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Wu CM, Wheeler KM, Cárcamo-Oyarce G, Aoki K, McShane A, Datta SS, Mark Welch JL, Tiemeyer M, Griffen AL, Ribbeck K. Mucin glycans drive oral microbial community composition and function. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:11. [PMID: 36959210 PMCID: PMC10036478 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human microbiome composition is closely tied to health, but how the host manages its microbial inhabitants remains unclear. One important, but understudied, factor is the natural host environment: mucus, which contains gel-forming glycoproteins (mucins) that display hundreds of glycan structures with potential regulatory function. Leveraging a tractable culture-based system to study how mucins influence oral microbial communities, we found that mucin glycans enable the coexistence of diverse microbes, while resisting disease-associated compositional shifts. Mucins from tissues with unique glycosylation differentially tuned microbial composition, as did isolated mucin glycan libraries, uncovering the importance of specific glycan patterns in microbiome modulation. We found that mucins shape microbial communities in several ways: serving as nutrients to support metabolic diversity, organizing spatial structure through reduced aggregation, and possibly limiting antagonism between competing taxa. Overall, this work identifies mucin glycans as a natural host mechanism and potential therapeutic intervention to maintain healthy microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kelsey M Wheeler
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gerardo Cárcamo-Oyarce
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Abigail McShane
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sujit S Datta
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ann L Griffen
- Department of Dentistry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Divisions of Biosciences and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Wagner CE, Krupkin M, Smith-Dupont KB, Wu CM, Bustos NA, Witten J, Ribbeck K. Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Native Mucus and Reconstituted Mucin Gels. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:628-639. [PMID: 36727870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Simulating native mucus with model systems such as gels made from reconstituted mucin or commercially available polymers presents experimental advantages including greater sample availability and reduced inter- and intradonor heterogeneity. Understanding whether these gels reproduce the complex physical and biochemical properties of native mucus at multiple length scales is critical to building relevant experimental models, but few systematic comparisons have been reported. Here, we compared bulk mechanical properties, microstructure, and biochemical responses of mucus from different niches, reconstituted mucin gels (with similar pH and polymer concentrations as native tissues), and commonly used commercially available polymers. To evaluate gel properties across these length scales, we used small-amplitude oscillatory shear, single-particle tracking, and microaffinity chromatography with small analytes. With the exception of human saliva, the mechanical response of mucin gels was qualitatively similar to that of native mucus. The transport behavior of charged peptides through native mucus gels was qualitatively reproduced in gels composed of corresponding isolated mucins. Compared to native mucus, we observed substantial differences in the physicochemical properties of gels reconstituted from commercially available mucins and the substitute carboxymethylcellulose, which is currently used in artificial tear and saliva treatments. Our study highlights the importance of selecting a mucus model system guided by the length scale relevant to the scientific investigation or disease application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Wagner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Miri Krupkin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Kathryn B Smith-Dupont
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Nicole A Bustos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Jacob Witten
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States.,Computational and Systems Biology Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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3
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Hahn G, Wu CM, Lee S, Lutz SM, Khurana S, Baden LR, Haneuse S, Qiao D, Hecker J, DeMeo DL, Tanzi RE, Choudhary MC, Etemad B, Mohammadi A, Esmaeilzadeh E, Cho MH, Li JZ, Randolph AG, Laird NM, Weiss ST, Silverman EK, Ribbeck K, Lange C. Genome-wide association analysis of COVID-19 mortality risk in SARS-CoV-2 genomes identifies mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that colocalizes with P.1 of the Brazilian strain. Genet Epidemiol 2021; 45:685-693. [PMID: 34159627 PMCID: PMC8426743 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
SARS‐CoV‐2 mortality has been extensively studied in relation to host susceptibility. How sequence variations in the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome affect pathogenicity is poorly understood. Starting in October 2020, using the methodology of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), we looked at the association between whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data of the virus and COVID‐19 mortality as a potential method of early identification of highly pathogenic strains to target for containment. Although continuously updating our analysis, in December 2020, we analyzed 7548 single‐stranded SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes of COVID‐19 patients in the GISAID database and associated variants with mortality using a logistic regression. In total, evaluating 29,891 sequenced loci of the viral genome for association with patient/host mortality, two loci, at 12,053 and 25,088 bp, achieved genome‐wide significance (p values of 4.09e−09 and 4.41e−23, respectively), though only 25,088 bp remained significant in follow‐up analyses. Our association findings were exclusively driven by the samples that were submitted from Brazil (p value of 4.90e−13 for 25,088 bp). The mutation frequency of 25,088 bp in the Brazilian samples on GISAID has rapidly increased from about 0.4 in October/December 2020 to 0.77 in March 2021. Although GWAS methodology is suitable for samples in which mutation frequencies varies between geographical regions, it cannot account for mutation frequencies that change rapidly overtime, rendering a GWAS follow‐up analysis of the GISAID samples that have been submitted after December 2020 as invalid. The locus at 25,088 bp is located in the P.1 strain, which later (April 2021) became one of the distinguishing loci (precisely, substitution V1176F) of the Brazilian strain as defined by the Centers for Disease Control. Specifically, the mutations at 25,088 bp occur in the S2 subunit of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein, which plays a key role in viral entry of target host cells. Since the mutations alter amino acid coding sequences, they potentially imposing structural changes that could enhance viral infectivity and symptom severity. Our analysis suggests that GWAS methodology can provide suitable analysis tools for the real‐time detection of new more transmissible and pathogenic viral strains in databases such as GISAID, though new approaches are needed to accommodate rapidly changing mutation frequencies over time, in the presence of simultaneously changing case/control ratios. Improvements of the associated metadata/patient information in terms of quality and availability will also be important to fully utilize the potential of GWAS methodology in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hahn
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medical Consilience, Graduate School, Dankook University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sharon M Lutz
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sebastien Haneuse
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian Hecker
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Behzad Etemad
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michael H Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nan M Laird
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Abstract
As a natural environment for human-microbiota interactions, healthy mucus houses a remarkably stable and diverse microbial community. Maintaining this microbiota is essential to human health, both to support the commensal bacteria that perform a wide array of beneficial functions and to prevent the outgrowth of pathogens. However, how the host selects and maintains a specialized microbiota remains largely unknown. In this viewpoint, we propose several strategies by which mucus may regulate the composition and function of the human microbiota and discuss how compromised mucus barriers in disease can give rise to microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin X Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chloe M Wu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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5
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Abstract
In previous work, our group discovered a phenomenon in which a mixed polymer-salt or mixed micellar aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) separates into its two constituent phases as it flows within paper. While these ATPSs worked well in their respective studies to concentrate the target biomarker and improve the sensitivity of the lateral-flow immunoassay, different ATPSs can be advantageous for new applications based on factors such as biomarker partitioning or biochemical compatibility between ATPS and sample components. However, since the mechanism of phase separation in porous media is not completely understood, introducing other ATPSs to paper is an unpredictable process that relies on trial and error experiments. This is especially true for polymer-polymer ATPSs in which the characteristics of the two phases appear quite similar. Therefore, our group aimed to develop semiquantitative guidelines for choosing ATPSs that can phase separate in paper. In this work, we evaluated the Washburn equation and its parameters as a potential mathematical framework to describe the flow behavior of polymer-salt and micellar ATPSs in fiberglass paper. We compared bulk phase fluid characteristics and identified the viscosity difference between the phases as a key determinant of the potential for phase separation in paper. We then used this parameter to predict the phase separation capabilities of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dextran ATPSs in paper and control the composition of the leading and lagging phases. We also, for the first time, successfully demonstrated the phase separation phenomenon in hydrogels, thereby extending its application and potential benefits to an alternative porous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Pereira
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chloe M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - So Youn Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eumene Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics & Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Wu CM, Shen JZ. [Antimicrobial resistance of animal-borne bacteria: progresses, challenges and strategies]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:340-343. [PMID: 29614597 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Zhang L, Li YR, Zhou LQ, Wu CM. Comparison study on the calculation formula of evaporation mass flux through the plane vapour-liquid interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/925/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Wu CC, Hsu CJ, Huang FL, Lin YH, Lin YH, Liu TC, Wu CM. Timing of cochlear implantation in auditory neuropathy patients with OTOF mutations: Our experience with 10 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 43:352-357. [PMID: 28766844 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C J Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - F L Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T C Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C M Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Mosley GL, Pereira DY, Han Y, Lee SY, Wu CM, Wu BM, Kamei DT. Improved lateral-flow immunoassays for chlamydia and immunoglobulin M by sequential rehydration of two-phase system components within a paper-based diagnostic. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Chiu RYT, Thach AV, Wu CM, Wu BM, Kamei DT. An Aqueous Two-Phase System for the Concentration and Extraction of Proteins from the Interface for Detection Using the Lateral-Flow Immunoassay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142654. [PMID: 26556593 PMCID: PMC4640584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper-based immunoassay for point-of-care diagnostics is widely used due to its low cost and portability over traditional lab-based assays. Lateral-flow immunoassay (LFA) is the most well-established paper-based assay since it is rapid and easy to use. However, the disadvantage of LFA is its lack of sensitivity in some cases where a large sample volume is required, limiting its use as a diagnostic tool. To improve the sensitivity of LFA, we previously reported on the concentration of analytes into one of the two bulk phases of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) prior to detection. In this study, we preserved the advantages of LFA while significantly improving upon our previous proof-of-concept studies by employing a novel approach of concentrating gold nanoparticles, a common LFA colorimetric indicator. By conjugating specific antibodies and polymers to the surfaces of the particles, these gold nanoprobes (GNPs) were able to capture target proteins in the sample and subsequently be concentrated within 10 min at the interface of an ATPS solution comprised of polyethylene glycol, potassium phosphate, and phosphate-buffered saline. These GNPs were then extracted and applied directly to LFA. By combining this prior ATPS interface extraction with LFA, the detection limit of LFA for a model protein was improved by 100-fold from 1 ng/μL to 0.01 ng/μL. Additionally, we examined the behavior of the ATPS system in fetal bovine serum and synthetic urine to more closely approach real-world applications. Despite using more complex matrices, ATPS interface extraction still improved the detection limit by 100-fold within 15 to 25 min, demonstrating the system’s potential to be applied to patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Y. T. Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alison V. Thach
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chloe M. Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics & Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Wu CM, Chen WJ, Zheng Y, Ma DC, Wang B, Liu JY, Woo CH. Controllability of vortex domain structure in ferroelectric nanodot: fruitful domain patterns and transformation paths. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3946. [PMID: 24492764 PMCID: PMC3912473 DOI: 10.1038/srep03946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric vortex domain structure which exists in low-dimensional ferroelectrics is being intensively researched for future applications in functional nanodevices. Here we demonstrate that adjusting surface charge screening in combination with temperature can provide an efficient way to gain control of vortex domain structure in ferroelectric nanodot. Systematical simulating experiments have been conducted to reveal the stability and evolution mechanisms of domain structure in ferroelectric nanodot under various conditions, including processes of cooling-down/heating-up under different surface charge screening conditions, and increasing/decreasing surface charge screening at different temperatures. Fruitful phase diagrams as functions of surface screening and temperature are presented, together with evolution paths of various domain patterns. Calculations discover up to 25 different kinds of domain patterns and 22 typical evolution paths of phase transitions. The fruitful controllability of vortex domain structure by surface charge screening in combination with temperature should shed light on prospective nanodevice applications of low-dimensional ferroelectric nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China [2] Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - D C Ma
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Zhuhai Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - B Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - J Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Micro&Nano Physics and Mechanics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - C H Woo
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Chung MH, Kuo EY, Wu CM, Chen KT, Lin HJ. Cerebral “eThrombosis”: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated with Prolonged Sitting in Front of a Computer. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791302000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism caused by prolonged sitting during air travel has been recognised as economy-class syndrome for more than 30 years. Since 2003, the term “eThrombosis” has been proposed to describe the 21st Century variant of venous thromboembolism associated with immobilisation. We reported a case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis presenting with severe headache after a prolonged period of sitting for over 12 hours in front of a computer for recreational purpose. We described this case as cerebral “eThrombosis”. Considering the widespread use of computers for many purposes including working, recreation and communications in the present digital era, we would like to put forward that prolonged immobilisation associated with computer use is a possible provoking risk factor of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - KT Chen
- Taipei Medical University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - HJ Lin
- Southern Tainan University of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Wu CM, Zhang HB, Zhou Q, Wan L, Jin J, Ni L, Pan YJ, Wu XY, Ruan LY. Two novel DAX1 gene mutations in Chinese patients with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita: clinical, hormonal and genetic analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e235-9. [PMID: 21270512 DOI: 10.3275/7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the DAX1 gene result in X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AHC). Affected boys usually present with primary adrenal failure in early infancy or childhood and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) at puberty. This paper describes the clinical, hormonal, radiological, and genetic characteristics of 2 Chinese patients with X-linked AHC. Primary adrenal insufficiency occurred in the 2 patients during their childhood and HH was recognized at puberty. Genomic DNA was extracted from their peripheral blood leukocytes and coding sequence abnormalities of the DAX1 gene were assessed by PCR and direct sequencing analysis. Genetic analysis of the DAX1 gene revealed 2 novel mutations c.572-575 dupGGGC, p.Thr193Gly,fs,205X and c.773- 774 dupCC, p.Ser259Pro,fs,264X in exon 1, causing frameshifts and yeilding premature stop codons at 205 and 264, respectively. This study identifies 2 novel mutations in the DAX1 gene which can further expand the mutation database and benefit patients in the diagnosis and treatment of AHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Liu LB, Wu CM, Wen J, Chen JL, Zheng MQ, Zhao GP. Association of SNPs in exon 2 of the MHC B-F gene with immune traits in two distinct chicken populations: Chinese Beijing-You and White Leghorn. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2009; 59:4-11. [PMID: 27453634 PMCID: PMC4936439 DOI: 10.1080/09064700902988905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antibody titers raised for vaccinations against avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) were higher in Chinese Beijing-You (BJY) than in White Leghorn (WL) (P < 0.001), but there was no breed difference in titers for sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Genotyping by PCR-SSCP identified seven haplotypes in WL and 17 in BJY. After sequencing PCR products (35 and 85, respectively), 43 (WL) and 47 (BJY) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the 264 bp of exon 2. In WL chickens, significant associations were found with antibody responses to AI (two SNPs), ND (six SNPs), and SRBC (one SNP), while in BJY there was association with responses to ND (two SNPs) and SRBC (two SNPs), but none with AI. These results indicate that the genomic region bearing exon 2 of the major histocompatibility complex B-F gene has significant effects on antibody responses to SRBC and vaccination against AI and ND. Different SNPs affected antibody titers for each of the antigens and they differed between these very distinct breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - C M Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - J Wen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - J L Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - M Q Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
| | - G P Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100094, China
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15
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Wu CM, Cao JL, Zheng MH, Ou Y, Zhang L, Zhu XQ, Song JX. Effect and mechanism of andrographolide on the recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to several antibiotics. J Int Med Res 2008; 36:178-86. [PMID: 18304418 DOI: 10.1177/147323000803600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectiveness and mechanism of action of andrographolide on the recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to antibiotics was investigated. In the presence of andrographolide, the Mueller-Hinton broth dilution method measured minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ceftazidine, cefpirome, chloramphenicol, L-ofloxacin, kanamycin, imipenem and meropenem. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mexB mRNA expressions in P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain and MexAB-OprM overexpressing strain. Relative mexB mRNA expression was detected in both strains incubated for 3 and 9 h. When andrographolide-treated groups were compared with controls, the MIC of ceftazidine, cefpirome, L-ofloxacin and meropenem for both strains decreased, and the relative mexB mRNA expression was significantly lower, although between andrographolide groups there were no significant differences. Compared with the inactivated quorum-sensing system, relative amounts of mexB mRNA in the PAO1 strain and MexAB-OprM overexpressing strain in the activated quorum-sensing system increased 10- and 30-fold, respectively. Andrographolide recovered P. aeruginosa susceptibility to antibiotics and reduced the MexAB-OprM efflux pump expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Fukui K, Morioka T, Nishio S, Kawamura T, Wu CM, Uesaka T, Yoshiura T, Sasaki M. [Multiple focal cortical dysplasias presenting with intractable epilepsy: case report]. No To Shinkei 2001; 53:961-7. [PMID: 11725507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
A 14-year-old female, who had intractable epilepsy associated with multiple focal cortical dysplasias (FCD), was reported. She developed intractable epilepsy at the age of 7 and was diagnosed as having frontal lobe epilepsy based on the seizure semiology and interictal EEG. MRI revealed multiple lesions in the right frontal, bilateral occipital and left parietal lobes. EEG demonstrated that ictal discharge was preceded by spike on the right frontal region and FDG-PET showed hypometabolic area in the right frontal lobe. Chronic subdural electrode recordings from the right frontal lobe indicated that ictal onset zone was located around the right frontal lesion, especially frontal tip and base, and these areas including the lesion were resected. Postoperatively, residual seizure was noted although seizure frequency was decreased. It is well known that, postoperatively, satisfactory seizure outcome can be obtained in patients with FCD. However, further investigation in terms of surgical indication and strategies for multiple FCD should be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fukui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability during sepsis with Escherichia coli or Streptococcus pneumoniae was examined in a mouse model and measured by a circulating beta-galactosidase tracer. The leakage of brain microvascular vessels during sepsis was confirmed by transmission electron microscopic examination of brain tissues stained with horseradish peroxidase. The increase of BBB permeability induced by E. coli and S. pneumoniae, which was maximal at 3 h and 12 h after injection, respectively, was transient because of rapid clearance of the bacteria from the blood. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was stained on microvascular vessels of the brain during sepsis and intravenous injection of recombinant TNF-alpha also increased the BBB permeability. The increase in BBB permeability induced by either E. coli or S. pneumoniae could be inhibited by anti-TNF-alpha antibody. It was concluded that circulating TNF-alpha generated during sepsis induced the increase in BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C M Wu
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, *Anatomy and †Paediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C C Liu
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, *Anatomy and †Paediatrics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Shieh SJ, Chiu HY, Shi GY, Wu CM, Wang JC, Chen CH, Wu HL. A novel platelet-rich arterial thrombosis model in rabbits. Simple, reproducible, and dynamic real-time measurement by using double-opposing inverted-sutures model. Thromb Res 2001; 103:363-76. [PMID: 11553369 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Though numerous animal thrombosis models have been introduced, an easy, reliable, and reproducible arterial thrombosis model remains a continuing challenge prior to a thrombolytic study. In an effort to evaluate the efficiency of various recombinant thrombolytic agents with specific affinity to activated platelets in vivo, we developed a novel double-opposing inverted-sutures model to create a platelet-rich thrombus in the femoral artery of rabbits. The arteriotomy was done semicircumferentially, and variously sized microsurgical sutures were introduced intraluminally in a double-opposing inverted manner. The animals were divided into three groups according to the double-opposing inverted-sutures used: Group 1 with 10-0 nylon (n=6), Group 2 with 9-0 nylon (n=6), and Group 3 with 8-0 nylon (n=22). The superficial epigastric branch was cannulated with a thin polyethylene (PE) tube for intraarterial administration of the studied thrombolytic agent. The blood flow was continuously measured with a real-time ultrasonic flow meter. Within 2 h of installation of the sutures, there was no thrombus formation in either Group 1 or 2. In Group 3, the thrombosis rate was 91% (20 of 22) under a steady baseline flow (with an average of 12.23+/-2.40 ml/min). It was highly statistically significant with a P-value of .0000743 using Fisher's Exact Test. The averaged time to thrombosis was 21.8+/-9.8 min. The ultrasonic flow meter to record the dynamic real-time measurement of blood flow was a guideline for thrombus formation or dissolution, which was correlated with the morphological findings of stenotic status of the vessel detected by the Doppler sonography. The components of the thrombus were proven to be platelet-rich predominant by histological examination via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To confirm that the double-opposing inverted-sutures model would be useful for a study of thrombolytic agents, we evaluated the effects of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and streptokinase-human plasminogen (SK-HPlg). The average time to thrombolysis post rt-PA infusion was 16.0+/-8.2 min and that of SK-HPlg was 79.6+/-23.1, which were similar to the previous reports. In conclusion, the novel double-opposing inverted-sutures (8-0 nylon) model provides a simple, reliable, and reproducible platelet-rich arterial thrombosis model with noninvasive and dynamic real-time measurement. It may be applied in assessing the efficiency of the recombinant thrombolytic agents and offers many advantages of an arterial platelet-rich in vivo thrombosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shieh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Ta Hsueh Road, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan, ROC
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19
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Wu CM, Inamura T, Ikezaki K, Nakamizo A, Inoha S, Yaosaka F, Fukui M. Efficacy of single-bolus vs. frequent low-dose treatment with nitrosourea in experimental gliomas. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:1835-8. [PMID: 11497267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glioma remains a fatal disease. Continuous or frequent low-dose (FLD) chemotherapy with nitrosoureas reportedly causes fewer side-effects than single-bolus therapy without decreasing the antitumour effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study the effect of FLD treatment with nimustine (ACNU) in rats with glioma, we intracerebrally inoculated with C6 glioma cells. We began the ACNU treatment 5 or 8 days later (total dose, 25 or 40 mg/kg) i.p. as either one bolus or smaller doses spread over 5 days week. RESULTS At a total dose of 25 mg/kg beginning at day 8, survival duration did not differ between untreated controls and the FLD group, while the bolus significantly prolonged survival; the FLD group showed some improvement beyond control survival at 40 mg/kg (each p <0.001). Beginning treatment after 5 rather than 8 days prolonged survival somewhat further. CONCLUSION FLD treatment with ACNU is less effective against experimental glioma in rats than bolus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
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20
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Abstract
The VA Medical Center in Washington, DC, was the nexus for a number of computerization projects that were initiated by the Department of Veterans Affairs. The culmination of these initiatives is a software package that presents the complete electronic patient record in an easy-to-use graphic user interface. This record combines text data from the legacy data base, diagnostic images from patient procedures, electrocardiograms from a commercial server, an Internet connection, and a hospital web site with pertinent reference information. The information is available in over 1000 places in the hospital and can be accessed remotely using a remote access server. The computerization of the medical record has improved hospital efficiency, has made physician access to patient information more reliable, has opened new opportunities for patient education, and has given healthcare providers more time to care for patients.
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Wu CM, Liu TJ, Huang CC, Hwang TL, Pan RL. Human progesterone receptor shows differential sensitivity to carboxyl group modifying agents when bound to agonist and antagonist ligands. Chang Gung Med J 2001; 24:151-8. [PMID: 11355082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of human uterine progesterone receptor (PR) in relation to its binding to synthetic steroids with known agonist (R5020) and antagonist (triamcinolone acetonide, T.A.) properties was studied in the presence of the specific carboxyl group modifiers, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and 1-ethyl-3-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). METHODS Uterine cytosol was treated with DCCD or EDC. The amounts of total bound were detected using the steroid binding measurements. The formation and transformation of progesterone-receptor complexes (PRc) were analyzed using sedimentation rate analysis. RESULTS Our studies show that the modification of the COOH group differentially influences the properties of mammalian PR binding with either R5020 or T.A. DCCD and EDC affect the steroid binding of PR by decreasing the binding sites, not by the changing the affinity. CONCLUSION Our studies indicate the importance of the carboxyl group in steroid binding by PR. This implies that both aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues, which have the carboxyl group, may play an important role when PR binds with steroid ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Shin Street, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. chimingwu@.cgmh.org.tw
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22
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Abstract
A mixture of soybean oil and/or water, sugar and/or monosodium glutamate (MSG) was water-boiled or oil-heated at 100, 120, 140, 160, or 170 degrees C, respectively, and volatile compounds produced were isolated by solid-phase microextraction and then identified by GC and GC/MS. Oxidative thermal degradation products of fatty acids (OTDPFA) were the major volatile compounds detected for all water-boiled samples. When MSG and sugar were heated together, 2, 5-dimethyl pyrazine and methyl pyrazine were also detected at or after 160 min heating. Water added in soybean oil increased OTDPFA production. In oil-heated samples of soybean oil alone, soybean oil with MSG, and soybean oil with sugar, OTDPFA were also the major compounds found. The samples containing MSG also produced 2-pyrrolidone, and the samples containing sugar also produced furfural and 5-hydroxy methyl furfural. The samples containing soybean oil, sugar, and MSG produced 23 pyrazines, OTDPFA, and gamma-butyrolactone as the major volatile compounds. The contents of OTDPFA were lower in MSG plus sugar and MSG-added samples, and it is postulated that antioxidant activities were produced in cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Tingyi (Cayman Island) Holding Corp., TEDA Tianjin, China.
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23
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Abstract
A new, to our knowledge, heterodyne interferometer for differential displacement measurements is presented. It is, in principle, free of periodic nonlinearity. A pair of spatially separated light beams with different frequencies is produced by two acousto-optic modulators, avoiding the main source of periodic nonlinearity in traditional heterodyne interferometers that are based on a Zeeman split laser. In addition, laser beams of the same frequency are used in the measurement and the reference arms, giving the interferometer theoretically perfect immunity from common-mode displacement. We experimentally demonstrated a residual level of periodic nonlinearity of less than 20 pm in amplitude. The remaining periodic error is attributed to unbalanced ghost reflections that drift slowly with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Building 221, Room A141, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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24
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Chiou CJ, Wu CM, Wang RH, Lee ST. [Utilizing the PRECEDE model to predict health examination behavior of the elderly]. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999; 15:348-58. [PMID: 10441942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Health examination of the elderly in Taiwan, the reported rates of health examination of the elderly were always below 30%. In order to explore the predictors related to the behavior of health examination of the elderly, the PRECEDE model was adopted for this study. Both the 1200 participants and spare samples were recruited from eleven districts of Kaohsiung city. 1193 participants had been completed by home interview. Sample size was based on the distribution of the elderly in the whole city and the stratified sampling method was applied. There was no significant difference after comparing the rates of gender, age, and examination between sample and population. The results showed that seven factors could be used to predict the behavior of health examination of the elderly. In the individual predisposing factors, "numbers of chronic diseases", "knowledge of health examination", "previous health examination", and "health promotion behavior" were related to the behavior of health examination of the elderly. In reinforcing factors, "attitude of family members for health examination", and in enabling factors "the guide and the convenience of health-examined services" also showed significantly affecting examination behavior. Therefore, referring to the improvement to be the examination rate, we can intervene or do something through academic, practical and administrative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chiou
- School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0801, USA
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26
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Wu SG, Lin SL, Wu CM, Jeng FR, Su CZ. Optimal control of blood pressure can reverse left ventricular hypertrophy in uremic hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1999; 15:62-8. [PMID: 10089714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of antihypertensive treatment on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of long-term hemodialysis patients. In uremic patients, it is still controversial in antihypertensive effect to the regression of LVH. The left ventricular size and function of 39 uremic hypertensive long-term hemodialysis patients (27 men, 12 women, mean age 58.3) was evaluated with M-mode, 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography before, and 12 months after, the start of combined antihypertensive therapy. This therapy included angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers and calcium antagonists. Patients were classified as responders or nonresponders, depending upon whether their systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by more than 10 mmHg after antihypertensive treatment for 12 months. Before treatment, 36 (92%) patients had LVH and diastolic dysfunction and three (8%) had systolic dysfunction. At the end of 12 months, only 25 (64%) patients had LVH, 30 (77%) had diastolic dysfunction and 2 (5%) had systolic dysfunction. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) also decreased from 203.63 +/- 70.47 g/m2 to 178.57 +/- 67.31 g/m2. LVMI correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) but did not correlate with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). There were 26 responders and 13 non-responders. Among responders, both the SBP (153.91 +/- 13.24 mmHg vs 134.43 +/- 14.21 mmHg, p < 0.01) and DBP (90.39 +/- 7.89 mmHg vs 79.98 +/- 7.35 mmHg, p < 0.01) decreased significantly after antihypertensive therapy. Responders also exhibited progressive regression of LVH (LVMI decreased significantly from 208.52 +/- 72.03 g/m2 to 168.52 +/- 55.53 g/m2, p < 0.05). However, LVH regression was not found in nonresponders (LVMI showed 194.84 +/- 64.36 g/m2 vs 193.66 +/- 77.67 g/m2). We conclude that good control of blood pressure can reverse LVH in hypertensive hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal General Hospital for Women and Children, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Wu CM, Fishman EK, Hruban RK, Schlott WD, Cameron JL. Serous cystic neoplasm involving the pancreas and liver: an unusual clinical entity. Abdom Imaging 1999; 24:75-7. [PMID: 9933679 DOI: 10.1007/s002619900445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Serous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas is typically considered to represent a benign pancreatic neoplasm. We present a case where the tumor displayed unusually aggressive behavior with metastatic disease to the liver and pancreatic bed. Although serous cystic neoplasms should be considered a benign lesion and will be cured in most cases by surgical excision, the radiologist should be aware that on occasion they can exhibit aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Steet, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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28
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Abstract
The periodic nonlinearity that arises from nonideal laser sources and imperfections of optical components limits the accuracy of displacement measurements in heterodyne interferometry at the nanometer level. An analytical approach to investigating the nonlinearity is presented. Frequency mixing, polarization mixing, polarization-frequency mixing, and ghost reflections are all included in this investigation. A general form for the measurement signal, including that of the distortions, is given. The analytical approach is also applicable to homodyne interferometry.
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29
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Abstract
The common sites of metastasis from breast carcinoma include local and distant lymph nodes, lung parenchyma, bone, liver and brain. While less common, gastrointestinal carcinoma, involving everything from the tip of the tongue to the rectum, secondary to metastatic breast carcinoma have been reported. Many of these lesions occur years after treatment of the primary breast cancer and they can be confused with a second primary. We present a case of breast cancer metastatic to the esophagus which produced symptoms of progressive dysphagia in a women thirteen years after mastectomy and radiation therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-0801, USA
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30
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Wu CM, Davis F, Fishman EK. Radiologic evaluation of the acute abdomen in the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): the role of CT scanning. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 1998; 19:190-9. [PMID: 9567323 DOI: 10.1016/s0887-2171(98)90060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal complaints are common in the HIV-infected patient, and the signs and symptoms of disease may be masked by concurrent illness and a weak immune response, making accurate diagnosis difficult. Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are susceptible to diseases common to the general population; however, their generalized state of immunodeficiency places them at increased risk for many unusual disorders, predominately infectious and neoplastic. Radiologic evaluation, in particular, computed tomography (CT) with its ability to image the entire abdomen and pelvis, plays a crucial role in the prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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31
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Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are infrequent complications of HIV infection in this country. However, AIDS patients are susceptible to a wide range of musculoskeletal complications, from the common to the otherwise uncommon. The following is a summary of some of the more frequently encountered musculoskeletal manifestations of these disorders within the HIV-positive community and their associated imaging characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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32
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Lin LI, Lee PH, Wu CM, Lin JK. Significance of nm23 mRNA expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Anticancer Res 1998; 18:541-6. [PMID: 9568175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been proposed that nm23-H1, a candidate suppressor gene for metastasis, plays an important role in the metastasis of human tumors. In order to investigate its role in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 18 matched pairs of tumorous and adjacent nontumorous liver tissues of hepatectomy from patients with HCC were studied by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Further analyses of the nm23-H1 gene were also done. The results of these molecular studies were correlated with the clinicopathologic features of the patients. Nm23-H1 transcript was expressed in all neoplastic and adjacent nontumorous liver tissue. The level of expression, however, did not correlate well with the extension or metastatic potential of the tumors. Instead, in 15 (83.3%) of 18 HCC, nm23-H1 expression was higher in the tumorous tissues, compared with the adjacent nontumorous tissues; and significantly higher levels of nm23-H1 mRNA expression was detected in HCC with poor differentiation (Edmonson classification, III and IV) than those with moderate differentiation (I and II). Southern blot analysis of nm23-H1 gene revealed neither amplification nor loss of heterozygosity of all HCC tissues examined. Direct sequencing of the nm23-H1 gene in all HCC tissues detected no mutations. Our findings suggested that increased nm23-H1 mRNA expression is correlated with HCC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Lin
- School of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Feng D, Wong KP, Wu CM, Siu WC. A technique for extracting physiological parameters and the required input function simultaneously from PET image measurements: theory and simulation study. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 1997; 1:243-54. [PMID: 11020827 DOI: 10.1109/4233.681168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important tool for enabling quantification of human brain function. However, quantitative studies using tracer kinetic modeling require the measurement of the tracer time-activity curve in plasma (PTAC) as the model input function. It is widely believed that the insertion of arterial lines and the subsequent collection and processing of the biomedical signal sampled from the arterial blood are not compatible with the practice of clinical PET, as it is invasive and exposes personnel to the risks associated with the handling of patient blood and radiation dose. Therefore, it is of interest to develop practical noninvasive measurement techniques for tracer kinetic modeling with PET. In this paper, a technique is proposed to extract the input function together with the physiological parameters from the brain dynamic images alone. The identifiability of this method is tested rigorously by using Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the proposed method is able to quantify all the required parameters by using the information obtained from two or more regions of interest (ROI's) with very different dynamics in the PET dynamic images. There is no significant improvement in parameter estimation for the local cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (LCMRGlc) if the number of ROI's are more than three. The proposed method can provide very reliable estimation of LCMRGlc, which is our primary interest in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Australia.
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34
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Abstract
The effects of a Chinese herb, Cornus officinalis, on the motility of human sperm was studied. An aqueous extract was prepared from the dried fruits of the herb and used in this study. The crude extract at a final concentration of 0.5 microgram/microliter in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) increased sperm motility from 25.8 +/- 7.7% to 42.8 +/- 10.3% (i.e. 68% increase, n = 7), as determined by the computer-aided-sperm-analysis (CASA) method. The crude extract was fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into four fractions: C1, C2, C3 and C4. Their effects on sperm motility were further studied by CASA. Only the C4 fraction showed substantial stimulatory effects on sperm motility. At a concentration of 5 ng/microliter, C4 increased the sperm motility from 15.7 +/- 3.8% to 34.5 +/- 6.4% (i.e. 120% increase, n = 6) by CASA and from 14.9 +/- 4.3 to 28.5 +/- 8.1 (i.e. 91% increase, n = 8) by transmembrane migration ratio (TMMR) method. This result suggests that C4 is the active component in Cornus officinalis that enhances sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jeng
- Department of Anatomy, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan
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35
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Huang BM, Stocco DM, Li PH, Yang HY, Wu CM, Norman RL. Corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in MA-10 mouse cells. Biol Reprod 1997; 57:547-51. [PMID: 9282989 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod57.3.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) treatment of MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells results in a dose-dependent stimulation of progesterone production. In view of this observation we wished to determine the effects of CRH on the synthesis of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in these cells. StAR is a steroidogenic tissue-specific, hormone-induced, rapidly synthesized protein previously shown to be involved in the acute regulation of steroidogenesis, probably by promoting the transfer of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane and the cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme. Treatment of MA-10 cells with the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in the levels of StAR protein that reached a maximum at 800 microM dbcAMP and within a time period of 6 h. Further, treatment of MA-10 cells with CRH also resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the synthesis of the StAR protein with a maximal response observed at 1 microM. Slightly different from that observed with dbcAMP, the maximal response to 1 microM CRH was seen at 4 h following stimulation. These results indicate that the observed increase in steroid production in response to CRH in MA-10 Leydig tumor cells is similar to that previously seen with trophic hormone stimulation acting through the cAMP second messenger pathway, and that it occurs as a result of an increase in the synthesis of the StAR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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36
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Abstract
We have identified an early-appearing intermediate filament-associated protein (IFAP-70/280 kDa) in radial glia and their immediate derivatives. This IFAP is absent in the adult CNS. In this study, we examined the reexpression of this early glial differentiation trait in rat reactive astrocytes induced by stab injury of the cerebrum. Double-label immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that by 36 h postlesion, IFAP-70/280 kDa was present in a few GFAP-positive astrocytes in the area adjacent to the wound. As the gliotic reaction progressed, the number of IFAP-positive reactive astrocytes increased and by 5-6 days postlesion, IFAP-70/280 kDa was present in most of the hypertrophied astrocytes in tissue immediately adjacent to the wound. By 8 days postlesion, while the number of IFAP-negative reactive astrocytes away from the wound diminished, the IFAP-containing reactive astrocytes close to the wound persisted. Concurrently, they began to change from a stellate form to an elongated shape, with their longitudinal axes radiating from the wound. The immunoreactivity of this IFAP started to diminish at 20 days postlesion, and by 30 days postlesion, it was not observed in the remaining gliotic cells. These results demonstrate that reactive astrocytes induced by stab-wound injury can be divided into two subtypes: persistent IFAP-70/280 kDa-containing cells which are close to the wound in the area of the glial scar and transient IFAP-70/280 kDa-negative cells which are farther from the wound. The reappearance of IFAP-70/280 kDa also suggests that some reactive astrocytes have the capacity to recapitulate early developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yang
- Department of Anatomy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA
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37
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Chu D, Shi PK, Wu CM. Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for treatment of hyperhidrosis palmaris. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1997; 13:162-8. [PMID: 9109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of modified transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy (TES) being used in our institute for treatment of hyperhidrosis palmaris (HP). One hundred and eight cases of HP were treated using TES from June 1991 to June 1992. All underwent TES bilaterally. Palmar temperature was monitored during the operation as an indicator of a successful lesioning of the sympathetic trunk at the T2-level. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 to 61 years. Fifty-one percent of these patients had a positive family history. Seventy-three percent had onset during childhood. Eighty-nine percent had excessive plantar sweating in addition to hyperhidrosis palmaris. The increase in palmar temperature after lesioning the sympathetic trunk was inversely related to the preoperative temperature of the palms (r = 0.81, p < 0.005). Our treatment resulted in improvement of palmar sweating in all of the patients. Decrease of plantar sweating was also noted in 68% of the patients at follow up. No neurological deficits were found. Transient post-operative chest discomfort and compensatory hyperhidrosis (87%) were the most common complications. TES is an effective method for treating patients with HP, with a shorter operation time, fewer hospital days, and a better cosmetic result, as compared with the dorsal approach for thoracic sympathectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Municipal Jen-Ai Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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38
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Wu CM, Zheng HY, Ren YL. [Immune interference of enteroviruses to immune response of TOPV in subtroptical areas]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1996; 17:233-5. [PMID: 9387590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To study whether enteroviruses interfere with the immunoeffect of TOPV in subtroptical areas, a total number of 188 children were investigated 82 in summer, 106 in winter in two townships of Hui Dong County from 1992 to 1993. The carrier rates of enteroviruses and serum nutralization antibody titres of polio were tested before and after the children were vaccinated with TOPV. Data showed that the GMTs of poliovirus type I, II, III in winter were 2 to 7.1 times as much as those in summer after administration of one and three doses TOPV. Enterovirus carrier rates were 75.6% and 38.8% respectively in summer and winter before vaccination in health children. The GMTs of polio serum antibody in children without enteroviruses was 1.5 to 1.7 times as much as the GMTs of those with enteroviruses, and the difference was statistically significant. Overall, the results demonstrated that enterovirus infection interfered the immune response of vaccinates to TOPV to some extent. It was also suggested that supplemental immunization was the key measure in polio eradication program and should be conducted in winter or spring seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Health and Epidemic Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou
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39
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Arenberg IK, Wu CM. Fluorescein as an easy, low-cost, indirect, or reverse intraoperative marker to rule out perilymph versus local injection. Am J Otol 1996; 17:259-62. [PMID: 8723958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Clear fluid found in the dependent portions of the middle ear (round and oval windows) is generally assumed to be perilymph (PL). However, all clear fluid observed at middle ear exploration is not necessarily PL. PL should be distinguished from local injection. An accumulation of the local injection could be confused with perilymph fistula (PLF) diagnosis. There is no standard way of distinguishing perilymph from local injection, as both are clear, watery fluids. Fluorescein, tagged with a mixture of xylocaine and epinephrine (FLOTAX) was used as the local injection in 10 patients undergoing middle ear exploration for possible PLF.FLOTAX was injected into the vascular strip and ear canal skin in routine fashion. Transtympanic endoscopy and special Zeiss custom fluorescein filters were used to document any accumulation of fluid in the dependent portions of the middle ear and confirm whether any fluorescein (from the FLOTAX) was present. The middle ear was checked both before (endoscopically) and after raising the tympanomeatal flap. After the "local" injection, FLOTAX was observed to accumulate in dependent portions of the middle ear before raising the tympanomeatal flap in six of 10 ears. In the other four ears, FLOTAX slowly seeped into the middle ear cleft after the tympanomeatal flap was elevated and manipulated. Fluorescein can be used as an inexpensive, indirect intraoperative marker or "reverse test" for possible PLF. By eliminating a likely and common offender (local injection), any accumulation or reaccumulation of clear fluid that is not fluorescein tagged may more confidently be identified as possibly perilymph. The use of FLOTAX helps eliminate the confusion between the local injection and potential PLF. It does not in any way eliminate the possibility of other transudates from incisions, allergic reactions, or other manipulation of the tympanomeatal flap or middle ear mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- I K Arenberg
- International Meniere's Disease Research Institute, Colorado Neurological Institute/Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, CO 80110, USA
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40
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Liu CM, Wu CM, Lee CY, Lee TC, Su CY. [Brain abscess as a complication of ear malignancy: a case report]. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1995; 18:409-12. [PMID: 8851995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ear infection is the most common cause of brain abscess. A suppurative process in the ear has access to the central nervous system by direct extension or through preformed pathways, either developmental, traumatic or pathologic, or by retrograde spread along the thromobophlebitic vein. Squamous cell carcinoma of middle ear or mastoid cavity is a rare disease and often associated with chronic otitis or chronic draining ear. Ear malignancy easily produces the destruction of temporal bone which may serve as a route for coexistent infection spreading into the brain. This paper reports a case of brain abscess occurring in a patient with temporal bone cancer. To the best of our knowledge, no more than three similar cases have been reported in the literature. The authors suggest that if an otogenic brain abscess is concomitant with infection and granulomatous mass in the ear, biopsy should be performed to rule out malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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41
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Zhang G, Honkanen S, Tervonen A, Wu CM, Najafi SI. Glass integrated optics circuit for 1.48/1.55- and 1.30/1.55-µm-wavelength division multiplexing and 1/8 splitting. Appl Opt 1994; 33:3371-3374. [PMID: 20885713 DOI: 10.1364/ao.33.003371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the integration, in a single glass substrate, of a 1.48/1.55-µm-wavelength multiplexer and a 1.30/1.55-µm-wavelength multiplexer followed by a 1/8 splitter by using potassium- and silver-double-ion-exchange processes. The wavelength multiplexers are based on nonsymmetric three-port Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and symmetrical Y junctions are used for achromatic splitting. The facet-to-facet excess loss in both the 1.48/1.55-µm multiplexer and in the integrated 1.30/1.55-µ m multiplexer and 1/8 splitter is less than 2.7 dB. The device can be used, in connection with an erbium-doped fiber, in future wavelength division multiplexing subscriber networks in which amplification is needed in the 1.55-µm-wavelength region.
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42
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Wu CM, Lee DH, Hong YC, Wen DW, Chou CF, Chung MT. Changes of respiratory chain enzyme activities in growing rat muscle mitochondria. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1994; 35:113-8. [PMID: 8184686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The activities of three mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, namely rotenone sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase (NCCR), succinate-cytochrome c reductase (SCCR), and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in the extensor digitorum longus muscle were determined in Wistar rats, twenty each, at 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 and 26 weeks of age. The activity of NCCR was extremely low from birth up to 10 weeks of age. The activity of SCCR was stable at 64% to 72% during the first 6 weeks of life and increased to 78% of the adult level at 10 weeks of age. The CCO activity was only 52% of the adult level at 3 weeks of age, increased to 78% to 86% during the next 3 weeks and reached 92% at 10 weeks of age which was not statistically different from the adult level. We conclude that the activities of these 3 respiratory chain enzymes, in muscle mitochondria in rats, were low during development and reached the adult levels at various ages. Before the normal values of these enzyme activities can be established in human pediatric population, age-matched control should be used as the reference value for evaluation of mitochondrial myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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43
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Wang KF, Wu CM, Wu LJ, Tsang SC, Chen HM, Hong YC. [Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis: report of one case]. Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1993; 34:412-7. [PMID: 8237362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hemophilus aphrophilus, a gram negative, capnophilic slow growing bacillus, is a rarely recognized pathogen in meningitis and is most frequently seen in patients with either endocarditis or brain abscess. This article reported one case with Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis. A 10-year-old boy presented at the emergency room with chief complaint of fever for 2 days and sudden onset of loss of consciousness. Hemophilus aphrophilus was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Aqueous penicillin and chloramphenicol were given for three weeks. The patient discharged without any sequelae. Three months later, fever and consciousness disturbance were noted again. No pathogen was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid and blood culture this time, but CSF finding was consistent with bacterial meningitis. Aqueous penicillin and chloramphenicol were readministered for 30 days. The patient recovered smoothly. Because the patient had no history of CSF rhinorrhea or hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrence of the bacterial meningitis could be due to incomplete treatment during the first admission. Brain computed tomography (CT) done during the two admissions showed focal cortical enhancement in the fronto-temporo-parietal region. This is presumed to indicate infarction over these regions. The findings of brain CT are in accordance with the development of hemiplegia in the patient. It is still unknown, however, whether Hemophilus aphrophilus meningitis also causes a higher incidence of brain infarction, which was frequently noted in patients with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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44
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Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of external ear canal schwannoma in the English literature. Several detailed clinical and pathological features were demonstrated. We suggest that if a tender, encapsulated mass is found in the external ear canal, the diagnosis of schwannoma should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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45
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Wang TC, Wu CM, Sun LS, Chiang TC. [Giant cystic hygroma: a case report]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1993; 51:479-481. [PMID: 8281498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cystic hygromas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system appearing as single or multiloculated, fluid-filled cavities found mainly in the neck and axilla region. Antenatal ultrasound examination done in this case showed a suspicious giant cystic mass over the neck and chest area. At birth, the mass turned out to be a rare giant cystic hygroma measuring about 25cm x 26cm covering neck, anterior chest, axilla, proximal right upper limb, upper abdomen and upper back area. Because of some compromise to the infant's breathing, an emergency resection was done, and the infant tolerated the procedure well. Pathology report confirmed the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Wang
- Department of Pediatreics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital
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46
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Wu CM, Matsuoka T, Takemitsu M, Goto Y, Nonaka I. An experimental model of mitochondrial myopathy: germanium-induced myopathy and coenzyme Q10 administration. Muscle Nerve 1992; 15:1258-64. [PMID: 1488063 DOI: 10.1002/mus.880151107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscles from rats treated with germanium for 23 weeks, there were numerous ragged-red fibers and cytochrome-c oxidase (COX)-deficient fibers. Biochemically, germanium reduced the enzyme activities in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Rotenone-sensitive NADH-cytochrome-c reductase as well as COX activities were markedly reduced, while succinate-cytochrome-c reductase was less severely, but significantly, affected. The histopathological findings in these muscles were similar to those seen in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, suggesting that germanium-induced myopathy may be a useful experimental model. Coenzyme Q10 administration appeared to be ineffective in preventing this experimental myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Wu
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Koch BM, Wu CM, Randolph J, Eng GD. Heterotopic ossification in children with burns: two case reports. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73:1104-6. [PMID: 1444778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification is the formation of ectopic bone in soft tissue, and has been reported as a rare complication in pediatric burn patients. At our hospital, two 86% body surface area burn patients developed heterotopic ossification in the shoulder, elbows, distal femur, proximal tibia, fibula, and ribs approximately four months after the burn injury. These two rare and unusual cases are presented documenting the clinical involvement, radiological studies, laboratory data, as well as treatment of their heterotopic ossification. Discussion will focus on the incidence, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of heterotopic ossification in burn patients and how this information relates to the specific diagnosis and management of the complication of heterotopic ossification in the burn child.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Koch
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010-2970
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48
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Abstract
The authors describe a patient with a cervical cystic mass present for 14 years which proved to be a cystic metastasis from a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland. This is probably the first case report of a long-term lateral cervical cyst caused by an occult thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Hwang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chang Gang Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Hsein, Taiwan, R.O.C
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49
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Lee LS, Shih YH, Chiu WT, Lin LS, Wu CM, Wang YC, Huang JS, Hung CC, Shih CJ, Laporte RE. [Epidemiologic study of head injuries in Taipei City, Taiwan]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1992; 50:219-25. [PMID: 1330249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the descriptive epidemiology of head injuries in an urban population in the Taiwan area, Taipei City, during the period from July 1, 1987 to June 30, 1988. Clinical records reviewed included emergency room (ER) charts, inpatient charts of 19 major hospitals, death registration forms and medical examiners' reports in this city. A formulated definition was used to identify patients with head injuries. A total of 4,692 cases were collected, which included 4,319 hospital inpatients and 373 non-hospital deaths. The average incidence rate for head injury was 180/100,000 per year, 246/100,000 for males and 111/100,000 for females. The highest incidence rate was observed in the elderly group followed by the age group of 20-29 years. Sixty eight percent of the head injuries were caused by traffic accidents, 59.7 percent of which were involved in motorcycle rides. This rate was higher than those in any western reports. Among the 10-39 age group, the head injuries caused by traffic accidents were mainly due to motorcycle accidents. However, most of the children and the elderly who were injured were either pedestrians or bicycle riders. The average mortality rate was 23/100,000 per year, 34/100,000 for males and 12/100,000 for females. Initially the Glasgow Coma Scale was used in assessing the severity of head injuries. Seventy-two percent of the cases were considered mild, and 28 percent moderate to severe in degree, including 609 deaths.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lee
- Head & Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, Neurological Society, R.O.C
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50
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Peng HL, Wang PY, Wu CM, Hwang DC, Chang HY. Cloning, sequencing and heterologous expression of a Klebsiella pneumoniae gene encoding an FAD-independent acetolactate synthase. Gene 1992; 117:125-30. [PMID: 1644303 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90500-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the valine-resistant and FAD-independent acetolactate synthase of Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of this gene was determined and it exhibited an open reading frame of 1680 bp in length. In vivo expression of the acetolactate synthase-encoding gene in E. coli revealed a single 60-kDa protein which is consistent with the molecular weight calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product. The gene product shares about 20-30% homology with the acetolactate synthases of E. coli, yeast and higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang-Gung Medical College, Taiwan, ROC
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