1
|
Lin HP, Singla B, Ahn W, Ghoshal P, Blahove M, Cherian-Shaw M, Chen A, Haller A, Hui DY, Dong K, Zhou J, White J, Stranahan AM, Jasztal A, Lucas R, Stansfield BK, Fulton D, Chlopicki S, Csányi G. Receptor-independent fluid-phase macropinocytosis promotes arterial foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eadd2376. [PMID: 36130017 PMCID: PMC9645012 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells in the arterial wall plays a central role in atherosclerotic lesion development, plaque progression, and late-stage complications of atherosclerosis. However, there are still fundamental gaps in our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms leading to foam cell formation in atherosclerotic arteries. Here, we investigated the role of receptor-independent macropinocytosis in arterial lipid accumulation and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Genetic inhibition of fluid-phase macropinocytosis in myeloid cells (LysMCre+ Nhe1fl/fl) and repurposing of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug that inhibits macrophage macropinocytosis substantially decreased atherosclerotic lesion development in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient and Apoe-/- mice. Stimulation of macropinocytosis using genetic (H-RASG12V) and physiologically relevant approaches promoted internalization of unmodified native (nLDL) and modified [e.g., acetylated (ac) and oxidized (ox) LDL] lipoproteins in both wild-type and scavenger receptor (SR) knockout (Cd36-/-/Sra-/-) macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of macropinocytosis in hypercholesterolemic wild-type and Cd36-/-/Sra-/- mice identified an important role of macropinocytosis in LDL uptake by lesional macrophages and development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, serial section high-resolution imaging, LDL immunolabeling, and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of subendothelial foam cells provide visual evidence of lipid macropinocytosis in both human and murine atherosclerotic arteries. Our findings complement the SR paradigm of atherosclerosis and identify a therapeutic strategy to counter the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - WonMo Ahn
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Maria Blahove
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Alex Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - April Haller
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - David Y. Hui
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Joseph White
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Alexis M. Stranahan
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Brian K. Stansfield
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xue R, Yang D, Han Y, Deng Q, Wang X, Liu X, Zhao J. 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3ε are involved in innate immune responses in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104176. [PMID: 34153282 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins play important roles in various cellular processes by binding to different ligands, but little is known about these proteins in mollusks. In this study, two 14-3-3 cDNAs were identified from the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai (designated 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3ε), possessing 59.40% identity with each other. Both genes were predominantly expressed in the gills of unchallenged abalones, and their mRNA signals could also be detected in several other tissues, including the mantle, hepatopancreas and ovary. However, after Vibrio harveyi challenge, hemocytes were induced significantly (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, phagocytosis was inhibited, but apoptosis, reactive oxygen species formation, and caspase 3 expression were significantly induced (p < 0.01), and they were all suppressed with 14-3-3ζ knockdown (p < 0.01). The differences were that silencing 14-3-3ε reverted the decline in the phagocytic rate derived from bacterial infection, while ROS formation was not influenced significantly. In addition, the expression levels of several antimicrobial peptide and proinflammatory cytokine genes were also decreased with the silencing of 14-3-3 genes. However, with the knockdown of 14-3-3ζ, the expression of 14-3-3ε was further significantly increased (p < 0.01), and vice versa. Overall, our results suggested that 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3ε should play important roles in innate immunity against V. harveyi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Shandong, 266071, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Shandong, 266071, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| | - Yijing Han
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai Shandong, 264117, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qinyou Deng
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai Shandong, 264117, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiangquan Liu
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai Shandong, 264117, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao Shandong, 266071, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saha S, Hazra A, Ghatak D, Singh AV, Roy S, BoseDasgupta S. A Bumpy Ride of Mycobacterial Phagosome Maturation: Roleplay of Coronin1 Through Cofilin1 and cAMP. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687044. [PMID: 34630380 PMCID: PMC8495260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagosome-lysosome fusion in innate immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils marshal an essential role in eliminating intracellular microorganisms. In microbe-challenged macrophages, phagosome-lysosome fusion occurs 4 to 6 h after the phagocytic uptake of the microbe. However, live pathogenic mycobacteria hinder the transfer of phagosomes to lysosomes, up to 20 h post-phagocytic uptake. This period is required to evade pro-inflammatory response and upregulate the acid-stress tolerant proteins. The exact sequence of events through which mycobacteria retards phagolysosome formation remains an enigma. The macrophage coat protein Coronin1(Cor1) is recruited and retained by mycobacteria on the phagosome membrane to retard its maturation by hindering the access of phagosome maturation factors. Mycobacteria-infected macrophages exhibit an increased cAMP level, and based on receptor stimulus, Cor1 expressing cells show a higher level of cAMP than non-Cor1 expressing cells. Here we have shown that infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages with H37Rv causes a Cor1 dependent rise of intracellular cAMP levels at the vicinity of the phagosomes. This increased cAMP fuels cytoskeletal protein Cofilin1 to depolymerize F-actin around the mycobacteria-containing phagosome. Owing to reduced F-actin levels, the movement of the phagosome toward the lysosomes is hindered, thus contributing to the retarded phagosome maturation process. Additionally, Cor1 mediated upregulation of Cofilin1 also contributes to the prevention of phagosomal acidification, which further aids in the retardation of phagosome maturation. Overall, our study provides first-hand information on Cor1 mediated retardation of phagosome maturation, which can be utilized in developing novel peptidomimetics as part of host-directed therapeutics against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saradindu Saha
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Arnab Hazra
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Debika Ghatak
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ajay Vir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Sadhana Roy
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Somdeb BoseDasgupta
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bamburg JR, Minamide LS, Wiggan O, Tahtamouni LH, Kuhn TB. Cofilin and Actin Dynamics: Multiple Modes of Regulation and Their Impacts in Neuronal Development and Degeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102726. [PMID: 34685706 PMCID: PMC8534876 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family are ubiquitous among eukaryotes and are essential regulators of actin dynamics and function. Mammalian neurons express cofilin-1 as the major isoform, but ADF and cofilin-2 are also expressed. All isoforms bind preferentially and cooperatively along ADP-subunits in F-actin, affecting the filament helical rotation, and when either alone or when enhanced by other proteins, promotes filament severing and subunit turnover. Although self-regulating cofilin-mediated actin dynamics can drive motility without post-translational regulation, cells utilize many mechanisms to locally control cofilin, including cooperation/competition with other proteins. Newly identified post-translational modifications function with or are independent from the well-established phosphorylation of serine 3 and provide unexplored avenues for isoform specific regulation. Cofilin modulates actin transport and function in the nucleus as well as actin organization associated with mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Under neuronal stress conditions, cofilin-saturated F-actin fragments can undergo oxidative cross-linking and bundle together to form cofilin-actin rods. Rods form in abundance within neurons around brain ischemic lesions and can be rapidly induced in neurites of most hippocampal and cortical neurons through energy depletion or glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. In ~20% of rodent hippocampal neurons, rods form more slowly in a receptor-mediated process triggered by factors intimately connected to disease-related dementias, e.g., amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease. This rod-inducing pathway requires a cellular prion protein, NADPH oxidase, and G-protein coupled receptors, e.g., CXCR4 and CCR5. Here, we will review many aspects of cofilin regulation and its contribution to synaptic loss and pathology of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-988-9120; Fax: +1-970-491-0494
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - O’Neil Wiggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
| | - Lubna H. Tahtamouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (L.S.M.); (O.W.); (L.H.T.); (T.B.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oladimeji O, Akinyelu J, Singh M. Nanomedicines for Subcellular Targeting: The Mitochondrial Perspective. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5480-5509. [PMID: 31763965 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191125092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, there has been a surge in the number of mitochondrialactive therapeutics for conditions ranging from cancer to aging. Subcellular targeting interventions can modulate adverse intracellular processes unique to the compartments within the cell. However, there is a dearth of reviews focusing on mitochondrial nano-delivery, and this review seeks to fill this gap with regards to nanotherapeutics of the mitochondria. METHODS Besides its potential for a higher therapeutic index than targeting at the tissue and cell levels, subcellular targeting takes into account the limitations of systemic drug administration and significantly improves pharmacokinetics. Hence, an extensive literature review was undertaken and salient information was compiled in this review. RESULTS From literature, it was evident that nanoparticles with their tunable physicochemical properties have shown potential for efficient therapeutic delivery, with several nanomedicines already approved by the FDA and others in clinical trials. However, strategies for the development of nanomedicines for subcellular targeting are still emerging, with an increased understanding of dysfunctional molecular processes advancing the development of treatment modules. For optimal delivery, the design of an ideal carrier for subcellular delivery must consider the features of the diseased microenvironment. The functional and structural features of the mitochondria in the diseased state are highlighted and potential nano-delivery interventions for treatment and diagnosis are discussed. CONCLUSION This review provides an insight into recent advances in subcellular targeting, with a focus on en route barriers to subcellular targeting. The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aetiology of certain diseases is highlighted, and potential therapeutic sites are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle Oladimeji
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jude Akinyelu
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saha S, Das P, BoseDasgupta S. "It Takes Two to Tango": Role of Neglected Macrophage Manipulators Coronin 1 and Protein Kinase G in Mycobacterial Pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:582563. [PMID: 33194820 PMCID: PMC7606305 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.582563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages being the connecting link between innate and adaptive immune system plays a crucial role in microbial antigen presentation and orchestrates the subsequent clearance of microorganisms. Microbial invasion of macrophages trigger a plethora of signaling cascades, which interact among them to generate a dynamically altered hostile environment, that ultimately leads to disruption of microbial pathogenesis. Paradoxically, Mycobacterium sp. exploits macrophage proteins such as Coronin 1, Calcineurin, LRG47, SOCS1, CISH, Gbp5 etc. and secretes virulence proteins such as PknG, PtpA, SapM, Eis etc. to hijack these intra-macrophage, signaling cascades and thereby develop its own niche. Coronin 1, being a cortical protein is transiently recruited to all mycobacteria containing phagosomes, but only pathogenic mycobacteria can retain it on the phagosome, to hinder its maturation. Additionally, mycobacterial infection linked secretion of virulence factor Protein Kinase G through its phosphorylation, manipulates several macrophage signaling pathways and thus promotes pathogenesis at various stages, form early infection to latency to granuloma formation. Here we discuss the present status of mycobacteria engaged Coronin 1-dependent signaling cascades and secreted PknG related sequence of events promoting mycobacterial pathogenesis. Current knowledge about these two proteins in context of macrophage signaling manipulation encompassing diverse mechanisms like calcium-calcineurin signaling, reduced proinflamtory cytokine secretion, cytoskeletal changes, and adaptation in acidic environment, which ultimately converge toward mycobacterial survival inside the macrophages has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saradindu Saha
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Payel Das
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Somdeb BoseDasgupta
- Molecular Immunology and Cellular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wall AA, Condon ND, Luo L, Stow JL. Rab8a localisation and activation by Toll-like receptors on macrophage macropinosomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180151. [PMID: 30966999 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is a prevalent and essential pathway in macrophages where it contributes to anti-microbial responses and innate immune cell functions. Cell surface ruffles give rise to phagosomes and to macropinosomes as multi-functional compartments that contribute to environmental sampling, pathogen entry, plasma membrane turnover and receptor signalling. Rapid, high resolution, lattice light sheet imaging demonstrates the dynamic nature of macrophage ruffling. Pathogen-mediated activation of surface and endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in macrophages upregulates macropinocytosis. Here, using multiple forms of imaging and microscopy, we track membrane-associated, fluorescently-tagged Rab8a expressed in live macrophages, using a variety of cell markers to demonstrate Rab8a localization and its enrichment on early macropinosomes. Production of a novel biosensor and its use for quantitative FRET analysis in live cells, pinpoints macropinosomes as the site for TLR-induced activation of Rab8a. We have previously shown that TLR signalling, cytokine outputs and macrophage programming are regulated by the GTPase Rab8a with PI3 Kγ as its effector. Finally, we highlight another effector, the phosphatase OCRL, which is located on macropinosomes and interacts with Rab8a, suggesting that Rab8a may operate on multiple levels to modulate phosphoinositides in macropinosomes. These findings extend our understanding of macropinosomes as regulatory compartments for innate immune function in macrophages. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Macropinocytosis'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Wall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
BoseDasgupta S, Pieters J. Macrophage-microbe interaction: lessons learned from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:577-591. [PMID: 30306257 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, being the cornerstone of the immune system, have adapted the ancient nutrient acquisition mechanism of phagocytosis to engulf various infectious organisms thereby helping to orchestrate an appropriate host response. Phagocytosis refers to the process of internalization and degradation of particulate material, damaged and senescent cells and microorganisms by specialized cells, after which the vesicle containing the ingested particle, the phagosome, matures into acidic phagolysosomes upon fusion with hydrolytic enzyme-containing lysosomes. The destructive power of the macrophage is further exacerbated through the induction of macrophage activation upon a variety of inflammatory stimuli. Despite being the end-point for many phagocytosed microbes, the macrophage can also serve as an intracellular survival niche for a number of intracellular microorganisms. One microbe that is particularly successful at surviving within macrophages is the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can efficiently manipulate the macrophage at several levels, including modulation of the phagocytic pathway as well as interfering with a number of immune activation pathways that normally would lead to eradication of the internalized bacilli. M. tuberculosis excels at circumventing destruction within macrophages, thus establishing itself successfully for prolonged times within the macrophage. In this contribution, we describe a number of general features of macrophages in the context of their function to clear an infection, and highlight the strategies employed by M. tuberculosis to counter macrophage attack. Interestingly, research on the evasion tactics employed by M. tuberculosis within macrophages not only helps to design strategies to curb tuberculosis, but also allows a better understanding of host cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somdeb BoseDasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Jean Pieters
- Department of Biochemistry, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 50-70 Klingelbergstrasse, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singla B, Lin HP, Ghoshal P, Cherian-Shaw M, Csányi G. PKCδ stimulates macropinocytosis via activation of SSH1-cofilin pathway. Cell Signal 2018; 53:111-121. [PMID: 30261270 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an actin-dependent endocytic mechanism mediating internalization of extracellular fluid and associated solutes into cells. The present study was designed to identify the specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoform(s) and downstream effectors regulating actin dynamics during macropinocytosis. We utilized various cellular and molecular biology techniques, pharmacological inhibitors and genetically modified mice to study the signaling mechanisms mediating macropinocytosis in macrophages. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the predominant PKC isoform in macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry analysis of FITC-dextran internalization demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced macropinocytosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that phorbol ester and HGF stimulate activation of slingshot phosphatase homolog 1 (SSH1) and induce cofilin Ser-3 dephosphorylation via PKCδ in macrophages. Silencing of SSH1 inhibited cofilin dephosphorylation and macropinocytosis stimulation. Interestingly, we also found that incubation of macrophages with BMS-5, a potent inhibitor of LIM kinase, does not stimulate macropinocytosis. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrate a previously unidentified mechanism by which PKCδ via activation of SSH1 and cofilin dephosphorylation stimulates membrane ruffle formation and macropinocytosis. The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms during macrophage macropinocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hui-Ping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mori M, Pieters J. Getting in and Staying Alive: Role for Coronin 1 in the Survival of Pathogenic Mycobacteria and Naïve T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1592. [PMID: 30042765 PMCID: PMC6049072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many different pathogenic stimuli that are able to activate the immune system, ranging from microbes that include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites to host-derived triggers such as autoantigens that can induce autoimmunity as well as neoantigens involved in tumorigenesis. One of the key interactions shaping immunity toward these triggers involves the encounter of antigen-processing and -presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells with T cells, resulting in immune responses that are highly selective for the antigenic trigger. Research over the past few years has implicated members of the coronin protein family, in particular coronin 1, in responses against several pathogenic triggers. While coronin 1 was initially described as a host factor allowing the intracellular survival of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, subsequent work showed it to be a crucial factor for naïve T cell homeostasis. The activity of coronin 1 in allowing the intracellular survival of pathogenic mycobacteria is relatively well characterized, involving the activation of the Ca2+/calcineurin pathway, while coronin 1’s role in modulating naïve T cell homeostasis remains more enigmatic. In this mini review, we discuss the knowledge on the role for coronin 1 in immune cell functioning and provide a number of potential scenarios via which coronin 1 may be able to regulate naïve T cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Mori
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean Pieters
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Seong JH, Jo YH, Seo GW, Park S, Park KB, Cho JH, Ko HJ, Kim CE, Patnaik BB, Jun SA, Choi YS, Kim YW, Bang IS, Lee YS, Han YS. Molecular Cloning and Effects of Tm14-3-3ζ-Silencing on Larval Survivability Against E. coli and C. albicans in Tenebrio molitor. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E330. [PMID: 29966317 PMCID: PMC6070784 DOI: 10.3390/genes9070330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family of proteins performs key regulatory functions in phosphorylation-dependent signaling pathways including cell survival and proliferation, apoptosis, regulation of chromatin structure and autophagy. In this study, the zeta isoform of 14-3-3 proteins (designated as Tm14-3-3ζ) was identified from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) database of the coleopteran pest, Tenebrio molitor. Tm14-3-3ζ messenger RNA (mRNA) is expressed at higher levels in the immune organs of the larval and adult stages of the insect and exhibit almost five-fold induction within 3 h post-infection of the larvae with Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. To investigate the biological function of Tm14-3-3ζ, a peptide-based Tm14-3-3ζ polyclonal antibody was generated in rabbit and the specificity was confirmed using Western blot analysis. Immunostaining and confocal microscopic analyses indicate that Tm14-3-3ζ is mainly expressed in the membranes of midgut epithelial cells, the nuclei of fat body and the cytosol of hemocytes. Gene silencing of Tm14-3-3ζ increases mortality of the larvae at 7 days post-infection with E. coli and C. albicans. Our findings demonstrate that 14-3-3ζ in T. molitor is essential in the host defense mechanisms against bacteria and fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Seong
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Gi Won Seo
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Soyi Park
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Ki Beom Park
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Jun Ho Cho
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Ko
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Chang Eun Kim
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- School of Biotech Sciences, Trident Academy of Creative Technology (TACT), Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Sung Ah Jun
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Department of Hotel Food Service and Culinary Arts, Seowon University, Cheongju, 28674, Korea.
| | - Young Wook Kim
- Korean Edible Insect Laboratory, Joong-gu, Shindang-dong, Seoul, 04598, Korea.
| | - In Seok Bang
- Department of Biological Science, Hoseo University, Asan, 31499, Korea.
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea.
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Singla B, Ghoshal P, Lin H, Wei Q, Dong Z, Csányi G. PKCδ-Mediated Nox2 Activation Promotes Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis of Antigens by Immature Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 29632528 PMCID: PMC5879126 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Macropinocytosis is a major endocytic pathway by which dendritic cells (DCs) internalize antigens in the periphery. Despite the importance of DCs in the initiation and control of adaptive immune responses, the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis of antigens remain largely unknown. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in stimulation of DC macropinocytosis and, if so, to identify the specific PKC isoform(s) and downstream signaling mechanisms involved. Methods Various cellular, molecular and immunological techniques, pharmacological approaches and genetic knockout mice were utilized to investigate the signaling mechanisms mediating DC macropinocytosis. Results Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that DCs internalize fluorescent antigens (ovalbumin) using macropinocytosis. Pharmacological blockade of classical and novel PKC isoforms using calphostin C abolished both phorbol ester- and hepatocyte growth factor-induced antigen macropinocytosis in DCs. The qRT-PCR experiments identified PKCδ as the dominant PKC isoform in DCs. Genetic studies demonstrated the functional role of PKCδ in DC macropinocytosis of antigens, their subsequent maturation, and secretion of various T-cell stimulatory cytokines, including IL-1α, TNF-α and IFN-β. Additional mechanistic studies identified NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and intracellular superoxide anion as important players in DC macropinocytosis of antigens downstream of PKCδ activation. Conclusion The findings of the present study demonstrate a novel mechanism by which PKCδ activation via stimulation of Nox2 activity and downstream redox signaling promotes DC macropinocytosis of antigens. PKCδ/Nox2-mediated antigen macropinocytosis stimulates maturation of DCs and secretion of T-cell stimulatory cytokines. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms in DC macropinocytosis and downstream regulation of T-cell-mediated responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Huiping Lin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Qingqing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Actin-binding protein coronin 1A controls osteoclastic bone resorption by regulating lysosomal secretion of cathepsin K. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41710. [PMID: 28300073 PMCID: PMC5353622 DOI: 10.1038/srep41710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix proteins via the secretion of lysosomal enzymes. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal components are transported and fused to the bone-apposed plasma membrane, termed ruffled border membrane, remain elusive. Here, we identified coronin 1A as a negative regulator of exocytotic release of cathepsin K, one of the most important bone-degrading enzymes in osteoclasts. The modulation of coronin 1A expression did not alter osteoclast differentiation and extracellular acidification, but strongly affected the secretion of cathepsin K and osteoclast bone-resorption activity, suggesting the coronin 1A-mediated regulation of lysosomal trafficking and protease exocytosis. Further analyses suggested that coronin 1A prevented the lipidation-mediated sorting of the autophagy-related protein LC3 to the ruffled border and attenuated lysosome-plasma membrane fusion. In this process, the interactions between coronin 1A and actin were crucial. Collectively, our findings indicate that coronin 1A is a pivotal component that regulates lysosomal fusion and the secretion pathway in osteoclast-lineage cells and may provide a novel therapeutic target for bone diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Martorella M, Barford K, Winkler B, Deppmann CD. Emergent Role of Coronin-1a in Neuronal Signaling. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:113-131. [PMID: 28215292 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Coronin family of proteins were first noted for their role in pathogen-host interactions and for modulating actin dynamics. Recently, however, Coronins have been found in a greater variety of cell types, and novel roles for the Coronins within the nervous system have been discovered. In the immune system, Coronin-1a enables Mycobacterium tuberculosis to evade lysosomal destruction. This activity appears to be analogous to protection of the NGF-TrkA signaling endosome during sympathetic nervous system development that is required for survival signaling. Similarly, others have implicated Coronin-1a in GPCR signaling during the formation of excitatory connections in the central nervous system. Its role in multiple signaling pathways suggests that it may influence cross talk between key pathways (TrkA, GPCRs) during neurodevelopment. Here, we review the role of Coronin-1a in neural development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Martorella
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - K Barford
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - B Winkler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - C D Deppmann
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ha KD, Bidlingmaier SM, Liu B. Macropinocytosis Exploitation by Cancers and Cancer Therapeutics. Front Physiol 2016; 7:381. [PMID: 27672367 PMCID: PMC5018483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has long been known as a primary method for cellular intake of fluid-phase and membrane-bound bulk cargo. This review seeks to re-examine the latest studies to emphasize how cancers exploit macropinocytosis to further their tumorigenesis, including details in how macropinocytosis can be adapted to serve diverse functions. Furthermore, this review will also cover the latest endeavors in targeting macropinocytosis as an avenue for novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Ha
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Development and characterization of a pseudo multiple reaction monitoring method for the quantification of human uromodulin in urine. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:1279-96. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uromodulin is the most abundant protein in healthy human urine. Recently it has been suggested as a specific biomarker of renal tubular damage. We have developed a novel pseudo multiple reaction monitoring (pseudo MRM) for the protein's quantification in human urine. Results: Selection of two peptides allowed quantification of uromodulin in human urine. The pseudo MRM quantified uromodulin in healthy individuals between 21 and 1344 nM and in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease-UMOD patients between 2 and 25 nM. Conclusion: The pseudo MRM allows greater confidence in assay specificity than traditional MRM methods and quantified uromodulin at concentrations higher than achievable by ELISA. Differences in urinary uromodulin concentration related to the rs4293393 promoter variant in the UMOD gene was confirmed. This method will be used to further investigate uromodulin as a biomarker of renal injury.
Collapse
|
17
|
Heterogeneity of white adipose tissue: molecular basis and clinical implications. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e215. [PMID: 26964831 PMCID: PMC4892883 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly heterogeneous endocrine organ. The heterogeneity among different anatomical depots stems from their intrinsic differences in cellular and physiological properties, including developmental origin, adipogenic and proliferative capacity, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, hormonal control, thermogenic ability and vascularization. Additional factors that influence adipose tissue heterogeneity are genetic predisposition, environment, gender and age. Under obese condition, these depot-specific differences translate into specific fat distribution patterns, which are closely associated with differential cardiometabolic risks. For instance, individuals with central obesity are more susceptible to developing diabetes and cardiovascular complications, whereas those with peripheral obesity are more metabolically healthy. This review summarizes the clinical and mechanistic evidence for the depot-specific differences that give rise to different metabolic consequences, and provides therapeutic insights for targeted treatment of obesity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Jayachandran R, Pieters J. Regulation of immune cell homeostasis and function by coronin 1. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:825-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
19
|
Liu QN, Bian DD, Ge BM, Zhou CL, Tang BP. Molecular characterization of a 14-3-3 zeta gene from Plodia interpunctella: A potential marker for phylogenetic inference. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|