biomarker changes in actively competing racehorses with high GGT activity associated with an exercise challenge. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS High GGT case (age: 2-3 years) and normal GGT control (age: 2-7 years) pairs (3 Thoroughbred, 4 Standardbred pairs) at least 3 months into their training/racing season were included. Horses with a recent history of high GGT activity (≥50 IU/L) without additional biochemical evidence of liver disease were identified by veterinarians. Horses were tested again in the week prior to a planned exercise challenge to confirm persistent increases in GGT activity. Controls from the same stable with similar training/racing intensity and serum GGT activity ≤36 IU/L were matched with each case. Blood samples were obtained immediately before, 15 and 120 min after exercise. Pre-exercise serum samples were analysed for baseline select serum chemistries, selenium and vitamin E concentrations. Cortisol concentration and markers of oxidative status were measured in serum or plasma for all time points. Individual serum bile acid and coenzyme Q10 concentrations, plasma lipid mediator (fatty acids, oxylipids, isoprostanes) concentrations and targeted metabolomics analyses were performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Serum viral PCR for equine hepaci- and parvovirus was performed in each animal. RESULTS Cases had higher baseline concentrations of total glutathione, taurocholic acid, cortisol and cholesterol concentrations and higher or lower concentrations of specific oxylipid and isoprostane mediators, but there were no case-dependent changes after exercise. MAIN LIMITATIONS Small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that glutathione metabolism was altered in high GGT horses. Enhanced glutathione recycling and mild cholestasis are possible explanations for the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mann
- Cornell University Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tracy Stokol
- Cornell University Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Cornell University Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Warwick Bayly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Steven Reed
- Rood & Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jeff Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua David Ramsay
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas J Divers
- Cornell University Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Peng S, Magdesian KG, Dowd J, Blea J, Carpenter R, Ho W, Finno CJ. Investigation of high gamma‐glutamyltransferase syndrome in California Thoroughbred racehorses. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:2203-2212. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichong Peng
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California Davis California USA
| | - K. Gary Magdesian
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis California USA
| | - Joseph Dowd
- Equine Medical and Surgical Group Arcadia California USA
| | - Jeffrey Blea
- Von Bleucher, Blea, Hunkin, DVM, Inc Sierra Madre California USA
| | | | - Wayne Ho
- Southern California Equine Foundation Arcadia California USA
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California Davis California USA
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Bazzano M, Arfuso F, Bonfili L, Eleuteri AM, McLean A, Serri E, Spaterna A, Laus F. Measuring Biochemical Variables and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) in Working Mules in Central Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202793. [PMID: 36290179 PMCID: PMC9597738 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
According to FAO reports, the global mule population counts about 9 million mules. This hybrid cross of a male donkey and a female horse is mainly used for draft purposes because they are thought to be strong and hardy animals. Most consider mules to be less susceptible to disease and fatigue compared to horses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fieldwork on biochemical variables and serum amyloid A in working mules. Blood samples were collected from 10 healthy, female, working mules before and after 8 h of fieldwork. According to statistical analysis, a significant influence (p < 0.05) of fieldwork was found on mules’ electrolyte profile with increased levels of sodium, chloride, and calcium, as well as on blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. After a day of fieldwork, serum sodium, chloride, calcium, urea, and creatinine concentrations were increased, supporting decreases in body water and renal blood flow. However, without comparison to a group of mules that were not exercised yet maintained under similar ambient conditions, it is uncertain whether these changes can be attributed to exercise. Further, no change in SAA concentration was found after exercise, indicating that the work performed did not result in systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Matelica, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Matelica, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Matelica, Italy
| | - Amy McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Evelina Serri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Matelica, Italy
| | - Andrea Spaterna
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Matelica, Italy
| | - Fulvio Laus
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Matelica, Italy
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Ramadan MM, Dailey D. Trouble for Horses in Paradise: Toxicity and Fatality Resulting from the Consumption of Indigofera spicata (Fabaceae) on Oahu Island. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060271. [PMID: 35737323 PMCID: PMC9230839 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first account of fatal toxicity in horses resulting from grazing on the pasture plant creeping indigo, Indigofera spicata, on the island of Oahu, in the Hawaiian Islands. A survey in the town of Waialua on the north shore of Oahu island indicated that creeping indigo is common and abundant on grazing lands during the rainy season and requires intensive chemical and physical control measures. Four pastures were surveyed where ranchers reported mortality of more than 17 horses since 2020. We document these incidents to alert state animal and livestock support officials, groups monitoring invasive species, and horse owners regarding the problem of this noxious weed and to support breeders with information to confront its invasiveness. Herbicide treatment is not economically feasible, and breeders opted to physically uproot the plants from the paddocks and restrain horses to clear pastures as they were eliminating the plants. We urge state officials for a long-term control strategy to reduce the problems associated with this weed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohamad Ramadan
- Plant Pest Control Branch, Division of Plant Industry, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Honolulu, HI 96814, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Devon Dailey
- Hawaii Polo Club and Hawaii Polo Trail Rides, Waialua, HI 96791, USA;
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10
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Gawor A, Ruszczyńska A, Konopka A, Wryk G, Czauderna M, Bulska E. Label-Free Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Analysis in Lamb Tissues after Fish Oil, Carnosic Acid, and Inorganic Selenium Supplementation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111428. [PMID: 35681892 PMCID: PMC9179315 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Advances in proteomics and bioinformatics analysis offer the potential to investigate nutrients’ influence on protein expression profiles, and consequently on biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. However, knowledge in this area, particular about the exact way selenium modulates protein expression, remains limited. Therefore, in this project, global differential proteomic experiments were carried out in order to identify changes in the expression of proteins in animal tissues obtained from lambs on a specific diet involving the addition of a combination of different supplements, namely, inorganic selenium compounds, fish oil, and carnosic acid. Following inorganic selenium supplementation, a protein-protein interaction network analysis of forty differentially-expressed proteins indicated two significant clusters. Abstract Selenium is an essential nutrient, building twenty five identified selenoproteins in humans known to perform several important biological functions. The small amount of selenium in the earth’s crust in certain regions along with the risk of deficiency in organisms have resulted in increasingly popular dietary supplementation in animals, implemented via, e.g., inorganic selenium compounds. Even though selenium is included in selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine, the dietary effect of selenium may result in the expression of other proteins or genes. Very little is known about the expression effects modulated by selenium. The present study aimed to examine the significance of protein expression in lamb tissues obtained after dietary supplementation with selenium (sodium selenate) and two other feed additives, fish oil and carnosic acid. Label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was successfully applied to examine the animal tissues. Protein-protein interaction network analysis of forty differently-expressed proteins following inorganic selenium supplementation indicated two significant clusters which are involved in cell adhesion, heart development, actin filament-based movement, plasma membrane repair, and establishment of organelle localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Gawor
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.); (G.W.)
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.); (G.W.)
| | - Anna Konopka
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.); (G.W.)
| | - Grzegorz Wryk
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.); (G.W.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland;
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (A.R.); (A.K.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Wright S. Highlights of recent clinically relevant papers. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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