1
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Chen L, Lei X, Mahnke K. Adenosine and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5810. [PMID: 38891997 PMCID: PMC11172165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases highlight inflammation as a central driver of skin pathologies, involving a multiplicity of mediators and cell types, including immune and non-immune cells. Adenosine, a ubiquitous endogenous immune modulator, generated from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), acts via four G protein-coupled receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). Given the widespread expression of those receptors and their regulatory effects on multiple immune signaling pathways, targeting adenosine receptors emerges as a compelling strategy for anti-inflammatory intervention. Animal models of psoriasis, contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and other dermatitis have elucidated the involvement of adenosine receptors in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Targeting adenosine receptors is effective in attenuating inflammation and remodeling the epidermal structure, potentially showing synergistic effects with fewer adverse effects when combined with conventional therapies. What is noteworthy are the promising outcomes observed with A2A agonists in animal models and ongoing clinical trials investigating A3 agonists, underscoring a potential therapeutic approach for the management of inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karsten Mahnke
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (L.C.)
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2
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Marín-Castejón A, Marco-Bonilla M, Terencio MC, Arasa J, Carceller MC, Ferrandiz ML, Noguera MA, Andrés-Ejarque R, Montesinos MC. Adenosine A 2B receptor agonist improves epidermal barrier integrity in a murine model of epidermal hyperplasia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116401. [PMID: 38460363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine regulates multiple physiological processes through the activation of four receptor subtypes, of which the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) has the lowest affinity for adenosine. Being the adenosine receptor subtype most prominently expressed in epidermis, we recently described the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of the selective A2BAR agonist BAY60-6583 (BAY) in human keratinocytes stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), so we sought to establish the effect of topical application of BAY in a model of murine epidermal hyperplasia. Topical application of BAY (1 or 10 μg/site) prevented the inflammatory reaction and skin lesions induced by TPA, minimizing hyperproliferation and acanthosis, as well as the expression of specific markers of proliferative keratinocytes. On the other hand, pre-treatment with the selective A2BAR antagonist, PSB-1115 (PSB, 5 or 50 μg/site) reversed these beneficial effects. Additionally, BAY application normalized the expression of epidermal barrier proteins, whose integrity is altered in inflammatory skin diseases, while treatment with the antagonist alone worsened it. Our results, besides confirming the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of the A2BAR agonist, further demonstrate a role of A2BAR activation to preserve the epidermal barrier. Therefore, the activation of A2BAR may constitute a possible new pharmacological target for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asunción Marín-Castejón
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Marco-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Terencio
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Arasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Carceller
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Luisa Ferrandiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Antonia Noguera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED) Universitat de València, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Andrés-Ejarque
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - M Carmen Montesinos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain; Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Martínez-Navarrete M, Guillot AJ, Lobita MC, Recio MC, Giner R, Aparicio-Blanco J, Montesinos MC, Santos HA, Melero A. Cyclosporin A-loaded dissolving microneedles for dermatitis therapy: Development, characterisation and efficacy in a delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01542-9. [PMID: 38472726 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Several drugs can be used for treating inflammatory skin pathologies like dermatitis and psoriasis. However, for the management of chronic and long-term cases, topical administration is preferred over oral delivery since it prevents certain issues due to systemic side effects from occurring. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been used for this purpose; however, its high molecular weight (1202 Da) restricts the diffusion through the skin structure. Here, we developed a nano-in-micro device combining lipid vesicles (LVs) and dissolving microneedle array patches (DMAPs) for targeted skin delivery. CsA-LVs allowed the effective incorporation of CsA in the hydrophilic DMAP matrix despite the hydrophobicity of the drug. Polymeric matrix composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) (5% w/v), poly (vinyl pyrrolidine) (15% w/v) and CsA-LV dispersion (10% v/v) led to the formation of CsA-LVs@DMAPs with adequate mechanical properties to penetrate the stratum corneum barrier. The safety and biocompatibility were ensured in an in vitro viability test using HaCaT keratinocytes and L929 fibroblast cell lines. Ex vivo permeability studies in a Franz-diffusion cell setup showed effective drug retention in the skin structure. Finally, CsA-LVs@DMAPs were challenged in an in vivo murine model of delayed-type hypersensitivity to corroborate their potential to ameliorate skin inflammatory conditions. Different findings like photon emission reduction in bioluminescence study, normalisation of histological damage and decrease of inflammatory cytokines point out the effectivity of CsA-LVs@DMAPs to treat these conditions. Overall, our study demonstrates that CsA-LVs@DMAPs can downregulate the skin inflammatory environment which paves the way for their clinical translation and their use as an alternative to corticosteroid-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria C Lobita
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - María Carmen Recio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Giner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Carmen Montesinos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), University of Valencia, Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia, Ave. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Ferrari D, Casciano F, Secchiero P, Reali E. Purinergic Signaling and Inflammasome Activation in Psoriasis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179449. [PMID: 34502368 PMCID: PMC8430580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin associated with systemic and joint manifestations and accompanied by comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis has a strong genetic basis, but exacerbation requires additional signals that are still largely unknown. The clinical manifestations involve the interplay between dendritic and T cells in the dermis to generate a self-sustaining inflammatory loop around the TNFα/IL-23/IL-17 axis that forms the psoriatic plaque. In addition, in recent years, a critical role of keratinocytes in establishing the interplay that leads to psoriatic plaques’ formation has re-emerged. In this review, we analyze the most recent evidence of the role of keratinocytes and danger associates molecular patterns, such as extracellular ATP in the generation of psoriatic skin lesions. Particular attention will be given to purinergic signaling in inflammasome activation and in the initiation of psoriasis. In this phase, keratinocytes’ inflammasome may trigger early inflammatory pathways involving IL-1β production, to elicit the subsequent cascade of events that leads to dendritic and T cell activation. Since psoriasis is likely triggered by skin-damaging events and trauma, we can envisage that intracellular ATP, released by damaged cells, may play a role in triggering the inflammatory response underlying the pathogenesis of the disease by activating the inflammasome. Therefore, purinergic signaling in the skin could represent a new and early step of psoriasis; thus, opening the possibility to target single molecular actors of the purinome to develop new psoriasis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (P.S.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Eva Reali
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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5
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Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Pacher P, Haskó G. The Purinergic System as a Pharmacological Target for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:345-382. [PMID: 31235653 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) encompass a wide range of seemingly unrelated conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite differing etiologies, these diseases share common inflammatory pathways, which lead to damage in primary target organs and frequently to a plethora of systemic effects as well. The purinergic signaling complex comprising extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides and their receptors, the P2 and P1 purinergic receptors, respectively, as well as catabolic enzymes and nucleoside transporters is a major regulatory system in the body. The purinergic signaling complex can regulate the development and course of IMIDs. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the role of purinergic signaling in controlling immunity, inflammation, and organ function in IMIDs. In addition, we discuss the possible therapeutic applications of drugs acting on purinergic pathways, which have been entering clinical development, to manage patients suffering from IMIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - Pál Pacher
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy (L.A., C.B.); Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland (P.P.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York (G.H.)
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6
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Jiang BW, Zhang WJ, Wang Y, Tan LP, Bao YL, Song ZB, Yu CL, Wang SY, Liu L, Li YX. Convallatoxin induces HaCaT cell necroptosis and ameliorates skin lesions in psoriasis-like mouse models. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109615. [PMID: 31707343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is considered an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder that affects the quality of life of nearly four percent of the world population. Considering the side effects of existing therapeutic drugs and the urgent need for new drug development, we screened more than 250 traditional Chinese medicine compounds to identify drugs that significantly reduced the viability of human HaCaT keratinocytes, a psoriasis-related model cell line. Convallatoxin (CNT) was found to be a highly effective inhibitor of HaCaT cell viability. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that CNT induced HaCaT cell death by necroptosis rather than by apoptosis. CNT destroyed the membrane integrity of HaCaT cells, as detected by nuclear propidium iodide (PI) staining and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Additionally, the intercellular levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were lower in HaCaT cells treated with CNT than in control HaCaT cells, and typical necroptosis-associated characteristics were observed by electron microscopy in cells treated with CNT. Furthermore, compared with control HaCaT cells, CNT-treated HaCaT cells produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS), but this effect was inhibited by the antioxidants N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), and apocynin and the necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1. In addition, antioxidant treatment attenuated necroptotic cell death, suggesting that CNT-induced HaCaT necroptosis is mediated by oxidative stress. More importantly, CNT ameliorated skin lesions and inflammation in imiquimod (IMQ)- and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced psoriasis-like mouse models. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CNT is cytotoxic against HaCaT cells in vitro and exerts antipsoriatic activities in two mouse models of psoriasis in vivo, making CNT a potential promising candidate drug for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- Research Centre of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Li-Ping Tan
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yong-Li Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Zhen-Bo Song
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chun-Lei Yu
- Research Centre of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Shu-Yue Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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7
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Nitidine chloride induces S phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HaCaT cells and ameliorates skin lesions in psoriasis-like mouse models. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172680. [PMID: 31563649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common dermatosis causing considerable inconvenience to 4% of the general population. Traditional psoriasis treatments often cause side effects, drug resistance and complications, necessitating development of safer and more effective treatments. In this study, we screened over 600 natural compounds to identify viability inhibitors of human HaCaT keratinocytes cultured in vitro. The results showed that nitidine chloride was a highly effective inhibitor. Further studies revealed that nitidine chloride inhibited HaCaT proliferation and induced S phase cell cycle arrest; these effects were associated with reduced DNA synthesis, decreased Ki67, cyclin A, and cyclin D1 levels, and increased p53 protein expression. Nitidine chloride also significantly downregulated bcl-2 and upregulated bax, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. Mechanistic studies revealed that nitidine chloride-induced apoptosis involved the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. More importantly, in 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)- and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation models, nitidine chloride inhibited topical edema in mouse ear and back skin, substantially reducing tissue thickness and weight. In some cases, nitidine chloride also ameliorated conditions caused by TPA and IMQ, such as angiogenesis and infiltration of large numbers of inflammatory cells around blood vessels. Additionally, nitidine chloride inhibited the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines in the two animal models. In conclusion, our results are the first to demonstrate that nitidine chloride inhibits the proliferation of HaCaT cells, induces apoptosis partly via the JNK signaling pathway in vitro and ameliorates skin lesions and inflammation in vivo, making it an appropriate candidate for psoriasis treatment.
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8
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Xu K, Cooney KA, Shin EY, Wang L, Deppen JN, Ginn SC, Levit RD. Adenosine from a biologic source regulates neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1225-1234. [PMID: 30907983 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3vma0918-374r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated in autoimmune, thrombotic, malignant, and inflammatory diseases; however, little is known of their endogenous regulation under basal conditions. Inflammatory effects of neutrophils are modulated by extracellular purines such as adenosine (ADO) that is inhibitory or ATP that generally up-regulates effector functions. In order to evaluate the effects of ADO on NETs, human neutrophils were isolated from peripheral venous blood from healthy donors and stimulated to make NETs. Treatment with ADO inhibited NET production as quantified by 2 methods: SYTOX green fluorescence and human neutrophil elastase (HNE)-DNA ELISA assay. Specific ADO receptor agonist and antagonist were tested for their effects on NET production. The ADO 2A receptor (A2A R) agonist CSG21680 inhibited NETs to a similar degree as ADO, whereas the A2A R antagonist ZM241385 prevented ADO's NET-inhibitory effects. Additionally, CD73 is a membrane bound ectonucleotidase expressed on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that allows manipulation of extracellular purines in tissues such as bone marrow. The effects of MSCs on NET formation were evaluated in coculture. MSCs reduced NET formation in a CD73-dependent manner. These results imply that extracellular purine balance may locally regulate NETosis and may be actively modulated by stromal cells to maintain tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Kimberly A Cooney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric Y Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Juline N Deppen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sydney C Ginn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rebecca D Levit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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Arasa J, Terencio MC, Andrés RM, Marín-Castejón A, Valcuende-Cavero F, Payá M, Montesinos MC. Defective Induction of COX-2 Expression by Psoriatic Fibroblasts Promotes Pro-inflammatory Activation of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:536. [PMID: 30984165 PMCID: PMC6448046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts play an important role as members of the innate immune system through the secretion of COX-2-derived inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, it has been described that dermal fibroblasts behave like mesenchymal stem cells reducing lymphocyte recruitment and dendritic cell activation through PGE2 release. As the role of fibroblasts in psoriasis remains poorly characterized, in the present study we have evaluated the possible influence of PGE2 derived from dermal fibroblasts as modulator of the immune response in psoriatic skin. Our results indicate that under inflammatory conditions, psoriatic fibroblasts showed defective induction of COX-2, which resulted in diminished production of PGE2, in contrast to healthy fibroblasts. This phenotype correlated with deficient c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, in accordance with the hypothesis that alterations in members of the JNK pathway are associated with psoriasis. Furthermore, conditioned medium from psoriatic fibroblasts promoted the polarization of monocytic cells toward a pro-inflammatory profile, effect that was mimicked in healthy fibroblasts after pre-incubation with indomethacin. These results are consistent with a prominent role of dermal fibroblasts in the regulation of inflammatory response through the participation of COX-derived metabolites. This resolutive behavior seems to be defective in psoriatic fibroblasts, offering a possible explanation for the chronification of the disease and for the exacerbation triggered by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arasa
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Terencio
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa María Andrés
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Asunción Marín-Castejón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Valcuende-Cavero
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital La Plana, Vila-real, Spain.,Predepartamental Unit of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Miguel Payá
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Montesinos
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Departament of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1591-1625. [PMID: 29848236 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid generation of adenosine from cellular metabolism, and the widespread distribution of its receptor subtypes in almost all organs and tissues, this nucleoside induces a multitude of physiopathological effects, regulating central nervous, cardiovascular, peripheral, and immune systems. It is becoming clear that the expression patterns of adenosine receptors vary among cell types, lending weight to the idea that they may be both markers of pathologies and useful targets for novel drugs. This review offers an overview of current knowledge on adenosine receptors, including their characteristic structural features, molecular interactions and cellular functions, as well as their essential roles in pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we highlight the latest findings on molecules capable of targeting adenosine receptors and report which stage of drug development they have reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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Rodríguez-Luna A, Ávila-Román J, González-Rodríguez ML, Cózar MJ, Rabasco AM, Motilva V, Talero E. Fucoxanthin-Containing Cream Prevents Epidermal Hyperplasia and UVB-Induced Skin Erythema in Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E378. [PMID: 30308980 PMCID: PMC6212948 DOI: 10.3390/md16100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae represent a source of bio-active compounds such as carotenoids with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin (FX) in both in vitro and in vivo skin models. Firstly, its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages and TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, and its antioxidant activity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Next, in vitro and ex vivo permeation studies were developed to determine the most suitable formulation for in vivo FX topical application. Then, we evaluated the effects of a FX-containing cream on TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia in mice, as well as on UVB-induced acute erythema in hairless mice. Our results confirmed the in vitro reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and LDH production. Since the permeation results showed that cream was the most favourable vehicle, FX-cream was elaborated. This formulation effectively ameliorated TPA-induced hyperplasia, by reducing skin edema, epidermal thickness, MPO activity and COX-2 expression. Moreover, FX-cream reduced UVB-induced erythema through down-regulation of COX-2 and iNOS as well as up-regulation of HO-1 protein via Nrf-2 pathway. In conclusion, FX, administered in a topical formulation, could be a novel natural adjuvant for preventing exacerbations associated with skin inflammatory pathologies as well as protecting skin against UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - María José Cózar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Antonio M Rabasco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Luna A, Talero E, Terencio MDC, González-Rodríguez ML, Rabasco AM, de Los Reyes C, Motilva V, Ávila-Román J. Topical Application of Glycolipids from Isochrysis galbana Prevents Epidermal Hyperplasia in Mice. Mar Drugs 2017; 16:E2. [PMID: 29295585 PMCID: PMC5793050 DOI: 10.3390/md16010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis have a significant impact on society. Currently, the major topical treatments have many side effects, making their continued use in patients difficult. Microalgae have emerged as a source of bio-active molecules such as glycolipids with potent anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to investigate the effects of a glycolipid (MGMG-A) and a glycolipid fraction (MGDG) obtained from the microalga Isochrysis galbana on a TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia murine model. In a first set of experiments, we examined the preventive effects of MGMG-A and MGDG dissolved in acetone on TPA-induced hyperplasia model in mice. In a second step, we performed an in vivo permeability study by using rhodamine-containing cream, ointment, or gel to determinate the formulation that preserves the skin architecture and reaches deeper. The selected formulation was assayed to ensure the stability and enhanced permeation properties of the samples in an ex vivo experiment. Finally, MGDG-containing cream was assessed in the hyperplasia murine model. The results showed that pre-treatment with acetone-dissolved glycolipids reduced skin edema, epidermal thickness, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17) in epidermal tissue. The in vivo and ex vivo permeation studies showed that the cream formulation had the best permeability profile. In the same way, MGDG-cream formulation showed better permeation than acetone-dissolved preparation. MGDG-cream application attenuated TPA-induced skin edema, improved histopathological features, and showed a reduction of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. In addition, this formulation inhibited epidermal expression of COX-2 in a similar way to dexamethasone. Our results suggest that an MGDG-containing cream could be an emerging therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory skin pathologies such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Del Carmen Terencio
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
- Institute of Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), 46100 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Antonio M Rabasco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Carolina de Los Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Ialenti A, Caiazzo E, Morello S, Carnuccio R, Cicala C. Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist, 2-p-(2-Carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine Hydrochloride Hydrate, Inhibits Inflammation and Increases Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Tissue Expression in Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:221-228. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Górnikiewicz B, Ronowicz A, Madanecki P, Sachadyn P. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of the regenerative MRL/MpJ mouse and two normal strains. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1105-1122. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to identify the pivotal differences in the DNA methylation profiles between the regeneration capable MRL/MpJ mouse and reference mouse strains. Materials & methods: Global DNA methylation profiling was performed in ear pinnae, bone marrow, spleen, liver and heart from uninjured adult females of the MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6J and BALB/c. Results & conclusion: A number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) distinguishing between the MRL/MpJ mouse and both references were identified. In the ear pinnae, the DMRs were enriched in genes associated with development, inflammation and apoptosis, and in binding sites of transcriptional modulator Smad1. Several DMRs overlapped previously mapped quantitative trait loci of regenerative capability. The results suggest potential epigenetic determinants of regenerative phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Górnikiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology & Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowicz
- Department of Biology & Pharmaceutical Botany of Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Department of Biology & Pharmaceutical Botany of Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology & Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors Differentially Modulate Keratinocyte Proliferation: Possible Deregulation in Psoriatic Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gessi S, Merighi S, Borea PA. Targeting adenosine receptors to prevent inflammatory skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:553-4. [PMID: 24961687 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine mediates its effects through activation of a family of four G-protein-coupled receptors, named A1 , A2A , A2B and A3 . This nucleoside plays an important role in immunity and inflammation, and the A2A adenosine receptor subtype has a key role in the inhibition of inflammatory processes besides promoting wound healing. In this issue of Experimental Dermatology, Arasa et al. show that the topical application of a selective A2A agonist, CGS 21680, to mouse skin reduced epidermal hyperplasia as well as skin inflammation, similarly to topical corticoids, without side effects like skin atrophy. Rigorously following up this work is important for the development of novel treatment strategies for chronic hyperproliferative inflammatory dermatoses, such as targeting the A2A adenosine receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Science, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Varani K. Adenosine as a Multi-Signalling Guardian Angel in Human Diseases: When, Where and How Does it Exert its Protective Effects? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:419-434. [PMID: 26944097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of adenosine for human health cannot be overstated. Indeed, this ubiquitous nucleoside is an integral component of ATP, and regulates the function of every tissue and organ in the body. Acting via receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms [the former mediated via four G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), A1, A2A, A2B, and A3,], it has a significant role in protecting against cell damage in areas of increased tissue metabolism, and combating organ dysfunction in numerous pathological states. Accordingly, raised levels of adenosine have been demonstrated in epilepsy, ischaemia, pain, inflammation, and cancer, in which its behaviour can be likened to that of a guardian angel, even though there are instances in which overproduction of adenosine is pathological. In this review, we condense the current body of knowledge on the issue, highlighting when, where, and how adenosine exerts its protective effects in both the brain and the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Jones KR, Kang EM. Graft versus host disease: New insights into A2A receptor agonist therapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2014; 13:101-5. [PMID: 25709759 PMCID: PMC4334952 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic transplantation can cure many disorders, including sickle cell disease, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and many types of cancers. However, there are several associated risks that can result in severe immunological reactions and, in some cases, death. Much of this morbidity is related to graft versus host disease (GVHD) [1]. GVHD is an immune mediated reaction in which donor T cells recognize the host as antigenically foreign, causing donor T cells to expand and attack host tissues. The current method of treating recent transplant patients with immunosuppressants to prevent this reaction has met with only partial success, emphasizing a need for new methods of GVHD treatment and prevention. Recently, a novel strategy has emerged targeting adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) through the use of adenosine agonists. These agonists have been shown in vitro to increase the TGFβ-induced generation of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and in vivo to improve weight gain and mortality as well as inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in GVHD murine models [2,3]. Positive results involving A2AR agonists in vitro and in vivo are promising, suggesting that A2AR agonists should be a part of the management of clinical GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie R Jones
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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