1
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Parkhomenko YM, Vovk AI, Protasova ZS, Pylypchuk SY, Chorny SA, Pavlova OS, Mejenska OA, Chehovska LI, Stepanenko SP. Thiazolium salt mimics the non-coenzyme effects of vitamin B 1 in rat synaptosomes. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105791. [PMID: 38880231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Long-term studies have confirmed a causal relationship between the development of neurodegenerative processes and vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the high neurotropic activity of thiamine are not fully understood. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that vitamin B1, in addition to its coenzyme functions, may have non-coenzyme activities that are particularly important for neurons. To elucidate which effects of vitamin B1 in neurons are due to its coenzyme function and which are due to its non-coenzyme activity, we conducted a comparative study of the effects of thiamine and its derivative, 3-decyloxycarbonylmethyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazolium chloride (DMHT), on selected processes in synaptosomes. The ability of DMHT to effectively compete with thiamine for binding to thiamine-binding sites on the plasma membrane of synaptosomes and to participate as a substrate in the thiamine pyrophosphokinase reaction was demonstrated. In experiments with rat brain synaptosomes, unidirectional effects of DMHT and thiamine on the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and on the incorporation of radiolabeled [2-14C]pyruvate into acetylcholine were demonstrated. The observed effects of thiamine and DMHT on the modulation of acetylcholine synthesis can be explained by suggesting that both compounds, which interact in cells with enzymes of thiamine metabolism, are phosphorylated and exert an inhibitory/activating effect (concentration-dependent) on PDC activity by affecting the regulatory enzymes of the complex. Such effects were not observed in the presence of structural analogues of thiamine and DMHT without a 2-hydroxyethyl substituent at position 5 of the thiazolium cycle. The effect of DMHT on the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase was similar to that of thiamine. At the same time, DMHT showed high cytostatic activity against neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu M Parkhomenko
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine.
| | - A I Vovk
- Department of Bioorganic Mechanisms, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Z S Protasova
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - S Yu Pylypchuk
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - S A Chorny
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - O S Pavlova
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - O A Mejenska
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - L I Chehovska
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
| | - S P Stepanenko
- Department of Vitamins and Coenzymes Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
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2
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Gough AM, Parker AC, O'Bryan PJ, Whitehead TR, Roy S, Garcia BL, Hoffman PS, Jeffrey Smith C, Rocha ER. New functions of pirin proteins and a 2-ketoglutarate: Ferredoxin oxidoreductase ortholog in Bacteroides fragilis metabolism and their impact on antimicrobial susceptibility to metronidazole and amixicile. Microbiologyopen 2024; 13:e1429. [PMID: 39109824 PMCID: PMC11304471 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of how central metabolism and fermentation pathways regulate antimicrobial susceptibility in the anaerobic pathogen Bacteroides fragilis is still incomplete. Our study reveals that B. fragilis encodes two iron-dependent, redox-sensitive regulatory pirin protein genes, pir1 and pir2. The mRNA expression of these genes increases when exposed to oxygen and during growth in iron-limiting conditions. These proteins, Pir1 and Pir2, influence the production of short-chain fatty acids and modify the susceptibility to metronidazole and amixicile, a new inhibitor of pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase in anaerobes. We have demonstrated that Pir1 and Pir2 interact directly with this oxidoreductase, as confirmed by two-hybrid system assays. Furthermore, structural analysis using AlphaFold2 predicts that Pir1 and Pir2 interact stably with several central metabolism enzymes, including the 2-ketoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductases Kor1AB and Kor2CDAEBG. We used a series of metabolic mutants and electron transport chain inhibitors to demonstrate the extensive impact of bacterial metabolism on metronidazole and amixicile susceptibility. We also show that amixicile is an effective antimicrobial against B. fragilis in an experimental model of intra-abdominal infection. Our investigation led to the discovery that the kor2AEBG genes are essential for growth and have dual functions, including the formation of 2-ketoglutarate via the reverse TCA cycle. However, the metabolic activity that bypasses the function of Kor2AEBG following the addition of phospholipids or fatty acids remains undefined. Overall, our study provides new insights into the central metabolism of B. fragilis and its regulation by pirin proteins, which could be exploited for the development of new narrow-spectrum antimicrobials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Gough
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anita C. Parker
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brandon L. Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Paul S. Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International HealthUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - C. Jeffrey Smith
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Edson R. Rocha
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyBrody School of Medicine at East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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3
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Gutiérrez-Rey M, Castellar-Visbal L, Acevedo-Vergara K, Vargas-Manotas J, Rivera-Porras D, Londoño-Juliao G, Castillo-Guerrero B, Perdomo-Jiménez MC, Bermúdez V. The Weight of Bariatric Surgery: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome after Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy-A Case Series. J Pers Med 2024; 14:638. [PMID: 38929859 PMCID: PMC11204981 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14060638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this case series, the simultaneous occurrence of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) and dry beriberi was reported in three patients who underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) between May 2021 and May 2023. All patients were obese women who underwent vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) without immediate postoperative complications, but two weeks later, hyperemesis and subsequent encephalopathy with ocular movement abnormalities and weakness were observed over the following thirty days. Patients were referred to neurology, where due to the high suspicion of WE, thiamine replacement therapy was initiated; meanwhile, diagnostic neuroimaging and blood tests were conducted. Neurological and psychiatric evaluations and neuroconduction studies were performed to assess the clinical evolution and present sequelae. One year after diagnosis, all patients exhibited affective and behavioral sequelae, anterograde memory impairment, and executive functioning deficits. Two patients met the criteria for Korsakoff syndrome. Additionally, peripheral nervous system sequelae were observed, with all patients presenting with sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In conclusion, Wernicke's encephalopathy requires a high diagnostic suspicion for timely intervention and prevention of irreversible sequelae, which can be devastating. Therefore, raising awareness among medical professionals regarding the significance of this disease is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gutiérrez-Rey
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Lily Castellar-Visbal
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | | | - José Vargas-Manotas
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Diego Rivera-Porras
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Centro de Investigación en Estudios Fronterizos, Cúcuta 540001, Colombia;
| | - Gloria Londoño-Juliao
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Brenda Castillo-Guerrero
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - María-Camila Perdomo-Jiménez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia; (M.G.-R.); (L.C.-V.); (J.V.-M.); (G.L.-J.); (B.C.-G.); (M.-C.P.-J.)
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4
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Kirschning A. Why pyridoxal phosphate could be a functional predecessor of thiamine pyrophosphate and speculations on a primordial metabolism. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:508-517. [PMID: 38846080 PMCID: PMC11151856 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The account attempts to substantiate the hypothesis that, from an evolutionary perspective, the coenzyme couple pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate preceded the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate and acted as its less efficient chemical analogue in some form of early metabolism. The analysis combines mechanism-based chemical reactivity with biosynthetic arguments and provides evidence that vestiges of "TPP-like reactivity" are still found for PLP today. From these thoughts, conclusions can be drawn about the key elements of a primordial form of metabolism, which includes the citric acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
- Uppsala Biomedical Center (BMC), University Uppsala, Husargatan 3 752 37 Uppsala Sweden
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5
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Malinowska M, Czerniecka M, Jastrzebska I, Ratkiewicz A, Tylicki A, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N. In Vitro and In Silico Studies on Cytotoxic Properties of Oxythiamine and 2'-Methylthiamine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4359. [PMID: 38673944 PMCID: PMC11050282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to search for cytostatic compounds in order to fight cancer. One of them could be 2'-methylthiamine, which is a thiamine antimetabolite with an additional methyl group at the C-2 carbon of thiazole. So far, the cytostatic potential of 2'-methylthiamine has not been studied. We have come forward with a simplified method of synthesis using commercially available substrates and presented a comparison of its effects, as boosted by oxythiamine, on normal skin fibroblasts and HeLa cancer cells, having adopted in vitro culture techniques. Oxythiamine has been found to inhibit the growth and metabolism of cancer cells significantly better than 2'-methylthiamine (GI50 36 and 107 µM, respectively), while 2'-methylthiamine is more selective for cancer cells than oxythiamine (SI = 180 and 153, respectively). Docking analyses have revealed that 2'-methylthiamine (ΔG -8.2 kcal/mol) demonstrates a better affinity with thiamine pyrophosphokinase than thiamine (ΔG -7.5 kcal/mol ) and oxythiamine (ΔG -7.0 kcal/mol), which includes 2'-methylthiamine as a potential cytostatic. Our results suggest that the limited effect of 2'-methylthiamine on HeLa arises from the related arduous transport as compared to oxythiamine. Given that 2'-methylthiamine may possibly inhibit thiamine pyrophosphokinase, it could once again be considered a potential cytostatic. Thus, research should be carried out in order to find the best way to improve the transport of 2'-methylthiamine into cells, which may trigger its cytostatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Magdalena Czerniecka
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Department of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Artur Ratkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.M.); (I.J.)
| | - Adam Tylicki
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
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6
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Sahu U, Villa E, Reczek CR, Zhao Z, O'Hara BP, Torno MD, Mishra R, Shannon WD, Asara JM, Gao P, Shilatifard A, Chandel NS, Ben-Sahra I. Pyrimidines maintain mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation to support de novo lipogenesis. Science 2024; 383:1484-1492. [PMID: 38547260 PMCID: PMC11325697 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cellular purines, particularly adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), fuel many metabolic reactions, but less is known about the direct effects of pyrimidines on cellular metabolism. We found that pyrimidines, but not purines, maintain pyruvate oxidation and the tricarboxylic citric acid (TCA) cycle by regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. PDH activity requires sufficient substrates and cofactors, including thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Depletion of cellular pyrimidines decreased TPP synthesis, a reaction carried out by TPP kinase 1 (TPK1), which reportedly uses ATP to phosphorylate thiamine (vitamin B1). We found that uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) acts as the preferred substrate for TPK1, enabling cellular TPP synthesis, PDH activity, TCA-cycle activity, lipogenesis, and adipocyte differentiation. Thus, UTP is required for vitamin B1 utilization to maintain pyruvate oxidation and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umakant Sahu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elodie Villa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Colleen R Reczek
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zibo Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Brendan P O'Hara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael D Torno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | - John M Asara
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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7
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Long Y, Han X, Meng X, Xu P, Tao F. A robust yeast chassis: comprehensive characterization of a fast-growing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. mBio 2024; 15:e0319623. [PMID: 38214535 PMCID: PMC10865977 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03196-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Robust chassis are critical to facilitate advances in synthetic biology. This study describes a comprehensive characterization of a new yeast isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae XP that grows faster than commonly used research and industrial S. cerevisiae strains. The genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses suggest that the fast growth rate is, in part, due to the efficient electron transport chain and key growth factor synthesis. A toolbox for genetic manipulation of the yeast was developed; we used it to construct l-lactic acid producers for high lactate production. The development of genetically malleable yeast strains that grow faster than currently used strains may significantly enhance the uses of S. cerevisiae in biotechnology.IMPORTANCEYeast is known as an outstanding starting strain for constructing microbial cell factories. However, its growth rate restricts its application. A yeast strain XP, which grows fast in high concentrations of sugar and acidic environments, is revealed to demonstrate the potential in industrial applications. A toolbox was also built for its genetic manipulation including gene insertion, deletion, and ploidy transformation. The knowledge of its metabolism, which could guide the designing of genetic experiments, was generated with multi-omics analyses. This novel strain along with its toolbox was then tested by constructing an l-lactic acid efficient producer, which is conducive to the development of degradable plastics. This study highlights the remarkable competence of nonconventional yeast for applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdanyu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanlin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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8
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da Silva MP, Lima FW, Moura AG, Nunes JP, de Cordova CA, de Cordova FM. ERK1/2 modulation in the central nervous system of male and female thiamine-deficient mice with amprolium. Lab Anim 2024; 58:22-33. [PMID: 37684026 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231191586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency experimental models focus on using the pyrithiamine analog in male rodents, making the thiamine deficiency effects in females and the use of other thiamine antagonists, such as amprolium, unknown. We investigated the impact of thiamine deficiency with amprolium in the cerebral cortex and thalamus of male and female mice by evaluating the modulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The animals were exposed for 20 days to thiamine-deficient chow with different doses of amprolium (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/kg) and at different treatment periods (five, 10, 15 or 20 days) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. After treatments, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was analyzed by western blot. In male mice, we observed a progressive increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both the cerebral cortex and thalamus in response to the dose of amprolium. In females, ERK1/2 phosphorylation did not progressively increase in response to the amprolium dosage. However, an increase in phosphorylation at the higher doses of 60 and 80 mg/kg was observed. We observed a more intense increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in males' cerebral cortex and thalamus from 10 days onwards. In females, the ERK1/2 modulation profiles were similar. The results show that thiamine deficiency induction with amprolium is efficient, compatible with other recognized models that use pyrithiamine, showing changes in cell signaling in the nervous system. The study showed differences in response to thiamine deficiency with amprolium between male and female mice in relation to ERK1/2 phosphorylation and demonstrated that females respond positively to the method and can also be used as model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian P da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wb Lima
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Adha Gs Moura
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Julia P Nunes
- Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano M de Cordova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos Trópicos, Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Araguaína, Brazil
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9
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Aleshin VA, Kaehne T, Maslova MV, Graf AV, Bunik VI. Posttranslational Acylations of the Rat Brain Transketolase Discriminate the Enzyme Responses to Inhibitors of ThDP-Dependent Enzymes or Thiamine Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:917. [PMID: 38255994 PMCID: PMC10815635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Transketolase (TKT) is an essential thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme of the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, with the glucose-6P flux through the pathway regulated in various medically important conditions. Here, we characterize the brain TKT regulation by acylation in rats with perturbed thiamine-dependent metabolism, known to occur in neurodegenerative diseases. The perturbations are modeled by the administration of oxythiamine inhibiting ThDP-dependent enzymes in vivo or by reduced thiamine availability in the presence of metformin and amprolium, inhibiting intracellular thiamine transporters. Compared to control rats, chronic administration of oxythiamine does not significantly change the modification level of the two detected TKT acetylation sites (K6 and K102) but doubles malonylation of TKT K499, concomitantly decreasing 1.7-fold the level of demalonylase sirtuin 5. The inhibitors of thiamine transporters do not change average levels of TKT acylation or sirtuin 5. TKT structures indicate that the acylated residues are distant from the active sites. The acylations-perturbed electrostatic interactions may be involved in conformational shifts and/or the formation of TKT complexes with other proteins or nucleic acids. Acetylation of K102 may affect the active site entrance/exit and subunit interactions. Correlation analysis reveals that the action of oxythiamine is characterized by significant negative correlations of K499 malonylation or K6 acetylation with TKT activity, not observed upon the action of the inhibitors of thiamine transport. However, the transport inhibitors induce significant negative correlations between the TKT activity and K102 acetylation or TKT expression, absent in the oxythiamine group. Thus, perturbations in the ThDP-dependent catalysis or thiamine transport manifest in the insult-specific patterns of the brain TKT malonylation and acetylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Aleshin
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Thilo Kaehne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Maria V. Maslova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.A.); (A.V.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Burgener S, Dačević B, Zhang X, Ward TR. Binding Interactions and Inhibition Mechanisms of Gold Complexes in Thiamine Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes. Biochemistry 2023; 62:3303-3311. [PMID: 37931174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes possess the unique ability to generate a carbene within their active site. In this study, we sought to harness this carbene to produce a Au(I) N-heterocyclic complex directly in the active site of ThDP enzymes, thereby establishing a novel platform for artificial metalloenzymes. Because direct metalation of ThDP proved challenging, we synthesized a ThDP mimic that acts as a competitive inhibitor with a high affinity (Ki = 1.5 μM). Upon metalation with Au(I), we observed that the complex became a more potent inhibitor (Ki = 0.7 μM). However, detailed analysis of the inhibition mode, native mass spectrometry, and size exclusion experiments revealed that the complex does not bind specifically to the active site of ThDP enzymes. Instead, it exhibits unspecific binding and exceeds the 1:1 stoichiometry. Similar binding patterns were observed for other Au(I) species. These findings prompt an important question regarding the inherent propensity of ThDP enzymes to bind strongly to Au. If this phenomenon holds true, it could pave the way for the development of Au-based drugs targeting these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Burgener
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bratislav Dačević
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Liu WX, Liu HN, Weng ZP, Geng Q, Zhang Y, Li YF, Shen W, Zhou Y, Zhang T. Maternal vitamin B1 is a determinant for the fate of primordial follicle formation in offspring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7403. [PMID: 37973927 PMCID: PMC10654754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The mediation of maternal-embryonic cross-talk via nutrition and metabolism impacts greatly on offspring health. However, the underlying key interfaces remain elusive. Here, we determined that maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy in mice impaired preservation of the ovarian primordial follicle pool in female offspring, which was concomitant with mitochondrial dysfunction of germ cells. Furthermore, this occurred through a reduction in maternal gut microbiota-related vitamin B1 while the defects were restored via vitamin B1 supplementation. Intriguingly, vitamin B1 promoted acetyl-CoA metabolism in offspring ovaries, contributing to histone acetylation and chromatin accessibility at the promoters of cell cycle-related genes, enhancement of mitochondrial function, and improvement of granulosa cell proliferation. In humans, vitamin B1 is downregulated in the serum of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. In this work, these findings uncover the role of the non-gamete transmission of maternal high-fat diet in influencing offspring oogenic fate. Vitamin B1 could be a promising therapeutic approach for protecting offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Hai-Ning Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Zhan-Ping Weng
- Department of obstetrical, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Qi Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Ya-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock (R2BGL), College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China.
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12
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Jastrzebska I, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Grześ PA, Ratkiewicz A, Grabowska E, Czerniecka M, Czyżewska U, Tylicki A. New Steroidal Selenides as Proapoptotic Factors. Molecules 2023; 28:7528. [PMID: 38005248 PMCID: PMC10673341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects of selenium steroid derivatives against HeLa cells were determined. The highest cytostatic activity was shown by derivative 4 (GI50 25.0 µM, almost complete growth inhibition after three days of culture, and over 97% of apoptotic and dead cells at 200 µM). The results of our study (cell number measurements, apoptosis profile, relative expression of apoptosis-related APAF1, BID, and mevalonate pathway-involved HMGCR, SQLE, CYP51A1, and PDHB genes, and computational chemistry data) support the hypothesis that tested selenosteroids induce the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis by affecting the cell membrane as cholesterol antimetabolites. An additional mechanism of action is possible through a direct action of derivative 4 to inhibit PDHB expression in a way similar to steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Paweł A Grześ
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Ratkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Grabowska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czerniecka
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Czyżewska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Tylicki
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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13
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Arianti R, Ágnes Vinnai B, Győry F, Guba A, Csősz É, Kristóf E, Fésüs L. Availability of abundant thiamine determines efficiency of thermogenic activation in human neck area derived adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109385. [PMID: 37230255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brown/beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) that enables them to dissipate energy as heat. Systematic activation of this process can alleviate obesity. Human brown adipose tissues are interspersed in distinct anatomical regions including deep neck. We found that UCP1 enriched adipocytes differentiated from precursors of this depot highly expressed ThTr2 transporter of thiamine and consumed thiamine during thermogenic activation of these adipocytes by cAMP which mimics adrenergic stimulation. Inhibition of ThTr2 led to lower thiamine consumption with decreased proton leak respiration reflecting reduced uncoupling. In the absence of thiamine, cAMP-induced uncoupling was diminished but restored by thiamine addition reaching the highest levels at thiamine concentrations larger than present in human blood plasma. Thiamine is converted to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in cells; the addition of TPP to permeabilized adipocytes increased uncoupling fueled by TPP-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase. ThTr2 inhibition also hampered cAMP-dependent induction of UCP1, PGC1a, and other browning marker genes, and thermogenic induction of these genes was potentiated by thiamine in a concentration dependent manner. Our study reveals the importance of amply supplied thiamine during thermogenic activation in human adipocytes which provides TPP for TPP-dependent enzymes not fully saturated with this cofactor and by potentiating the induction of thermogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Arianti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Ágnes Vinnai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Győry
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Guba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Kristóf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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14
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Chan AH, Ho TCS, Fathoni I, Pope R, Saliba KJ, Leeper FJ. Inhibition of Thiamine Diphosphate-Dependent Enzymes by Triazole-Based Thiamine Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:621-628. [PMID: 37197459 PMCID: PMC10184313 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is metabolized into the coenzyme thiamine diphosphate (ThDP). Interrupting thiamine utilization leads to disease states. Oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, is metabolized into oxythiamine diphosphate (OxThDP), which inhibits ThDP-dependent enzymes. Oxythiamine has been used to validate thiamine utilization as an anti-malarial drug target. However, high oxythiamine doses are needed in vivo because of its rapid clearance, and its potency decreases dramatically with thiamine levels. We report herein cell-permeable thiamine analogues possessing a triazole ring and a hydroxamate tail replacing the thiazolium ring and diphosphate groups of ThDP. We characterize their broad-spectrum competitive inhibition of ThDP-dependent enzymes and of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation. We demonstrate how the cellular thiamine-utilization pathway can be probed by using our compounds and oxythiamine in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex H.
Y. Chan
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Terence C. S. Ho
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Imam Fathoni
- Research
School of Biology, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pope
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Kevin J. Saliba
- Research
School of Biology, The Australian National
University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Finian J. Leeper
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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15
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Aleshin VA, Sibiryakina DA, Kazantsev AV, Graf AV, Bunik VI. Acylation of the Rat Brain Proteins is Affected by the Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in vivo. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:105-118. [PMID: 37068879 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Organism adaptation to metabolic challenges requires coupling of metabolism to gene expression. In this regard, acylations of histones and metabolic proteins acquire significant interest. We hypothesize that adaptive response to inhibition of a key metabolic process, catalyzed by the acetyl-CoA-generating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, is mediated by changes in the protein acylations. The hypothesis is tested by intranasal administration to animals of PDH-specific inhibitors acetyl(methyl)phosphinate (AcMeP) or acetylphosphonate methyl ester (AcPMe), followed by the assessment of physiological parameters, brain protein acylation, and expression/phosphorylation of PDHA subunit. At the same dose, AcMeP, but not AcPMe, decreases acetylation and increases succinylation of the brain proteins with apparent molecular masses of 15-20 kDa. Regarding the proteins of 30-50 kDa, a strong inhibitor AcMeP affects acetylation only, while a less efficient AcPMe mostly increases succinylation. The unchanged succinylation of the 30-50 kDa proteins after the administration of AcMeP coincides with the upregulation of desuccinylase SIRT5. No significant differences between the levels of brain PDHA expression, PDHA phosphorylation, parameters of behavior or ECG are observed in the studied animal groups. The data indicate that the short-term inhibition of brain PDH affects acetylation and/or succinylation of the brain proteins, that depends on the inhibitor potency, protein molecular mass, and acylation type. The homeostatic nature of these changes is implied by the stability of physiological parameters after the PDH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A Aleshin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Biokinetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119048, Russia
| | - Daria A Sibiryakina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kazantsev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Biokinetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Graf
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Biokinetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Biokinetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119048, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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16
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Artiukhov AV, Aleshin VA, Karlina IS, Kazantsev AV, Sibiryakina DA, Ksenofontov AL, Lukashev NV, Graf AV, Bunik VI. Phosphonate Inhibitors of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Perturb Homeostasis of Amino Acids and Protein Succinylation in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13186. [PMID: 36361974 PMCID: PMC9655319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) is essential for brain glucose and neurotransmitter metabolism, which is dysregulated in many pathologies. Using specific inhibitors of PDHC in vivo, we determine biochemical and physiological responses to PDHC dysfunction. Dose dependence of the responses to membrane-permeable dimethyl acetylphosphonate (AcPMe2) is non-monotonous. Primary decreases in glutathione and its redox potential, methionine, and ethanolamine are alleviated with increasing PDHC inhibition, the alleviation accompanied by physiological changes. A comparison of 39 brain biochemical parameters after administration of four phosphinate and phosphonate analogs of pyruvate at a fixed dose of 0.1 mmol/kg reveals no primary, but secondary changes, such as activation of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) and decreased levels of glutamate, isoleucine and leucine. The accompanying decreases in freezing time are most pronounced after administration of methyl acetylphosphinate and dimethyl acetylphosphonate. The PDHC inhibitors do not significantly change the levels of PDHA1 expression and phosphorylation, sirtuin 3 and total protein acetylation, but increase total protein succinylation and glutarylation, affecting sirtuin 5 expression. Thus, decreased production of the tricarboxylic acid cycle substrate acetyl-CoA by inhibited PDHC is compensated by increased degradation of amino acids through the activated OGDHC, increasing total protein succinylation/glutarylation. Simultaneously, parasympathetic activity and anxiety indicators decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V. Artiukhov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Aleshin
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S. Karlina
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kazantsev
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander L. Ksenofontov
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Lukashev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Graf
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, 105043 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Abstract
α-Amino acids are essential molecular constituents of life, twenty of which are privileged because they are encoded by the ribosomal machinery. The question remains open as to why this number and why this 20 in particular, an almost philosophical question that cannot be conclusively resolved. They are closely related to the evolution of the genetic code and whether nucleic acids, amino acids, and peptides appeared simultaneously and were available under prebiotic conditions when the first self-sufficient complex molecular system emerged on Earth. This report focuses on prebiotic and metabolic aspects of amino acids and proteins starting with meteorites, followed by their formation, including peptides, under plausible prebiotic conditions, and the major biosynthetic pathways in the various kingdoms of life. Coenzymes play a key role in the present analysis in that amino acid metabolism is linked to glycolysis and different variants of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA, rTCA, and the incomplete horseshoe version) as well as the biosynthesis of the most important coenzymes. Thus, the report opens additional perspectives and facets on the molecular evolution of primary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverSchneiderberg 1B30167HannoverGermany
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18
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2022The report provides a broad approach to deciphering the evolution of coenzyme biosynthetic pathways. Here, these various pathways are analyzed with respect to the coenzymes required for this purpose. Coenzymes whose biosynthesis relies on a large number of coenzyme-mediated reactions probably appeared on the scene at a later stage of biological evolution, whereas the biosyntheses of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) and nicotinamide (NAD+) require little additional coenzymatic support and are therefore most likely very ancient biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirschning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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19
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Prajapati S, Rabe von Pappenheim F, Tittmann K. Frontiers in the enzymology of thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 76:102441. [PMID: 35988322 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes that use thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), the biologically active derivative of vitamin B1, as a cofactor play important roles in cellular metabolism in all domains of life. The analysis of ThDP enzymes in the past decades have provided a general framework for our understanding of enzyme catalysis of this protein family. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in the field that include the observation of "unusual" reactions and reaction intermediates that highlight the chemical versatility of the thiamin cofactor. Further topics cover the structural basis of cooperativity of ThDP enzymes, novel insights into the mechanism and structure of selected enzymes, and the discovery of "superassemblies" as reported, for example, acetohydroxy acid synthase. Finally, we summarize recent findings in the structural organisation and mode of action of 2-keto acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes and discuss future directions of this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Prajapati
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Rabe von Pappenheim
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Kai Tittmann
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Liu J, Zhang X, Deng S, Wang H, Zhao Y. Thiamine Is Required for Virulence and Survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 on Tomatoes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903258. [PMID: 35783427 PMCID: PMC9247456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000) is an important plant pathogen that infects tomatoes and Arabidopsis. Thiamine and its derivative thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) are cofactors that play an important role in the growth and survival of many bacterial microorganisms. However, the role of thiamine-related genes has not been determined in PstDC3000. Hence, to investigate the role of TPP in growth, resistance to stresses, and virulence of PstDC3000, double and quadruple mutants of thiamine biosynthesis-related genes (thiD/E, thiS/G, and thiD/E/S/G deletion mutants) as well as a single mutant of a lipoprotein-related gene (apbE) were constructed. Our results showed that growth of the thiD/E, thiS/G, and thiD/E/S/G mutants in the mannitol-glutamate (MG) medium was significantly lower than that of the wild type (WT) and their growth could be restored to the WT level with the addition of exogenous thiamine, whereas mutation of the apbE gene did not affect its growth in vitro. While tolerance to acid, osmotic, and oxidative stresses for the double mutants was similar to the WT, tolerance to stresses for the apbE mutant was reduced as compared to the WT. In addition, all four mutants exhibited reduced virulence and growth in tomatoes. However, when the double and quadruple mutants were inoculated with exogenous thiamine, the virulence and growth rate of these mutants were restored to the WT level. These results indicated that the thiD/E, thiS/G, and thiD/E/S/G mutants exhibiting growth deficiency in planta are probably due to a lack of thiamine biosynthesis, thus reducing colonization in tomatoes. On the other hand, it is possible that the apbE mutant exhibited reduced stress tolerances, thus resulting in reduced colonization. Overall, our findings suggest that the thiamine biosynthetic (TBS) pathway plays an important role in the colonization and infection of PstDC3000. Therefore, the thiamine biosynthetic pathway could be used as the target to develop new control measures for a bacterial spot in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejiang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyi Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease, Insect Pests and Weeds Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, United States
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21
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Nidhi, Kumar P, Pathania D, Thakur S, Sharma M. Environment-mediated mutagenetic interference on genetic stabilization and circadian rhythm in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:358. [PMID: 35687153 PMCID: PMC11072124 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many mortal organisms on this planet have developed the potential to merge all internal as well as external environmental cues to regulate various processes running inside organisms and in turn make them adaptive to the environment through the circadian clock. This moving rotator controls processes like activation of hormonal, metabolic, or defense pathways, initiation of flowering at an accurate period, and developmental processes in plants to ensure their stability in the environment. All these processes that are under the control of this rotating wheel can be changed either by external environmental factors or by an unpredictable phenomenon called mutation that can be generated by either physical mutagens, chemical mutagens, or by internal genetic interruption during metabolic processes, which alters normal functionality of organisms like innate immune responses, entrainment of the clock, biomass reduction, chlorophyll formation, and hormonal signaling, despite its fewer positive roles in plants like changing plant type, loss of vernalization treatment to make them survivable in different latitudes, and defense responses during stress. In addition, with mutation, overexpression of gene components sometimes supresses mutation effect and promote normal circadian genes abundance in the cell, while sometimes it affects circadian functionality by generating arrhythmicity and shows that not only mutation but overexpression also effects normal functional activities of plant. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the role of each circadian clock genes in regulating rhythmicity, and shows that how circadian outputs are controlled by mutations as well as overexpression phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173212, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharmshala, India
| | - Diksha Pathania
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173212, India
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mamta Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173212, India.
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22
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Ju Z, Xu J, Li Z, Fang J, Li M, Howell DC, Chen FE. Benzaldehyde lyase-catalyzed enantioselective C–C bond formation and cleavage: A review. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Rudge ES, Chan AHY, Leeper FJ. Prodrugs of pyrophosphates and bisphosphonates: disguising phosphorus oxyanions. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:375-391. [PMID: 35647550 PMCID: PMC9020613 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrophosphates have important functions in living systems and thus pyrophosphate-containing molecules and their more stable bisphosphonate analogues have the potential to be used as drugs for treating many diseases including cancer and viral infections. Both pyrophosphates and bisphosphonates are polyanionic at physiological pH and, whilst this is essential for their biological activity, it also limits their use as therapeutic agents. In particular, the high negative charge density of these compounds prohibits cell entry other than by endocytosis, prevents transcellular oral absorption and causes sequestration to bone. Therefore, prodrug strategies have been developed to temporarily disguise the charges of these compounds. This review examines the various systems that have been used to mask the phosphorus-containing moieties of pyrophosphates and bisphosphonates and also illustrates the utility of such prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Rudge
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Alex H Y Chan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Finian J Leeper
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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24
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Palmieri F, Monné M, Fiermonte G, Palmieri L. Mitochondrial transport and metabolism of the vitamin B-derived cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD + , and related diseases: A review. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:592-617. [PMID: 35304818 PMCID: PMC9311062 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple mitochondrial matrix enzymes playing key roles in metabolism require cofactors for their action. Due to the high impermeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, these cofactors need to be synthesized within the mitochondria or be imported, themselves or one of their precursors, into the organelles. Transporters belonging to the protein family of mitochondrial carriers have been identified to transport the coenzymes: thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ , which are all structurally similar to nucleotides and derived from different B-vitamins. These mitochondrial cofactors bind more or less tightly to their enzymes and, after having been involved in a specific reaction step, are regenerated, spontaneously or by other enzymes, to return to their active form, ready for the next catalysis round. Disease-causing mutations in the mitochondrial cofactor carrier genes compromise not only the transport reaction but also the activity of all mitochondrial enzymes using that particular cofactor and the metabolic pathways in which the cofactor-dependent enzymes are involved. The mitochondrial transport, metabolism and diseases of the cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate, coenzyme A, FAD and NAD+ are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
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25
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Yang W, Gutbrod P, Gutbrod K, Peisker H, Song X, Falz AL, Meyer AJ, Dörmann P. 2-Hydroxy-phytanoyl-CoA lyase (AtHPCL) is involved in phytol metabolism in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1290-1304. [PMID: 34902195 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During chlorophyll degradation, large amounts of the isoprenoid alcohol phytol are released. The pathway of phytol catabolism has been studied in humans, because chlorophyll is part of the human diet, but little is known for plants. In humans, phytanoyl-CoA derived from phytol is degraded via α-oxidation by phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (PAHX) and 2-hydroxy-phytanoyl-CoA lyase (HPCL). Arabidopsis contains two sequences homologous to the human proteins AtPAHX and AtHPCL. Insertional mutants of Arabidopsis (pahx, hpcl) were grown under N deprivation to stimulate chlorophyll breakdown or supplemented with phytol to increase the endogenous amount of phytol. During N deprivation, chlorophyll, phytol, phytenal, upstream metabolites of phytol breakdown, and tocopherol and fatty acid phytyl esters, alternative phytol-derived lipids, accumulated in pahx and hpcl mutants, in line with the scenario that the mutations interfere with phytol degradation. AtHPCL was localized to the peroxisomes. Expression analysis of the AtHPCL sequence in the yeast Δpxp1 or Δmpo1 mutants followed by supplementation with 2-hydroxy-palmitic acid and enzyme assays of peroxisomal proteins from Col-0 and hpcl plants with 2-hydroxy-stearoyl-CoA revealed that AtHPCL harbors 2-hydroxy-acyl-CoA lyase activity. The α-dioxygenases αDOX1 and αDOX2 are involved in α-oxidation of fatty acids and could be involved in an alternative pathway of phytol degradation. However, phytol-related lipids in the αdox1, αdox2, or αdox1 αdox2 mutants were not altered compared with Col-0, indicating that αDOX1 and αDOX2 are not involved in phytol degradation. These results demonstrate that phytol degradation in Arabidopsis involves α-oxidation by AtPAHX and AtHPCL, but that it is independent of αDOX1/αDOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yang
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaoning Song
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Falz
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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26
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PT109, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor suppresses glioblastoma multiforme through cell reprogramming: Involvement of PTBP1/PKM1/2 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174837. [PMID: 35218719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type and lethal form of primary malignant brain tumor, accounting for about 40-50% of intracranial tumors and without effective treatments now. Cell reprogramming is one of the emerging treatment approaches for GBM, which can reprogram glioblastomas into non-tumor cells to achieve therapeutic effects. However, anti-GBM drugs through reprogramming can only provide limited symptom relief, and cannot completely cure GBM. Here we showed that PT109, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, suppressed GBM's proliferation, colony formation, migration and reprogramed GBM into oligodendrocytes. Analysis of quantitative proteomics data after PT109 administration of human GBM cells showed significant influence of energy metabolism, cell cycle, and immune system processes of GBM-associated protein. Metabolomics analysis showed that PT109 improved the aerobic respiration process in glioma cells. Meanwhile, we found that PT109 could significantly increase the ratio of Pyruvate kinase M1/2 (PKM1/2) by reducing the level of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1). Altogether, this work developed a novel anti-GBM small molecule PT109, which reprogramed GBM into oligodendrocytes and changed the metabolic pattern of GBM through the PTBP1/PKM1/2 pathway, providing a new strategy for the development of anti-glioma drugs.
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27
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Pan Z, Tian H, Fang T, Liu Z, Liu X, Dou G, Huang G, Zhang Z, Chen G, Wang W, Zhuo C. OGDHL Variant rs2293239: A Potential Genetic Driver of Chinese Familial Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:771950. [PMID: 35370858 PMCID: PMC8971628 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.771950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders are a severe psychiatric and social problem that affect more than 4% of the global population. Depressive disorders have explicit hereditary characteristics; however, the precise driving genetic force behind these disorders has not yet been clearly illustrated. In the present study, we recruited a three-generation Chinese pedigree in which 5 of 17 members had long-term depression. We conducted whole-exome sequencing to identify the genetic mutation profiles of the family, and a list of susceptible genetic variations that were highly associated with depression onset was revealed via multiple omics analysis. In particular, a non-synonymous single nucleotide variation in the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) gene, rs2293239 (p.Asn725Ser), was identified as one of the major driving genetic forces for depression onset in the family. This variant causes an important conformational change in the transketolase domain of OGDHL, thus reducing its binding affinity with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate and eventually resulting in the abnormal accumulation of glutamate in the brain. Brain imaging analysis further linked the rs2293239 variant with an enlarged amygdala and cerebellum in depressive family members. In summary, the present study enhances the current genetic understanding of depressive disorders. It also provides new options for prioritizing better clinical therapeutic regimens, as well as identifying a new protein target for the design of highly specific drugs to treat depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits of Neurology and Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits of Neurology and Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits of Neurology and Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits of Neurology and Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangqian Dou
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits of Neurology and Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoyong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xiamen Xianyue Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brain Circuits of Neurology and Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Bettendorff L. Update on Thiamine Triphosphorylated Derivatives and Metabolizing Enzymatic Complexes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1645. [PMID: 34827643 PMCID: PMC8615392 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the cellular functions of the coenzyme thiamine (vitamin B1) diphosphate (ThDP) are well characterized, the triphosphorylated thiamine derivatives, thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) and adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), still represent an intriguing mystery. They are present, generally in small amounts, in nearly all organisms, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. The synthesis of ThTP seems to require ATP synthase by a mechanism similar to ATP synthesis. In E. coli, ThTP is synthesized during amino acid starvation, while in plants, its synthesis is dependent on photosynthetic processes. In E. coli, ThTP synthesis probably requires oxidation of pyruvate and may play a role at the interface between energy and amino acid metabolism. In animal cells, no mechanism of regulation is known. Cytosolic ThTP levels are controlled by a highly specific cytosolic thiamine triphosphatase (ThTPase), coded by thtpa, and belonging to the ubiquitous family of the triphosphate tunnel metalloenzymes (TTMs). While members of this protein family are found in nearly all living organisms, where they bind organic and inorganic triphosphates, ThTPase activity seems to be restricted to animals. In mammals, THTPA is ubiquitously expressed with probable post-transcriptional regulation. Much less is known about the recently discovered AThTP. In E. coli, AThTP is synthesized by a high molecular weight protein complex from ThDP and ATP or ADP in response to energy stress. A better understanding of these two thiamine derivatives will require the use of transgenic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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29
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Cheng J, Li X. Development and Application of Activity-based Fluorescent Probes for High-Throughput Screening. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1739-1756. [PMID: 34036907 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210525141728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening facilitates the rapid identification of novel hit compounds; however, it remains challenging to design effective high-throughput assays, partially due to the difficulty of achieving sensitivity in the assay techniques. Among the various analytical methods that are used, fluorescence-based assays dominate owing to their high sensitivity and ease of operation. Recent advances in activity-based sensing/imaging have further expanded the availability of fluorescent probes as monitors for high-throughput screening of result outputs. In this study, we have reviewed various activity-based fluorescent probes used in high-throughput screening assays, emphasizing their structure-related working mechanisms. Moreover, we have explored the possibility of the development of additional and better probes to boost hit identification and drug development against various targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Grabowska E, Czerniecka M, Czyżewska U, Zambrzycka A, Łotowski Z, Tylicki A. Differences in the efficiency of 3-deazathiamine and oxythiamine pyrophosphates as inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and growth of HeLa cells in vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:122-129. [PMID: 33187452 PMCID: PMC7671598 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1844681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxythiamine (OT) and 3-deazathiamine (DAT) are the antimetabolites of thiamine. The aim of study was to compare the effects of OT and DAT pyrophosphates (-PP) on the kinetics of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and the in vitro culture of HeLa cells. The kinetic study showed that 3-deazathiamine pyrophosphate (DATPP) was a much stronger competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.0026 μM) of PDHC than OTPP (Ki = 0.025 μM). Both Ki values were much lower versus Km for thiamine pyrophosphate (0.06 μM). However, DATPP added to the culture medium for the HeLa cells culture did not hamper the rate of cell growth and showed not significant impact on the viability of the cells, whereas OTPP and OT showed a significant cytostatic effect. The differences between the thiamine antivitamins in their effect on cell growth in vitro may be due to differences in physicochemical properties and difficulty in DAT transport across the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Grabowska
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Czerniecka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Czyżewska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Zenon Łotowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Tylicki
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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31
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Artiukhov AV, Kazantsev AV, Lukashev NV, Bellinzoni M, Bunik VI. Selective Inhibition of 2-Oxoglutarate and 2-Oxoadipate Dehydrogenases by the Phosphonate Analogs of Their 2-Oxo Acid Substrates. Front Chem 2021; 8:596187. [PMID: 33511099 PMCID: PMC7835950 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.596187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonate analogs of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate are established specific inhibitors of cognate 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases. The present work develops application of this class of compounds to specific in vivo inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and its isoenzyme, 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADH). The isoenzymes-enriched preparations from the rat tissues with different expression of OADH and OGDH are used to characterize their interaction with 2-oxoglutarate (OG), 2-oxoadipate (OA) and the phosphonate analogs. Despite a 100-fold difference in the isoenzymes ratio in the heart and liver, similar Michaelis saturations by OG are inherent in the enzyme preparations from these tissues (KmOG = 0.45 ± 0.06 and 0.27 ± 0.026 mM, respectively), indicating no significant contribution of OADH to the OGDH reaction, or similar affinities of the isoenzymes to OG. However, the preparations differ in the catalysis of OADH reaction. The heart preparation, where OADH/OGDH ratio is ≈ 0.01, possesses low-affinity sites to OA (KmOA = 0.55 ± 0.07 mM). The liver preparation, where OADH/OGDH ratio is ≈ 1.6, demonstrates a biphasic saturation with OA: the low-affinity sites (Km,2OA = 0.45 ± 0.12 mM) are similar to those of the heart preparation; the high-affinity sites (Km,1OA = 0.008 ± 0.001 mM), revealed in the liver preparation only, are attributed to OADH. Phosphonate analogs of C5-C7 dicarboxylic 2-oxo acids inhibit OGDH and OADH competitively to 2-oxo substrates in all sites. The high-affinity sites for OA are affected the least by the C5 analog (succinyl phosphonate) and the most by the C7 one (adipoyl phosphonate). The opposite reactivity is inherent in both the low-affinity OA-binding sites and OG-binding sites. The C6 analog (glutaryl phosphonate) does not exhibit a significant preference to either OADH or OGDH. Structural analysis of the phosphonates binding to OADH and OGDH reveals the substitution of a tyrosine residue in OGDH for a serine residue in OADH among structural determinants of the preferential binding of the bulkier ligands to OADH. The consistent kinetic and structural results expose adipoyl phosphonate as a valuable pharmacological tool for specific in vivo inhibition of the DHTKD1-encoded OADH, a new member of mammalian family of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases, up-regulated in some cancers and associated with diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Artiukhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Marco Bellinzoni
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biokinetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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32
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Labuschagne P, Divol B. Thiamine: a key nutrient for yeasts during wine alcoholic fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:953-973. [PMID: 33404836 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fermentation is a crucial step of winemaking, during which yeasts convert sugars to alcohol and also produce or biotransform numerous flavour compounds. In this context, nutrients are essential compounds to support yeast growth and ultimately ensure complete fermentation, as well as optimized production of flavour compounds over that of off-flavour compounds. In particular, the vitamin thiamine not only plays an essential cofactor role for several enzymes involved in various metabolic pathways, including those leading to the production of wine-relevant flavour compounds, but also aids yeast survival via thiamine-dependent stress protection functions. Most yeast species are able to both assimilate exogenous thiamine into the cell and synthesize thiamine de novo. However, the mechanism and level of thiamine accumulation depend on several factors. This review provides an in-depth overview of thiamine utilization and metabolism in the model yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as the current knowledge on (1) the intracellular functions of thiamine, (2) the balance between and regulation of uptake and synthesis of thiamine and (3) the multitude of factors influencing thiamine availability and utilization. For the latter, a particular emphasis is placed on conditions occurring during wine fermentation. The adequacy of thiamine concentration in grape must to ensure successful fermentation is discussed together with the effect of thiamine concentration on fermentation kinetics and on wine sensory properties. This knowledge may serve as a resource to optimise thiamine concentrations for optimal industrial application of yeasts. KEY POINTS: • Thiamine uptake is preferred over biosynthesis and is transcriptionally repressed. • Multiple factors affect thiamine synthesis, availability and uptake for wine yeast. • Thiamine availability impacts fermentation kinetics and wine's sensory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pwj Labuschagne
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - B Divol
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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33
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Latour X. The Evanescent GacS Signal. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111746. [PMID: 33172195 PMCID: PMC7695008 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The GacS histidine kinase is the membrane sensor of the major upstream two-component system of the regulatory Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway. This pathway governs the expression of a wide range of genes in pseudomonads and controls bacterial fitness and motility, tolerance to stress, biofilm formation, and virulence or plant protection. Despite the importance of these roles, the ligands binding to the sensor domain of GacS remain unknown, and their identification is an exciting challenge in this domain. At high population densities, the GacS signal triggers a switch from primary to secondary metabolism and a change in bacterial lifestyle. It has been suggested, based on these observations, that the GacS signal is a marker of the emergence of nutritional stress and competition. Biochemical investigations have yet to characterize the GacS signal fully. However, they portray this cue as a low-molecular weight, relatively simple and moderately apolar metabolite possibly resembling, but nevertheless different, from the aliphatic organic acids acting as quorum-sensing signaling molecules in other Proteobacteria. Significant progress in the development of metabolomic tools and new databases dedicated to Pseudomonas metabolism should help to unlock some of the last remaining secrets of GacS induction, making it possible to control the Gac/Rsm pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Latour
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), Normandy University (University of Rouen Normandy), 55 rue Saint-Germain, 27000 Evreux, France;
- Research Federation NORVEGE Fed4277, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Kim HJ, Lee H, Lee Y, Choi I, Ko Y, Lee S, Jang S. The ThiL enzyme is a valid antibacterial target essential for both thiamine biosynthesis and salvage pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10081-10091. [PMID: 32404369 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an essential cofactor for various pivotal cellular processes in all living organisms, including bacteria. Thiamine biosynthesis occurs in bacteria but not in humans; therefore, the enzymes in this pathway are attractive targets for antibiotic development. Among these enzymes, thiamine monophosphate kinase (ThiL) catalyzes the final step of this pathway, phosphorylating thiamine monophosphate to produce TPP. Here, we extensively investigated ThiL in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections. We demonstrate that thiL deletion abolishes not only thiamine biosynthesis but also thiamine salvage capability and results in growth defects of the ΔthiL strain even in the presence of thiamine derivatives, except for TPP. Most importantly, the pathogenesis of the ΔthiL strain was markedly attenuated, compared with that of WT cells, with lower inflammatory cytokine induction and 103-104-fold decreased bacterial loads in an in vivo infection model in which the intracellular TPP level was in the submicromolar range. To validate P. aeruginosa ThiL (PaThiL) as a drug target, we further characterized its biochemical properties, determining a V max of 4.0 ± 0.2 nmol·min-1 and Km values of 111 ± 8 and 8.0 ± 3.5 μm for ATP and thiamine monophosphate, respectively. An in vitro small-molecule screening assay identified PaThiL inhibitors including WAY213613, a noncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 13.4 ± 2.3 μm and potential antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa These comprehensive biological and biochemical results indicate that PaThiL represents a potential drug target for the development of an augmented repertoire of antibiotics against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Lee
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonae Ko
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Translation Research Department, Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- Discovery Biology Department, Antibacterial Resistance Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Noordally ZB, Trichtinger C, Dalvit I, Hofmann M, Roux C, Zamboni N, Pourcel L, Gas-Pascual E, Gisler A, Fitzpatrick TB. The coenzyme thiamine diphosphate displays a daily rhythm in the Arabidopsis nucleus. Commun Biol 2020; 3:209. [PMID: 32372067 PMCID: PMC7200797 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, metabolic homeostasis—the driving force of growth and development—is achieved through the dynamic behavior of a network of enzymes, many of which depend on coenzymes for activity. The circadian clock is established to influence coordination of supply and demand of metabolites. Metabolic oscillations independent of the circadian clock, particularly at the subcellular level is unexplored. Here, we reveal a metabolic rhythm of the essential coenzyme thiamine diphosphate (TDP) in the Arabidopsis nucleus. We show there is temporal separation of the clock control of cellular biosynthesis and transport of TDP at the transcriptional level. Taking advantage of the sole reported riboswitch metabolite sensor in plants, we show that TDP oscillates in the nucleus. This oscillation is a function of a light-dark cycle and is independent of circadian clock control. The findings are important to understand plant fitness in terms of metabolite rhythms. Noordally et al. show that the essential coenzyme thiamine diphosphate exhibits a daily rhythm in the Arabidopsis nucleus, which is driven by light-dark cycles and not by the circadian clock. This study provides insight into our understanding of the optimization of plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat B Noordally
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celso Trichtinger
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Dalvit
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hofmann
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Roux
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucille Pourcel
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elisabet Gas-Pascual
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Gisler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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The Iron Deficiency Response of Corynebacterium glutamicum and a Link to Thiamine Biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00065-20. [PMID: 32144105 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00065-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to iron limitation of the Gram-positive soil bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum was analyzed with respect to secreted metabolites, the transcriptome, and the proteome. During growth in glucose minimal medium, iron limitation caused a shift from lactate to pyruvate as the major secreted organic acid complemented by l-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate. Transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed that a pronounced iron starvation response governed by the transcriptional regulators DtxR and RipA was detectable in the late, but not in the early, exponential-growth phase. A link between iron starvation and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) biosynthesis was uncovered by the strong upregulation of thiC As phosphomethylpyrimidine synthase (ThiC) contains an iron-sulfur cluster, limiting activities of the TPP-dependent pyruvate-2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase supercomplex probably cause the excretion of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate. In line with this explanation, thiamine supplementation could strongly diminish the secretion of these acids. The upregulation of thiC and other genes involved in thiamine biosynthesis and transport is presumably due to TPP riboswitches present at the 5' end of the corresponding operons. The results obtained in this study provide new insights into iron homeostasis in C. glutamicum and demonstrate that the metabolic consequences of iron limitation can be due to the iron dependency of coenzyme biosynthesis.IMPORTANCE Iron is an essential element for most organisms but causes problems due to poor solubility under oxic conditions and due to toxicity by catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, bacteria have evolved complex regulatory networks for iron homeostasis aiming at a sufficient iron supply while minimizing ROS formation. In our study, the responses of the actinobacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum to iron limitation were analyzed, resulting in a detailed view on the processes involved in iron homeostasis in this model organism. In particular, we provide evidence that iron limitation causes TPP deficiency, presumably due to insufficient activity of the iron-dependent phosphomethylpyrimidine synthase (ThiC). TPP deficiency was deduced from the upregulation of genes controlled by a TPP riboswitch and secretion of metabolites caused by insufficient activity of the TPP-dependent enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. To our knowledge, the link between iron starvation and thiamine synthesis has not been elaborated previously.
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Artiukhov AV, Grabarska A, Gumbarewicz E, Aleshin VA, Kähne T, Obata T, Kazantsev AV, Lukashev NV, Stepulak A, Fernie AR, Bunik VI. Synthetic analogues of 2-oxo acids discriminate metabolic contribution of the 2-oxoglutarate and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenases in mammalian cells and tissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1886. [PMID: 32024885 PMCID: PMC7002488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological significance of the DHTKD1-encoded 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADH) remains obscure due to its catalytic redundancy with the ubiquitous OGDH-encoded 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH). In this work, metabolic contributions of OADH and OGDH are discriminated by exposure of cells/tissues with different DHTKD1 expression to the synthesized phosphonate analogues of homologous 2-oxodicarboxylates. The saccharopine pathway intermediates and phosphorylated sugars are abundant when cellular expressions of DHTKD1 and OGDH are comparable, while nicotinate and non-phosphorylated sugars are when DHTKD1 expression is order(s) of magnitude lower than that of OGDH. Using succinyl, glutaryl and adipoyl phosphonates on the enzyme preparations from tissues with varied DHTKD1 expression reveals the contributions of OADH and OGDH to oxidation of 2-oxoadipate and 2-oxoglutarate in vitro. In the phosphonates-treated cells with the high and low DHTKD1 expression, adipate or glutarate, correspondingly, are the most affected metabolites. The marker of fatty acid β-oxidation, adipate, is mostly decreased by the shorter, OGDH-preferring, phosphonate, in agreement with the known OGDH dependence of β-oxidation. The longest, OADH-preferring, phosphonate mostly affects the glutarate level. Coupled decreases in sugars and nicotinate upon the OADH inhibition link the perturbation in glucose homeostasis, known in OADH mutants, to the nicotinate-dependent NAD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V Artiukhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aneta Grabarska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gumbarewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Vasily A Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Thilo Kähne
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, George W. Beadle Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0664, USA
| | | | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Victoria I Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Understanding and Eliminating the Detrimental Effect of Thiamine Deficiency on the Oleaginous Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.02299-19. [PMID: 31704686 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02299-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is a vitamin that functions as a cofactor for key enzymes in carbon and energy metabolism in all living cells. While most plants, fungi, and bacteria can synthesize thiamine de novo, the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica cannot. In this study, we used proteomics together with physiological characterization to elucidate key metabolic processes influenced and regulated by thiamine availability and to identify the genetic basis of thiamine auxotrophy in Y. lipolytica Specifically, we found that thiamine depletion results in decreased protein abundance for the lipid biosynthesis pathway and energy metabolism (i.e., ATP synthase), leading to the negligible growth and poor sugar assimilation observed in our study. Using comparative genomics, we identified the missing 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine phosphate synthase (THI13) gene for the de novo thiamine biosynthesis in Y. lipolytica and discovered an exceptional promoter, P3, that exhibits strong activation and tight repression by low and high thiamine concentrations, respectively. Capitalizing on the strength of our thiamine-regulated promoter (P3) to express the missing gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (scTHI13), we engineered a thiamine-prototrophic Y. lipolytica strain. By comparing this engineered strain to the wild-type strain, we revealed the tight relationship between thiamine availability and lipid biosynthesis and demonstrated enhanced lipid production with thiamine supplementation in the engineered thiamine-prototrophic Y. lipolytica strain.IMPORTANCE Thiamine plays a crucial role as an essential cofactor for enzymes involved in carbon and energy metabolism in all living cells. Thiamine deficiency has detrimental consequences for cellular health. Yarrowia lipolytica, a nonconventional oleaginous yeast with broad biotechnological applications, is a native thiamine auxotroph whose affected cellular metabolism is not well understood. Therefore, Y. lipolytica is an ideal eukaryotic host for the study of thiamine metabolism, especially because mammalian cells are also thiamine auxotrophic and thiamine deficiency is implicated in several human diseases. This study elucidates the fundamental effects of thiamine deficiency on cellular metabolism in Y. lipolytica and identifies genes and novel thiamine-regulated elements that eliminate thiamine auxotrophy in Y. lipolytica Furthermore, the discovery of thiamine-regulated elements enables the development of thiamine biosensors with useful applications in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
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Ascorbate and Thiamin: Metabolic Modulators in Plant Acclimation Responses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010101. [PMID: 31941157 PMCID: PMC7020166 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell compartmentalization allows incompatible chemical reactions and localised responses to occur simultaneously, however, it also requires a complex system of communication between compartments in order to maintain the functionality of vital processes. It is clear that multiple such signals must exist, yet little is known about the identity of the key players orchestrating these interactions or about the role in the coordination of other processes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a considerable number of metabolites in common and are interdependent at multiple levels. Therefore, metabolites represent strong candidates as communicators between these organelles. In this context, vitamins and similar small molecules emerge as possible linkers to mediate metabolic crosstalk between compartments. This review focuses on two vitamins as potential metabolic signals within the plant cell, vitamin C (L-ascorbate) and vitamin B1 (thiamin). These two vitamins demonstrate the importance of metabolites in shaping cellular processes working as metabolic signals during acclimation processes. Inferences based on the combined studies of environment, genotype, and metabolite, in order to unravel signaling functions, are also highlighted.
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Graf A, Trofimova L, Ksenofontov A, Baratova L, Bunik V. Hypoxic Adaptation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Rat Cerebellum Decreases in Pregnancy. Cells 2020; 9:E139. [PMID: 31936131 PMCID: PMC7016955 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Function of brain amino acids as neurotransmitters or their precursors implies changes in the amino acid levels and/or metabolism in response to physiological and environmental challenges. Modelling such challenges by pregnancy and/or hypoxia, we characterize the amino acid pool in the rat cerebellum, quantifying the levels and correlations of 15 amino acids and activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC). The parameters are systemic indicators of metabolism because OGDHC limits the flux through mitochondrial TCA cycle, where amino acids are degraded and their precursors synthesized. Compared to non-pregnant state, pregnancy increases the cerebellar content of glutamate and tryptophan, decreasing interdependence between the quantified components of amino acid metabolism. In response to hypoxia, the dependence of cerebellar amino acid pool on OGDHC and the average levels of arginine, glutamate, lysine, methionine, serine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan increase in non-pregnant rats only. This is accompanied by a higher hypoxic resistance of the non-pregnant vs. pregnant rats, pointing to adaptive significance of the hypoxia-induced changes in the cerebellar amino acid metabolism. These adaptive mechanisms are not effective in the pregnancy-changed metabolic network. Thus, the cerebellar amino acid levels and OGDHC activity provide sensitive markers of the physiology-dependent organization of metabolic network and its stress adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Graf
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (L.T.)
- Faculty of Nano-, Bio-, Informational and Cognitive and Socio-humanistic Sciences and Technologies at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidia Trofimova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (A.G.); (L.T.)
| | - Alexander Ksenofontov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Lyudmila Baratova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Victoria Bunik
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Вiochemistry Department, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
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Aleshin VA, Mkrtchyan GV, Bunik VI. Mechanisms of Non-coenzyme Action of Thiamine: Protein Targets and Medical Significance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:829-850. [PMID: 31522667 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919080017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a precursor of the well-known coenzyme of central metabolic pathways thiamine diphosphate (ThDP). Highly intense glucose oxidation in the brain requires ThDP-dependent enzymes, which determines the critical significance of thiamine for neuronal functions. However, thiamine can also act through the non-coenzyme mechanisms. The well-known facilitation of acetylcholinergic neurotransmission upon the thiamine and acetylcholine co-release into the synaptic cleft has been supported by the discovery of thiamine triphosphate (ThTP)-dependent phosphorylation of the acetylcholine receptor-associated protein rapsyn, and thiamine interaction with the TAS2R1 receptor, resulting in the activation of synaptic ion currents. The non-coenzyme regulatory binding of thiamine compounds has been demonstrated for the transcriptional regulator p53, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, prion protein PRNP, and a number of key metabolic enzymes that do not use ThDP as a coenzyme. The accumulated data indicate that the molecular mechanisms of the neurotropic action of thiamine are far broader than it has been originally believed, and closely linked to the metabolism of thiamine and its derivatives in animals. The significance of this topic has been illustrated by the recently established competition between thiamine and the antidiabetic drug metformin for common transporters, which can be the reason for the thiamine deficiency underlying metformin side effects. Here, we also discuss the medical implications of the research on thiamine, including the role of thiaminases in thiamine reutilization and biosynthesis of thiamine antagonists; molecular mechanisms of action of natural and synthetic thiamine antagonists, and biotransformation of pharmacological forms of thiamine. Given the wide medical application of thiamine and its synthetic forms, these aspects are of high importance for medicine and pharmacology, including the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aleshin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Mkrtchyan
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V I Bunik
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
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Wei T, Wang F, Zhang Z, Qiang J, Lv J, Chen T, Li J, Chen X. Recent Progress in the Development of Fluorometric Chemosensors to Detect Enzymatic Activity. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3923-3957. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180214105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are a class of macromolecules that function as highly efficient and specific
biological catalysts requiring only mild reaction conditions. Enzymes are essential to
maintaining life activities, including promoting metabolism and homeostasis, and participating
in a variety of physiological functions. Accordingly, enzymatic levels and activity are
closely related to the health of the organism, where enzymatic dysfunctions often lead to corresponding
diseases in the host. Due to this, diagnosis of certain diseases is based on the levels
and activity of certain enzymes. Therefore, rapid real-time and accurate detection of enzymes
in situ are important for diagnosis, monitoring, clinical treatment and pathological
studies of disease. Fluorescent probes have unique advantages in terms of detecting enzymes,
including being simple to use in highly sensitive and selective real-time rapid in-situ noninvasive
and highly spatial resolution visual imaging. However, fluorescent probes are most
commonly used to detect oxidoreductases, transferases and hydrolases due to the processes
and types of enzyme reactions. This paper summarizes the application of fluorescent probes to
detect these three types of enzymes over the past five years. In addition, we introduce the
mechanisms underlying detection of these enzymes by their corresponding probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Wei
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiang Qiang
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Lv
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Bunik VI. Redox-Driven Signaling: 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes as Sensors and Transmitters of Metabolic Imbalance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1911-1947. [PMID: 30187773 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This article develops a holistic view on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Recent Advances: Catalytic and structural properties of the complexes and their components evolved to minimize damaging effects of side reactions, including ROS generation, simultaneously exploiting the reactions for homeostatic signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES Side reactions of the complexes, characterized in vitro, are analyzed in view of protein interactions and conditions in vivo. Quantitative data support prevalence of the forward 2-oxo acid oxidation over the backward NADH oxidation in feeding physiologically significant ROS production by the complexes. Special focus on interactions between the active sites within 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes highlights the central relevance of the complex-bound thiyl radicals in regulation of and signaling by complex-generated ROS. The thiyl radicals arise when dihydrolipoyl residues of the complexes regenerate FADH2 from the flavin semiquinone coproduced with superoxide anion radical in 1e- oxidation of FADH2 by molecular oxygen. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interaction of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes with thioredoxins (TRXs), peroxiredoxins, and glutaredoxins mediates scavenging of the thiyl radicals and ROS generated by the complexes, underlying signaling of disproportional availability of 2-oxo acids, CoA, and NAD+ in key metabolic branch points through thiol/disulfide exchange and medically important hypoxia-inducible factor, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and sirtuins. High reactivity of the coproduced ROS and thiyl radicals to iron/sulfur clusters and nitric oxide, peroxynitrite reductase activity of peroxiredoxins and transnitrosylating function of thioredoxin, implicate the side reactions of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes in nitric oxide-dependent signaling and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- 1 Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,2 Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Human 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase and 2-Oxoadipate Dehydrogenase Both Generate Superoxide/H 2O 2 in a Side Reaction and Each Could Contribute to Oxidative Stress in Mitochondria. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2325-2335. [PMID: 30847859 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
According to recent findings, the human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hOGDHc) could be an important source of the reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria and could contribute to mitochondrial abnormalities associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington disease, and Parkinson's disease. The human 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (hE1a) is a novel protein, which is encoded by the DHTKD1 gene. Both missence and nonsense mutations were identified in the DHTKD1 that lead to alpha-aminoadipic and alpha-oxoadipic aciduria, a metabolic disorder with a wide variety of the neurological abnormalities, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2Q, an inherited neurological disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. Recently, the rare pathogenic mutations in DHTKD1 and an increased H2O2 production were linked to the genetic ethiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), a chronic allergic inflammatory esophageal disorder. In view of the importance of hOGDHc in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and hE1a on the L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine and L-tryptophan degradation pathway in mitochondria, and to enhance our current understanding of the mechanism of superoxide/H2O2 generation by hOGDHc, and by human 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (hOADHc), this review focuses on several novel and unanticipated recent findings in vitro that emerged from the Jordan group's research. Most significantly, the hE1o and hE1a now join the hE3 as being able to generate the superoxide/H2O2 in mitochondria.
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Jiménez-Andreu MM, Lucía Quintana A, Aínsa JA, Sayago FJ, Cativiela C. Synthesis and biological activity of dehydrophos derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1097-1112. [PMID: 30633297 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of dehydrophos derivatives featuring modified peptide chains, characterized by the presence of substituents in the vinyl moiety, or possessing a phosphonic acid monoalkyl ester other than the monomethyl ester one, has been accomplished by a versatile procedure based on Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination with suitable aldehydes and on the selective hydrolysis of the dialkyl phosphonate group. Such derivatives have been tested against a series of bacterial strains, using the naturally occurring peptide, dehydrophos, for comparison. Thus, the effects of the aforementioned structural variations on antimicrobial activity have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mercedes Jiménez-Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea ISQCH, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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Moraes JO, Rodrigues SDC, Pereira LM, Medeiros RDCN, de Cordova CAS, de Cordova FM. Amprolium exposure alters mice behavior and metabolism in vivo. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:272-281. [PMID: 30891577 PMCID: PMC6388078 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine deficiency (TD) models have been developed, mainly using the thiamine analog pyrithiamine. Other analogs have not been used in rodents. We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of intraperitoneal (ip) amprolium-induced TD in mice. We also evaluated the associated pathogenesis using antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds (Trolox, dimethyl sulfoxide). METHODS Male mice were separated into two groups, one receiving a standard diet (control animals), and the other a TD diet (deficient groups) for 20 days. Control mice were further subdivided into three groups receiving daily ip injections of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Cont group), Tolox (Tr group) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Dmso group). The three TD groups received amprolium (Amp group), amprolium and Trolox (Amp+Tr group), or amprolium and DMSO (Amp+Dmso group). The animals were subjected to behavioral tests and then euthanized. The brain and viscera were analyzed. RESULTS Amprolium exposure induced weight loss with hyporexia, reduced the behavioral parameters (locomotion, exploratory activity, and motor coordination), and induced changes in the brain (lower cortical cell viability) and liver (steatosis). Trolox co-treatment partially improved these conditions, but to a lesser extent than DMSO. CONCLUSIONS Amprolium-induced TD may be an interesting model, allowing the deficiency to develop more slowly and to a lesser extent. Amprolium exposure also seems to involve oxidative stress and inflammation, suggested as the main mechanisms of cell dysfunction in TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiano Mendes de Cordova
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública nos TrópicosUniversidade Federal do TocantinsAraguaínaTOBrazil
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Huang W, Qin J, Liu D, Wang Y, Shen X, Yang N, Zhou H, Cai XT, Wang ZL, Yu D, Luo R, Sun Q, Xie YM, Jia D. Reduced thiamine binding is a novel mechanism for TPK deficiency disorder. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:409-416. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hsu N, Wang Y, Lin K, Chang C, Ke S, Lyu S, Hsu L, Li Y, Chen S, Wang K, Li T. Evidence of Diradicals Involved in the Yeast Transketolase Catalyzed Keto-Transferring Reactions. Chembiochem 2018; 19:2395-2402. [PMID: 30155962 PMCID: PMC6282555 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Transketolase (TK) catalyzes a reversible transfer of a two-carbon (C2 ) unit between phosphoketose donors and phosphoaldose acceptors, for which the group-transfer reaction that follows a one- or two-electron mechanism and the force that breaks the C2"-C3" bond of the ketose donors remain unresolved. Herein, we report ultrahigh-resolution crystal structures of a TK (TKps) from Pichia stipitis in previously undiscovered intermediate states and support a diradical mechanism for a reversible group-transfer reaction. In conjunction with MS, NMR spectroscopy, EPR and computational analyses, it is concluded that the enzyme-catalyzed non-Kekulé diradical cofactor brings about the C2"-C3" bond cleavage/formation for the C2 -unit transfer reaction, for which suppression of activation energy and activation and destabilization of enzymatic intermediates are facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning‐Shian Hsu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei112Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Lin Wang
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Kuan‐Hung Lin
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNational Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei112Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Fon Chang
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Shyue‐Chu Ke
- Department of PhysicsNational Dong Hwa UniversityHualien974Taiwan
| | - Syue‐Yi Lyu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Li‐Jen Hsu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Shan Li
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
| | | | | | - Tsung‐Lin Li
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei115Taiwan
- Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung City402Taiwan
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Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. T. gondii can replicate in every nucleated host cell by orchestrating metabolic interactions to derive crucial nutrients. In this review, we summarize the current status of known metabolic interactions of T. gondii with its host cell and discuss open questions and promising experimental approaches that will allow further dissection of the host-parasite interface and discovery of ways to efficiently target both tachyzoite and bradyzoite forms of T. gondii, which are associated with acute and chronic infection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blume
- NG2 - Metabolism of Microbial Pathogens, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Seeber
- FG16 - Mycotic and Parasitic Agents and Mycobacteria, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Siemieniuk M, Sosnowska K, Czerniecki J, Czyzewska U, Winnicka K, Tylicki A. Oxythiamine improves antifungal activity of ketoconazole evaluated in canineMalassezia pachydermatisstrains. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:476-e160. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Siemieniuk
- Department of Cytobiochemistry; Institute of Biology; University of Bialystok; Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15?245 Bialystok Poland
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture; Institute of Biology; University of Bialystok; Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15?245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Medical University of Bialystok; Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok Poland
| | - Jan Czerniecki
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn Poland
| | - Urszula Czyzewska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry; Institute of Biology; University of Bialystok; Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15?245 Bialystok Poland
- Laboratory of Tissue Culture; Institute of Biology; University of Bialystok; Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15?245 Bialystok Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Medical University of Bialystok; Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Bialystok Poland
| | - Adam Tylicki
- Department of Cytobiochemistry; Institute of Biology; University of Bialystok; Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15?245 Bialystok Poland
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