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Combarel D, Dousset L, Bouchet S, Ferrer F, Tetu P, Lebbe C, Ciccolini J, Meyer N, Paci A. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancers: Treatment optimization - Part I. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 199:104384. [PMID: 38762217 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A multitude of TKI has been developed and approved targeting various oncogenetic alterations. While these have provided improvements in efficacy compared with conventional chemotherapies, resistance to targeted therapies occurs. Mutations in the kinase domain result in the inability of TKI to inactivate the protein kinase. Also, gene amplification, increased protein expression and downstream activation or bypassing of signalling pathways are commonly reported mechanisms of resistance. Improved understanding of mechanisms involved in TKI resistance has resulted in the development of new generations of targeted agents. In a race against time, the search for new, more potent and efficient drugs, and/or combinations of drugs, remains necessary as new resistance mechanisms to the latest generation of TKI emerge. This review examines the various generations of TKI approved to date and their common mechanisms of resistance, focusing on TKI targeting BCR-ABL, epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase and BRAF/MEK tyrosine kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Combarel
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie et Pathologie médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Service de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92 296, France
| | - Léa Dousset
- Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchet
- Département de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; SMARTc Unit, CRCM Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille Univ and APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Tetu
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Dermatology, Paris 7 Diderot University, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbe
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Dermatology, Paris 7 Diderot University, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTc Unit, CRCM Inserm U1068, Aix Marseille Univ and APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037-CRCT, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Paci
- Service de Pharmacologie, Département de Biologie et Pathologie médicales, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Service de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry 92 296, France.
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Lai WY, Chuang TP, Borenäs M, Lind DE, Hallberg B, Palmer RH. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase signaling stabilizes SLC3A2 expression via MARCH11 to promote neuroblastoma cell growth. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01319-0. [PMID: 38858548 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute Carrier Family 3, Member 2 (SLC3A2 or 4F2hc) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that mediates integrin-dependent signaling, acts as a trafficking chaperone for amino acid transporters, and is involved in polyamine transportation. We identified SLC3A2 as a potential Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) interacting partner in a BioID-proximity labeling screen in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. In this work we show that endogenous SLC3A2 and ALK interact in NB cells and that this SLC3A2:ALK interaction was abrogated upon treatment with the ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. We show here that loss of ALK activity leads to decreased SLC3A2 expression and reduced SLC3A2 protein stability in a panel of NB cell lines, while stimulation of ALK with ALKAL2 ligand resulted in increased SLC3A2 protein levels. We further identified MARCH11, an E3 ligase, as a regulator of SLC3A2 ubiquitination downstream of ALK. Further, knockdown of SLC3A2 resulted in inhibition of NB cell growth. To investigate the therapeutic potential of SLC3A2 targeting, we performed monotreatment of NB cells with AMXT-1501 (a polyamine transport inhibitor), which showed only moderate effects in NB cells. In contrast, a combination lorlatinib/AMXT-1501 treatment resulted in synergistic inhibition of cell growth in ALK-driven NB cell lines. Taken together, our results identify a novel role for the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), working in concert with the MARCH11 E3 ligase, in regulating SLC3A2 protein stability and function in NB cells. The synergistic effect of combined ALK and polyamine transport inhibition shows that ALK/MARCH11/SLC3A2 regulation of amino acid transport is important for oncogenic growth and survival in NB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Lai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tzu-Po Chuang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Borenäs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan E Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Miranda A, Pattnaik S, Hamilton PT, Fuss MA, Kalaria S, Laumont CM, Smazynski J, Mesa M, Banville A, Jiang X, Jenkins R, Cañadas I, Nelson BH. N-MYC impairs innate immune signaling in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5428. [PMID: 38748789 PMCID: PMC11095474 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) is a challenging disease, especially for patients with immunologically "cold" tumors devoid of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We found that HGSC exhibits among the highest levels of MYCN expression and transcriptional signature across human cancers, which is strongly linked to diminished features of antitumor immunity. N-MYC repressed basal and induced IFN type I signaling in HGSC cell lines, leading to decreased chemokine expression and T cell chemoattraction. N-MYC inhibited the induction of IFN type I by suppressing tumor cell-intrinsic STING signaling via reduced STING oligomerization, and by blunting RIG-I-like receptor signaling through inhibition of MAVS aggregation and localization in the mitochondria. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human clinical HGSC samples revealed a strong negative association between cancer cell-intrinsic MYCN transcriptional program and type I IFN signaling. Thus, N-MYC inhibits tumor cell-intrinsic innate immune signaling in HGSC, making it a compelling target for immunotherapy of cold tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Miranda
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Swetansu Pattnaik
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 370 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Phineas T. Hamilton
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Shreena Kalaria
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Céline M. Laumont
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Monica Mesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
| | - Allyson Banville
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xinpei Jiang
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell Jenkins
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Israel Cañadas
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brad H. Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada
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Valencia-Sama I, Kee L, Christopher G, Ohh M, Layeghifard M, Shlien A, Hayes MN, Irwin MS. SHP2 Inhibition with TNO155 Increases Efficacy and Overcomes Resistance of ALK Inhibitors in Neuroblastoma. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2608-2622. [PMID: 38032104 PMCID: PMC10752212 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Survival rates among patients with high-risk neuroblastoma remain low and novel therapies for recurrent neuroblastomas are required. ALK is commonly mutated in primary and relapsed neuroblastoma tumors and ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are promising treatments for ALK-driven neuroblastoma; however, innate or adaptive resistance to single-agent ALK-TKIs remain a clinical challenge. Recently, SHP2 inhibitors have been shown to overcome ALK-TKI resistance in lung tumors harboring ALK rearrangements. Here, we have assessed the efficacy of the SHP2 inhibitor TNO155 alone and in combination with the ALK-TKIs crizotinib, ceritinib, or lorlatinib for the treatment of ALK-driven neuroblastoma using in vitro and in vivo models. In comparison to wild-type, ALK-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines were more sensitive to SHP2 inhibition with TNO155. Moreover, treatment with TNO155 and ALK-TKIs synergistically reduced cell growth and promoted inactivation of ALK and MAPK signaling in ALK-mutant neuroblastoma cells. ALK-mutant cells engrafted into larval zebrafish and treated with single agents or dual SHP2/ALK inhibitors showed reduced growth and invasion. In murine ALK-mutant xenografts, tumor growth was likewise reduced or delayed, and survival was prolonged upon combinatorial treatment of TNO155 and lorlatinib. Finally, we show that lorlatinib-resistant ALK-F1174L neuroblastoma cells harbor additional RAS-MAPK pathway alterations and can be resensitized to lorlatinib when combined with TNO155 in vitro and in vivo. Our results report the first evaluation of TNO155 in neuroblastoma and suggest that combinatorial inhibition of ALK and SHP2 could be a novel approach to treating ALK-driven neuroblastoma, potentially including the increasingly common tumors that have developed resistance to ALK-TKIs. SIGNIFICANCE These findings highlight the translatability between zebrafish and murine models, provide evidence of aberrant RAS-MAPK signaling as an adaptive mechanism of resistance to lorlatinib, and demonstrate the clinical potential for SHP2/ALK inhibitor combinations for the treatment of ALK-mutant neuroblastoma, including those with acquired tolerance or potentially resistance to ALK-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynn Kee
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mehdi Layeghifard
- Genetics and Genomics Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Genetics and Genomics Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Madeline N. Hayes
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Meredith S. Irwin
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Smiles WJ, Catalano L, Stefan VE, Weber DD, Kofler B. Metabolic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101771. [PMID: 37414143 PMCID: PMC10362370 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a paediatric malignancy of incredibly complex aetiology. Oncogenic protein kinase signalling in neuroblastoma has conventionally focussed on transduction through the well-characterised PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, in which the latter has been implicated in treatment resistance. The discovery of the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK as a target of genetic alterations in cases of familial and sporadic neuroblastoma, was a breakthrough in the understanding of the complex genetic heterogeneity of neuroblastoma. However, despite progress in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of ALK, treatment resistance frequently arises and appears to be a feature of the disease. Moreover, since the identification of ALK, several additional protein kinases, including the PIM and Aurora kinases, have emerged not only as drivers of the disease phenotype, but also as promising druggable targets. This is particularly the case for Aurora-A, given its intimate engagement with MYCN, a driver oncogene of aggressive neuroblastoma previously considered 'undruggable.' SCOPE OF REVIEW Aided by significant advances in structural biology and a broader understanding of the mechanisms of protein kinase function and regulation, we comprehensively outline the role of protein kinase signalling, emphasising ALK, PIM and Aurora in neuroblastoma, their respective metabolic outputs, and broader implications for targeted therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Despite massively divergent regulatory mechanisms, ALK, PIM and Aurora kinases all obtain significant roles in cellular glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and neuroblastoma progression, and in several instances are implicated in treatment resistance. While metabolism of neuroblastoma tends to display hallmarks of the glycolytic "Warburg effect," aggressive, in particular MYCN-amplified tumours, retain functional mitochondrial metabolism, allowing for survival and proliferation under nutrient stress. Future strategies employing specific kinase inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen should consider combinatorial attempts at interfering with tumour metabolism, either through metabolic pathway inhibitors, or by dietary means, with a view to abolish metabolic flexibility that endows cancerous cells with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Smiles
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Victoria E Stefan
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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ALK fusion NSCLC oncogenes promote survival and inhibit NK cell responses via SERPINB4 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216479120. [PMID: 36791109 PMCID: PMC9974509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216479120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion variants in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) consist of numerous dimerizing fusion partners. Retrospective investigations suggest that treatment benefit in response to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) differs dependent on the fusion variant present in the patient tumor. Therefore, understanding the oncogenic signaling networks driven by different ALK fusion variants is important. To do this, we developed controlled inducible cell models expressing either Echinoderm Microtubule Associated Protein Like 4 (EML4)-ALK-V1, EML4-ALK-V3, Kinesin Family Member 5B (KIF5B)-ALK, or TRK-fused gene (TFG)-ALK and investigated their transcriptomic and proteomic responses to ALK activity modulation together with patient-derived ALK-positive NSCLC cell lines. This allowed identification of both common and isoform-specific responses downstream of these four ALK fusions. An inflammatory signature that included upregulation of the Serpin B4 serine protease inhibitor was observed in both ALK fusion inducible and patient-derived cells. We show that Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and Activator protein 1 (AP1) are major transcriptional regulators of SERPINB4 downstream of ALK fusions. Upregulation of SERPINB4 promotes survival and inhibits natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which has potential for therapeutic impact targeting the immune response together with ALK TKIs in NSCLC.
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Arslan FB, Öztürk K, Tavukçuoğlu E, Öztürk SC, Esendağlı G, Çalış S. A novel combination for the treatment of small cell lung cancer: Active targeted irinotecan and stattic co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122573. [PMID: 36592892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles are widely used drug delivery systems for cancer treatment due to their properties such as ease of passing through biological membranes, opportunity to modify drug release, specifically targeting drugs to diseased areas, and potential of reducing side effects. Here, we formulated irinotecan and Stattic co-loaded PLGA nanoparticles targeted to small cell lung cancer. Nanoparticles were successfully conjugated with CD56 antibody with a conjugation efficiency of 84.39 ± 1.01%, and characterization of formulated nanoparticles was conducted with in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Formulated particles had sizes in the range of 130-180 nm with PDI values smaller than 0.3. Encapsulation and active targeting of irinotecan and Stattic resulted in increased cytotoxicity and anti-cancer efficiency in-vitro. Furthermore, it was shown with ex-vivo biodistribution studies that conjugated nanoparticles were successfully targeted to CD56-expressing SCLC cells and distributed mainly to tumor tissue and lungs. Compliant with our hypothesis and literature, the STAT3 pathway was successfully inhibited with Stattic solution and Stattic loaded nanoparticles. Additionally, intravenous injection of conjugated co-loaded nanoparticles resulted in decreased side effects and better anti-tumor activity than individual solutions of drugs in SCLC tumor-bearing mice. These results may indicate a new treatment option for clinically aggressive small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betül Arslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Kıvılcım Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Ece Tavukçuoğlu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Süleyman Can Öztürk
- Centre for Laboratory Animals Research and Application, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Güneş Esendağlı
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Sema Çalış
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkiye.
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Ung CY, Levee TM, Zhang C, Correia C, Yeo KS, Li H, Zhu S. Gene utility recapitulates chromosomal aberrancies in advanced stage neuroblastoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3291-3303. [PMID: 35832612 PMCID: PMC9251784 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Although only a few recurrent somatic mutations have been identified, chromosomal abnormalities, including the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the chromosome 1p and gains of chromosome 17q, are often seen in the high-risk cases. The biological basis and evolutionary forces that drive such genetic abnormalities remain enigmatic. Here, we conceptualize the Gene Utility Model (GUM) that seeks to identify genes driving biological signaling via their collective gene utilities and apply it to understand the impact of those differentially utilized genes on constraining the evolution of NB karyotypes. By employing a computational process-guided flow algorithm to model gene utility in protein–protein networks that built based on transcriptomic data, we conducted several pairwise comparative analyses to uncover genes with differential utilities in stage 4 NBs with distinct classification. We then constructed a utility karyotype by mapping these differentially utilized genes to their respective chromosomal loci. Intriguingly, hotspots of the utility karyotype, to certain extent, can consistently recapitulate the major chromosomal abnormalities of NBs and also provides clues to yet identified predisposition sites. Hence, our study not only provides a new look, from a gene utility perspective, into the known chromosomal abnormalities detected by integrative genomic sequencing efforts, but also offers new insights into the etiology of NB and provides a framework to facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for this devastating childhood cancer.
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Treis D, Umapathy G, Fransson S, Guan J, Mendoza-García P, Siaw JT, Wessman S, Gordon Murkes L, Stenman JJE, Djos A, Elfman LHM, Johnsen JI, Hallberg B, Palmer RH, Martinsson T, Kogner P. Sustained Response to Entrectinib in an Infant With a Germline ALKAL2 Variant and Refractory Metastatic Neuroblastoma With Chromosomal 2p Gain and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase and Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase Activation. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100271. [PMID: 35085006 PMCID: PMC8830523 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized molecular workup enabled successful ALK inhibitor treatment in a child with resistant neuroblastoma.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Treis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Patricia Mendoza-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim T. Siaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Wessman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Gordon Murkes
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob J. E. Stenman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lotta H. M. Elfman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Pediatric Oncology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Per Kogner, MD, PhD; Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet , Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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10
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Defining Pathological Activities of ALK in Neuroblastoma, a Neural Crest-Derived Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111718. [PMID: 34769149 PMCID: PMC8584162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a common extracranial solid tumour of childhood, responsible for 15% of cancer-related deaths in children. Prognoses vary from spontaneous remission to aggressive disease with extensive metastases, where treatment is challenging. Tumours are thought to arise from sympathoadrenal progenitor cells, which derive from an embryonic cell population called neural crest cells that give rise to diverse cell types, such as facial bone and cartilage, pigmented cells, and neurons. Tumours are found associated with mature derivatives of neural crest, such as the adrenal medulla or paraspinal ganglia. Sympathoadrenal progenitor cells express anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), which encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor that is the most frequently mutated gene in neuroblastoma. Activating mutations in the kinase domain are common in both sporadic and familial cases. The oncogenic role of ALK has been extensively studied, but little is known about its physiological role. Recent studies have implicated ALK in neural crest migration and sympathetic neurogenesis. However, very few downstream targets of ALK have been identified. Here, we describe pathological activation of ALK in the neural crest, which promotes proliferation and migration, while preventing differentiation, thus inducing the onset of neuroblastoma. Understanding the effects of ALK activity on neural crest cells will help find new targets for neuroblastoma treatment.
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11
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Keshishian H, McDonald ER, Mundt F, Melanson R, Krug K, Porter DA, Wallace L, Forestier D, Rabasha B, Marlow SE, Jane‐Valbuena J, Todres E, Specht H, Robinson ML, Jean Beltran PM, Babur O, Olive ME, Golji J, Kuhn E, Burgess M, MacMullan MA, Rejtar T, Wang K, Mani DR, Satpathy S, Gillette MA, Sellers WR, Carr SA. A highly multiplexed quantitative phosphosite assay for biology and preclinical studies. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10156. [PMID: 34569154 PMCID: PMC8474009 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable methods to quantify dynamic signaling changes across diverse pathways are needed to better understand the effects of disease and drug treatment in cells and tissues but are presently lacking. Here, we present SigPath, a targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assay that measures 284 phosphosites in 200 phosphoproteins of biological interest. SigPath probes a broad swath of signaling biology with high throughput and quantitative precision. We applied the assay to investigate changes in phospho-signaling in drug-treated cancer cell lines, breast cancer preclinical models, and human medulloblastoma tumors. In addition to validating previous findings, SigPath detected and quantified a large number of differentially regulated phosphosites newly associated with disease models and human tumors at baseline or with drug perturbation. Our results highlight the potential of SigPath to monitor phosphoproteomic signaling events and to nominate mechanistic hypotheses regarding oncogenesis, response, and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasmik Keshishian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Filip Mundt
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Present address:
Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein ResearchFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Present address:
Department of Oncology and PathologyScience for Life LaboratoryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Randy Melanson
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Dale A Porter
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
- Present address:
Cedilla TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Luke Wallace
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Dominique Forestier
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Bokang Rabasha
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Sara E Marlow
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Judit Jane‐Valbuena
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Ellen Todres
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Harrison Specht
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | | | - Ozgun Babur
- Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| | - Meagan E Olive
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Javad Golji
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Eric Kuhn
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Michael Burgess
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Melanie A MacMullan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Tomas Rejtar
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Karen Wang
- Novartis Institute of Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - DR Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - William R Sellers
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
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12
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BioID-Screening Identifies PEAK1 and SHP2 as Components of the ALK Proximitome in Neuroblastoma Cells. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167158. [PMID: 34273398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is mutated in approximately 10% of pediatric neuroblastoma (NB). To shed light on ALK-driven signaling processes, we employed BioID-based in vivo proximity labeling to identify molecules that interact intracellularly with ALK. NB-derived SK-N-AS and SK-N-BE(2) cells expressing inducible ALK-BirA* fusion proteins were generated and stimulated with ALKAL ligands in the presence and absence of the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lorlatinib. LC/MS-MS analysis identified multiple proteins, including PEAK1 and SHP2, which were validated as ALK interactors in NB cells. Further analysis of the ALK-SHP2 interaction confirmed that the ALK-SHP2 interaction as well as SHP2-Y542 phosphorylation was dependent on ALK activation. Use of the SHP2 inhibitors, SHP099 and RMC-4550, resulted in inhibition of cell growth in ALK-driven NB cells. In addition, we noted a strong synergistic effect of combined ALK and SHP2 inhibition that was specific to ALK-driven NB cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic option for ALK-driven NB.
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13
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Qin XY, Gailhouste L. Non-Genomic Control of Dynamic MYCN Gene Expression in Liver Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:618515. [PMID: 33937011 PMCID: PMC8085327 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.618515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulated MYCN gene expression is restricted to specialized cell populations such as EpCAM+ cancer stem cells in liver cancer, regardless of DNA amplification and mutation. Here, we reviewed the role of MYCN gene expression in liver homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis, and discussed the potential non-genomic mechanisms involved in controlling MYCN gene expression in liver cancer, with a focus on inflammation-mediated signal transduction and microRNA-associated post-transcriptional regulation. We concluded that dynamic MYCN gene expression is an integrated consequence of multiple signals in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor growth-promoting signals, lipid desaturation-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress adaptation signals, and tumor suppressive miRNAs, making it a potential predictive biomarker of tumor stemness and plasticity. Therefore, understanding and tracing the dynamic changes and functions of MYCN gene expression will shed light on the origin of liver tumorigenesis at the cellular level and the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for liver cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Qin
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
| | - Luc Gailhouste
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Japan
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14
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Identification of the Wallenda JNKKK as an Alk suppressor reveals increased competitiveness of Alk-expressing cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14954. [PMID: 32917927 PMCID: PMC7486895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Alk) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor super-family that functions as oncogenic driver in a range of human cancers such as neuroblastoma. In order to investigate mechanisms underlying Alk oncogenic signaling, we conducted a genetic suppressor screen in Drosophila melanogaster. Our screen identified multiple loci important for Alk signaling, including members of Ras/Raf/ERK-, Pi3K-, and STAT-pathways as well as tailless (tll) and foxo whose orthologues NR2E1/TLX and FOXO3 are transcription factors implicated in human neuroblastoma. Many of the identified suppressors were also able to modulate signaling output from activated oncogenic variants of human ALK, suggesting that our screen identified targets likely relevant in a wide range of contexts. Interestingly, two misexpression alleles of wallenda (wnd, encoding a leucine zipper bearing kinase similar to human DLK and LZK) were among the strongest suppressors. We show that Alk expression leads to a growth advantage and induces cell death in surrounding cells. Our results suggest that Alk activity conveys a competitive advantage to cells, which can be reversed by over-expression of the JNK kinase kinase Wnd.
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15
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Kendrick N, Powers G, Johansen J, Hoelter M, Koll A, Carlson S, Channaveerappa D, Darie CC. Preparation of a phosphotyrosine-protein standard for use in semiquantitative western blotting with enhanced chemiluminescence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234645. [PMID: 32555693 PMCID: PMC7302481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is key to activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) that drive development of some cancers. One challenge of RTK-targeted therapy is identification of those tumors that express non-mutated but activated RTKs. Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) RTK levels should be more predictive of the latter than expressed total protein. Western blotting (WB) with a pTyr antibody and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection is sufficiently sensitive to detect pTyr-RTKs in human tumor homogenates. Presentation of results by comparing WB images, however, is wanting. Here we describe the preparation of a new pTyr-protein standard, pTyr-ALK48-SB (pA), derived from a commercial anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) recombinant fragment, and its use to quantify pTyr-epidermal growth factor receptor (pTyr-EGFR) in commercial A431 cell lysates. Linearity of one-dimensional (1D) WB plots of pA band density versus load as well as its lower level of detection (0.1 ng, 2 fmole) were determined for standardized conditions. Adding pA to two lots of A431 cell lysates with high and low pTyr-EGFR allowed normalization and quantification of the latter by expressing results as density ratios for both 1D and 2D WB. This approach is semi-quantitative because unknown RTKs may be outside the linear range of detection. Semiquantitative ratios are an improvement over comparisons of images without a reference standard and facilitate comparisons between samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kendrick
- Kendrick Labs, Inc, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NK); (CCD)
| | - Ginny Powers
- Kendrick Labs, Inc, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Jon Johansen
- Kendrick Labs, Inc, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Matt Hoelter
- Kendrick Labs, Inc, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Koll
- Kendrick Labs, Inc, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Sofia Carlson
- Kendrick Labs, Inc, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Devika Channaveerappa
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NK); (CCD)
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16
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The mechanism of cancer drug addiction in ALK-positive T-Cell lymphoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:2103-2117. [PMID: 31804622 PMCID: PMC7060126 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rational new strategies are needed to treat tumors resistant to kinase inhibitors. Mechanistic studies of resistance provide fertile ground for development of new approaches. Cancer drug addiction is a paradoxical resistance phenomenon, well-described in MEK-ERK-driven solid tumors, in which drug-target overexpression promotes resistance but a toxic overdose of signaling if inhibitor is withdrawn. This can permit prolonged control of tumors through intermittent dosing. We and others showed previously that cancer drug addiction arises also in the hematologic malignancy ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) resistant to ALK-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This is driven by overexpression of the fusion kinase NPM1-ALK, but the mechanism by which ALK overactivity drives toxicity upon TKI withdrawal remained obscure. Here we reveal the mechanism of ALK-TKI addiction in ALCL. We interrogated the well-described mechanism of MEK/ERK pathway inhibitor addiction in solid tumors and found it does not apply to ALCL. Instead, phosphoproteomics and confirmatory functional studies revealed STAT1 overactivation is the key mechanism of ALK-TKI addiction in ALCL. Withdrawal of TKI from addicted tumors in vitro and in vivo leads to overwhelming phospho-STAT1 activation, turning on its tumor-suppressive gene-expression program and turning off STAT3’s oncogenic program. Moreover, a novel NPM1-ALK-positive ALCL PDX model showed significant survival benefit from intermittent compared to continuous TKI dosing. In sum, we reveal for the first time the mechanism of cancer-drug addiction in ALK-positive ALCL and the benefit of scheduled intermittent dosing in high-risk patient-derived tumors in vivo.
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17
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He D, Lasek AW. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Regulates Internalization of the Dopamine D2 Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:123-131. [PMID: 31734646 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in regions of the brain that control motor function, cognition, and motivation. As a result, D2R is involved in the pathophysiology of disorders such as schizophrenia and drug addiction. Understanding the signaling pathways activated by D2R is crucial to finding new therapeutic targets for these disorders. D2R stimulation by its agonist, dopamine, causes desensitization and internalization of the receptor. A previous study found that inhibitors of the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) blocked D2R desensitization in neurons in the ventral tegmental area of the brain. In the present study, using a cell-based system, we investigated whether ALK regulates D2R internalization. The ALK inhibitor alectinib completely inhibited dopamine-induced D2R internalization. Since GPCRs can transactivate receptor tyrosine kinases, we also examined if D2R stimulation activated ALK signaling. ALK phosphorylation increased by almost 2-fold after dopamine treatment and ALK coimmunoprecipitated with D2R. To identify the signaling pathways downstream of ALK that might regulate D2R internalization, we used pharmacological inhibitors of proteins activated by ALK signaling. Protein kinase Cγ was activated by dopamine in an ALK-dependent manner, and a protein kinase C inhibitor completely blocked dopamine-induced D2R internalization. Taken together, these results identify ALK as a receptor tyrosine kinase transactivated by D2R that promotes its internalization, possibly through activation of protein kinase C. ALK inhibitors could be useful in enhancing D2R signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Receptor internalization is a mechanism by which receptors are desensitized. In this study we found that agonist-induced internalization of the dopamine D2 receptor is regulated by the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK. ALK was also transactivated by and associated with dopamine D2 receptor. Dopamine activated protein kinase C in an ALK-dependent manner and a PKC inhibitor blocked dopamine D2 receptor internalization. These results indicate that ALK regulates dopamine D2 receptor trafficking, which has implications for psychiatric disorders involving dysregulated dopamine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong He
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Gengenbacher A, Müller-Rudorf A, Poggio T, Gräßel L, Dumit VI, Kreutmair S, Lippert LJ, Duyster J, Illert AL. Proteomic Phosphosite Analysis Identified Crucial NPM-ALK-Mediated NIPA Serine and Threonine Residues. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164060. [PMID: 31434245 PMCID: PMC6721280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that shows in 60% of cases a translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35), which leads to the expression of the oncogenic kinase NPM-ALK. The nuclear interaction partner of ALK (NIPA) defines an E3-SCF ligase that contributes to the timing of mitotic entry. It has been shown that co-expression of NIPA and NPM-ALK results in constitutive NIPA phosphorylation. By mass spectrometry-based proteomics we identified nine serine/threonine residues to be significantly upregulated in NIPA upon NPM-ALK expression. Generation of phospho-deficient mutants of the respective phospho-residues specified five serine/threonine residues (Ser-338, Ser-344, Ser-370, Ser-381 and Thr-387) as key phosphorylation sites involved in NPM-ALK-directed phosphorylation of NIPA. Analysis of the biological impact of NIPA phosphorylation by NPM-ALK demonstrated that the ALK-induced phosphorylation does not change the SCFNIPA-complex formation but may influence the localization of NIPA and NPM-ALK. Biochemical analyses with phospho-deficient mutants elucidated the importance of NIPA phosphorylation by NPM-ALK for the interaction of the two proteins and proliferation potential of respective cells: Silencing of the five crucial NIPA serine/threonine residues led to a highly enhanced NIPA-NPM-ALK binding capacity as well as a slightly reduced proliferation in Ba/F3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Gengenbacher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alina Müller-Rudorf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Poggio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Linda Gräßel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veronica I Dumit
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kreutmair
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena J Lippert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna L Illert
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Nunes-Xavier CE, Zaldumbide L, Aurtenetxe O, López-Almaraz R, López JI, Pulido R. Dual-Specificity Phosphatases in Neuroblastoma Cell Growth and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051170. [PMID: 30866462 PMCID: PMC6429076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are important regulators of neuronal cell growth and differentiation by targeting proteins essential to neuronal survival in signaling pathways, among which the MAP kinases (MAPKs) stand out. DUSPs include the MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), a family of enzymes that directly dephosphorylate MAPKs, as well as the small-size atypical DUSPs, a group of low molecular-weight enzymes which display more heterogeneous substrate specificity. Neuroblastoma (NB) is a malignancy intimately associated with the course of neuronal and neuroendocrine cell differentiation, and constitutes the source of more common extracranial solid pediatric tumors. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of MKPs and small-size atypical DUSPs in NB cell growth and differentiation, and discuss the potential of DUSPs as predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain.
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital HF Radiumhospitalet, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| | - Laura Zaldumbide
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain.
| | - Olaia Aurtenetxe
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain.
| | - Ricardo López-Almaraz
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain.
| | - José I López
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain.
- Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain.
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia 48903, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain.
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20
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Van den Eynden J, Umapathy G, Ashouri A, Cervantes-Madrid D, Szydzik J, Ruuth K, Koster J, Larsson E, Guan J, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. Phosphoproteome and gene expression profiling of ALK inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines reveals conserved oncogenic pathways. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/557/eaar5680. [PMID: 30459281 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is a clinical target of major interest in cancer. Mutations and rearrangements in ALK trigger the activation of the encoded receptor and its downstream signaling pathways. ALK mutations have been identified in both familial and sporadic neuroblastoma cases as well as in 30 to 40% of relapses, which makes ALK a bona fide target in neuroblastoma therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target ALK are currently in clinical use for the treatment of patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, monotherapy with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib has been less encouraging in neuroblastoma patients with ALK alterations, raising the question of whether combinatorial therapy would be more effective. In this study, we established both phosphoproteomic and gene expression profiles of ALK activity in neuroblastoma cells exposed to first- and third-generation ALK TKIs, to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify relevant biomarkers, signaling networks, and new therapeutic targets. This analysis has unveiled various important leads for novel combinatorial treatment strategies for patients with neuroblastoma and an increased understanding of ALK signaling involved in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Human Structure and Repair, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Arghavan Ashouri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Joanna Szydzik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Institution for Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.,Children's Hospital affiliated with Zhengzhou University, 450018 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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21
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Guan J, Fransson S, Siaw JT, Treis D, Van den Eynden J, Chand D, Umapathy G, Ruuth K, Svenberg P, Wessman S, Shamikh A, Jacobsson H, Gordon L, Stenman J, Svensson PJ, Hansson M, Larsson E, Martinsson T, Palmer RH, Kogner P, Hallberg B. Clinical response of the novel activating ALK-I1171T mutation in neuroblastoma to the ALK inhibitor ceritinib. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002550. [PMID: 29907598 PMCID: PMC6071567 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion rearrangements, including non-small-cell lung cancer and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, are highly sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), underscoring the notion that such cancers are addicted to ALK activity. Although mutations in ALK are heavily implicated in childhood neuroblastoma, response to the ALK TKI crizotinib has been disappointing. Embryonal tumors in patients with DNA repair defects such as Fanconi anemia (FA) often have a poor prognosis, because of lack of therapeutic options. Here we report a child with underlying FA and ALK mutant high-risk neuroblastoma responding strongly to precision therapy with the ALK TKI ceritinib. Conventional chemotherapy treatment caused severe, life-threatening toxicity. Genomic analysis of the initial biopsy identified germline FANCA mutations as well as a novel ALK-I1171T variant. ALK-I1171T generates a potent gain-of-function mutant, as measured in PC12 cell neurite outgrowth and NIH3T3 transformation. Pharmacological inhibition profiling of ALK-I1171T in response to various ALK TKIs identified an 11-fold improved inhibition of ALK-I1171T with ceritinib when compared with crizotinib. Immunoaffinity-coupled LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics analysis indicated a decrease in ALK signaling in response to ceritinib. Ceritinib was therefore selected for treatment in this child. Monotherapy with ceritinib was well tolerated and resulted in normalized catecholamine markers and tumor shrinkage. After 7.5 mo treatment, the residual primary tumor shrunk, was surgically removed, and exhibited hallmarks of differentiation together with reduced Ki67 levels. Clinical follow-up after 21 mo treatment revealed complete clinical remission including all metastatic sites. Therefore, ceritinib presents a viable therapeutic option for ALK-positive neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Joachim Tetteh Siaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Diana Treis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Pediatric Oncology Program Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Damini Chand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Petter Svenberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Pediatric Oncology Program Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Sandra Wessman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Alia Shamikh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Hans Jacobsson
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Lena Gordon
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jakob Stenman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Pär-Johan Svensson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
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ALK in Neuroblastoma: Biological and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040113. [PMID: 29642598 PMCID: PMC5923368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and deadly solid tumour in children. Despite the development of new treatment options for high-risk NB, over half of patients relapse and five-year survival remains at 40-50%. Therefore, novel treatment strategies aimed at providing long-term disease remission are urgently sought. ALK, encoding the anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor, is altered by gain-of-function point mutations in around 14% of high-risk NB and represents an ideal therapeutic target given its low or absent expression in healthy tissue postnatally. Small-molecule inhibitors of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) approved in ALK fusion-positive lung cancer are currently undergoing clinical assessment in patients with ALK-mutant NB. Parallel pre-clinical studies are demonstrating the efficacy of ALK inhibitors against common ALK variants in NB; however, a complex picture of therapeutic resistance is emerging. It is anticipated that long-term use of these compounds will require combinatorial targeting of pathways downstream of ALK, functionally-related 'bypass' mechanisms and concomitant oncogenic pathways.
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A kinome-wide RNAi screen identifies ALK as a target to sensitize neuroblastoma cells for HDAC8-inhibitor treatment. Cell Death Differ 2018. [PMID: 29515255 PMCID: PMC6261943 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of advanced stage neuroblastoma patients remains poor and, despite intensive therapy, the 5-year survival rate remains less than 50%. We previously identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) 8 as an indicator of poor clinical outcome and a selective drug target for differentiation therapy in vitro and in vivo. Here, we performed kinome-wide RNAi screening to identify genes that are synthetically lethal with HDAC8 inhibitors. These experiments identified the neuroblastoma predisposition gene ALK as a candidate gene. Accordingly, the combination of the ALK/MET inhibitor crizotinib and selective HDAC8 inhibitors (3–6 µM PCI-34051 or 10 µM 20a) efficiently killed neuroblastoma cell lines carrying wildtype ALK (SK-N-BE(2)-C, IMR5/75), amplified ALK (NB-1), and those carrying the activating ALK F1174L mutation (Kelly), and, in cells carrying the activating R1275Q mutation (LAN-5), combination treatment decreased viable cell count. The effective dose of crizotinib in neuroblastoma cell lines ranged from 0.05 µM (ALK-amplified) to 0.8 µM (wildtype ALK). The combinatorial inhibition of ALK and HDAC8 also decreased tumor growth in an in vivo zebrafish xenograft model. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the mRNA expression level of HDAC8 was significantly correlated with that of ALK in two independent patient cohorts, the Academic Medical Center cohort (n = 88) and the German Neuroblastoma Trial cohort (n = 649), and co-expression of both target genes identified patients with very poor outcome. Mechanistically, HDAC8 and ALK converge at the level of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling and their downstream survival pathways, such as ERK signaling. Combination treatment of HDAC8 inhibitor with crizotinib efficiently blocked the activation of growth receptor survival signaling and shifted the cell cycle arrest and differentiation phenotype toward effective cell death of neuroblastoma cell lines, including sensitization of resistant models, but not of normal cells. These findings reveal combined targeting of ALK and HDAC8 as a novel strategy for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Janoueix-Lerosey I, Lopez-Delisle L, Delattre O, Rohrer H. The ALK receptor in sympathetic neuron development and neuroblastoma. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:325-337. [PMID: 29374774 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ALK gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor characterized by an expression pattern mainly restricted to the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. In 2008, the discovery of ALK activating mutations in neuroblastoma, a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, represented a breakthrough in the understanding of the pathogenesis of this pediatric cancer and established mutated ALK as a tractable therapeutic target for precision medicine. Subsequent studies addressed the identity of ALK ligands, as well as its physiological function in the sympathoadrenal lineage, its role in neuroblastoma development and the signaling pathways triggered by mutated ALK. This review focuses on these different aspects of the ALK biology and summarizes the various therapeutic strategies relying on ALK inhibition in neuroblastoma, either as monotherapies or combinatory treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France. .,SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Lucille Lopez-Delisle
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Developmental Genomics, EPFL SV ISREC UPDUB, SV 2843, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France.,SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Hermann Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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25
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De Pas T, Pala L, Catania C, Conforti F. Molecular and clinical features of second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors: ceritinib. Future Oncol 2017; 13:2629-2644. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of ALK rearrangement in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) triggered rapid clinical development of a family of specific drugs targeting this alteration, called ALK inhibitors. Despite high rate of responses, the vast majority of patients treated with first-generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib will ultimately develop disease progression. The second-generation ALK inhibitor, ceritinib, is an oral, small-molecule that inhibits the ALK kinase activity with a potency 20-fold greater than crizotinib, being able to tackle some of the principal mechanisms of resistance to crizotinib. Evidences from five large prospective clinical trials have so far showed impressive activity of ceritinib in ALK inhibitor pretreated and naive NSCLC patients. This review will focus on the preclinical and clinical data available regarding ceritinib pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso De Pas
- Medical Oncology of Melanoma & Sarcoma Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pala
- Medical Oncology of Melanoma & Sarcoma Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Catania
- Medical Oncology Unit of Respiratory Tract, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Conforti
- Medical Oncology of Melanoma & Sarcoma Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti, 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
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26
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Abstract
A vast array of oncogenic variants has been identified for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Therefore, there is a need to better understand the role of ALK in cancer biology in order to optimise treatment strategies. This review summarises the latest research on the receptor tyrosine kinase ALK, and how this information can guide the management of patients with cancer that is ALK-positive. A variety of ALK gene alterations have been described across a range of tumour types, including point mutations, deletions and rearrangements. A wide variety of ALK fusions, in which the kinase domain of ALK and the amino-terminal portion of various protein partners are fused, occur in cancer, with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK being the most prevalent in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Different ALK fusion proteins can mediate different signalling outputs, depending on properties such as subcellular localisation and protein stability. The ALK fusions found in tumours lack spatial and temporal regulation, which can also affect dimerisation and substrate specificity. Two ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), crizotinib and ceritinib, are currently approved in Europe for use in ALK-positive NSCLC and several others are in development. These ALK TKIs bind slightly differently within the ATP-binding pocket of the ALK kinase domain and are associated with the emergence of different resistance mutation patterns during therapy. This emphasises the need to tailor the sequence of ALK TKIs according to the ALK signature of each patient. Research into the oncogenic functions of ALK, and fast paced development of ALK inhibitors, has substantially improved outcomes for patients with ALK-positive NSCLC. Limited data are available surrounding the physiological ligand-stimulated activation of ALK signalling and further research is needed. Understanding the role of ALK in tumour biology is key to further optimising therapeutic strategies for ALK-positive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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Tucker ER, Tall JR, Danielson LS, Gowan S, Jamin Y, Robinson SP, Banerji U, Chesler L. Immunoassays for the quantification of ALK and phosphorylated ALK support the evaluation of on-target ALK inhibitors in neuroblastoma. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:996-1006. [PMID: 28432815 PMCID: PMC5537911 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a successful approach for the treatment of many ALK-aberrant malignancies; however, the presence of resistant mutations necessitates both the development of more potent compounds and pharmacodynamic methods with which to determine their efficacy. We describe immunoassays designed to quantitate phosphorylation of ALK, and their use in preclinical models of neuroblastoma, a pediatric malignancy in which gain-of-function ALK mutations predict a poor overall outcome to conventional treatment. Validation of the immunoassays is presented using a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines and evidence of on-target ALK inhibition provided by treatment of a genetically engineered murine model of neuroblastoma with two clinical ALK inhibitors, crizotinib and ceritinib, highlighting the superior efficacy of ceritinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Tucker
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics TeamDivision of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics DivisionThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
| | - Jennifer R. Tall
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics TeamDivision of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics DivisionThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarker TeamCancer Therapeutics DivisionThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
| | - Laura S. Danielson
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics TeamDivision of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics DivisionThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
| | - Sharon Gowan
- Tumour Biology and MetastasisCancer Therapeutics DivisionThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
| | - Yann Jamin
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
| | - Simon P. Robinson
- Division of Radiotherapy and ImagingThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
| | - Udai Banerji
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarker TeamCancer Therapeutics DivisionThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
| | - Louis Chesler
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics TeamDivision of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics DivisionThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSuttonSurreyUK
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28
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Odate S, Veschi V, Yan S, Lam N, Woessner R, Thiele CJ. Inhibition of STAT3 with the Generation 2.5 Antisense Oligonucleotide, AZD9150, Decreases Neuroblastoma Tumorigenicity and Increases Chemosensitivity. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:1771-1784. [PMID: 27797972 PMCID: PMC5381521 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor of peripheral sympathoadrenal neuroblasts. The long-term event-free survival of children with high-risk neuroblastoma is still poor despite the improvements with current multimodality treatment protocols. Activated JAK/STAT3 pathway plays an important role in many human cancers, suggesting that targeting STAT3 is a promising strategy for treating high-risk neuroblastoma.Experimental Design: To evaluate the biologic consequences of specific targeting of STAT3 in neuroblastoma, we assessed the effect of tetracycline (Tet)-inducible STAT3 shRNA and the generation 2.5 antisense oligonucleotide AZD9150 which targets STAT3 in three representative neuroblastoma cell line models (AS, NGP, and IMR32).Results: Our data indicated that Tet-inducible STAT3 shRNA and AZD9150 inhibited endogenous STAT3 and STAT3 target genes. Tet-inducible STAT3 shRNA and AZD9150 decreased cell growth and tumorigenicity. In vivo, STAT3 inhibition by Tet-inducible STAT3 shRNA or AZD9150 alone had little effect on growth of established tumors. However, when treated xenograft tumor cells were reimplanted into mice, there was a significant decrease in secondary tumors in the mice receiving AZD9150-treated tumor cells compared with the mice receiving ntASO-treated tumor cells. This indicates that inhibition of STAT3 decreases the tumor-initiating potential of neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 significantly increased neuroblastoma cell sensitivity to cisplatin and decreased tumor growth and increased the survival of tumor-bearing mice in vivoConclusions: Our study supports the development of strategies targeting STAT3 inhibition in combination with conventional chemotherapy for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1771-84. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Odate
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shuang Yan
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Norris Lam
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard Woessner
- Cancer Bioscience Drug Discovery, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cell & Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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29
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Zhang G, Scarborough H, Kim J, Rozhok AI, Chen YA, Zhang X, Song L, Bai Y, Fang B, Liu RZ, Koomen J, Tan AC, Degregori J, Haura EB. Coupling an EML4-ALK-centric interactome with RNA interference identifies sensitizers to ALK inhibitors. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs12. [PMID: 27811184 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with lung cancers harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusions benefit from treatment with ALK inhibitors, but acquired resistance inevitably arises. A better understanding of proximal ALK signaling mechanisms may identify sensitizers to ALK inhibitors that disrupt the balance between prosurvival and proapoptotic effector signals. Using affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry in an ALK fusion lung cancer cell line (H3122), we generated an ALK signaling network and investigated signaling activity using tyrosine phosphoproteomics. We identified a network of 464 proteins composed of subnetworks with differential response to ALK inhibitors. A small hairpin RNA screen targeting 407 proteins in this network revealed 64 and 9 proteins that when knocked down sensitized cells to crizotinib and alectinib, respectively. Among these, knocking down fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) or coiled-coil and C2 domain-containing protein 1A (CC2D1A), both scaffolding proteins, sensitized multiple ALK fusion cell lines to the ALK inhibitors crizotinib and alectinib. Collectively, our data set provides a resource that enhances our understanding of signaling and drug resistance networks consequent to ALK fusions and identifies potential targets to improve the efficacy of ALK inhibitors in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hannah Scarborough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrii I Rozhok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yian Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lanxi Song
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Bin Fang
- Proteomics Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Richard Z Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James Degregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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30
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He D, Chen H, Muramatsu H, Lasek AW. Ethanol activates midkine and anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling in neuroblastoma cells and in the brain. J Neurochem 2015. [PMID: 26206265 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol engages signaling pathways in the brain. Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic factor that is over-expressed in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholics. MDK and one of its receptors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), also regulate behavioral responses to ethanol in mice. The goal of this study was to determine whether MDK and ALK expression and signaling are activated by ethanol. We found that ethanol treatment of neuroblastoma cells increased MDK and ALK expression. We also assessed activation of ALK by ethanol in cells and found that ALK and ALK-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation increased rapidly with ethanol exposure. Similarly, treatment of cells with recombinant MDK protein increased ALK, ERK and STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that ethanol may utilize MDK to activate ALK signaling. In support of this, transfection of cells with MDK siRNAs attenuated ALK signaling in response to ethanol. Ethanol also activates ERK signaling in the brain. We found that inhibition of ALK or knockout of MDK attenuated ethanol-induced ERK phosphorylation in mouse amygdala. These results demonstrate that ethanol engages MDK and ALK signaling, which has important consequences for alcohol-induced neurotoxicity and the regulation of behaviors related to alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong He
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hisako Muramatsu
- Faculty of Psychological and Physical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan
| | - Amy W Lasek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Tucker ER, Danielson LS, Innocenti P, Chesler L. Tackling Crizotinib Resistance: The Pathway from Drug Discovery to the Pediatric Clinic. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2770-4. [PMID: 26122839 PMCID: PMC4539575 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood malignancy that has not yet benefitted from the rapid progress in the development of small-molecule therapeutics for cancer. An opportunity to take advantage of pharmaceutical innovation in this area arose when the identification of ALK fusion proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occurred in parallel to the discovery of point mutations of ALK in neuroblastomas. ALK is now known to be a marker of poor outcome in neuroblastoma, and therefore, urgent development of specific ALK inhibitors to treat this devastating disease is a necessity. However, the translation of small molecules from adult directly into pediatric practice has thus far been challenging, due to mutation-specific structural variances in the ALK kinase domain. We discuss how the most recent structural and biological characterizations of ALK are directing preclinical and clinical studies of ALK inhibitors for both NSCLC and neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Tucker
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Team, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura S Danielson
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Team, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Innocenti
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Chesler
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Team, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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32
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Palacios-Moreno J, Foltz L, Guo A, Stokes MP, Kuehn ED, George L, Comb M, Grimes ML. Neuroblastoma tyrosine kinase signaling networks involve FYN and LYN in endosomes and lipid rafts. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004130. [PMID: 25884760 PMCID: PMC4401789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays a central role in creating a highly dynamic network of interacting proteins that reads and responds to signals from growth factors in the cellular microenvironment. Cells of the neural crest employ multiple signaling mechanisms to control migration and differentiation during development. It is known that defects in these mechanisms cause neuroblastoma, but how multiple signaling pathways interact to govern cell behavior is unknown. In a phosphoproteomic study of neuroblastoma cell lines and cell fractions, including endosomes and detergent-resistant membranes, 1622 phosphorylated proteins were detected, including more than half of the receptor tyrosine kinases in the human genome. Data were analyzed using a combination of graph theory and pattern recognition techniques that resolve data structure into networks that incorporate statistical relationships and protein-protein interaction data. Clusters of proteins in these networks are indicative of functional signaling pathways. The analysis indicates that receptor tyrosine kinases are functionally compartmentalized into distinct collaborative groups distinguished by activation and intracellular localization of SRC-family kinases, especially FYN and LYN. Changes in intracellular localization of activated FYN and LYN were observed in response to stimulation of the receptor tyrosine kinases, ALK and KIT. The results suggest a mechanism to distinguish signaling responses to activation of different receptors, or combinations of receptors, that govern the behavior of the neural crest, which gives rise to neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer for which therapeutic progress has been slow. We analyzed a large number phosphorylated proteins in neuroblastoma cells to discern patterns that indicate functional signal transduction pathways. To analyze the data, we developed novel techniques that resolve data structure and visualize that structure as networks that represent both protein interactions and statistical relationships. We also fractionated neuroblastoma cells to examine the location of signaling proteins in different membrane fractions and organelles. The analysis revealed that signaling pathways are functionally and physically compartmentalized into distinct collaborative groups distinguished by phosphorylation patterns and intracellular localization. We found that two related proteins (FYN and LYN) act like central hubs in the tyrosine kinase signaling network that change intracellular localization and activity in response to activation of different receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Palacios-Moreno
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Lauren Foltz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Stokes
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily D. Kuehn
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynn George
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
| | - Michael Comb
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Grimes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Houghton PJ, Kurmasheva RT, Lyalin D, Maris JM, Kolb EA, Gorlick R, Reynolds CP, Kang MH, Keir ST, Wu J, Smith MA. Initial solid tumor testing (stage 1) of AZD1480, an inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 by the pediatric preclinical testing program. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1972-9. [PMID: 25131802 PMCID: PMC4201390 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AZD1480 is an ATP competitive inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 (JAK1, 2) that has been shown to inhibit the growth of solid tumor models. This agent was selected for testing the putative role of JAK/STAT signaling in the standard PPTP solid tumor models. PROCEDURES AZD1480 was tested against the PPTP in vitro cell line panel at concentrations from 1.0 nM to 10 μM and against the PPTP in vivo solid tumor xenograft panels at (60 mg/kg once daily (SID) × 5) for three consecutive weeks. Additional studies evaluated 5 to 20 mg/kg BID × 5 with SID dosing at 7-30 mg/kg at weekends for three consecutive weeks. RESULTS In vitro the median relative IC50 (rIC50 ) for the PPTP cell lines was 1.5 µM, with a range from 0.3 µM to 5.9 µM. The two cell lines with rIC50 values of 0.3 µM both had ALK activating genomic alterations. AZD1480 demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in EFS distribution compared to control in 89% of the solid tumor xenografts. AZD1480 induced intermediate (EFS T/C > 2) or high-level growth inhibition in 15 of 30 (50%) solid tumor xenografts. Tumor regressions were observed in three of six Wilms tumor models at doses that induced inhibition of Stat3(Y705) phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AZD1480 demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition against most PPTP solid tumor xenografts, similar to that observed for antiangiogenic agents tested by the PPTP. Tumor regressing activity was noted for Wilms tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M. Maris
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Min H. Kang
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | | | - Jianrong Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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Lindner S, Henssen A, Astrahantseff K, Schulte JH. ALK pERKs up MYCN in neuroblastoma. Sci Signal 2014; 7:pe27. [PMID: 25351246 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The gene expressing the receptor tyrosine kinase anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is mutated and aberrantly expressed in several cancers. The clinical efficacy of the ALK inhibitor, crizotinib, lags behind expectations for treating MYCN-amplified, ALK-mutant neuroblastoma, a deadly childhood cancer. In this issue of Science Signaling, Umapathy et al. identify the kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) as a central mediator that enables ALK to boost MYCN expression, and they show that inhibiting ERK5 in concert with ALK reduced neuroblastoma cell viability in vitro and in xenograft tumor models. This report has important clinical implications for the treatment of patients with neuroblastoma or other tumors that overexpress MYC(N) and harbor ALK mutations, such as non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany. Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr.55, 45122 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Anton Henssen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Kathy Astrahantseff
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Duesseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany. Department of Translational Neuro-Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr.55, 45122 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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Umapathy G, El Wakil A, Witek B, Chesler L, Danielson L, Deng X, Gray NS, Johansson M, Kvarnbrink S, Ruuth K, Schönherr C, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. The kinase ALK stimulates the kinase ERK5 to promote the expression of the oncogene MYCN in neuroblastoma. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra102. [PMID: 25351247 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is an important molecular target in neuroblastoma. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors abrogating ALK activity are currently in clinical use for the treatment of ALK-positive (ALK(+)) disease, monotherapy with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors may not be an adequate solution for ALK(+) neuroblastoma patients. Increased expression of the gene encoding the transcription factor MYCN is common in neuroblastomas and correlates with poor prognosis. We found that the kinase ERK5 [also known as big mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1 (BMK1)] is activated by ALK through a pathway mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, MAPK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3), and MAPK kinase 5 (MEK5). ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and stimulation of cell proliferation required ERK5. Pharmacological or RNA interference-mediated inhibition of ERK5 suppressed the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in culture and enhanced the antitumor efficacy of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib in both cells and xenograft models. Together, our results indicate that ERK5 mediates ALK-induced transcription of MYCN and proliferation of neuroblastoma, suggesting that targeting both ERK5 and ALK may be beneficial in neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Abeer El Wakil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Barbara Witek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Louis Chesler
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Laura Danielson
- The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Xianming Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 628A, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Seeley G. Mudd Building, 628A, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Samuel Kvarnbrink
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina Schönherr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. Department of Molecular Biology, Building 6L, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Fransson S, Hansson M, Ruuth K, Djos A, Berbegall A, Javanmardi N, Abrahamsson J, Palmer RH, Noguera R, Hallberg B, Kogner P, Martinsson T. Intragenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements: Translocations as a novel mechanism ofALKactivation in neuroblastoma tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 54:99-109. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fransson
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Pathology; Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Section for Pathology; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Department of Molecular Biology; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ana Berbegall
- Department of Pathology, Medical School; University of Valencia, INCLIVA; Valencia Spain
| | - Niloufar Javanmardi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jonas Abrahamsson
- Department of Pediatrics; Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ruth H. Palmer
- Department of Molecular Biology; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Department of Pathology, Medical School; University of Valencia, INCLIVA; Valencia Spain
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Molecular Biology; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Department of Women's and Children's Health; Childhood Cancer Research Unit; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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