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Guo MS, Wu Q, Dong TT, Tsim KWK. The UV-induced uptake of melanosome by skin keratinocyte is triggered by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated phagocytosis. FEBS J 2023; 290:724-744. [PMID: 36048140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The melanosome is an organelle that produces melanin for skin pigmentation, which is synthesized by epidermal melanocytes, subsequently transported and internalized by epidermal keratinocytes. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) from sunlight radiation is a major stimulator of melanosome uptake by keratinocytes. Acetylcholine (ACh) is known to be released by keratinocytes under UV exposure, which regulates melanin production in melanocytes by participating in which has been named as 'skin synapse'. Here, the role of cholinergic molecules, i.e. ACh and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), in regulating melanosome uptake through phagocytosis by keratinocytes was illustrated. In cultured keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), the fluorescent beads at different sizes imitating melanosomes, or melanosomes, were phagocytosed under UV exposure. The UV-induced phagocytosis in keratinocytes was markedly increased by applied ACh, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor or an α7 nAChR agonist. By contrast, the antagonist of α7 nAChR was able to fully block the UV-induced phagocytosis, suggesting the role of α7 nAChR in this event. The intracellular Ca++ mobilization was triggered by UV exposure, accounting for the initiation of phagocytosis. The blockage of UV-mediated Ca++ mobilization, triggered by BAPTA-AM or α7 nAChR antagonist, resulted in a complete termination of phagocytosis. Besides, the phosphorylation of cofilin, as well as expression and activation of RhoA, accounting for phagocytosis was induced by UV exposure: the phosphorylation was blocked by BAPTA-AM or α7 nAChR antagonist. The result suggests that the cholinergic system, especially α7 nAChR, is playing a regulatory role in modulating melanosome uptake in keratinocytes being induced by UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Suisui Guo
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina Tingxia Dong
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Bioresources, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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Stegemann A, Raker V, Del Rey A, Steinbrink K, Böhm M. Expression of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Is Critically Required for the Antifibrotic Effect of PHA-543613 on Skin Fibrosis. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:446-456. [PMID: 34120115 DOI: 10.1159/000517772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeting the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has recently been suggested as a potential new treatment for fibrotic skin diseases. Here, we performed a genetic and pharmacologic approach to clarify the role of this receptor in the bleomycin (BLM) mouse model of skin fibrosis using α7nAChR KO mice. METHODS We analyzed the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in murine skin using quantitative RT-PCR, pepsin digestion/SDS-PAGE of proteins and performed hydroxyproline assays as well as histological/immunohistochemical staining of skin sections. To identity the target cells of the α7nAChR agonist PHA-543613, we used murine dermal fibroblasts (MDF). We tested their response to the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and utilized gene silencing to elucidate the role of the α7nAChR. RESULTS We confirmed our previous findings on C3H/HeJ mice and detected a suppressive effect of PHA-543613 on BLM-induced skin fibrosis in the mouse strain C57BL/6J. This antifibrotic effect of PHA-543613 was abrogated in α7nAChR-KO mice. Interestingly, α7nAChR-KO animals exhibited a basal profibrotic signature by higher RNA expression of ECM genes and hydroxyproline content than WT mice. In WT MDF, PHA-543613 suppressed ECM gene expression induced by TGF-β1. Gene silencing of α7nAChR by small interfering RNA neutralized the effects of PHA-543613 on TGF-β1-mediated ECM gene expression. CONCLUSION In summary, we have identified the α7nAChR as the essential mediator of the antifibrotic effect of PHA-543613. MDF are directly targeted by PHA-543613 to suppress collagen synthesis. Our findings emphasize therapeutic exploitation of α7nAChR receptor agonists in fibrotic skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Stegemann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adriana Del Rey
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Pourheydar B, Samadi M, Habibi P, Nikibakhsh AA, Naderi R. Renoprotective effects of tropisetron through regulation of the TGF-β1, p53 and matrix metalloproteinases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 335:109332. [PMID: 33387473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major cause of renal failure in diabetic nephropathy. Tropisetron is an antagonist of the 5HT3 receptor that exhibits anti-fibrosis effects. The present research aimed to investigate the protected role of tropisetron against renal fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy and its molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were allocated into 5 groups of control, tropisetron, diabetes, tropisetron + diabetes, and glibenclamide + diabetes (n = 7). After induction of type 1 diabetes with a single injection of STZ, tropisetron (3 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) were given to the rats daily by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. The obtained data revealed that the treatment of diabetic rats with tropisetron led to a significant decrease in the elevated blood glucose, serum cystatin c, and urinary total protein (UTP) level, indicating the improvement of the impaired kidney function. Moreover, the results of Masson's trichrome staining showed that fibrosis attenuated in the kidney of diabetic rats after tropisetron treatment. RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that TGF-β1, the apoptotic mediator, and p53 were considerably declined in the kidney of diabetic rats in response to tropisetron treatment. Meanwhile, the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were increased. These notable effects were equipotent with glibenclamide, as a standard drug, suggesting that tropisetron can alleviate renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Our data indicate that tropisetron could improve kidney function and attenuate renal fibrosis through regulation of TGF-β1, p53, and expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Pourheydar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Samadi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parisa Habibi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Nikibakhsh
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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4
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Böhm M, Paus R. Towards a renaissance of dermatoendocrinology: Selected current frontiers. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:786-789. [PMID: 33319935 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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Ramot Y, Böhm M, Paus R. Translational Neuroendocrinology of Human Skin: Concepts and Perspectives. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:60-74. [PMID: 32981840 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human skin responds to numerous neurohormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters that reach it via the vasculature or skin nerves, and/or are generated intracutaneously, thus acting in a para- and autocrine manner. This review focuses on how neurohormones impact on human skin physiology and pathology. We highlight basic concepts, major open questions, and translational research perspectives in cutaneous neuroendocrinology and argue that greater emphasis on neuroendocrine human skin research will foster the development of novel dermatological therapies. Furthermore, human skin and its appendages can be used as highly accessible and clinically relevant model systems for probing nonclassical, ancestral neurohormone functions. This calls for close interdisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists, skin biologists, neuroendocrinologists, and neuropharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Markus Böhm
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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6
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Stegemann A, Böhm M. Targeting the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-A novel road towards the future treatment of skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:924-931. [PMID: 32780438 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of the superfamily of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. The natural ligand for nAChRs is the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Among the nAChRs is the α7nAChR. It is not only expressed by neural tissues but also in the skin. A number of different resident cutaneous cell types including epidermal keratinocytes, sebocytes and dermal fibroblasts express functional α7nAChR. Moreover, cells of the immune system such as lymphocytes, macrophages and monocytes, playing an important role in skin homeostasis, also express α7nAChR. Translational research focusing on the exploitation of the α7nAChR in dermatology has revealed that this neuroendocrine receptor could be promising target for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. For example, α7nAChR agonists can counteract transforming growth factor-β1-mediated responses in dermal fibroblasts, key effector cells in scleroderma. In accordance with this α7nAChR, agonists are effective in both inflammation and non-inflammation-driven models of experimentally induced skin fibrosis. Moreover, α7nAChR agonists can modulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines in epidermal keratinocytes that are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases. Finally, the capability of α7nAChR agonists to suppress ultraviolet light A/B-induced responses, for example production of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, the latter crucially involved in dermal photoageing, points to a potential of such agents in the prevention of extrinsic skin ageing. Therefore, emphasis on translational research targeting the α7nAChR in skin may lead to the development of new treatment and prevention modalities against fibrosclerotic skin diseases, psoriasis vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, acne, photodermatoses and extrinsic skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Böhm
- Dept. of Dermatology, University of Münster, Germany
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Soeberdt M, Kilic A, Abels C. Current and emerging treatments targeting the neuroendocrine system for disorders of the skin and its appendages. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:801-813. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Kilic
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel Bielefeld Germany
| | - Christoph Abels
- Dr. August Wolff GmbH & Co. KG Arzneimittel Bielefeld Germany
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Rashidi M, Bazi A, Shiran MR, Bagheri A, Mehrabadi AR, Kalantar H, Ghafouri Z, Hosseini SM. Tropisetron attenuates tumor growth and progression in an experimental model of mouse lung cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1610-1622. [PMID: 31535406 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The antineoplastic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists have been shown in previous studies. However, the exact underlying mechanisms mediating these antineoplastic effects are unclear. In the present study, we assessed the antineoplastic effects of tropisetron, a 5-HT receptor antagonist, in an experimental model of lung cancer in BALB/c mouse. Lewis lung carcinoma cell line was used to induce lung cancer. Mice were divided into four groups (n = 6) as follows: tumor-bearing mice + tropisetron (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP]), tumor-bearing mice + tropisetron (10 mg/kg IP), tumor-bearing mice + saline, healthy mice + tropisetron (10 mg/kg). Tumor burden, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, pathological response, Ki-67, and E-cadherin were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Comet assay was used to assess DNA toxicity. Tropisetrone-treated animals (either 5 or 10 mg/kg) showed significantly lower tumor sizes at the day 24th after tumor induction. Tropisetron received animals also showed significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, E-cadherin, pathologic response, and necrotic cells compared to the saline-treated counterparts. In addition, the levels of IL-4, and Ki-67 were significantly lower in tropisetrone treated mice in comparison with control. Furthermore, tropisteron coadministration signifcantly reduced H2 O2 -induced DNA toxicity while treatment with tropisteron alone showed no adverse effect on DNA. Tropisetrone can be used as a potential antineoplastic drug in lung cancer. This agent can promote its antineoplastic effects in part through modulating inflammatory and proliferating markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Shiran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas R Mehrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sayed M Hosseini
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wolf P, de Gruijl F. Focus theme issue December 2016: Photobiology & photodermatology: "Photobiology first". Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:935-936. [PMID: 27897336 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frank de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Protective effects of tropisetron on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:589-595. [PMID: 28686973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) causes morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of tropisetron against AP induced by cerulein. Cerulein (50μg/kg, 5 doses) was used to induce AP in mice. Six hours after final cerulein injection, animals were decapitated. Hepatic/pancreatic enzymes in the serum, pancreatic content of malondialdehyde (MDA), pro-inflammatory cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Tropisetron significantly attenuated pancreatic injury markers and decreased the amount of elevated serum amylase, lipase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), MPO activities and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels caused by AP in mice. Tropisetron didn't affect the pancreatic levels of MDA. Our results suggest that tropisetron could attenuate cerulein-induced AP by combating inflammatory signaling. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in patients with AP.
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Torshin IY, Gromova OA, Sardaryan IS, Fedotova LE. A comparative chemoreactome analysis of mexidol. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:75-83. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171171275-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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