1
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van Holstein LA, McKay HD, Pimiento C, Koops K. Multidimensional primate niche space sheds light on interspecific competition in primate evolution. Commun Biol 2024; 7:647. [PMID: 38802506 PMCID: PMC11130132 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterising how the totality of primate diversity is distributed across the order, and how it evolved, is challenging because diversity in individual traits often show opposing phylogenetic patterns. A species' combination of traits can be conceptualised as its 'niche'. Here, we describe and analyse seven-dimensional niche space, comprising 11 traits, for 191 primate species. Multifaceted diversity is distributed unequally among taxonomic groups. Cercopithecoidea and Hominidae occupy the largest areas of niche space, and are the most diverse families; platyrrhine families occupy small areas, and this space overlaps with strepsirrhines. The evolution of species' locations in niche space is regulated by selection for adaptive optima in trait combinations. Given that niche similarity results in interspecific competition, we quantify two measures of species' niche locations relative to others. We find that omnivores, frugivores, and species tolerating higher temperatures experience stronger interspecific competition. Hominidae occupation of niche space suggests competitive exclusion from niches by Cercopithecoidea over evolutionary time; but living great apes experience the lowest levels of interspecific competition. Callitrichids experience the highest levels of interspecific competition. Our results provide a standardised measure of primate niches that sheds light on the partitioning and evolution of primate diversity, and how this is driven by interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A van Holstein
- Clare College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Ape Behaviour & Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - H D McKay
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Pimiento
- Department of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - K Koops
- Ape Behaviour & Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Popescu SM, Tigae C, Dobrițescu A, Ștefănescu DM. Exploring the Climatic Niche Evolution of the Genus Falco (Aves: Falconidae) in Europe. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38392331 PMCID: PMC10886973 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
By integrating species distribution modeling techniques, phylogenetic comparative methods, and climatic data, we analyzed how European falcon climatic niches have changed over evolutionary time in order to understand their tempo and mode of evolution and gain phylogenetic insights related to the ecological context of falcon evolution. For this purpose, we tested the relative contributions of niche conservatism, convergent evolution, and divergent evolution in the evolutionary history of this group of species in Europe. The occupation of climatic niche spaces by falcon species in Europe was not similar, considering that their climatic niche evolution was characterized by heterotachy, especially after ca. 4 Mya. Our results indicate that convergent evolution and niche divergence played an important role in the evolutionary history of these species, with no significant evidence of closely related species retaining their fundamental niche over time (phylogenetic niche conservatism). In most analyses, less closely related falcon species occupied similar climatic environments. We found that speciation in the European genus Falco was influenced by climatic niche differentiation, more prevalent in the last 4 million years, with the main climatic niche shifts occurring between closely related falcon species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mariana Popescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza, 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristian Tigae
- Faculty of Science, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza, 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurelian Dobrițescu
- Faculty of Science, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza, 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dragoș Mihail Ștefănescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A.I. Cuza, 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
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3
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Correia I, Gomes BDF, Villalobos F, Ferrari SF, Gouveia SF. Lessons from comparative primatology for understanding trait covariation and diversity in evolutionary ecology. Mamm Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Correia
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation Universidade Federal de Sergipe 49100‐000 São Cristóvão Sergipe Brazil
| | | | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Evolutionary Biology Network Instituto de Ecología A.C. ‐ INECOL, Xalapa Veracruz Mexico
| | - Stephen F. Ferrari
- Department of Ecology Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão Sergipe Brazil
| | - Sidney F. Gouveia
- Department of Ecology Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão Sergipe Brazil
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4
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Schroeder L, Elton S, Ackermann RR. Skull variation in Afro-Eurasian monkeys results from both adaptive and non-adaptive evolutionary processes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12516. [PMID: 35869137 PMCID: PMC9307787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Afro-Eurasian monkeys originated in the Miocene and are the most species-rich modern primate family. Molecular and fossil data have provided considerable insight into their evolutionary divergence, but we know considerably less about the evolutionary processes that underlie these differences. Here, we apply tests developed from quantitative genetics theory to a large (n > 3000) cranio-mandibular morphometric dataset, investigating the relative importance of adaptation (natural selection) and neutral processes (genetic drift) in shaping diversity at different taxonomic levels, an approach applied previously to monkeys of the Americas, apes, hominins, and other vertebrate taxa. Results indicate that natural selection, particularly for differences in size, plays a significant role in diversifying Afro-Eurasian monkeys as a whole. However, drift appears to better explain skull divergence within the subfamily Colobinae, and in particular the African colobine clade, likely due to habitat fragmentation. Small and declining population sizes make it likely that drift will continue in this taxon, with potentially dire implications for genetic diversity and future resilience in the face of environmental change. For the other taxa, many of whom also have decreasing populations and are threatened, understanding adaptive pressures similarly helps identify relative vulnerability and may assist with prioritising scarce conservation resources.
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5
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Casadei‐Ferreira A, Feitosa RM, Pie MR. Size and shape in the evolution of the worker head in
Pheidole
ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Casadei‐Ferreira
- Departamento de Zoologia Setor de Ciências Biológicas Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa Japan
| | - R. M. Feitosa
- Departamento de Zoologia Setor de Ciências Biológicas Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - M. R. Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia Setor de Ciências Biológicas Centro Politécnico Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
- Biology Department Edge Hill University Ormskirk Lancashire UK
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6
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7
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8
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Pie MR, Divieso R, Caron FS. The evolution of climatic niche breadth in terrestrial vertebrates. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcio R. Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Raquel Divieso
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. Caron
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
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9
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Eyres A, Eronen JT, Hagen O, Böhning-Gaese K, Fritz SA. Climatic effects on niche evolution in a passerine bird clade depend on paleoclimate reconstruction method. Evolution 2021; 75:1046-1060. [PMID: 33724456 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Climatic niches describe the climatic conditions in which species can persist. Shifts in climatic niches have been observed to coincide with major climatic change, suggesting that species adapt to new conditions. We test the relationship between rates of climatic niche evolution and paleoclimatic conditions through time for 65 Old-World flycatcher species (Aves: Muscicapidae). We combine niche quantification for all species with dated phylogenies to infer past changes in the rates of niche evolution for temperature and precipitation niches. Paleoclimatic conditions were inferred independently using two datasets: a paleoelevation reconstruction and the mammal fossil record. We find changes in climatic niches through time, but no or weak support for a relationship between niche evolution rates and rates of paleoclimatic change for both temperature and precipitation niche and for both reconstruction methods. In contrast, the inferred relationship between climatic conditions and niche evolution rates depends on paleoclimatic reconstruction method: rates of temperature niche evolution are significantly negatively related to absolute temperatures inferred using the paleoelevation model but not those reconstructed from the fossil record. We suggest that paleoclimatic change might be a weak driver of climatic niche evolution in birds and highlight the need for greater integration of different paleoclimate reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Eyres
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany.,RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi T Eronen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Program and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,BIOS Research Unit, Helsinki, 00170, Finland
| | - Oskar Hagen
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, D-USYS, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
| | - Susanne A Fritz
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany.,Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany
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10
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Arnan X, Angulo E, Boulay R, Molowny-Horas R, Cerdá X, Retana J. Introduced ant species occupy empty climatic niches in Europe. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3280. [PMID: 33558646 PMCID: PMC7870827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring shifts in the climatic niches of introduced species can provide significant insight into the mechanisms underlying the invasion process and the associated impacts on biodiversity. We aim to test the phylogenetic signal hypothesis in native and introduced species in Europe by examining climatic niche similarity. We examined data from 134 ant species commonly found in western Europe; 130 were native species, and 4 were introduced species. We characterized their distribution patterns using species records from different databases, determined their phylogenetic relatedness, and tested for a phylogenetic signal in their optimal climatic niches. We then compared the introduced species' climatic niches in Europe with their climatic niches in their native ranges and with the climatic niches of their closest relative species in Europe. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in the optimal climatic niches of the most common ant species in Europe; however, this signal was weak for the main climatic variables that affect the distributions of introduced versus native species. Also, introduced species occupied different climatic niches in Europe than in their native ranges; furthermore, their European climatic niches did not resemble those of their closest relative species in Europe. We further discovered that there was not much concordance between the climatic niches of introduced species in their native ranges and climatic conditions in Europe. Our findings suggest that phylogenetics do indeed constrain shifts in the climatic niches of native European ant species. However, introduced species would not face such constraints and seemed to occupy relatively empty climatic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Arnan
- grid.26141.300000 0000 9011 5442Universidade de Pernambuco – Campus Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE 55294-902 Brazil ,grid.452388.00000 0001 0722 403XCREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya Spain
| | - Elena Angulo
- grid.418875.70000 0001 1091 6248Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Raphaël Boulay
- grid.12366.300000 0001 2182 6141Institute of Insect Biology, University François Rabelais of Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Xim Cerdá
- grid.418875.70000 0001 1091 6248Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Avda Américo Vespucio, 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Retana
- grid.452388.00000 0001 0722 403XCREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya Spain ,grid.7080.fUniv Autònoma Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya Spain
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11
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Varzinczak LH, Moura MO, Passos FC. Shifts to multiple optima underlie climatic niche evolution in New World phyllostomid bats. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Climate underlies species distribution patterns, especially in species where climate limits distributions, such as the phyllostomid bats, which are mostly restricted to the New World tropics. The evolutionary dynamics that shaped phyllostomid climatic niches remain unclear, and a broad phylogenetic perspective is required to uncover their patterns. We used geographical distributions and evolutionary relationships of 130 species, climate data and phylogenetic comparative methods to uncover dynamics of phyllostomid climatic niche evolution. Diversification of climatic niches began early in phyllostomid evolution (~34 Mya), with most changes taking place ~20 Mya. Although most of these bats were found in tropical regions, shifts towards different evolutionary optima were common. Shifts were mostly towards temperate climates, reflecting complexities in phyllostomid evolution highlighted by the probable role of species-specific adaptations to cope with these climates, the influence of palaeoclimatic events, and biogeographical effects related to the evolution and dispersal of clades in the New World. Our results broaden our understanding of the relationships between phyllostomid bats and climate, filling an important gap in knowledge and suggesting a complex evolution in their occupation of the climatic niche space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H Varzinczak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mauricio O Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Passos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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12
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Arnal P, Coeur d'acier A, Favret C, Godefroid M, Qiao G, Jousselin E, Sanchez Meseguer A. The evolution of climate tolerance in conifer-feeding aphids in relation to their host's climatic niche. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11657-11671. [PMID: 31695876 PMCID: PMC6822038 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate adaptation has major consequences in the evolution and ecology of all living organisms. Though phytophagous insects are an important component of Earth's biodiversity, there are few studies investigating the evolution of their climatic preferences. This lack of research is probably because their evolutionary ecology is thought to be primarily driven by their interactions with their host plants. Here, we use a robust phylogenetic framework and species-level distribution data for the conifer-feeding aphid genus Cinara to investigate the role of climatic adaptation in the diversity and distribution patterns of these host-specialized insects. Insect climate niches were reconstructed at a macroevolutionary scale, highlighting that climate niche tolerance is evolutionarily labile, with closely related species exhibiting strong climatic disparities. This result may suggest repeated climate niche differentiation during the evolutionary diversification of Cinara. Alternatively, it may merely reflect the use of host plants that occur in disparate climatic zones, and thus, in reality the aphid species' fundamental climate niches may actually be similar but broad. Comparisons of the aphids' current climate niches with those of their hosts show that most Cinara species occupy the full range of the climatic tolerance exhibited by their set of host plants, corroborating the hypothesis that the observed disparity in Cinara species' climate niches can simply mirror that of their hosts. However, 29% of the studied species only occupy a subset of their hosts' climatic zone, suggesting that some aphid species do indeed have their own climatic limitations. Our results suggest that in host-specialized phytophagous insects, host associations cannot always adequately describe insect niches and abiotic factors must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Arnal
- CBGPINRACIRADIRDMontpellier SupAgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSEPHESorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | | | - Colin Favret
- Department of Biological SciencesBiodiversity CentreUniversity of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Martin Godefroid
- CBGPINRACIRADIRDMontpellier SupAgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Ge‐Xia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and EvolutionInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Andrea Sanchez Meseguer
- CBGPINRACIRADIRDMontpellier SupAgroUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- CNRSUMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution (ISEM)Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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13
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Rodrigues JFM, Villalobos F, Iverson JB, Diniz-Filho JAF. Climatic niche evolution in turtles is characterized by phylogenetic conservatism for both aquatic and terrestrial species. J Evol Biol 2018; 32:66-75. [PMID: 30387214 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the climatic niche of species evolved has been a topic of high interest in current theoretical and applied macroecological studies. However, little is known regarding how species traits might influence climatic niche evolution. Here, we evaluated patterns of climatic niche evolution in turtles (tortoises and freshwater turtles) and whether species habitat (terrestrial or aquatic) influences these patterns. We used phylogenetic, climatic and distribution data for 261 species to estimate their climatic niches. Then, we compared whether niche overlap between sister species was higher than between random species pairs and evaluated whether niche optima and rates varied between aquatic and terrestrial species. Sister species had higher values of niche overlap than random species pairs, suggesting phylogenetic climatic niche conservatism in turtles. The climatic niche evolution of the group followed an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model with different optimum values for aquatic and terrestrial species, but we did not find consistent evidence of differences in their rates of climatic niche evolution. We conclude that phylogenetic climatic niche conservatism occurs among turtle species. Furthermore, terrestrial and aquatic species occupy different climatic niches but these seem to have evolved at similar evolutionary rates, reinforcing the importance of habitat in understanding species climatic niches and their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Fabrício M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - John B Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana
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14
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García-Navas V, Rodríguez-Rey M. The Evolution of Climatic Niches and its Role in Shaping Diversity Patterns in Diprotodontid Marsupials. J MAMM EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-018-9435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Pie MR, Campos LLF, Meyer ALS, Duran A. The evolution of climatic niches in squamate reptiles. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0268. [PMID: 28679723 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable diversity found in squamate reptiles, most of their species tend to be found in warm/dry environments, suggesting that climatic requirements played a crucial role in their diversification, yet little is known about the evolution of their climatic niches. In this study, we integrate climatic information associated with the geographical distribution of 1882 squamate species and their phylogenetic relationships to investigate the tempo and mode of climatic niche evolution in squamates, both over time and among lineages. We found that changes in climatic niche dynamics were pronounced over their recent squamate evolutionary history, and we identified extensive evidence for rate heterogeneity in squamate climatic niche evolution. Most rate shifts involved accelerations, particularly over the past 50 Myr. Most squamates occupy similar regions of the climatic niche space, with only a few lineages diversifying into colder and humid climatic conditions. The changes from arid to mesic conditions in some regions of the globe may have provided opportunities for climatic niche evolution, although most lineages tended to remain near their ancestral niche. Variation in rates of climatic niche evolution seems common, particularly in response to the availability of new climatic conditions over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio R Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L F Campos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andreas L S Meyer
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Duran
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Simon MN, Marroig G. Evolution of a complex phenotype with biphasic ontogeny: Contribution of development versus function and climatic variation to skull modularity in toads. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10752-10769. [PMID: 29299255 PMCID: PMC5743631 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The theory of morphological integration and modularity predicts that if functional correlations among traits are relevant to mean population fitness, the genetic basis of development will be molded by stabilizing selection to match functional patterns. Yet, how much functional interactions actually shape the fitness landscape is still an open question. We used the anuran skull as a model of a complex phenotype for which we can separate developmental and functional modularity. We hypothesized that functional modularity associated to functional demands of the adult skull would overcome developmental modularity associated to bone origin at the larval phase because metamorphosis would erase the developmental signal. We tested this hypothesis in toad species of the Rhinella granulosa complex using species phenotypic correlation pattern (P-matrices). Given that the toad species are distributed in very distinct habitats and the skull has important functions related to climatic conditions, we also hypothesized that differences in skull trait covariance pattern are associated to differences in climatic variables among species. Functional and hormonal-regulated modules are more conspicuous than developmental modules only when size variation is retained on species P-matrices. Without size variation, there is a clear modularity signal of developmental units, but most species have the functional model as the best supported by empirical data without allometric size variation. Closely related toad species have more similar climatic niches and P-matrices than distantly related species, suggesting phylogenetic niche conservatism. We infer that the modularity signal due to embryonic origin of bones, which happens early in ontogeny, is blurred by the process of growth that occurs later in ontogeny. We suggest that the species differing in the preferred modularity model have different demands on the orbital functional unit and that species contrasting in climate are subjected to divergent patterns of natural selection associated to neurocranial allometry and T3 hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Nouailhetas Simon
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrasil
| | - Gabriel Marroig
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia EvolutivaInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrasil
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17
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Arbour JH, Santana SE. A major shift in diversification rate helps explain macroevolutionary patterns in primate species diversity. Evolution 2017; 71:1600-1613. [PMID: 28346661 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Primates represent one of the most species rich, wide ranging, and ecologically diverse clades of mammals. What major macroevolutionary factors have driven their diversification and contributed to the modern distribution of primate species remains widely debated. We employed phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the role of clade age and evolutionary rate heterogeneity in the modern distribution of species diversity of Primates. Primate diversification has accelerated since its origin, with decreased extinction leading to a shift to even higher evolutionary rates in the most species rich family (Cercopithecidae). Older primate clades tended to be more diverse, however a shift in evolutionary rate was necessary to adequately explain the imbalance in species diversity. Species richness was also poorly explained by geographic distribution, especially once clade age and evolutionary rate shifts were accounted for, and may relate instead to other ecological factors. The global distribution of primate species diversity appears to have been strongly impacted by heterogeneity in evolutionary rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Arbour
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.,Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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