1
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Proksch J, Dal Colle MCS, Heinz F, Schmidt RF, Gottwald J, Delbianco M, Keller BG, Gradzielski M, Alexiev U, Koksch B. Impact of glycan nature on structure and viscoelastic properties of glycopeptide hydrogels. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3599. [PMID: 38567550 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex biological hydrogel that acts as a barrier for almost everything entering or exiting the body. It is therefore of emerging interest for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Besides water, the most abundant components are the large and densely glycosylated mucins, glycoproteins of up to 20 MDa and carbohydrate content of up to 80 wt%. Here, we designed and explored a library of glycosylated peptides to deconstruct the complexity of mucus. Using the well-characterized hFF03 coiled-coil system as a hydrogel-forming peptide scaffold, we systematically probed the contribution of single glycans to the secondary structure as well as the formation and viscoelastic properties of the resulting hydrogels. We show that glycan-decoration does not affect α-helix and coiled-coil formation while it alters gel stiffness. By using oscillatory macrorheology, dynamic light scattering microrheology, and fluorescence lifetime-based nanorheology, we characterized the glycopeptide materials over several length scales. Molecular simulations revealed that the glycosylated linker may extend into the solvent, but more frequently interacts with the peptide, thereby likely modifying the stability of the self-assembled fibers. This systematic study highlights the interplay between glycan structure and hydrogel properties and may guide the development of synthetic mucus mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Proksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marlene C S Dal Colle
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frederick Heinz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert F Schmidt
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bettina G Keller
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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González A, Fullaondo A, Odriozola A. Microbiota-associated mechanisms in colorectal cancer. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 112:123-205. [PMID: 39396836 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, ranking third in terms of incidence and second as a cause of cancer-related death. There is growing scientific evidence that the gut microbiota plays a key role in the initiation and development of CRC. Specific bacterial species and complex microbial communities contribute directly to CRC pathogenesis by promoting the neoplastic transformation of intestinal epithelial cells or indirectly through their interaction with the host immune system. As a result, a protumoural and immunosuppressive environment is created conducive to CRC development. On the other hand, certain bacteria in the gut microbiota contribute to protection against CRC. In this chapter, we analysed the relationship of the gut microbiota to CRC and the associations identified with specific bacteria. Microbiota plays a key role in CRC through various mechanisms, such as increased intestinal permeability, inflammation and immune system dysregulation, biofilm formation, genotoxin production, virulence factors and oxidative stress. Exploring the interaction between gut microbiota and tumourigenesis is essential for developing innovative therapeutic approaches in the fight against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana González
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Asier Fullaondo
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Adrian Odriozola
- Hologenomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain
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3
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Wilde J, Slack E, Foster KR. Host control of the microbiome: Mechanisms, evolution, and disease. Science 2024; 385:eadi3338. [PMID: 39024451 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased focus on how hosts affect their microbiomes. Hosts exert control over their symbionts through diverse mechanisms, including immunity, barrier function, physiological homeostasis, and transit. These mechanisms enable hosts to shape the ecology and evolution of microbiomes and generate natural selection for microbial traits that benefit the host. Our microbiomes result from a perpetual tension between host control and symbiont evolution, and we can leverage the host's evolved abilities to regulate the microbiota to prevent and treat disease. The study of host control will be central to our ability to both understand and manipulate microbiotas for better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Wilde
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Basel Institute for Child Health, Basel, Switzerland
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin R Foster
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Dmytriv TR, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1380713. [PMID: 39040079 PMCID: PMC11260943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1380713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal wall is a selectively permeable barrier between the content of the intestinal lumen and the internal environment of the body. Disturbances of intestinal wall permeability can potentially lead to unwanted activation of the enteric immune system due to excessive contact with gut microbiota and its components, and the development of endotoxemia, when the level of bacterial lipopolysaccharides increases in the blood, causing chronic low-intensity inflammation. In this review, the following aspects are covered: the structure of the intestinal wall barrier; the influence of the gut microbiota on the permeability of the intestinal wall via the regulation of functioning of tight junction proteins, synthesis/degradation of mucus and antioxidant effects; the molecular mechanisms of activation of the pro-inflammatory response caused by bacterial invasion through the TLR4-induced TIRAP/MyD88 and TRAM/TRIF signaling cascades; the influence of nutrition on intestinal permeability, and the influence of exercise with an emphasis on exercise-induced heat stress and hypoxia. Overall, this review provides some insight into how to prevent excessive intestinal barrier permeability and the associated inflammatory processes involved in many if not most pathologies. Some diets and physical exercise are supposed to be non-pharmacological approaches to maintain the integrity of intestinal barrier function and provide its efficient operation. However, at an early age, the increased intestinal permeability has a hormetic effect and contributes to the development of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana R. Dmytriv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | | | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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5
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Klimek A, Mondal D, Block S, Sharma P, Netz RR. Data-driven classification of individual cells by their non-Markovian motion. Biophys J 2024; 123:1173-1183. [PMID: 38515300 PMCID: PMC11140416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a method to differentiate organisms solely by their motion based on the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) and use it to distinguish two different swimming modes of strongly confined unicellular microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The GLE is a general model for active or passive motion of organisms and particles that can be derived from a time-dependent general many-body Hamiltonian and in particular includes non-Markovian effects (i.e., the trajectory memory of its past). We extract all GLE parameters from individual cell trajectories and perform an unbiased cluster analysis to group them into different classes. For the specific cell population employed in the experiments, the GLE-based assignment into the two different swimming modes works perfectly, as checked by control experiments. The classification and sorting of single cells and organisms is important in different areas; our method, which is based on motion trajectories, offers wide-ranging applications in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Klimek
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Debasmita Mondal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephan Block
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prerna Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India; Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Roland R Netz
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Dishaw LJ, Litman GW, Liberti A. Tethering of soluble immune effectors to mucin and chitin reflects a convergent and dynamic role in gut immunity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230078. [PMID: 38497268 PMCID: PMC10945408 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system employs soluble effectors to shape luminal spaces. Antibodies are soluble molecules that effect immunological responses, including neutralization, opsonization, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and complement activation. These molecules are comprised of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The N-terminal Ig domains recognize antigen, and the C-terminal domains facilitate their elimination through phagocytosis (opsonization). A less-recognized function mediated by the C-terminal Ig domains of the IgG class of antibodies (Fc region) involves the formation of multiple low-affinity bonds with the mucus matrix. This association anchors the antibody molecule to the matrix to entrap potential pathogens. Even though invertebrates are not known to have antibodies, protochordates have a class of secreted molecules containing Ig domains that can bind bacteria and potentially serve a similar purpose. The VCBPs (V region-containing chitin-binding proteins) possess a C-terminal chitin-binding domain that helps tether them to chitin-rich mucus gels, mimicking the IgG-mediated Fc trapping of microbes in mucus. The broad functional similarity of these structurally divergent, Ig-containing, secreted effectors makes a case for a unique form of convergent evolution within chordates. This opinion essay highlights emerging evidence that divergent secreted immune effectors with Ig-like domains evolved to manage immune recognition at mucosal surfaces in strikingly similar ways. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. J. Dishaw
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - G. W. Litman
- Morsani College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - A. Liberti
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80122 Naples, Italy
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7
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Demirturk M, Cinar MS, Avci FY. The immune interactions of gut glycans and microbiota in health and disease. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38703041 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The human digestive system harbors a vast diversity of commensal bacteria and maintains a symbiotic relationship with them. However, imbalances in the gut microbiota accompany various diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and colorectal cancers (CRCs), which significantly impact the well-being of populations globally. Glycosylation of the mucus layer is a crucial factor that plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostatic environment in the gut. This review delves into how the gut microbiota, immune cells, and gut mucus layer work together to establish a balanced gut environment. Specifically, the role of glycosylation in regulating immune cell responses and mucus metabolism in this process is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Demirturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mukaddes Sena Cinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Law SR, Mathes F, Paten AM, Alexandre PA, Regmi R, Reid C, Safarchi A, Shaktivesh S, Wang Y, Wilson A, Rice SA, Gupta VVSR. Life at the borderlands: microbiomes of interfaces critical to One Health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae008. [PMID: 38425054 PMCID: PMC10977922 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes are foundational components of the environment that provide essential services relating to food security, carbon sequestration, human health, and the overall well-being of ecosystems. Microbiota exert their effects primarily through complex interactions at interfaces with their plant, animal, and human hosts, as well as within the soil environment. This review aims to explore the ecological, evolutionary, and molecular processes governing the establishment and function of microbiome-host relationships, specifically at interfaces critical to One Health-a transdisciplinary framework that recognizes that the health outcomes of people, animals, plants, and the environment are tightly interconnected. Within the context of One Health, the core principles underpinning microbiome assembly will be discussed in detail, including biofilm formation, microbial recruitment strategies, mechanisms of microbial attachment, community succession, and the effect these processes have on host function and health. Finally, this review will catalogue recent advances in microbiology and microbial ecology methods that can be used to profile microbial interfaces, with particular attention to multi-omic, advanced imaging, and modelling approaches. These technologies are essential for delineating the general and specific principles governing microbiome assembly and functions, mapping microbial interconnectivity across varying spatial and temporal scales, and for the establishment of predictive frameworks that will guide the development of targeted microbiome-interventions to deliver One Health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Law
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Falko Mathes
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia
| | - Amy M Paten
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pamela A Alexandre
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Roshan Regmi
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Cameron Reid
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Azadeh Safarchi
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Shaktivesh Shaktivesh
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Data 61, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Yanan Wang
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Annaleise Wilson
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia
| | - Scott A Rice
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture, and Food, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Vadakattu V S R Gupta
- CSIRO MOSH-Future Science Platform, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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Kim HS, Kim B, Holzapfel WH, Kang H. Lactiplantibacillusplantarum APsulloc331261 (GTB1 ™) promotes butyrate production to suppress mucin hypersecretion in a murine allergic airway inflammation model. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1292266. [PMID: 38449878 PMCID: PMC10915089 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1292266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergic airway diseases are one of the serious health problems in worldwide and allergic airway inflammation is a prerequisite led to the exacerbated situation such as mucus hypersecretion, epithelial barrier damage and microbiota dysbiosis. Because of side effects and low efficiencies of current therapeutics, the need for novel alternatives has been urged. Probiotics in which have diverse and beneficial modulatory effects have been applied to the airway inflammation model and the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated. Methods We aimed to evaluate whether our target strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum APsulloc331261 (GTB1TM) isolated from green tea, can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation in mice and to figure out the mechanism. We induced allergic airway inflammation to mice by ovalbumin (OVA) and administered GTB1 orally and the immune and epithelial barrier markers were assessed. The gut metabolite and microbiota were also analysed, and the in vitro cell-line experiment was introduced to confirm the hypothesis of the study. Results GTB1 ameliorated type 2 inflammation and suppressed mucin hypersecretion with the inhibition of MUC5AC in inflamed mice. Moreover, GTB1 increased the butyrate production and the relative abundance of butyrate producer, Clostridium cluster IV. We assumed that butyrate may have a potential role and investigated the effect of butyrate in mucin regulation via human airway epithelial cell line, A549. Butyrate significantly reduced the gene expression of MUC5AC in A549 cells suggesting its regulatory role in mucus production. Conclusion Therefore, our study demonstrates that the oral administration of GTB1 can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation and mucin hypersecretion by butyrate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Shin Kim
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- HEM Pharma, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- HEM Pharma, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H. Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- HEM Pharma, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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10
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Aminov R, Aminova L. The role of the glycome in symbiotic host-microbe interactions. Glycobiology 2023; 33:1106-1116. [PMID: 37741057 PMCID: PMC10876039 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a crucial role in many aspects of cell biology, including cellular and organismal integrity, structure-and-function of many glycosylated molecules in the cell, signal transduction, development, cancer, and in a number of diseases. Besides, at the inter-organismal level of interaction, a variety of glycosylated molecules are involved in the host-microbiota recognition and initiation of downstream signalling cascades depending on the outcomes of the glycome-mediated ascertainment. The role of glycosylation in host-microbe interactions is better elaborated within the context of virulence and pathogenicity in bacterial infection processes but the symbiotic host-microbe relationships also involve substantive glycome-mediated interactions. The works in the latter field have been reviewed to a much lesser extent, and the main aim of this mini-review is to compensate for this deficiency and summarise the role of glycomics in host-microbe symbiotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Aminov
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Foresterhill Campus, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Leila Aminova
- Midwest Bioprocessing Center, 801 W Main St, Peoria, IL, 61606-1877, United States
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11
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Suhr M, Fichtner-Grabowski FT, Seibel H, Bang C, Franke A, Schulz C, Hornburg SC. Effects of plant-based proteins and handling stress on intestinal mucus microbiota in rainbow trout. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22563. [PMID: 38110473 PMCID: PMC10728151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, this study explores whether the gut mucus microbiota of rainbow trout is affected by the interaction of a plant-protein-based diet and a daily handling stressor (chasing with a fishing net) across two genetic lines (A, B). Initial body weights of fish from lines A and B were 124.7 g and 147.2 g, respectively. Fish were fed 1.5% of body weight per day for 59 days either of two experimental diets, differing in their fish meal [fishmeal-based diet (F): 35%, plant-based diet (V): 7%] and plant-based protein content (diet F: 47%, diet V: 73%). No diet- or stress-related effect on fish performance was observed at the end of the trial. However, we found significantly increased observed ASVs in the intestinal mucus of fish fed diet F compared to diet V. No significant differences in Shannon diversity could be observed between treatments. The autochthonous microbiota in fish fed with diet V was dominated by representatives of the genera Mycoplasma, Cetobacterium, and Ruminococcaceae, whereas Enterobacteriaceae and Photobacterium were significantly associated with diet F. The mucus bacteria in both genetic lines were significantly separated by diet, but neither by stress nor an interaction, as obtained via PERMANOVA. However, pairwise comparisons revealed that the diet effect was only significant in stressed fish. Therefore, our findings indicate that the mucus-associated microbiota is primarily modulated by the protein source, but this modulation is mediated by the stress status of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Suhr
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Henrike Seibel
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering (IMTE), Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carsten Schulz
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Individualized and Cell-Based Medical Engineering (IMTE), Hafentörn 3, 25761, Büsum, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stéphanie C Hornburg
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Donahue R, Sahoo JK, Rudolph S, Chen Y, Kaplan DL. Mucosa-Mimetic Materials for the Study of Intestinal Homeostasis and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300301. [PMID: 37329337 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a viscoelastic hydrogel that lines and protects the epithelial surfaces of the body that houses commensal microbiota and functions in host defense against pathogen invasion. As a first-line physical and biochemical barrier, intestinal mucus is involved in immune surveillance and spatial organization of the microbiome, while dysfunction of the gut mucus barrier is implicated in several diseases. Mucus can be collected from a variety of mammalian sources for study, however, established methods are challenging in terms of scale and efficiency, as well as with regard to rheological similarity to native human mucus. Therefore, there is a need for mucus-mimetic hydrogels that more accurately reflect the physical and chemical profile of the in vivo human epithelial environment to enable the investigation of the role of mucus in human disease and interactions with the intestinal microbiome. This review will evaluate the material properties of synthetic mucus mimics to date designed to address the above need, with a focus toward an improved understanding of the biochemical and immunological functions of these biopolymers related to utility for research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sara Rudolph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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13
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Yang S, Duncan GA. Synthetic mucus biomaterials for antimicrobial peptide delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1616-1626. [PMID: 37199137 PMCID: PMC10524183 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promise of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections, their therapeutic efficacy is limited due to the rapid degradation and low bioavailability of AMPs. To address this, we have developed and characterized a synthetic mucus (SM) biomaterial capable of delivering LL37 AMPs and enhancing their therapeutic effect. LL37 is an AMP that exhibits a wide range of antimicrobial activity against bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LL37 loaded SM hydrogels demonstrated controlled release with 70%-95% of loaded LL37 over 8 h due to charge-mediated interactions between mucins and LL37 AMPs. Compared to treatment with LL37 alone where antimicrobial activity was reduced after 3 h, LL37-SM hydrogels inhibited P. aeruginosa (PAO1) growth over 12 h. LL37-SM hydrogel treatment reduced PAO1 viability over 6 h whereas a rebound in bacterial growth was observed when treated with LL37 only. These data demonstrate LL37-SM hydrogels enhance antimicrobial activity by preserving LL37 AMP activity and bioavailability. Overall, this work establishes SM biomaterials as a platform for enhanced AMP delivery for antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Yang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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14
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Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Biagini F, Donati L, Mazzantini D, Massimino M, Daddi C, Celandroni F, Vozzi G, Ghelardi E. Development of an In Vitro Model of the Gut Microbiota Enriched in Mucus-Adhering Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0033623. [PMID: 37289064 PMCID: PMC10433972 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00336-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Culturing the gut microbiota in in vitro models that mimic the intestinal environment is increasingly becoming a promising alternative approach to study microbial dynamics and the effect of perturbations on the gut community. Since the mucus-associated microbial populations in the human intestine differ in composition and functions from their luminal counterpart, we attempted to reproduce in vitro the microbial consortia adhering to mucus using an already established three-dimensional model of the human gut microbiota. Electrospun gelatin structures supplemented or not with mucins were inoculated with fecal samples and compared for their ability to support microbial adhesion and growth over time, as well as to shape the composition of the colonizing communities. Both scaffolds allowed the establishment of long-term stable biofilms with comparable total bacterial loads and biodiversity. However, mucin-coated structures harbored microbial consortia especially enriched in Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium, being therefore able to select for microorganisms commonly considered mucosa-associated in vivo. IMPORTANCE These findings highlight the importance of mucins in shaping intestinal microbial communities, even those in artificial gut microbiota systems. We propose our in vitro model based on mucin-coated electrospun gelatin structures as a valid device for studies evaluating the effects of exogenous factors (nutrients, probiotics, infectious agents, and drugs) on mucus-adhering microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Biagini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Donati
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Massimino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Daddi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Enrico Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health – Nutrafood”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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15
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Wu CM, Wheeler KM, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Aoki K, McShane A, Datta SS, Mark Welch JL, Tiemeyer M, Griffen AL, Ribbeck K. Mucin glycans drive oral microbial community composition and function. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:11. [PMID: 36959210 PMCID: PMC10036478 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human microbiome composition is closely tied to health, but how the host manages its microbial inhabitants remains unclear. One important, but understudied, factor is the natural host environment: mucus, which contains gel-forming glycoproteins (mucins) that display hundreds of glycan structures with potential regulatory function. Leveraging a tractable culture-based system to study how mucins influence oral microbial communities, we found that mucin glycans enable the coexistence of diverse microbes, while resisting disease-associated compositional shifts. Mucins from tissues with unique glycosylation differentially tuned microbial composition, as did isolated mucin glycan libraries, uncovering the importance of specific glycan patterns in microbiome modulation. We found that mucins shape microbial communities in several ways: serving as nutrients to support metabolic diversity, organizing spatial structure through reduced aggregation, and possibly limiting antagonism between competing taxa. Overall, this work identifies mucin glycans as a natural host mechanism and potential therapeutic intervention to maintain healthy microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey M Wheeler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gerardo Cárcamo-Oyarce
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Abigail McShane
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sujit S Datta
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ann L Griffen
- Department of Dentistry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Divisions of Biosciences and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Yang S, Duncan G. Synthetic Mucus Biomaterials for Antimicrobial Peptide Delivery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531025. [PMID: 36945438 PMCID: PMC10028879 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the promise of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections, their therapeutic efficacy is limited due to the rapid degradation and low bioavailability of AMPs. To address this, we have developed and characterized a synthetic mucus (SM) biomaterial capable of delivering AMPs and enhancing their therapeutic effect. LL37 loaded SM hydrogels demonstrated controlled release of LL37 over 8 hours as a result of charge-mediated interactions between mucins and LL37 AMPs. Compared to treatment with LL37 alone where antimicrobial activity was reduced after 3 hours, LL37-SM hydrogels inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 growth over 12 hours. LL37-SM hydrogel treatment reduced PAO1 viability over 6 hours whereas a rebound in bacterial growth was observed when treated with LL37 only. These data demonstrate LL37-SM hydrogels enhance antimicrobial activity by preserving LL37 AMP activity and bioavailability. Overall, this work establishes SM biomaterials as a platform for enhanced AMP delivery for antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Yang
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, MD
| | - Gregg Duncan
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, MD
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17
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Wu D, Su S, Zha X, Wei Y, Yang G, Huang Q, Yang Y, Xia L, Fan S, Peng X. Glutamine promotes O-GlcNAcylation of G6PD and inhibits AGR2 S-glutathionylation to maintain the intestinal mucus barrier in burned septic mice. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102581. [PMID: 36565645 PMCID: PMC9800542 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus forms the first line of defence of the intestinal mucosa barrier, and mucin is its core component. Glutamine is a vital energy substance for goblet cells; it can promote mucus synthesis and alleviate damage to the intestinal mucus barrier after burn injury, but its mechanism is not fully understood. This study focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of glutamine on the synthesis and modification of mucin 2 (MUC2) by using animal and cellular models of burn sepsis. We found that anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) plays a key role in the posttranslational modification of MUC2. Oxidative stress induced by burn sepsis enhanced the S-glutathionylation of AGR2, interfered with the processing and modification of MUC2 precursors by AGR2 and blocked the synthesis of mature MUC2. Further studies revealed that NADPH, catalysed by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), is a key molecule in inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating AGR2 activity. Glutamine promotes O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of G6PD via the hexosamine pathway, which facilitates G6PD homodimer formation and increases NADPH synthesis, thereby inhibiting AGR2 S-glutathionylation and promoting MUC2 maturation, ultimately reducing damage to the intestinal mucus barrier after burn sepsis. Overall, we have demonstrated that the central mechanisms of glutamine in promoting MUC2 maturation and maintaining the intestinal mucus barrier are the enhancement of G6PD glycosylation and inhibition of AGR2 S-glutathionylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Sen Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Xule Zha
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Gang Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Qianying Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yongjun Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Xia
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Shijun Fan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Shriners Burns Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Bligh M, Nguyen N, Buck-Wiese H, Vidal-Melgosa S, Hehemann JH. Structures and functions of algal glycans shape their capacity to sequester carbon in the ocean. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 71:102204. [PMID: 36155346 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Algae synthesise structurally complex glycans to build a protective barrier, the extracellular matrix. One function of matrix glycans is to slow down microorganisms that try to enzymatically enter living algae and degrade and convert their organic carbon back to carbon dioxide. We propose that matrix glycans lock up carbon in the ocean by controlling degradation of organic carbon by bacteria and other microbes not only while algae are alive, but also after death. Data revised in this review shows accumulation of algal glycans in the ocean underscoring the challenge bacteria and other microbes face to breach the glycan barrier with carbohydrate active enzymes. Briefly we also update on methods required to certify the uncertain magnitude and unknown molecular causes of glycan-controlled carbon sequestration in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Bligh
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Nguyen Nguyen
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Hagen Buck-Wiese
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vidal-Melgosa
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; University of Bremen, MARUM Centre for Marine Environmental Sciences Bremen, Germany.
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19
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Interactions of Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity in the Ceca of Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111941. [PMID: 36423036 PMCID: PMC9693493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Eimeria tenella infection on the cecal microbiome, the protein concentration of cecal content, cecal mucosal immunity, and serum endotoxin levels in broilers. Three hundred sixty 14-day-old broilers were allocated to five infection doses with six replicates. The five infection doses were: ID0: 0, ID1: 6250, ID2: 12,500, ID3: 25,000, and ID4: 50,000 Eimeria tenella oocysts. Eimeria tenella infection significantly increased the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, which includes diverse pathogenic bacteria, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Protein concentration of the cecal content was linearly increased (p < 0.05), and the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the cecal content was linearly decreased by Eimeria tenella infection (p < 0.05). Goblet cell density was linearly reduced in the ceca by Eimeria tenella infection (p < 0.05). Eimeria tenella infection tended to linearly decrease the relative mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptide genes such as avian beta-defensin 9 (AvBD9; p = 0.10) and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2; p = 0.08) in the cecal tissue. Therefore, Eimeria tenella infection negatively modulated cecal microbiota via impairing cecal mucosal immunity and increasing protein concentration in the cecal content in broilers.
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20
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Bej R, Haag R. Mucus-Inspired Dynamic Hydrogels: Synthesis and Future Perspectives. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20137-20152. [PMID: 36074739 PMCID: PMC9650700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucus hydrogels at biointerfaces are crucial for protecting against foreign pathogens and for the biological functions of the underlying cells. Since mucus can bind to and host both viruses and bacteria, establishing a synthetic model system that can emulate the properties and functions of native mucus and can be synthesized at large scale would revolutionize the mucus-related research that is essential for understanding the pathways of many infectious diseases. The synthesis of such biofunctional hydrogels in the laboratory is highly challenging, owing to their complex chemical compositions and the specific chemical interactions that occur throughout the gel network. In this perspective, we discuss the basic chemical structures and diverse physicochemical interactions responsible for the unique properties and functions of mucus hydrogels. We scrutinize the different approaches for preparing mucus-inspired hydrogels, with specific examples. We also discuss recent research and what it reveals about the challenges that must be addressed and the opportunities to be considered to achieve desirable de novo synthetic mucus hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bej
- Institute for Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute for Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Suriano F, Nyström EEL, Sergi D, Gustafsson JK. Diet, microbiota, and the mucus layer: The guardians of our health. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953196. [PMID: 36177011 PMCID: PMC9513540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal tract is an ecosystem in which the resident microbiota lives in symbiosis with its host. This symbiotic relationship is key to maintaining overall health, with dietary habits of the host representing one of the main external factors shaping the microbiome-host relationship. Diets high in fiber and low in fat and sugars, as opposed to Western and high-fat diets, have been shown to have a beneficial effect on intestinal health by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, improve mucus barrier function and immune tolerance, while inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses and their downstream effects. On the contrary, diets low in fiber and high in fat and sugars have been associated with alterations in microbiota composition/functionality and the subsequent development of chronic diseases such as food allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disease. In this review, we provided an updated overview of the current understanding of the connection between diet, microbiota, and health, with a special focus on the role of Western and high-fat diets in shaping intestinal homeostasis by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Suriano
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth E. L. Nyström
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jenny K. Gustafsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Juarez VM, Montalbine AN, Singh A. Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114400. [PMID: 35718251 PMCID: PMC10751508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Juarez
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alyssa N Montalbine
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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23
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Loktionov A. Colon mucus in colorectal neoplasia and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4475-4492. [PMID: 36157924 PMCID: PMC9476883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little was known about mammalian colon mucus (CM) until the beginning of the 21st century. Since that time considerable progress has been made in basic research addressing CM structure and functions. Human CM is formed by two distinct layers composed of gel-forming glycosylated mucins that are permanently secreted by goblet cells of the colonic epithelium. The inner layer is dense and impenetrable for bacteria, whereas the loose outer layer provides a habitat for abundant commensal microbiota. Mucus barrier integrity is essential for preventing bacterial contact with the mucosal epithelium and maintaining homeostasis in the gut, but it can be impaired by a variety of factors, including CM-damaging switch of commensal bacteria to mucin glycan consumption due to dietary fiber deficiency. It is proven that impairments in CM structure and function can lead to colonic barrier deterioration that opens direct bacterial access to the epithelium. Bacteria-induced damage dysregulates epithelial proliferation and causes mucosal inflammatory responses that may expand to the loosened CM and eventually result in severe disorders, including colitis and neoplastic growth. Recently described formation of bacterial biofilms within the inner CM layer was shown to be associated with both inflammation and cancer. Although obvious gaps in our knowledge of human CM remain, its importance for the pathogenesis of major colorectal diseases, comprising inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, is already recognized. Continuing progress in CM exploration is likely to result in the development of a range of new useful clinical applications addressing colorectal disease diagnosis, prevention and therapy.
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24
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Greenwald MA, Wolfgang MC. The changing landscape of the cystic fibrosis lung environment: From the perspective of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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Taleb V, Liao Q, Narimatsu Y, García-García A, Compañón I, Borges RJ, González-Ramírez AM, Corzana F, Clausen H, Rovira C, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Structural and mechanistic insights into the cleavage of clustered O-glycan patches-containing glycoproteins by mucinases of the human gut. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4324. [PMID: 35882872 PMCID: PMC9325726 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucinases of human gut bacteria cleave peptide bonds in mucins strictly depending on the presence of neighboring O-glycans. The Akkermansia muciniphila AM0627 mucinase cleaves specifically in between contiguous (bis) O-glycans of defined truncated structures, suggesting that this enzyme may recognize clustered O-glycan patches. Here, we report the structure and molecular mechanism of AM0627 in complex with a glycopeptide containing a bis-T (Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr) O-glycan, revealing that AM0627 recognizes both the sugar moieties and the peptide sequence. AM0627 exhibits preference for bis-T over bis-Tn (GalNAcα1-O-Ser/Thr) O-glycopeptide substrates, with the first GalNAc residue being essential for cleavage. AM0627 follows a mechanism relying on a nucleophilic water molecule and a catalytic base Glu residue. Structural comparison among mucinases identifies a conserved Tyr engaged in sugar-π interactions in both AM0627 and the Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron BT4244 mucinase as responsible for the common activity of these two mucinases with bis-T/Tn substrates. Our work illustrates how mucinases through tremendous flexibility adapt to the diversity in distribution and patterns of O-glycans on mucins. AM0627 is a bis-O-glycan mucinase that might work in the final steps of mucus degradation, thereby providing a carbon and nitrogen source for Akkermansia muciniphila. Here, the authors provide molecular insights into AM0627 function from X-ray crystallography and computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Taleb
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Qinghua Liao
- Departament de Química Inorgánica i Orgánica (Secció de Química Orgánica) and Institut de Química Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana García-García
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rafael Junqueira Borges
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Andrés Manuel González-Ramírez
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, E-26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgánica i Orgánica (Secció de Química Orgánica) and Institut de Química Teorica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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26
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Michaud E, Waeckel L, Gayet R, Goguyer-Deschaumes R, Chanut B, Jospin F, Bathany K, Monnoye M, Genet C, Prier A, Tokarski C, Gérard P, Roblin X, Rochereau N, Paul S. Alteration of microbiota antibody-mediated immune selection contributes to dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15386. [PMID: 35785473 PMCID: PMC9358401 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human secretory immunoglobulins (SIg) A1 and SIgA2 guide mucosal responses toward tolerance or inflammation, notably through reverse-transcytosis, the apical-to-basal transport of IgA2 immune complexes via M cells of gut Peyer's patches. As such, the maintenance of a diverse gut microbiota requires broad affinity IgA and glycan-glycan interaction. Here, we asked whether IgA1 and IgA2-microbiota interactions might be involved in dysbiosis induction during inflammatory bowel diseases. Using stool HPLC-purified IgA, we show that reverse-transcytosis is abrogated in ulcerative colitis (UC) while it is extended to IgA1 in Crohn's disease (CD). 16S RNA sequencing of IgA-bound microbiota in CD and UC showed distinct IgA1- and IgA2-associated microbiota; the IgA1+ fraction of CD microbiota was notably enriched in beneficial commensals. These features were associated with increased IgA anti-glycan reactivity in CD and an opposite loss of reactivity in UC. Our results highlight previously unknown pathogenic properties of IgA in IBD that could support dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rémi Gayet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Roman Goguyer-Deschaumes
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Blandine Chanut
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabienne Jospin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Katell Bathany
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Magali Monnoye
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Coraline Genet
- Inserm UMR 1098 Right, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Amelie Prier
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets (UMR 5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nicolas Rochereau
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR530, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
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Takagi J, Aoki K, Turner BS, Lamont S, Lehoux S, Kavanaugh N, Gulati M, Valle Arevalo A, Lawrence TJ, Kim CY, Bakshi B, Ishihara M, Nobile CJ, Cummings RD, Wozniak DJ, Tiemeyer M, Hevey R, Ribbeck K. Mucin O-glycans are natural inhibitors of Candida albicans pathogenicity. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:762-773. [PMID: 35668191 PMCID: PMC7613833 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are large gel-forming polymers inside the mucus barrier that inhibit the yeast-to-hyphal transition of Candida albicans, a key virulence trait of this important human fungal pathogen. However, the molecular motifs in mucins that inhibit filamentation remain unclear despite their potential for therapeutic interventions. Here, we determined that mucins display an abundance of virulence-attenuating molecules in the form of mucin O-glycans. We isolated and cataloged >100 mucin O-glycans from three major mucosal surfaces and established that they suppress filamentation and related phenotypes relevant to infection, including surface adhesion, biofilm formation and cross-kingdom competition between C. albicans and the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using synthetic O-glycans, we identified three structures (core 1, core 1 + fucose and core 2 + galactose) that are sufficient to inhibit filamentation with potency comparable to the complex O-glycan pool. Overall, this work identifies mucin O-glycans as host molecules with untapped therapeutic potential to manage fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Takagi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Bradley S Turner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Lamont
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Kavanaugh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megha Gulati
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Molecular Cell, Cell Press, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Valle Arevalo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Travis J Lawrence
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Colin Y Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bhavya Bakshi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Clarissa J Nobile
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Hevey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Sokolovskaya OM, Tan MW, Wolan DW. Sialic acid diversity in the human gut: Molecular impacts and tools for future discovery. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102397. [PMID: 35653953 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally related sugars that are prevalent in mucosal surfaces, including the human intestine. In the gut, sialic acids have diverse biological roles at the interface of the host epithelium and the microbiota. N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), the best studied sialic acid, is a nutrient source for bacteria and, when displayed on the cell surface, a binding site for host immune factors, viruses, and bacterial toxins. Neu5Ac is extensively modified by host and microbial enzymes, and the impacts of Neu5Ac derivatives on host-microbe interactions, and generally on human and microbial biology, remain underexplored. In this mini-review, we highlight recent reports describing how host and microbial proteins differentiate Neu5Ac and its derivatives, draw attention to gaps in knowledge related to sialic acid biology, and suggest cutting-edge methodologies that may expand our appreciation and understanding of Neu5Ac in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Sokolovskaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States.
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29
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Xia B, Zhong R, Meng Q, Wu W, Chen L, Zhao X, Zhang H. Multi-omics unravel the compromised mucosal barrier function linked to aberrant mucin O-glycans in a pig model. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:952-964. [PMID: 35364208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early weaning stress (EWS) in piglets is associated with intestinal dysfunction. Here, utilizing a pig EWS model to mimic early-life stress (ELS) in humans, we investigated the mechanism of ELS-induced intestinal diseases through integrated multi-omics analyses of proteome, glycome, and microbiome. Our results demonstrated that EWS resulted in disrupted the ileal barrier integrity by reducing tight junction-related gene expression and interfering with cell-cell adhesion paralleled the increased proportion of pathogens such as Escherichia_Shigella and Helicobacter. Furthermore, Proteome data revealed that the accumulation of unfolded proteins and insufficient unfolded protein response (UPR) process caused by EWS led to ER stress. Data from proteome and glycome found that EWS induced aberrant mucin O-glycans, including truncated glycans, reduction in acidic glycans, and increased in fucosylated glycans. In addition, correlation test by taking fucose and inflammatory response into account suggested that enhancement of fucose expression might be a compensatory host response. Taken together, these results extend the comprehensive knowledge of the detrimental impacts and pathogenesis of EWS and help to provide intervention targets for ELS-induced intestinal diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Weida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H9X3V9, Canada.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal ecosystem is formed from interactions between the host, indigenous gut microbiota, and external world. When colonizing the gut, bacteria must overcome barriers imposed by the intestinal environment, such as host immune responses and microbiota-mediated nutrient limitation. Thus, understanding bacterial colonization requires determining how the gut landscape interacts with microbes attempting to establish within the ecosystem. However, the complicated network of interactions between elements of the intestinal environment makes it challenging to uncover emergent properties of the system using only reductionist methods. A systems biology approach, which aims to investigate complex systems by examining the behavior and relationships of all elements of the system, may afford a more holistic perspective of the colonization process. Here, we examine the confluence between the gut landscape and bacterial colonization through the lens of systems biology. We offer an overview of the conceptual and methodological underpinnings of systems biology, followed by a discussion of key elements of the gut ecosystem as they pertain to bacterial establishment and growth. We conclude by reintegrating these elements to guide future comprehensive investigations of the ecosystem in the context of bacterial intestinal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R. Barron
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vincent B. Young
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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31
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Bergstrom K, Xia L. The barrier and beyond: Roles of intestinal mucus and mucin-type O-glycosylation in resistance and tolerance defense strategies guiding host-microbe symbiosis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2052699. [PMID: 35380912 PMCID: PMC8986245 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2052699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, our appreciation of the gut mucus has moved from a static lubricant to a dynamic and essential component of the gut ecosystem that not only mediates the interface between host tissues and vast microbiota, but regulates how this ecosystem functions to promote mutualistic symbioses and protect from microbe-driven diseases. By delving into the complex chemistry and biology of the mucus, combined with innovative in vivo and ex vivo approaches, recent studies have revealed novel insights into the formation and function of the mucus system, the O-glycans that make up this system, and how they mediate two major host-defense strategies - resistance and tolerance - to reduce damage caused by indigenous microbes and opportunistic pathogens. This current review summarizes these findings by highlighting the emerging roles of mucus and mucin-type O-glycans in influencing host and microbial physiology with an emphasis on host defense strategies against bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British ColumbiaV1V 1V7, Canada,Kirk Bergstrom Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, B.C. Canada
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA,CONTACT Lijun Xia Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA
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32
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Lee Y, Kamada N, Moon JJ. Oral nanomedicine for modulating immunity, intestinal barrier functions, and gut microbiome. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114021. [PMID: 34710529 PMCID: PMC8665886 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affects not only local diseases in the GIT but also various systemic diseases. Factors that can affect the health and disease of both GIT and the human body include 1) the mucosal immune system composed of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues and the lamina propria, 2) the intestinal barrier composed of mucus and intestinal epithelium, and 3) the gut microbiota. Selective delivery of drugs, including antigens, immune-modulators, intestinal barrier enhancers, and gut-microbiome manipulators, has shown promising results for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, and other systemic diseases, including cancer. However, physicochemical and biological barriers of the GIT present significant challenges for successful translation. With the advances of novel nanomaterials, oral nanomedicine has emerged as an attractive option to not only overcome these barriers but also to selectively deliver drugs to the target sites in GIT. In this review, we discuss the GIT factors and physicochemical and biological barriers in the GIT. Furthermore, we present the recent progress of oral nanomedicine for oral vaccines, immune tolerance, and anti-inflammation therapies. We also discuss recent advances in oral nanomedicine designed to fortify the intestinal barrier functions and modulate the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. Finally, we opine about the future directions of oral nano-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
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33
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Béchon N, Ghigo JM. Gut biofilms: Bacteroides as model symbionts to study biofilm formation by intestinal anaerobes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6440158. [PMID: 34849798 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are communities of adhering bacteria that express distinct properties compared to their free-living counterparts, including increased antibiotic tolerance and original metabolic capabilities. Despite the potential impact of the biofilm lifestyle on the stability and function of the dense community of micro-organisms constituting the mammalian gut microbiota, the overwhelming majority of studies performed on biofilm formation by gut bacteria focused either on minor and often aerobic members of the community or on pathogenic bacteria. In this review, we discuss the reported evidence for biofilm-like structures formed by gut bacteria, the importance of considering the anaerobic nature of gut biofilms and we present the most recent advances on biofilm formation by Bacteroides, one of the most abundant genera of the human gut microbiota. Bacteroides species can be found attached to food particles and colonizing the mucus layer and we propose that Bacteroides symbionts are relevant models to probe the physiology of gut microbiota biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Béchon
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS2001, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, UMR CNRS2001, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory 75015 Paris, France
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34
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Xia B, Wu W, Zhang L, Wen X, Xie J, Zhang H. Gut microbiota mediates the effects of inulin on enhancing sulfomucin production and mucosal barrier function in a pig model. Food Funct 2021; 12:10967-10982. [PMID: 34651635 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers (DFs) have many beneficial effects on intestinal health by ameliorating intestinal inflammation and modulating the microbial community composition, thereby affecting the barrier function. This study aims to characterize the gut microbiota of pigs fed with DFs, revealing a link between the intestinal microbiota and mucin chemotypes. Pigs (six per group) were randomly allotted to consume one of the following diets: control (CON) or a diet supplemented with 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or inulin (INU) for 72 days. We found that INU but not MCC enhanced the colonic barrier function by promoting the expression of ZO-1, Occludin and MUC2 and reducing the colonic crypt depth. INU increased sulfomucin production and mRNA levels of sulfotransferases Gal3ST1 and Gal3ST2. Goblet cells in the ileum were found to contain predominantly sialomucins while colonic goblet cells were dominated by sulfomucins with sialomucins absent. DF consumption increased the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of the ileum and colon compared to the CON diet. Moreover, the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis revealed that DFs significantly altered the composition of ileal and colonic mucosal microbiota. Network analysis indicated that INU-induced changes in bacterial genera and SCFAs, such as Akkermansia and butyrate, were significantly related with sulfomucins and the mucosal barrier function-gene in pigs. Collectively, these findings suggest that the intestinal mucosal microbiota and SCFAs induced by INU play a crucial role in modulating the chemotypes of mucin and the barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District 712100, China
| | - Weida Wu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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35
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Dragelj J, Mroginski MA, Ebrahimi KH. Hidden in Plain Sight: Natural Products of Commensal Microbiota as an Environmental Selection Pressure for the Rise of New Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2946-2950. [PMID: 34265150 PMCID: PMC8427076 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, little attention has been paid to the interplay between the interaction of virus and commensal microbiota. Here, we used molecular docking and dynamics simulations to study the interaction of some of the known metabolites and natural products (NPs) produced by commensal microbiota with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. The results predict that NPs of commensal microbiota such as bile acids and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), of which some are siderophores, bind to the wild-type RBD and interfere with its binding to the ACE2 receptor. N501Y mutation, which is present in many of the emerging variants of the virus, abolishes the predicted binding pocket of bile acids and NRPs. Based on these findings, available experimental data showing that bile acids reduce the binding affinity of wild-type RBD to the ACE2 receptor, and the data suggesting that the respiratory tract microbiota affect viral infection we put forward the following proposal: mutations such as N501Y enable the RBD to bind to the ACE2 receptor more effectively in the presence of NPs produced by the respiratory tract bacteria thereby, increasing the infectivity rate of the virus. We hope our data stimulate future works to better understand the interactions of NPs produced by commensal microbiota with respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Dragelj
- Institute of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Institute of ChemistryTechnische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Kourosh H. Ebrahimi
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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36
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Ingala MR, Albert L, Addesso A, Watkins MJ, Knutie SA. Differential effects of elevated nest temperature and parasitism on the gut microbiota of wild avian hosts. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:67. [PMID: 34600588 PMCID: PMC8487522 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in wild animal gut microbiotas may influence host health and fitness. While many studies have shown correlations between gut microbiota structure and external factors, few studies demonstrate causal links between environmental variables and microbiota shifts. Here, we use a fully factorial experiment to test the effects of elevated ambient temperature and natural nest parasitism by nest flies (Protocalliphora sialia) on the gut microbiotas of two species of wild birds, the eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) and the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). RESULTS We find that bacterial communities from the nestlings of each host species show idiosyncratic responses to both heat and parasitism, with gut microbiotas of eastern bluebirds more disrupted by heat and parasitism than those of tree swallows. Thus, we find that eastern bluebirds are unable to maintain stable associations with their gut bacteria in the face of both elevated temperature and parasitism. In contrast, tree swallow gut microbiotas are not significantly impacted by either heat or nest parasitism. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that excess heat (e.g., as a result of climate change) may destabilize natural host-parasite-microbiota systems, with the potential to affect host fitness and survival in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Ingala
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA.
| | - Lauren Albert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa Addesso
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Watkins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sarah A Knutie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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37
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Marczynski M, Lieleg O. Forgotten but not gone: Particulate matter as contaminations of mucosal systems. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:031302. [PMID: 38505633 PMCID: PMC10903497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A decade ago, environmental issues, such as air pollution and the contamination of the oceans with microplastic, were prominently communicated in the media. However, these days, political topics, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, have clearly taken over. In spite of this shift in focus regarding media representation, researchers have made progress in evaluating the possible health risks associated with particulate contaminations present in water and air. In this review article, we summarize recent efforts that establish a clear link between the increasing occurrence of certain pathological conditions and the exposure of humans (or animals) to airborne or waterborne particulate matter. First, we give an overview of the physiological functions mucus has to fulfill in humans and animals, and we discuss different sources of particulate matter. We then highlight parameters that govern particle toxicity and summarize our current knowledge of how an exposure to particulate matter can be related to dysfunctions of mucosal systems. Last, we outline how biophysical tools and methods can help researchers to obtain a better understanding of how particulate matter may affect human health. As we discuss here, recent research has made it quite clear that the structure and functions of those mucosal systems are sensitive toward particulate contaminations. Yet, our mechanistic understanding of how (and which) nano- and microparticles can compromise human health via interacting with mucosal barriers is far from complete.
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Mucus, Microbiomes and Pulmonary Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060675. [PMID: 34199312 PMCID: PMC8232003 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract harbors a stable and diverse microbial population within an extracellular mucus layer. Mucus provides a formidable defense against infection and maintaining healthy mucus is essential to normal pulmonary physiology, promoting immune tolerance and facilitating a healthy, commensal lung microbiome that can be altered in association with chronic respiratory disease. How one maintains a specialized (healthy) microbiome that resists significant fluctuation remains unknown, although smoking, diet, antimicrobial therapy, and infection have all been observed to influence microbial lung homeostasis. In this review, we outline the specific role of polymerizing mucin, a key functional component of the mucus layer that changes during pulmonary disease. We discuss strategies by which mucin feed and spatial orientation directly influence microbial behavior and highlight how a compromised mucus layer gives rise to inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. This emerging field of respiratory research provides fresh opportunities to examine mucus, and its function as predictors of infection risk or disease progression and severity across a range of chronic pulmonary disease states and consider new perspectives in the development of mucolytic treatments.
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Marczynski M, Jiang K, Blakeley M, Srivastava V, Vilaplana F, Crouzier T, Lieleg O. Structural Alterations of Mucins Are Associated with Losses in Functionality. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1600-1613. [PMID: 33749252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Commercial mucin glycoproteins are routinely used as a model to investigate the broad range of important functions mucins fulfill in our bodies, including lubrication, protection against hostile germs, and the accommodation of a healthy microbiome. Moreover, purified mucins are increasingly selected as building blocks for multifunctional materials, i.e., as components of hydrogels or coatings. By performing a detailed side-by-side comparison of commercially available and lab-purified variants of porcine gastric mucins, we decipher key molecular motifs that are crucial for mucin functionality. As two main structural features, we identify the hydrophobic termini and the hydrophilic glycosylation pattern of the mucin glycoprotein; moreover, we describe how alterations in those structural motifs affect the different properties of mucins-on both microscopic and macroscopic levels. This study provides a detailed understanding of how distinct functionalities of gastric mucins are established, and it highlights the need for high-quality mucins-for both basic research and the development of mucin-based medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Marczynski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kun Jiang
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Blakeley
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vilaplana
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.,AIMES - Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Center for Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
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