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Zheng W, Li H, Go Y, Chan XH(F, Huang Q, Wu J. Research Advances on the Damage Mechanism of Skin Glycation and Related Inhibitors. Nutrients 2022; 14:4588. [PMID: 36364850 PMCID: PMC9655929 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Our skin is an organ with the largest contact area between the human body and the external environment. Skin aging is affected directly by both endogenous factors and exogenous factors (e.g., UV exposure). Skin saccharification, a non-enzymatic reaction between proteins, e.g., dermal collagen and naturally occurring reducing sugars, is one of the basic root causes of endogenous skin aging. During the reaction, a series of complicated glycation products produced at different reaction stages and pathways are usually collectively referred to as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs cause cellular dysfunction through the modification of intracellular molecules and accumulate in tissues with aging. AGEs are also associated with a variety of age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal failure (uremia), and Alzheimer's disease. AGEs accumulate in the skin with age and are amplified through exogenous factors, e.g., ultraviolet radiation, resulting in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, dull yellowing, and other skin problems. This article focuses on the damage mechanism of glucose and its glycation products on the skin by summarizing the biochemical characteristics, compositions, as well as processes of the production and elimination of AGEs. One of the important parts of this article would be to summarize the current AGEs inhibitors to gain insight into the anti-glycation mechanism of the skin and the development of promising natural products with anti-glycation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Zheng
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huijuan Li
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuyo Go
- Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Qing Huang
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Skin Health and Cosmetic Development & Evaluation Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Combined Treatment of Monopolar and Bipolar Radiofrequency Increases Skin Elasticity by Decreasing the Accumulation of Advanced Glycated End Products in Aged Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062993. [PMID: 35328415 PMCID: PMC8950306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that skin aging is related to the destruction of collagen and elastin fibers by metalloproteinases (MMPs). Aged fibroblasts have a decreased ability to synthesize collagen and elastin. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) involves glyoxalase (GLO) activation, which inhibits the production of advanced glycated end products (AGE) and the expression of its receptor (RAGE). RAGE increases nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which upregulates MMPs and decreases skin elasticity. NRF2 also decreases M1 macrophages, which secrete tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), thereby decreasing AGE production. It is well known that radiofrequency (RF) decreases skin elasticity by increasing collagen synthesis. We evaluated whether RF increases skin elasticity via NRF2/GLO and whether they decrease AGE and RAGE expression in aged animal skin. We also compared the effects of RF based on the modes (monopolar or bipolar) or the combination used. In aged skin, NRF2, GLO-1, and M2 macrophage expression was decreased, and their expression increased when RF was applied. M1 and TNF-α demonstrated increased expression in the aged skin and decreased expression after RF application. AGE accumulation and RAGE, NF-κB, and MMP2/3/9 expression were increased in the aged skin, and they were decreased by RF. The papillary and reticular fibroblast markers showed decreased expression in young skin and increased expression in aged skin. The densities of collagen and elastin fiber in the aged skin were low, and they were increased by RF. In conclusion, RF leads to increased collagen and elastin fibers by increasing NRF2/GLO-1 and modulating M1/M2 polarization, which leads to decreased AGE and RAGE and, consequently, decreased NF-κB, which eventually slows collagen and elastin destruction. RF also leads to increased collagen and elastin fiber synthesis by increasing papillary and reticular fibroblast expression.
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Yumnam S, Subedi L, Kim SY. Glyoxalase System in the Progression of Skin Aging and Skin Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010310. [PMID: 33396745 PMCID: PMC7794849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicarbonyl compounds, including methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), are mainly formed as byproducts of glucose metabolism. The main glyoxalase system consists of glyoxalase I and II (Glo1 and Glo2) and is the main enzyme involved in the detoxification of dicarbonyl stress, which occurs as an accumulation of MGO or GO due to decreased activity or expression of Glo1. Dicarbonyl stress is a major cause of cellular and tissue dysfunction that causes various health issues, including diabetes, aging, and cancer. The skin is the largest organ in the body. In this review, we discuss the role of the glyoxalase system in the progression of skin aging, and more importantly, skin malignancies. We also discuss the future prospects of the glyoxalase system in other skin abnormalities such as psoriasis and vitiligo, including hyperpigmentation. Finally, in the present review, we suggest the role of glyoxalase in the progression of skin aging and glyoxalase system as a potential target for anticancer drug development for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Yumnam
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (S.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Lalita Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (S.Y.); (L.S.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (S.Y.); (L.S.)
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-820-4931
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Cao C, Xiao Z, Wu Y, Ge C. Diet and Skin Aging-From the Perspective of Food Nutrition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E870. [PMID: 32213934 PMCID: PMC7146365 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We regularly face primary challenges in deciding what to eat to maintain young and healthy skin, defining a healthy diet and the role of diet in aging. The topic that currently attracts maximum attention is ways to maintain healthy skin and delay skin aging. Skin is the primary barrier that protects the body from external aggressions. Skin aging is a complex biological process, categorized as chronological aging and photo-aging, and is affected by internal factors and external factors. With the rapid breakthrough of medicine in prolonging human life and the rapid deterioration of environmental conditions, it has become urgent to find safe and effective methods to treat skin aging. For diet, as the main way for the body to obtain energy and nutrients, people have gradually realized its importance to the skin. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the skin structure, aging manifestations, and possible mechanisms, summarize the research progress, challenges, possible directions of diet management, and effects of foodborne antioxidants on skin aging from the perspective of food and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Cao
- Livestock Product Processing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (C.C.); (Z.X.)
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’ an, Sichuan 625014, China;
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- Livestock Product Processing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (C.C.); (Z.X.)
- College of Food Science and technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yinglong Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’ an, Sichuan 625014, China;
| | - Changrong Ge
- Livestock Product Processing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (C.C.); (Z.X.)
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Cecropia pachystachya Leaves Present Potential to Be Used as New Ingredient for Antiaging Dermocosmetics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8263934. [PMID: 31073319 PMCID: PMC6470440 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8263934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several biological activities have been reported for leaf extracts of Cecropia pachystachya species, including antioxidant and wound healing activities. This study aims to report, for the first time, the antiaging potential of the hydroethanolic (HE) and the ethanolic (EE) extracts obtained from the leaves of C. pachystachya using different in vitro assays. Both HE and EE presented relevant antioxidant capacity in different models, including phosphomolybdenum, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Their ability to prevent the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was also evaluated, and both extracts showed important activity, especially HE. The extracts also stimulated the fibroblasts proliferation in vitro, specialized cells that produce several mediators which maintain the skin integrity and youthfulness. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was not observed for this lineage or HEK-293, human embryonic kidney cells widely used to evaluate cytotoxicity of chemical compounds. HE also exhibited the ability to inhibit the collagenase (metalloproteinase MMP-2) and elastase activities. The total phenolic and flavonoids contents were also determined. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the flavonoids orientin and iso-orientin, which were quantified to be used as chemical markers. The results suggested that the extracts of C. pachystachya leaves present the potential to be used in dermocosmetic formulations to prevent the skin aging process, which attracts the attention of pharmaceutical companies and researchers interested in the development of novel ingredients likely to be used as active principles in antiaging products.
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Trellu S, Courties A, Jaisson S, Gorisse L, Gillery P, Kerdine-Römer S, Vaamonde-Garcia C, Houard X, Ekhirch FP, Sautet A, Friguet B, Jacques C, Berenbaum F, Sellam J. Impairment of glyoxalase-1, an advanced glycation end-product detoxifying enzyme, induced by inflammation in age-related osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:18. [PMID: 30635030 PMCID: PMC6330409 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) is involved in age-related osteoarthritis (OA). Glyoxalase (Glo)-1 is the main enzyme involved in the removal of AGE precursors, especially carboxymethyl-lysine (CML). We aimed to investigate the expression of several AGEs and Glo-1 in human OA cartilage and to study chondrocytic Glo-1 regulation by inflammation, mediated by interleukin (IL)-1β. METHODS Ex vivo, we quantified AGEs (pentosidine, CML, methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone-1) in knee cartilage from 30 OA patients. Explants were also incubated with and without IL-1β, and we assessed Glo-1 protein expression and enzymatic activity. In vitro, primary cultured murine chondrocytes were stimulated with increasing concentrations of IL-1β to assess Glo-1 enzymatic activity and expression. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in the IL-1β effect, cells were also treated with inhibitors of mitochondrial oxidative stress or nitric oxide synthase. RESULTS Ex vivo, only the human cartilage CML content was correlated with patient age (r = 0.78, p = 0.0031). No statistically significant correlation was found between Glo-1 protein expression and enzymatic activity in human cartilage and patient age. We observed that cartilage explant stimulation with IL-1β decreased Glo-1 protein expression and enzymatic activity. In vitro, we observed a dose-dependent decrease in Glo-1 mRNA, protein quantity, and enzymatic activity in response to IL-1β in murine chondrocytes. Inhibitors of oxidative stress blunted this downregulation. CONCLUSION Glo-1 is impaired by inflammation mediated by IL-1β in chondrocytes through oxidative stress pathways and may explain age-dependent accumulation of the AGE CML in OA cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Trellu
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Alice Courties
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- UMR MEDyC CNRS/URCA 7369, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Laëtitia Gorisse
- UMR MEDyC CNRS/URCA 7369, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- UMR MEDyC CNRS/URCA 7369, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Saadia Kerdine-Römer
- INSERM UMR 996, Univ Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Carlos Vaamonde-Garcia
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
- Department of Physiotherapy, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Medicine and Biological Science. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Xavier Houard
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Sautet
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- UMR 8256 - IBPS, CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM U1164, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Jacques
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Sellam
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS_938, CRSA, Paris, France
- Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine Hospital, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
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Zhang S, Duan E. Fighting against Skin Aging: The Way from Bench to Bedside. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:729-738. [PMID: 29692196 PMCID: PMC6047276 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717725755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most voluminous organ of the body that is exposed to the outer environment, the skin suffers from both intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, laxity, and rough-textured appearance. This aging process is accompanied with phenotypic changes in cutaneous cells as well as structural and functional changes in extracellular matrix components such as collagens and elastin. In this review, we summarize these changes in skin aging, research advances of the molecular mechanisms leading to these changes, and the treatment strategies aimed at preventing or reversing skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Central laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Lab of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Frandsen JR, Narayanasamy P. Neuroprotection through flavonoid: Enhancement of the glyoxalase pathway. Redox Biol 2018; 14:465-473. [PMID: 29080525 PMCID: PMC5680520 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase pathway functions to detoxify reactive dicarbonyl compounds, most importantly methylglyoxal. The glyoxalase pathway is an antioxidant defense mechanism that is essential for neuroprotection. Excessive concentrations of methylglyoxal have deleterious effects on cells, leading to increased levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. Neurodegenerative diseases - including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Aging and Autism Spectrum Disorder - are often induced or exacerbated by accumulation of methylglyoxal. Antioxidant compounds possess several distinct mechanisms that enhance the glyoxalase pathway and function as neuroprotectants. Flavonoids are well-researched secondary plant metabolites that appear to be effective in reducing levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in neural cells. Novel flavonoids could be designed, synthesized and tested to protect against neurodegenerative diseases through regulating the glyoxalase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel R Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA.
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Wolf P, de Gruijl F. Focus theme issue December 2016: Photobiology & photodermatology: "Photobiology first". Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:935-936. [PMID: 27897336 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Farrar MD. Advanced glycation end products in skin ageing and photoageing: what are the implications for epidermal function? Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:947-948. [PMID: 27193836 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Farrar
- Centre for Dermatology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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