1
|
Kodaka M, Kikuchi A, Kawahira K, Kamada H, Katsuta R, Ishigami K, Suzuki T, Yamamoto Y, Inoue J. Identification of a novel target of sulforaphane: Sulforaphane binds to acyl-protein thioesterase 2 (APT2) and attenuates its palmitoylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150244. [PMID: 38905785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFaN) is a food-derived compound with several bioactive properties, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity treatment. However, the mechanisms by which SFaN exerts its various effects are still unclear. To elucidate the mechanisms of the various effects of SFaN, we explored novel SFaN-binding proteins using SFaN beads and identified acyl protein thioesterase 2 (APT2). We also found that SFaN binds to the APT2 via C56 residue and attenuates the palmitoylation of APT2, thereby reducing plasma membrane localization of APT2. This study reveals a novel bioactivity of SFaN as a regulator of APT2 protein palmitoylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manami Kodaka
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akito Kikuchi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Kawahira
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Haruhiko Kamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ryo Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ken Ishigami
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Suzuki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jun Inoue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Harris WT, Altieri I, Gieck I, Johnson RJ. A conserved but structurally divergent loop in acyl protein thioesterase 1 regulates its catalytic activity, ligand binding, and folded stability. Proteins 2024; 92:693-704. [PMID: 38179877 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Human acyl protein thioesterases (APTs) catalyze the depalmitoylation of S-acylated proteins attached to the plasma membrane, facilitating reversible cycles of membrane anchoring and detachment. We previously showed that a bacterial APT homologue, FTT258 from the gram-negative pathogen Francisella tularensis, exists in equilibrium between a closed and open state based on the structural dynamics of a flexible loop overlapping its active site. Although the structural dynamics of this loop are not conserved in human APTs, the amino acid sequence of this loop is highly conserved, indicating essential but divergent functions for this loop in human APTs. Herein, we investigated the role of this loop in regulating the catalytic activity, ligand binding, and protein folding of human APT1, a depalmitoylase connected with cancer, immune, and neurological signaling. Using a combination of substitutional analysis with kinetic, structural, and biophysical characterization, we show that even in its divergent structural location in human APT1 that this loop still regulates the catalytic activity of APT1 through contributions to ligand binding and substrate positioning. We confirmed previously known roles for multiple residues (Phe72 and Ile74) in substrate binding and catalysis while adding new roles in substrate selectivity (Pro69), in catalytic stabilization (Asp73 and Ile75), and in transitioning between the membrane binding β-tongue and substrate-binding loops (Trp71). Even conservative substitution of this tryptophan (Trp71) fulcrum led to complete loss of catalytic activity, a 13°C decrease in total protein stability, and drastic drops in ligand affinity, indicating that the combination of the size, shape, and aromaticity of Trp71 are essential to the proper structure of APT1. Mixing buried hydrophobic surface area with contributions to an exposed secondary surface pocket, Trp71 represents a previously unidentified class of essential tryptophans within α/β hydrolase structure and a potential allosteric binding site within human APTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Trey Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Isabelle Altieri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Isabella Gieck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - R Jeremy Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
S Mesquita F, Abrami L, Linder ME, Bamji SX, Dickinson BC, van der Goot FG. Mechanisms and functions of protein S-acylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:488-509. [PMID: 38355760 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, protein S-acylation (often referred to as S-palmitoylation) has emerged as an important regulator of vital signalling pathways. S-Acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that involves the attachment of a fatty acid to a protein. Maintenance of the equilibrium between protein S-acylation and deacylation has demonstrated profound effects on various cellular processes, including innate immunity, inflammation, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism, as well as on brain and heart function. This Review provides an overview of current understanding of S-acylation and deacylation enzymes, their spatiotemporal regulation by sophisticated multilayered mechanisms, and their influence on protein function, cellular processes and physiological pathways. Furthermore, we examine how disruptions in protein S-acylation are associated with a broad spectrum of diseases from cancer to autoinflammatory disorders and neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco S Mesquita
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurine E Linder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shernaz X Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - F Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez-Beamonte R, Barranquero C, Gascón S, Mariño J, Arnal C, Estopañán G, Rodriguez-Yoldi MJ, Surra JC, Martín-Belloso O, Odriozola-Serrano I, Orman I, Segovia JC, Osada J, Navarro MÁ. Effect of virgin olive oil as spreadable preparation on atherosclerosis compared to dairy butter in Apoe-deficient mice. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01029-8. [PMID: 38787512 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Olive oil is the main source of lipid energy in the Mediterranean diet and there is strong evidence of its health benefits. The effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in the form of a preparation of spreadable virgin olive oil (S-VO) on the progression of atheroma plaques was investigated in Apoe-deficient mice, a model of accelerated atherosclerosis. METHODS Two isocaloric Western purified diets containing 20% fat, either as S-VO or as dairy butter, were used to feed 28 males and 16 females of two-month-old Apoe-deficient mice for 12 weeks. S-VO was prepared by blending more than 75% virgin olive oil with other vegetal natural fat to obtain a solid fat. Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were measured. Hepatic lipid droplets were analyzed. Areas of atherosclerotic aortic lesions were quantified in cross-sectional images of the proximal aorta and en face analysis of the whole aorta. RESULTS Total plasma cholesterol was increased in mice on the butter-supplemented diet in both female and male mice compared to S-VO, and the ratio of TC/HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in S-VO than in the butter diet, although only in males, and no differences in plasma triglycerides were observed. No significant differences in hepatic lipid droplets were observed between diets in either sex. Aortic lesion areas were significantly higher in mice consuming the butter versus the S-VO diet in both sexes. CONCLUSION Extra virgin olive oil prepared in spreadable form maintained the delay in atheroma plaque progression compared to butter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Oliberus, Campus Iberus, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Gascón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- Illes Balears, Instituto de Medicina Legal de Las Islas Baleares, E-07003, Palma, Spain
| | - Juan Mariño
- Las Arbequinas de Rosalía, Monesma de San Juan, 22415, Huesca, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- Oliberus, Campus Iberus, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gloria Estopañán
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Saragossa, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodriguez-Yoldi
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología , Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013, Saragossa, Spain
- Oliberus, Campus Iberus, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín Carlos Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- Oliberus, Campus Iberus, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olga Martín-Belloso
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Alimentos Funcionales, Campus Iberus, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Odriozola-Serrano
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Alimentos Funcionales, Campus Iberus, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Israel Orman
- Cell Technology Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Cell Therapy Unit., Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Carlos Segovia
- Cell Technology Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), CIEMAT/CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Cell Therapy Unit., Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Ángeles Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Saragossa, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Oliberus, Campus Iberus, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Keenan EK, Bareja A, Lam Y, Grimsrud PA, Hirschey MD. Cysteine S-acetylation is a post-translational modification involved in metabolic regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595030. [PMID: 38826225 PMCID: PMC11142221 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cysteine is a reactive amino acid central to the catalytic activities of many enzymes. It is also a common target of post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as palmitoylation. This longchain acyl PTM can modify cysteine residues and induce changes in protein subcellular localization. We hypothesized that cysteine could also be modified by short-chain acyl groups, such as cysteine S-acetylation. To test this, we developed sample preparation and non-targeted mass spectrometry protocols to analyze the mouse liver proteome for cysteine acetylation. Our findings revealed hundreds of sites of cysteine acetylation across multiple tissue types, revealing a previously uncharacterized cysteine acetylome. Cysteine acetylation shows a marked cytoplasmic subcellular localization signature, with tissue-specific acetylome patterns and specific changes upon metabolic stress. This study uncovers a novel aspect of cysteine biochemistry, highlighting short-chain modifications alongside known long-chain acyl PTMs. These findings enrich our understanding of the landscape of acyl modifications and suggest new research directions in enzyme activity regulation and cellular signaling in metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Keith Keenan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Akshay Bareja
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Yannie Lam
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| | - Matthew D. Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27701
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham NC 27710
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang N, Zhang J, Yang Y, Shan H, Hou S, Fang H, Ma M, Chen Z, Tan L, Xu D. A palmitoylation-depalmitoylation relay spatiotemporally controls GSDMD activation in pyroptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:757-769. [PMID: 38538834 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the executor of pyroptosis, which is important for host defence against pathogen infection. Following activation, caspase-mediated cleavage of GSDMD releases an amino-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT), which oligomerizes and forms pores in the plasma membrane, leading to cell death and release of proinflammatory cytokines. The spatial and temporal regulation of this process in cells remains unclear. Here we identify GSDMD as a substrate for reversible S-palmitoylation on C192 during pyroptosis. The palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC7 palmitoylates GSDMD to direct its cleavage by caspases. Subsequently, palmitoylation of GSDMD-NT promotes its translocation to the plasma membrane, where APT2 depalmitoylates GSDMD-NT to unmask the C192 residue and promote GSDMD-NT oligomerization. Perturbation of either palmitoylation or depalmitoylation suppresses pyroptosis, leading to increased survival of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced lethal septic shock and increased sensitivity to bacterial infection. Our findings reveal a model through which a palmitoylation-depalmitoylation relay spatiotemporally controls GSDMD activation during pyroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengyue Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouqiao Hou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Fang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giladi M, Fojtík L, Strauss T, Da'adoosh B, Hiller R, Man P, Khananshvili D. Structural dynamics of Na + and Ca 2+ interactions with full-size mammalian NCX. Commun Biol 2024; 7:463. [PMID: 38627576 PMCID: PMC11021524 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ allosterically regulate Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) proteins to vary the NCX-mediated Ca2+ entry/exit rates in diverse cell types. To resolve the structure-based dynamic mechanisms underlying the ion-dependent allosteric regulation in mammalian NCXs, we analyze the apo, Ca2+, and Na+-bound species of the brain NCX1.4 variant using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Ca2+ binding to the cytosolic regulatory domains (CBD1 and CBD2) rigidifies the intracellular regulatory loop (5L6) and promotes its interaction with the membrane domains. Either Na+ or Ca2+ stabilizes the intracellular portions of transmembrane helices TM3, TM4, TM9, TM10, and their connecting loops (3L4 and 9L10), thereby exposing previously unappreciated regulatory sites. Ca2+ or Na+ also rigidifies the palmitoylation domain (TMH2), and neighboring TM1/TM6 bundle, thereby uncovering a structural entity for modulating the ion transport rates. The present analysis provides new structure-dynamic clues underlying the regulatory diversity among tissue-specific NCX variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Giladi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 6423906, Israel.
| | - Lukáš Fojtík
- Division BioCeV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tali Strauss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Benny Da'adoosh
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Reuben Hiller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Petr Man
- Division BioCeV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Liao X, Wang M, Liu J, Han J, An D, Zheng T, Wang X, Cheng H, Liu P. Inhibition of palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC12 sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin through ROS-mediated mechanisms. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1170-1183. [PMID: 38287874 PMCID: PMC11007019 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based therapies have revolutionized the treatment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). However, high rates of disease recurrence and progression remain a major clinical concern. Impaired mitochondrial function and dysregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), hallmarks of cancer, hold potential as therapeutic targets for selectively sensitizing cisplatin treatment. Here, we uncover an oncogenic role of the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC12 in regulating mitochondrial function and ROS homeostasis in HGSOC cells. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer data revealed significantly elevated ZDHHC12 expression, demonstrating the strongest positive association with ROS pathways among all ZDHHC enzymes. Transcriptomic analysis of independent ovarian cancer datasets and the SNU119 cell model corroborated this association, highlighting a strong link between ZDHHC12 expression and signature pathways involving mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and ROS regulation. Knockdown of ZDHHC12 disrupted this association, leading to increased cellular complexity, ATP levels, mitochondrial activity, and both mitochondrial and cellular ROS. This dysregulation, achieved by the siRNA knockdown of ZDHHC12 or treatment with the general palmitoylation inhibitor 2BP or the fatty acid synthase inhibitor C75, significantly enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity in 2D and 3D spheroid models of HGSOC through ROS-mediated mechanisms. Markedly, ZDHHC12 inhibition significantly augmented the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin in an ovarian cancer xenograft tumor model, as well as in an ascites-derived organoid line of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Our data suggest the potential of ZDHHC12 as a promising target to improve the outcome of HGSOCs in response to platinum-based chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xingming Liao
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Min Wang
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jiao Liu
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jiaxin Han
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Dong An
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Tiezheng Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Pixu Liu
- Cancer Institute, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Glatz JFC, Heather LC, Luiken JJFP. CD36 as a gatekeeper of myocardial lipid metabolism and therapeutic target for metabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:727-764. [PMID: 37882731 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional membrane glycoprotein CD36 is expressed in different types of cells and plays a key regulatory role in cellular lipid metabolism, especially in cardiac muscle. CD36 facilitates the cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids, mediates lipid signaling, and regulates storage and oxidation of lipids in various tissues with active lipid metabolism. CD36 deficiency leads to marked impairments in peripheral lipid metabolism, which consequently impact on the cellular utilization of multiple different fuels because of the integrated nature of metabolism. The functional presence of CD36 at the plasma membrane is regulated by its reversible subcellular recycling from and to endosomes and is under the control of mechanical, hormonal, and nutritional factors. Aberrations in this dynamic role of CD36 are causally associated with various metabolic diseases, in particular insulin resistance, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cardiac hypertrophy. Recent research in cardiac muscle has disclosed the endosomal proton pump vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) as a key enzyme regulating subcellular CD36 recycling and being the site of interaction between various substrates to determine cellular substrate preference. In addition, evidence is accumulating that interventions targeting CD36 directly or modulating its subcellular recycling are effective for the treatment of metabolic diseases. In conclusion, subcellular CD36 localization is the major adaptive regulator of cellular uptake and metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and appears a suitable target for metabolic modulation therapy to mend failing hearts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bai M, Gallen E, Memarzadeh S, Howie J, Gao X, Kuo CWS, Brown E, Swingler S, Wilson SJ, Shattock MJ, France DJ, Fuller W. Targeted degradation of zDHHC-PATs decreases substrate S-palmitoylation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299665. [PMID: 38512906 PMCID: PMC10956751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversible S-palmitoylation of protein cysteines, catalysed by a family of integral membrane zDHHC-motif containing palmitoyl acyl transferases (zDHHC-PATs), controls the localisation, activity, and interactions of numerous integral and peripheral membrane proteins. There are compelling reasons to want to inhibit the activity of individual zDHHC-PATs in both the laboratory and the clinic, but the specificity of existing tools is poor. Given the extensive conservation of the zDHHC-PAT active site, development of isoform-specific competitive inhibitors is highly challenging. We therefore hypothesised that proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) may offer greater specificity to target this class of enzymes. In proof-of-principle experiments we engineered cell lines expressing tetracycline-inducible Halo-tagged zDHHC5 or zDHHC20, and evaluated the impact of Halo-PROTACs on zDHHC-PAT expression and substrate palmitoylation. In HEK-derived FT-293 cells, Halo-zDHHC5 degradation significantly decreased palmitoylation of its substrate phospholemman, and Halo-zDHHC20 degradation significantly diminished palmitoylation of its substrate IFITM3, but not of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In contrast, in a second kidney derived cell line, Vero E6, Halo-zDHHC20 degradation did not alter palmitoylation of either IFITM3 or SARS-CoV-2 spike. We conclude from these experiments that PROTAC-mediated targeting of zDHHC-PATs to decrease substrate palmitoylation is feasible. However, given the well-established degeneracy in the zDHHC-PAT family, in some settings the activity of non-targeted zDHHC-PATs may substitute and preserve substrate palmitoylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Bai
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Gallen
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Memarzadeh
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Howie
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chien-Wen S. Kuo
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Brown
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Swingler
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sam J. Wilson
- Medical Research Council–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. France
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ashford F, Kuo CW, Dunning E, Brown E, Calagan S, Jayasinghe I, Henderson C, Fuller W, Wypijewski K. Cysteine post-translational modifications regulate protein interactions of caveolin-3. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23535. [PMID: 38466300 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201497rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Caveolae are small flask-shaped invaginations of the surface membrane which are proposed to recruit and co-localize signaling molecules. The distinctive caveolar shape is achieved by the oligomeric structural protein caveolin, of which three isoforms exist. Aside from the finding that caveolin-3 is specifically expressed in muscle, functional differences between the caveolin isoforms have not been rigorously investigated. Caveolin-3 is relatively cysteine-rich compared to caveolins 1 and 2, so we investigated its cysteine post-translational modifications. We find that caveolin-3 is palmitoylated at 6 cysteines and becomes glutathiolated following redox stress. We map the caveolin-3 palmitoylation sites to a cluster of cysteines in its C terminal membrane domain, and the glutathiolation site to an N terminal cysteine close to the region of caveolin-3 proposed to engage in protein interactions. Glutathiolation abolishes caveolin-3 interaction with heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. Our results indicate that a caveolin-3 oligomer contains up to 66 palmitates, compared to up to 33 for caveolin-1. The additional palmitoylation sites in caveolin-3 therefore provide a mechanistic basis by which caveolae in smooth and striated muscle can possess unique phospholipid and protein cargoes. These unique adaptations of the muscle-specific caveolin isoform have important implications for caveolar assembly and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Ashford
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chien-Wen Kuo
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Dunning
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elaine Brown
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sarah Calagan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Izzy Jayasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Krzysztof Wypijewski
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Néré R, Kouba S, Carreras-Sureda A, Demaurex N. S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins: molecular basis and functional consequences. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:407-421. [PMID: 38348884 PMCID: PMC10903462 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a multitude of cellular processes during fertilization and throughout adult life by acting as an intracellular messenger to control effector functions in excitable and non-excitable cells. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels are driven by the co-ordinated action of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers, and the resulting signals are shaped and decoded by Ca2+-binding proteins to drive rapid and long-term cellular processes ranging from neurotransmission and cardiac contraction to gene transcription and cell death. S-acylation, a lipid post-translational modification, is emerging as a critical regulator of several important Ca2+-handling proteins. S-acylation is a reversible and dynamic process involving the attachment of long-chain fatty acids (most commonly palmitate) to cysteine residues of target proteins by a family of 23 proteins acyltransferases (zDHHC, or PATs). S-acylation modifies the conformation of proteins and their interactions with membrane lipids, thereby impacting intra- and intermolecular interactions, protein stability, and subcellular localization. Disruptions of S-acylation can alter Ca2+ signalling and have been implicated in the development of pathologies such as heart disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Here, we review the recent literature on the S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins of organelles and of the plasma membrane and highlight the molecular basis and functional consequence of their S-acylation as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting this regulation for diseases caused by alterations in cellular Ca2+ fluxes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Néré
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sana Kouba
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Essandoh K, Teuber JP, Brody MJ. Regulation of cardiomyocyte intracellular trafficking and signal transduction by protein palmitoylation. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:41-53. [PMID: 38385554 PMCID: PMC10903464 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the well-established functions of protein palmitoylation in fundamental cellular processes, the roles of this reversible post-translational lipid modification in cardiomyocyte biology remain poorly studied. Palmitoylation is catalyzed by a family of 23 zinc finger and Asp-His-His-Cys domain-containing S-acyltransferases (zDHHC enzymes) and removed by select thioesterases of the lysophospholipase and α/β-hydroxylase domain (ABHD)-containing families of serine hydrolases. Recently, studies utilizing genetic manipulation of zDHHC enzymes in cardiomyocytes have begun to unveil essential functions for these enzymes in regulating cardiac development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Palmitoylation co-ordinates cardiac electrophysiology through direct modulation of ion channels and transporters to impact their trafficking or gating properties as well as indirectly through modification of regulators of channels, transporters, and calcium handling machinery. Not surprisingly, palmitoylation has roles in orchestrating the intracellular trafficking of proteins in cardiomyocytes, but also dynamically fine-tunes cardiomyocyte exocytosis and natriuretic peptide secretion. Palmitoylation has emerged as a potent regulator of intracellular signaling in cardiomyocytes, with recent studies uncovering palmitoylation-dependent regulation of small GTPases through direct modification and sarcolemmal targeting of the small GTPases themselves or by modification of regulators of the GTPase cycle. In addition to dynamic control of G protein signaling, cytosolic DNA is sensed and transduced into an inflammatory transcriptional output through palmitoylation-dependent activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, which has been targeted pharmacologically in preclinical models of heart disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex regulatory mechanisms governed by protein palmitoylation in cardiomyocytes and potential emerging therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - James P. Teuber
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - Matthew J. Brody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chaturvedi S, Pandya N, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. Identification of selective plant-derived natural carotenoid and flavonoids as the potential inhibitors of DHHC-mediated protein S-palmitoylation: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38319030 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2306502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Protein S-palmitoylation mediated by DHHCs is recognized as a distinct and reversible form of lipid modification connected with several health perturbations, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and autoimmune conditions. However, the pharmacological characteristics of current pan-DHHC inhibitors, particularly their toxicity and off-target effects, have hindered their in-depth cellular investigations. The therapeutic properties of the natural compounds, with minimal side effects, allowed us to evaluate them as DHHC-targeting inhibitors. Here, we performed an insilico screening of 115 phytochemicals to assess their interactions with the DHHC20 binding site. Among these compounds, lutein, 5-hydroxyflavone, and 6-hydroxyflavone exhibited higher binding energy (-9.2, -8.5, and -8.5 kcal/mol) in the DHHC20 groove compared to pan-DHHC inhibitor 2-BP (-7.0 kcal/mol). Furthermore, we conducted a 100 ns MD simulation to evaluate the stability of these complexes under physiological conditions. The MDsimulation results indicated that DHHC20 formed a more stable conformation with lutein compared to 5-hydroxyflavone and 6-hyroxyflavone via hydrophobic and H-bond interactions. Conclusively, these results could serve as a promising starting point for exploring the use of these natural molecules as DHHC20 inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nirali Pandya
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, India
- Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory and Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mesquita FS, Abrami L, Samurkas A, van der Goot FG. S-acylation: an orchestrator of the life cycle and function of membrane proteins. FEBS J 2024; 291:45-56. [PMID: 37811679 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
S-acylation is a covalent post-translational modification of proteins with fatty acids, achieved by enzymatic attachment via a labile thioester bond. This modification allows for dynamic control of protein properties and functions in association with cell membranes. This lipid modification regulates a substantial portion of the human proteome and plays an increasingly recognized role throughout the lifespan of affected proteins. Recent technical advancements have propelled the S-acylation field into a 'molecular era', unveiling new insights into its mechanistic intricacies and far-reaching implications. With a striking increase in the number of studies on this modification, new concepts are indeed emerging on the roles of S-acylation in specific cell biology processes and features. After a brief overview of the enzymes involved in S-acylation, this viewpoint focuses on the importance of S-acylation in the homeostasis, function, and coordination of integral membrane proteins. In particular, we put forward the hypotheses that S-acylation is a gatekeeper of membrane protein folding and turnover and a regulator of the formation and dynamics of membrane contact sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Samurkas
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jin Z, Wang J, Chen Y. Estrogen Regulates Scribble Localization in Endometrial Epithelial Cells Through Acyl Protein Thioesterase (APT)-Mediated S-Palmitoylation in Adenomyosis. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:128-138. [PMID: 37603234 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite its prevalence and the severity of symptoms, little is known about the pathogenesis and etiology of adenomyosis. In our previous study, Scribble localization has been found to be partially translocated to cytoplasm; however, its regulatory mechanism is known. In consideration of the important role of supraphysiologic estrogen production in the endometrium in the development of adenomyosis, we analyzed the effect and mechanism of estrogen on Scribble localization in vivo and in vitro. Firstly, we found Scribble translocation from the basolateral membrane to the cytoplasm was easily to be seen in women and mice with adenomyosis (68% vs 27%, 60% vs 10% separately). After treatment with the S-palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate for 48H, cytoplasmic enrichment of Scribble and the reduced level of palm-Scribble was observed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and acyl-biotin exchange palmitoylation assay. High estrogen exposure could not only induce partially cytoplasmic translocation of Scribble but also decrease the expression level of palm-Scribble, which can be recovered by estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI182,780. Based on following experiments, we found that estrogen regulated Scribble localization by APT through S-palmitoylation of Scribble protein. At last, IHC was performed to verify the expression of APT1 and APT2 in human clinical tissue specimens and found that they were all increased dramatically. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between APT1 or APT2 and aromatase P450. Therefore, our research may provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis of adenomyosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zheng S, Que X, Wang S, Zhou Q, Xing X, Chen L, Hou C, Ma J, An P, Peng Y, Yao Y, Song Q, Li J, Zhang P, Pei H. ZDHHC5-mediated NLRP3 palmitoylation promotes NLRP3-NEK7 interaction and inflammasome activation. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4570-4585.e7. [PMID: 38092000 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical mediator of the innate immune response. How NLRP3 responds to stimuli and initiates the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome is not fully understood. Here, we found that a cellular metabolite, palmitate, facilitates NLRP3 activation by enhancing its S-palmitoylation, in synergy with lipopolysaccharide stimulation. NLRP3 is post-translationally palmitoylated by zinc-finger and aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine 5 (ZDHHC5) at the LRR domain, which promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Silencing ZDHHC5 blocks NLRP3 oligomerization, NLRP3-NEK7 interaction, and formation of large intracellular ASC aggregates, leading to abrogation of caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/18 release, and GSDMD cleavage, both in human cells and in mice. ABHD17A depalmitoylates NLRP3, and one human-heritable disease-associated mutation in NLRP3 was found to be associated with defective ABHD17A binding and hyper-palmitoylation. Furthermore, Zdhhc5-/- mice showed defective NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal an endogenous mechanism of inflammasome assembly and activation and suggest NLRP3 palmitoylation as a potential target for the treatment of NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyong Que
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Hou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ping An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihan Peng
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Pingfeng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Wang J, Ma X, Ju G, Shi C, Wang W, Wu J. USP35 promotes HCC development by stabilizing ABHD17C and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:421. [PMID: 37993419 PMCID: PMC10665393 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01714-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible protein lipidation that controls the subcellular localization and function of targeted proteins, including oncogenes such as N-RAS. The depalmitoylation enzyme family ABHD17s can remove the S-palmitoylation from N-RAS to facilitate cancer development. We previously showed that ABHD17C has oncogenic roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and its mRNA stability is controlled by miR-145-5p. However, it is still unclear whether ABHD17C is regulated at the post-translational level. In the present study, we identified multiple ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) that can stabilize ABHD17C by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation. Among them, USP35 is the most potent stabilizer of ABHD17C. We found a positive correlation between the elevated expression levels of USP35 and ABHD17C, together with their association with increased PI3K/AKT pathway activity in HCCs. USP35 knockdown caused decreased ABHD17C protein level, impaired PI3K/AKT pathway, reduced proliferation, cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis, and mitigated migration and invasion. USP35 can interact with and stabilize ABHD17C by inhibiting its ubiquitination. Overexpression of ABHD17C can rescue the defects caused by USP35 knockdown in HCC cells. In support of these in vitro observations, xenograft assay data also showed that USP35 deficiency repressed HCC development in vivo, characterized by reduced proliferation and disrupted PI3K/AKT signaling. Together, these findings demonstrate that USP35 may promote HCC development by stabilization of ABHD17C and activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linpei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 362000, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 362000, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Ma
- Department of Health Medicine, The 910th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, 362000, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Guomin Ju
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunfeng Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 362000, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 362000, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Michalski M, Setny P. Molecular Mechanisms behind Conformational Transitions of the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Membrane Anchor. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9450-9460. [PMID: 37877534 PMCID: PMC10641832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is a fundamental process that is exploited by enveloped viruses to enter host cells. In the case of the influenza virus, fusion is facilitated by the trimeric viral hemagglutinin protein (HA). So far, major focus has been put on its N-terminal fusion peptides, which are directly responsible for fusion initiation. A growing body of evidence points also to a significant functional role of the HA C-terminal domain, which however remains incompletely understood. Our computational study aimed to elucidate the structural and functional interdependencies within the HA C-terminal region encompassing the transmembrane domain (TMD) and the cytoplasmic tail (CT). In particular, we were interested in the conformational shift of the TMD in response to varying cholesterol concentration in the viral membrane and in its modulation by the presence of CT. Using free-energy calculations based on atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we characterized transitions between straight and tilted metastable TMD configurations under varying conditions. We found that the presence of CT is essential for achieving a stable, highly tilted TMD configuration. As we demonstrate, such a configuration of HA membrane anchor likely supports the tilting motion of its ectodomain, which needs to be executed during membrane fusion. This finding highlights the functional role of, so far, the relatively overlooked CT region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Michalski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Setny
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anwar MU, van der Goot FG. Refining S-acylation: Structure, regulation, dynamics, and therapeutic implications. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202307103. [PMID: 37756661 PMCID: PMC10533364 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With a limited number of genes, cells achieve remarkable diversity. This is to a large extent achieved by chemical posttranslational modifications of proteins. Amongst these are the lipid modifications that have the unique ability to confer hydrophobicity. The last decade has revealed that lipid modifications of proteins are extremely frequent and affect a great variety of cellular pathways and physiological processes. This is particularly true for S-acylation, the only reversible lipid modification. The enzymes involved in S-acylation and deacylation are only starting to be understood, and the list of proteins that undergo this modification is ever-increasing. We will describe the state of knowledge on the enzymes that regulate S-acylation, from their structure to their regulation, how S-acylation influences target proteins, and finally will offer a perspective on how alterations in the balance between S-acylation and deacylation may contribute to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U. Anwar
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Suazo KF, Bělíček J, Schey GL, Auger SA, Petre AM, Li L, Błażewska KM, Kopečný D, Distefano MD. Thinking outside the CaaX-box: an unusual reversible prenylation on ALDH9A1. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:913-925. [PMID: 37920391 PMCID: PMC10619140 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lipidation is a post-translational modification that confers hydrophobicity on protein substrates to control their cellular localization, mediate protein trafficking, and regulate protein function. In particular, protein prenylation is a C-terminal modification on proteins bearing canonical motifs catalyzed by prenyltransferases. Prenylated proteins have been of interest due to their numerous associations with various diseases. Chemical proteomic approaches have been pursued over the last decade to define prenylated proteomes (prenylome) and probe their responses to perturbations in various cellular systems. Here, we describe the discovery of prenylation of a non-canonical prenylated protein, ALDH9A1, which lacks any apparent prenylation motif. This enzyme was initially identified through chemical proteomic profiling of prenylomes in various cell lines. Metabolic labeling with an isoprenoid probe using overexpressed ALDH9A1 revealed that this enzyme can be prenylated inside cells but does not respond to inhibition by prenyltransferase inhibitors. Site-directed mutagenesis of the key residues involved in ALDH9A1 activity indicates that the catalytic C288 bears the isoprenoid modification likely through an NAD+-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, the isoprenoid modification is also susceptible to hydrolysis, indicating a reversible modification. We hypothesize that this modification originates from endogenous farnesal or geranygeranial, the established degradation products of prenylated proteins and results in a thioester form that accumulates. This novel reversible prenoyl modification on ALDH9A1 expands the current paradigm of protein prenylation by illustrating a potentially new type of protein-lipid modification that may also serve as a novel mechanism for controlling enzyme function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiall F Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Jakub Bělíček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University CZ-78371 Czech Republic
| | - Garrett L Schey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Shelby A Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Alexandru M Petre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology Łódź Poland
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University CZ-78371 Czech Republic
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma W, Liu H, Li X. Chemical Synthesis of Peptides and Proteins Bearing Base-Labile Post-Translational Modifications: Evolution of the Methods in Four Decades. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300348. [PMID: 37380612 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The S-palmitoylation on Cys residue and O-acetylation on Ser/Thr residues are two types of base-labile post-translational modifications (PTMs) in cells. The lability of these PTMs to bases and nucleophiles makes the peptides/proteins bearing S-palmitoyl or O-acetyl groups challenging synthetic targets, which cannot be prepared via the standard Fmoc-SPPS and native chemical ligation. In this review, we summarized the efforts towards their preparation in the past 40 years, with the focus on the evolution of synthetic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang X, Yao J, Liu L, Chen J, Mei L, Huangfu J, Luo D, Wang X, Lin C, Chen X, Yang Y, Ouyang S, Wei F, Wang Z, Zhang S, Xiang T, Neculai D, Sun Q, Kong E, Tate EW, Yang A. S-acylation of p62 promotes p62 droplet recruitment into autophagosomes in mammalian autophagy. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3485-3501.e11. [PMID: 37802024 PMCID: PMC10552648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
p62 is a well-characterized autophagy receptor that recognizes and sequesters specific cargoes into autophagosomes for degradation. p62 promotes the assembly and removal of ubiquitinated proteins by forming p62-liquid droplets. However, it remains unclear how autophagosomes efficiently sequester p62 droplets. Herein, we report that p62 undergoes reversible S-acylation in multiple human-, rat-, and mouse-derived cell lines, catalyzed by zinc-finger Asp-His-His-Cys S-acyltransferase 19 (ZDHHC19) and deacylated by acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1). S-acylation of p62 enhances the affinity of p62 for microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-positive membranes and promotes autophagic membrane localization of p62 droplets, thereby leading to the production of small LC3-positive p62 droplets and efficient autophagic degradation of p62-cargo complexes. Specifically, increasing p62 acylation by upregulating ZDHHC19 or by genetic knockout of APT1 accelerates p62 degradation and p62-mediated autophagic clearance of ubiquitinated proteins. Thus, the protein S-acylation-deacylation cycle regulates p62 droplet recruitment to the autophagic membrane and selective autophagic flux, thereby contributing to the control of selective autophagic clearance of ubiquitinated proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jia Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jingjing Huangfu
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changhai Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Sheng Ouyang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fujing Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Shaolin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dante Neculai
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Protein Palmitoylation and Major Human Diseases, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou Z, Ma X, Lin Y, Cheng D, Bavi N, Secker GA, Li JV, Janbandhu V, Sutton DL, Scott HS, Yao M, Harvey RP, Harvey NL, Corry B, Zhang Y, Cox CD. MyoD-family inhibitor proteins act as auxiliary subunits of Piezo channels. Science 2023; 381:799-804. [PMID: 37590348 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Piezo channels are critical cellular sensors of mechanical forces. Despite their large size, ubiquitous expression, and irreplaceable roles in an ever-growing list of physiological processes, few Piezo channel-binding proteins have emerged. In this work, we found that MyoD (myoblast determination)-family inhibitor proteins (MDFIC and MDFI) are PIEZO1/2 interacting partners. These transcriptional regulators bind to PIEZO1/2 channels, regulating channel inactivation. Using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy, we mapped the interaction site in MDFIC to a lipidated, C-terminal helix that inserts laterally into the PIEZO1 pore module. These Piezo-interacting proteins fit all the criteria for auxiliary subunits, contribute to explaining the vastly different gating kinetics of endogenous Piezo channels observed in many cell types, and elucidate mechanisms potentially involved in human lymphatic vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhou
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaonuo Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiechang Lin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Delfine Cheng
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Navid Bavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Genevieve A Secker
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Jinyuan Vero Li
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Drew L Sutton
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ben Corry
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sardana S, Nederstigt AE, Baggelaar MP. S-Palmitoylation during Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37294931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
S-Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of C14:0-C22:0 fatty acids (mainly C16:0 palmitate) to cysteines via thioester bonds. This lipid modification is highly abundant in neurons, where it plays a role in neuronal development and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The knowledge of S-palmitoylation in neurodevelopment is limited due to technological challenges in analyzing this highly hydrophobic protein modification. Here, we used two orthogonal methods, acyl-biotin exchange (ABE) and lipid metabolic labeling (LML), to identify S-palmitoylated proteins and sites during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. We identified 2002 putative S-palmitoylated proteins in total, of which 650 were found with both methods. Significant changes in the abundance of S-palmitoylated proteins were detected, in particular for several processes and protein classes that are known to be important for neuronal differentiation, which include proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (RET) signal transduction, SNARE protein-mediated exocytosis, and neural cell adhesion molecules. Overall, S-palmitoylation profiling by employing ABE and LML in parallel during RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells revealed a subset of high confidence bona fide S-palmitoylated proteins and suggested an important role for S-palmitoylation in neuronal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Sardana
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Anneroos E Nederstigt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P Baggelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ramzan F, Abrar F, Mishra GG, Liao LMQ, Martin DDO. Lost in traffic: consequences of altered palmitoylation in neurodegeneration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1166125. [PMID: 37324388 PMCID: PMC10268010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1166125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the first molecular events in neurodegenerative diseases, regardless of etiology, is protein mislocalization. Protein mislocalization in neurons is often linked to proteostasis deficiencies leading to the build-up of misfolded proteins and/or organelles that contributes to cellular toxicity and cell death. By understanding how proteins mislocalize in neurons, we can develop novel therapeutics that target the earliest stages of neurodegeneration. A critical mechanism regulating protein localization and proteostasis in neurons is the protein-lipid modification S-acylation, the reversible addition of fatty acids to cysteine residues. S-acylation is more commonly referred to as S-palmitoylation or simply palmitoylation, which is the addition of the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate to proteins. Like phosphorylation, palmitoylation is highly dynamic and tightly regulated by writers (i.e., palmitoyl acyltransferases) and erasers (i.e., depalmitoylating enzymes). The hydrophobic fatty acid anchors proteins to membranes; thus, the reversibility allows proteins to be re-directed to and from membranes based on local signaling factors. This is particularly important in the nervous system, where axons (output projections) can be meters long. Any disturbance in protein trafficking can have dire consequences. Indeed, many proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are palmitoylated, and many more have been identified in palmitoyl-proteomic studies. It follows that palmitoyl acyl transferase enzymes have also been implicated in numerous diseases. In addition, palmitoylation can work in concert with cellular mechanisms, like autophagy, to affect cell health and protein modifications, such as acetylation, nitrosylation, and ubiquitination, to affect protein function and turnover. Limited studies have further revealed a sexually dimorphic pattern of protein palmitoylation. Therefore, palmitoylation can have wide-reaching consequences in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Fuller W. zDHHC9 and the Control of Natriuretic Peptide Secretion by the Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:543-545. [PMID: 37325402 PMCID: PMC10264705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Congreve SD, Main A, Butler AS, Gao X, Brown E, Du C, Choisy SC, Cheng H, Hancox JC, Fuller W. Palmitoylation regulates the magnitude of HCN4-mediated currents in mammalian cells. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1163339. [PMID: 37123274 PMCID: PMC10133559 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1163339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) and subsidiary pacemakers in the cardiac conduction system generate spontaneous electrical activity which is indispensable for electrical and therefore contractile function of the heart. The hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel HCN4 is responsible for genesis of the pacemaker "funny" current during diastolic depolarisation. S-palmitoylation, the reversible conjugation of the fatty acid palmitate to protein cysteine sulfhydryls, regulates the activity of key cardiac Na+ and Ca2+ handling proteins, influencing their membrane microdomain localisation and function. We investigated HCN4 palmitoylation and its functional consequences in engineered human embryonic kidney 293T cells as well as endogenous HCN4 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. HCN4 was palmitoylated in all experimental systems investigated. We mapped the HCN4 palmitoylation sites to a pair of cysteines in the HCN4 intracellular amino terminus. A double cysteine-to-alanine mutation CC93A/179AA of full length HCN4 caused a ∼67% reduction in palmitoylation in comparison to wild type HCN4. We used whole-cell patch clamp to evaluate HCN4 current (IHCN4) in stably transfected 293T cells. Removal of the two N-terminal palmitoylation sites did not significantly alter half maximal activation voltage of IHCN4 or the activation slope factor. IHCN4 was significantly larger in cells expressing wild type compared to non-palmitoylated HCN4 across a range of voltages. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that although cysteine 93 is widely conserved across all classes of HCN4 vertebrate orthologs, conservation of cysteine 179 is restricted to placental mammals. Collectively, we provide evidence for functional regulation of HCN4 via palmitoylation of its amino terminus in vertebrates. We suggest that by recruiting the amino terminus to the bilayer, palmitoylation enhances the magnitude of HCN4-mediated currents, but does not significantly affect the kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samitha Dilini Congreve
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Main
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Butler
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Xing Gao
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Brown
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chunyun Du
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanié C. Choisy
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abazari D, Wild AR, Qiu T, Dickinson BC, Bamji SX. Activity-dependent post-translational regulation of palmitoylating and depalmitoylating enzymes in the hippocampus. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260629. [PMID: 37039765 PMCID: PMC10113885 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-induced changes in protein palmitoylation can regulate the plasticity of synaptic connections, critically impacting learning and memory. Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification regulated by both palmitoyl-acyl transferases that mediate palmitoylation and palmitoyl thioesterases that depalmitoylate proteins. However, it is not clear how fluctuations in synaptic activity can mediate the dynamic palmitoylation of neuronal proteins. Using primary hippocampal cultures, we demonstrate that synaptic activity does not impact the transcription of palmitoylating and depalmitoylating enzymes, changes in thioesterase activity, or post-translational modification of the depalmitoylating enzymes of the ABHD17 family and APT2 (also known as LYPLA2). In contrast, synaptic activity does mediate post-translational modification of the palmitoylating enzymes ZDHHC2, ZDHHC5 and ZDHHC9 (but not ZDHHC8) to influence protein-protein interactions, enzyme stability and enzyme function. Post-translational modifications of the ZDHHC enzymes were also observed in the hippocampus following fear conditioning. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that signaling events activated by synaptic activity largely impact activity of the ZDHHC family of palmitoyl-acyl transferases with less influence on the activity of palmitoyl thioesterases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danya Abazari
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Angela R. Wild
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Shernaz X. Bamji
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cao J, Markel A, Hanahoe E, Ketova T, Mihai C, Zalinger Z, Marquardt D, Amato NJ, Cheng YM, Reid DW, Dousis A, Giangrande PH, Schultz JR, Martini PGV, Finn PF. Amnio acid substitution at position 298 of human glucose-6 phosphatase-α significantly impacts its stability in mammalian cells. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03263-8. [PMID: 36944899 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose and functions as a key regulator in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Deficiency in G6Pase-α causes glycogen storage disease 1a (GSD1a), an inherited disorder characterized by life-threatening hypoglycemia and other long-term complications. We have developed a potential mRNA-based therapy for GSD1a and demonstrated that a human G6Pase-α (hG6Pase-α) variant harboring a single serine (S) to cysteine (C) substitution at the amino acid site 298 (S298C) had > twofold increase in protein expression, resulting in improved in vivo efficacy. Here, we sought to investigate the mechanisms contributing to the increased expression of the S298C variant. Mutagenesis of hG6Pase-α identified distinct protein variants at the 298 amino acid position with substantial reduction in protein expression in cultured cells. Kinetic analysis of expression and subcellular localization in mammalian cells, combined with cell-free in vitro translation assays, revealed that altered protein expression stemmed from differences in cellular protein stability rather than biosynthetic rates. Site-specific mutagenesis studies targeting other cysteines of the hG6Pase-α S298C variant suggest the observed improvements in stability are not due to additional disulfide bond formation. The glycosylation at Asparagine (N)-96 is critical in maintaining enzymatic activity and mutations at position 298 mainly affected glycosylated forms of hG6Pase-α. Finally, proteasome inhibition by lactacystin improved expression levels of unstable hG6Pase-α variants. Taken together, these data uncover a critical role for a single amino acid substitution impacting the stability of G6Pase-α and provide insights into the molecular genetics of GSD1a and protein engineering for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Cao
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arianna Markel
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Erin Hanahoe
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tatiana Ketova
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cosmin Mihai
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zach Zalinger
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David Marquardt
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas J Amato
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yi Min Cheng
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David W Reid
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Athanasios Dousis
- Platform, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Current Address: Tessera Therapeutics, Somerville, MA, USA
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Current Address: Wave Life Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua R Schultz
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Paolo G V Martini
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Patrick F Finn
- Rare Diseases, Moderna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pleiotropic Functions of Nitric Oxide Produced by Ascorbate for the Prevention and Mitigation of COVID-19: A Revaluation of Pauling's Vitamin C Therapy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020397. [PMID: 36838362 PMCID: PMC9963342 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Linus Pauling, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, suggested that a high dose of vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) might work as a prevention or treatment for the common cold. Vitamin C therapy was tested in clinical trials, but clear evidence was not found at that time. Although Pauling's proposal has been strongly criticized for a long time, vitamin C therapy has continued to be tested as a treatment for a variety of diseases, including coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, belongs to the β-coronavirus lineage, which includes human coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). This review intends to shed new light on vitamin C antiviral activity that may prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection through the chemical production of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a gaseous free radical that is largely produced by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS) in cells. NO produced by upper epidermal cells contributes to the inactivation of viruses and bacteria contained in air or aerosols. In addition to enzymatic production, NO can be generated by the chemical reduction of inorganic nitrite (NO2-), an alternative mechanism for NO production in living organisms. Dietary vitamin C, largely contained in fruits and vegetables, can reduce the nitrite in saliva to produce NO in the oral cavity when chewing foods. In the stomach, salivary nitrite can also be reduced to NO by vitamin C secreted from the epidermal cells of the stomach. The strong acidic pH of gastric juice facilitates the chemical reduction of salivary nitrite to produce NO. Vitamin C contributes in multiple ways to the host innate immune system as a first-line defense mechanism against pathogens. Highlighting chemical NO production by vitamin C, we suggest that controversies on the therapeutic effects of vitamin C in previous clinical trials may partly be due to less appreciation of the pleiotropic functions of vitamin C as a universal bioreductant.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wild AR, Hogg PW, Flibotte S, Kochhar S, Hollman RB, Haas K, Bamji SX. CellPalmSeq: A curated RNAseq database of palmitoylating and de-palmitoylating enzyme expression in human cell types and laboratory cell lines. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1110550. [PMID: 36760531 PMCID: PMC9904442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible lipid modification protein S-palmitoylation can dynamically modify the localization, diffusion, function, conformation and physical interactions of substrate proteins. Dysregulated S-palmitoylation is associated with a multitude of human diseases including brain and metabolic disorders, viral infection and cancer. However, the diverse expression patterns of the genes that regulate palmitoylation in the broad range of human cell types are currently unexplored, and their expression in commonly used cell lines that are the workhorse of basic and preclinical research are often overlooked when studying palmitoylation dependent processes. We therefore created CellPalmSeq (https://cellpalmseq.med.ubc.ca), a curated RNAseq database and interactive webtool for visualization of the expression patterns of the genes that regulate palmitoylation across human single cell types, bulk tissue, cancer cell lines and commonly used laboratory non-human cell lines. This resource will allow exploration of these expression patterns, revealing important insights into cellular physiology and disease, and will aid with cell line selection and the interpretation of results when studying important cellular processes that depend on protein S-palmitoylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Wild
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter W. Hogg
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Life Sciences Institute Bioinformatics Facility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shruti Kochhar
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocio B. Hollman
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kurt Haas
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shernaz X. Bamji
- Bamji Lab, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Shernaz X. Bamji,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Buszka A, Pytyś A, Colvin D, Włodarczyk J, Wójtowicz T. S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins in Neuronal Plasticity in Normal and Pathological Brains. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030387. [PMID: 36766729 PMCID: PMC9913408 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein lipidation is a common post-translational modification of proteins that plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. One form of protein lipidation, S-palmitoylation, involves the addition of a 16-carbon fatty acid (palmitate) onto proteins. This reversible modification may affect the regulation of protein trafficking and stability in membranes. From multiple recent experimental studies, a picture emerges whereby protein S-palmitoylation is a ubiquitous yet discrete molecular switch enabling the expansion of protein functions and subcellular localization in minutes to hours. Neural tissue is particularly rich in proteins that are regulated by S-palmitoylation. A surge of novel methods of detection of protein lipidation at high resolution allowed us to get better insights into the roles of protein palmitoylation in brain physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we specifically discuss experimental work devoted to understanding the impact of protein palmitoylation on functional changes in the excitatory and inhibitory synapses associated with neuronal activity and neuronal plasticity. The accumulated evidence also implies a crucial role of S-palmitoylation in learning and memory, and brain disorders associated with impaired cognitive functions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Fang CT, Kuo HH, Amartuvshin O, Hsu HJ, Liu SL, Yao JS, Yih LH. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase impaired tubulin palmitoylation and induced spindle abnormalities. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36617578 PMCID: PMC9826786 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin s-palmitoylation involves the thioesterification of a cysteine residue in tubulin with palmitate. The palmitate moiety is produced by the fatty acid synthesis pathway, which is rate-limited by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). While it is known that ACC is phosphorylated at serine 79 (pSer79) by AMPK and accumulates at the spindle pole (SP) during mitosis, a functional role for tubulin palmitoylation during mitosis has not been identified. In this study, we found that modulating pSer79-ACC level at the SP using AMPK agonist and inhibitor induced spindle defects. Loss of ACC function induced spindle abnormalities in cell lines and in germ cells of the Drosophila germarium, and palmitic acid (PA) rescued the spindle defects in the cell line treated transiently with the ACC inhibitor, TOFA. Furthermore, inhibition of protein palmitoylating or depalmitoylating enzymes also induced spindle defects. Together, these data suggested that precisely regulated cellular palmitate level and protein palmitoylation may be required for accurate spindle assembly. We then showed that tubulin was largely palmitoylated in interphase cells but less palmitoylated in mitotic cells. TOFA treatment diminished tubulin palmitoylation at doses that disrupt microtubule (MT) instability and cause spindle defects. Moreover, spindle MTs comprised of α-tubulins mutated at the reported palmitoylation site exhibited disrupted dynamic instability. We also found that TOFA enhanced the MT-targeting drug-induced spindle abnormalities and cytotoxicity. Thus, our study reveals that precise regulation of ACC during mitosis impacts tubulin palmitoylation to delicately control MT dynamic instability and spindle assembly, thereby safeguarding nuclear and cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Fang
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oyundari Amartuvshin
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.28665.3f0000 0001 2287 1366Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.260565.20000 0004 0634 0356Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Long Liu
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-Syuan Yao
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- grid.506933.a0000 0004 0633 7835Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dennis KMJH, Heather LC. Post-translational palmitoylation of metabolic proteins. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1122895. [PMID: 36909239 PMCID: PMC9998952 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cellular proteins are post-translationally modified by addition of a lipid group to their structure, which dynamically influences the proteome by increasing hydrophobicity of proteins often impacting protein conformation, localization, stability, and binding affinity. These lipid modifications include myristoylation and palmitoylation. Palmitoylation involves a 16-carbon saturated fatty acyl chain being covalently linked to a cysteine thiol through a thioester bond. Palmitoylation is unique within this group of modifications, as the addition of the palmitoyl group is reversible and enzyme driven, rapidly affecting protein targeting, stability and subcellular trafficking. The palmitoylation reaction is catalyzed by a large family of Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHCs) motif-containing palmitoyl acyltransferases, while the reverse reaction is catalyzed by acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs), that remove the acyl chain. Palmitoyl-CoA serves an important dual purpose as it is not only a key metabolite fueling energy metabolism, but is also a substrate for this PTM. In this review, we discuss protein palmitoylation in regulating substrate metabolism, focusing on membrane transport proteins and kinases that participate in substrate uptake into the cell. We then explore the palmitoylation of mitochondrial proteins and the palmitoylation regulatory enzymes, a less explored field for potential lipid metabolic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M J H Dennis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Schek N, Lee JY, Burslem GM, Witze E. Chemical probe mediated visualization of protein S-palmitoylation in patient tissue samples. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1063247. [PMID: 36895631 PMCID: PMC9988892 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1063247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While protein palmitoylation has been studied for decades, our understanding of its clinical importance is minimal compared to other post translational modifications. As a result of the inherent challenges preventing the production of antibodies to palmitoylated epitopes we are unable to correlate levels of protein palmitoylation in biopsied tissues at a meaningful resolution. The most common method for detecting palmitoylated proteins without metabolic labelling is through chemical labeling of palmitoylated cysteines with the acyl-biotinyl exchange (ABE) assay. We have adapted the ABE assay to detect protein palmitoylation in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. The assay is sufficient to detect subcellular regions of cells with increased labeling which indicates areas enriched in palmitoylated proteins. To visualize specific palmitoylated proteins in both cultured cells and in FFPE preserved tissue arrays we have integrated the ABE assay with a proximity ligation assay (ABE-PLA). Our findings demonstrate for the first time that FFPE preserved tissues can be labelled with unique chemical probes to detect either areas enriched in palmitoylated proteins or the localization of specific palmitoylated proteins using our ABE-PLA methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Schek
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jia-Ying Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - George M Burslem
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric Witze
- Department of Cancer Biology, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Structure-Based Function and Regulation of NCX Variants: Updates and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010061. [PMID: 36613523 PMCID: PMC9820601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma-membrane homeostasis Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) mediate Ca2+ extrusion/entry to dynamically shape Ca2+ signaling/in biological systems ranging from bacteria to humans. The NCX gene orthologs, isoforms, and their splice variants are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and exhibit nearly 104-fold differences in the transport rates and regulatory specificities to match the cell-specific requirements. Selective pharmacological targeting of NCX variants could benefit many clinical applications, although this intervention remains challenging, mainly because a full-size structure of eukaryotic NCX is unavailable. The crystal structure of the archaeal NCX_Mj, in conjunction with biophysical, computational, and functional analyses, provided a breakthrough in resolving the ion transport mechanisms. However, NCX_Mj (whose size is nearly three times smaller than that of mammalian NCXs) cannot serve as a structure-dynamic model for imitating high transport rates and regulatory modules possessed by eukaryotic NCXs. The crystal structures of isolated regulatory domains (obtained from eukaryotic NCXs) and their biophysical analyses by SAXS, NMR, FRET, and HDX-MS approaches revealed structure-based variances of regulatory modules. Despite these achievements, it remains unclear how multi-domain interactions can decode and integrate diverse allosteric signals, thereby yielding distinct regulatory outcomes in a given ortholog/isoform/splice variant. This article summarizes the relevant issues from the perspective of future developments.
Collapse
|
38
|
Knittel CH, Devaraj NK. Bioconjugation Strategies for Revealing the Roles of Lipids in Living Cells. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3099-3109. [PMID: 36215688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The structural boundaries of living cells are composed of numerous membrane-forming lipids. Lipids not only are crucial for the cellular compartmentalization but also are involved in cell signaling as well as energy storage. Abnormal lipid levels have been linked to severe human diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as lysosomal storage disorders. Given their biological significance, there is immense interest in studying lipids and their effect on cells. However, limiting factors include the low solubility of lipids, their structural complexity, and the challenge of using genetic techniques to directly manipulate lipid structure. Current methods to study lipids rely mostly on lipidomics, which analyzes the composition of lipid extracts using mass spectrometry. Although, these efforts have successfully catalogued and profiled a great number of lipids in cells, many aspects about their exact functional role and subcellular distribution remain enigmatic.In this Account, we outline how our laboratory developed and applied different bioconjugation strategies to study the role of lipids and lipid modifications in cells. Inspired by our ongoing work on developing lipid bioconjugation strategies to generate artificial cell membranes, we developed a ceramide synthesis method in live cells using a salicylaldehyde ester that readily reacts with sphingosine in form of a traceless ceramide ligation. Our study not only confirmed existing knowledge about the association of ceramides with cell death, but also gave interesting new findings about the structure-function relationship of ceramides in apoptosis. Our initial efforts led us to investigate probes that detect endogenous sphingolipids using live cell imaging. We describe the development of a fluorogenic probe that reacts chemoselectively with sphingosine in living cells, enabling the detection of elevated endogenous levels of this biomarker in human disease. Building on our interest in the fluorescence labeling of lipids, we have also explored the use of bioorthogonal reactions to label chemically synthesized lipid probes. We discuss the development of photocaged dihydrotetrazine lipids, where the initiation of the bioorthogonal reaction can be triggered by visible light, allowing for live cell modification of membranes with spatiotemporal control.Finally, proteins are often post-translationally modified by lipids, which have important effects on protein subcellular localization and function. Controlling lipid modifications with small molecule probes could help reveal the function of lipid post-translational modifications and could potentially inspire novel therapeutic strategies. We describe how our previous studies on synthetic membrane formation inspired us to develop an amphiphilic cysteine derivative that depalmitoylates membrane-bound S-acylated proteins in live cells. Ultimately, we applied this amphiphile mediated depalmitoylation (AMD) in studies investigating the palmitoylation of cancer relevant palmitoylated proteins in healthy and diseased cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline H Knittel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. The Importance of the Plasma Membrane in Atherogenesis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1036. [PMID: 36363591 PMCID: PMC9698587 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are an important medical problem due to their high prevalence, impact on quality of life and prognosis. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an urgent medical and social problem, the solution of which may improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of patients. Atherosclerosis is a complex chain of events, which proceeds over many years and in which many cells in the bloodstream and the vascular wall are involved. A growing body of evidence suggests that there are complex, closely linked molecular mechanisms that occur in the plasma membranes of cells involved in atherogenesis. Lipid transport, innate immune system receptor function, and hemodynamic regulation are linked to plasma membranes and their biophysical properties. A better understanding of these interrelationships will improve diagnostic quality and treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Azizi SA, Delalande C, Lan T, Qiu T, Dickinson BC. Charting the Chemical Space of Acrylamide-Based Inhibitors of zDHHC20. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1648-1654. [PMID: 36262404 PMCID: PMC9575173 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a dynamic and reversible lipid post-translational modification that can affect the activity, stability, localization, and interactions of target proteins. Lipid modification occurs on cysteine residues via a thioester bond and in humans is mediated by 23 Asp-His-His-Cys domain-containing protein acyltransferases (DHHC-PATs). The DHHC-PATs have well-known roles in physiology and disease, but much remains to be discovered about their biological function and therapeutic potential. We recently developed cyanomyracrylamide (CMA), an acrylamide-based DHHC inhibitor with key improvements over existing inhibitors. Here we conduct a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of CMA and its acrylamide derivatives against zDHHC20, the most structurally characterized member of the human DHHC family, and validate the results against the homologous zDHHC2. This SAR maps out the limitations and potential of the acrylamide scaffold, underscoring the need for a bivalent inhibitor and identifying along the way three molecules with activity on par with CMA but with an improved logP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Medical
Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Clémence Delalande
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tong Lan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bryan C. Dickinson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Q, Liu Y, Zhang L. Cytoplasmic tail determines the membrane trafficking and localization of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1004036. [PMID: 36225258 PMCID: PMC9548995 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1004036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 mediates viral entry through associating with ACE2 on host cells. Intracellular trafficking and palmitoylation of S protein are required for its function. The short cytoplasmic tail of S protein plays a key role in the intracellular trafficking, which contains the binding site for the host trafficking proteins such as COPI, COPII and SNX27. This cytoplasmic tail also contains the palmitoylation sites of S protein. Protein palmitoylation modification of S protein could be catalyzed by a family of zinc finger DHHC domain-containing protein palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHCs). The intracellular trafficking and membrane location facilitate surface expression of S protein and assembly of progeny virions. In this review, we summarize the function of S protein cytoplasmic tail in transportation and localization. S protein relies on intracellular trafficking pathways and palmitoylation modification to facilitate the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2, meanwhile it could interfere with the host transport pathways. The interplay between S protein and intracellular trafficking proteins could partially explain the acute symptoms or Long-COVID complications in multiple organs of COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlin Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Leiliang Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Development of a novel high-throughput screen for the identification of new inhibitors of protein S-acylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102469. [PMID: 36087837 PMCID: PMC9558053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible post-translational modification that modulates the localization and function of many cellular proteins. S-acylation is mediated by a family of zinc finger DHHC (Asp-His-His-Cys) domain–containing (zDHHC) proteins encoded by 23 distinct ZDHHC genes in the human genome. These enzymes catalyze S-acylation in a two-step process involving “autoacylation” of the cysteine residue in the catalytic DHHC motif followed by transfer of the acyl chain to a substrate cysteine. S-acylation is essential for many fundamental physiological processes, and there is growing interest in zDHHC enzymes as novel drug targets for a range of disorders. However, there is currently a lack of chemical modulators of S-acylation either for use as tool compounds or for potential development for therapeutic purposes. Here, we developed and implemented a novel FRET-based high-throughput assay for the discovery of compounds that interfere with autoacylation of zDHHC2, an enzyme that is implicated in neuronal S-acylation pathways. Our screen of >350,000 compounds identified two related tetrazole-containing compounds (TTZ-1 and TTZ-2) that inhibited both zDHHC2 autoacylation and substrate S-acylation in cell-free systems. These compounds were also active in human embryonic kidney 293T cells, where they inhibited the S-acylation of two substrates (SNAP25 and PSD95 [postsynaptic density protein 95]) mediated by different zDHHC enzymes, with some apparent isoform selectivity. Furthermore, we confirmed activity of the hit compounds through resynthesis, which provided sufficient quantities of material for further investigations. The assays developed provide novel strategies to screen for zDHHC inhibitors, and the identified compounds add to the chemical toolbox for interrogating cellular activities of zDHHC enzymes in S-acylation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Qiu T, Azizi SA, Brookes N, Lan T, Dickinson BC. A High-Throughput Fluorescent Turn-On Assay for Inhibitors of DHHC Family Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2018-2023. [PMID: 35816339 PMCID: PMC9391280 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
As the "writer" enzymes of protein S-acylation, a dynamic and functionally significant post-translational modification (PTM), DHHC family proteins have emerged in the past decade as both key modulators of cellular homeostasis and as drivers of neoplastic, autoimmune, metabolic, and neurological pathologies. Currently, biological and clinical discovery is hampered by the limitations of existing DHHC family inhibitors, which possess poor physicochemical properties and off-target profiles. However, progress in identifying new inhibitory scaffolds has been meager, in part due to a lack of robust in vitro assays suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS). Here, we report the development of palmitoyl transferase probes (PTPs), a novel family of turn-on pro-fluorescent molecules that mimic the palmitoyl-CoA substrate of DHHC proteins. We use the PTPs to develop and validate an assay with an excellent Z'-factor for HTS. We then perform a pilot screen of 1687 acrylamide-based molecules against zDHHC20, establishing the PTP-based HTS assay as a platform for the discovery of improved DHHC family inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Medical
Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Noah Brookes
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tong Lan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bryan C. Dickinson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vanhoutte R, Verhelst SHL. Combinatorial Optimization of Activity-Based Probes for Acyl Protein Thioesterases 1 and 2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1144-1150. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Vanhoutte
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven − University of Leuven, Herestraat 49,
Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven H. L. Verhelst
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven − University of Leuven, Herestraat 49,
Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- AG Chemical Proteomics, Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences − ISAS, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guns J, Vanherle S, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ. Protein Lipidation by Palmitate Controls Macrophage Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030565. [PMID: 35159374 PMCID: PMC8834383 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are present in all tissues within our body, where they promote tissue homeostasis by responding to microenvironmental triggers, not only through clearance of pathogens and apoptotic cells but also via trophic, regulatory, and repair functions. To accomplish these divergent functions, tremendous dynamic fine-tuning of their physiology is needed. Emerging evidence indicates that S-palmitoylation, a reversible post-translational modification that involves the linkage of the saturated fatty acid palmitate to protein cysteine residues, directs many aspects of macrophage physiology in health and disease. By controlling protein activity, stability, trafficking, and protein–protein interactions, studies identified a key role of S-palmitoylation in endocytosis, inflammatory signaling, chemotaxis, and lysosomal function. Here, we provide an in-depth overview of the impact of S-palmitoylation on these cellular processes in macrophages in health and disease. Findings discussed in this review highlight the therapeutic potential of modulators of S-palmitoylation in immunopathologies, ranging from infectious and chronic inflammatory disorders to metabolic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Guns
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.G.); (S.V.); (J.J.A.H.)
- University MS Center, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.G.); (S.V.); (J.J.A.H.)
- University MS Center, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.G.); (S.V.); (J.J.A.H.)
- University MS Center, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F. J. Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (J.G.); (S.V.); (J.J.A.H.)
- University MS Center, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1126-9261
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Golgi Apparatus Regulates Plasma Membrane Composition and Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030368. [PMID: 35159178 PMCID: PMC8834378 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi apparatus is the central component of the mammalian secretory pathway and it regulates the biosynthesis of the plasma membrane through three distinct but interacting processes: (a) processing of protein and lipid cargoes; (b) creation of a sharp transition in membrane lipid composition by non-vesicular transport of lipids; and (c) vesicular sorting of proteins and lipids at the trans-Golgi network to target them to appropriate compartments. We discuss the molecules involved in these processes and their importance in physiology and development. We also discuss how mutations in these molecules affect plasma membrane composition and signaling leading to genetic diseases and cancer.
Collapse
|
47
|
Main A, Boguslavskyi A, Howie J, Kuo CW, Rankin A, Burton FL, Smith GL, Hajjar R, Baillie GS, Campbell KS, Shattock MJ, Fuller W. Dynamic but discordant alterations in zDHHC5 expression and palmitoylation of its substrates in cardiac pathologies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1023237. [PMID: 36277202 PMCID: PMC9581287 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1023237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is an essential lipid modification catalysed by zDHHC-palmitoyl acyltransferases that regulates the localisation and activity of substrates in every class of protein and tissue investigated to date. In the heart, S-palmitoylation regulates sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX1) inactivation, phospholemman (PLM) inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase, Nav1.5 influence on membrane excitability and membrane localisation of heterotrimeric G-proteins. The cell surface localised enzyme zDHHC5 palmitoylates NCX1 and PLM and is implicated in injury during anoxia/reperfusion. Little is known about how palmitoylation remodels in cardiac diseases. We investigated expression of zDHHC5 in animal models of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure (HF), along with HF tissue from humans. zDHHC5 expression increased rapidly during onset of LVH, whilst HF was associated with decreased zDHHC5 expression. Paradoxically, palmitoylation of the zDHHC5 substrate NCX1 was significantly reduced in LVH but increased in human HF, while palmitoylation of the zDHHC5 substrate PLM was unchanged in all settings. Overexpression of zDHHC5 in rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes did not alter palmitoylation of its substrates or overall cardiomyocyte contractility, suggesting changes in zDHHC5 expression in disease may not be a primary driver of pathology. zDHHC5 itself is regulated by post-translational modifications, including palmitoylation in its C-terminal tail. We found that in HF palmitoylation of zDHHC5 changed in the same manner as palmitoylation of NCX1, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms may be involved. This study provides novel evidence that palmitoylation of cardiac substrates is altered in the setting of HF, and that expression of zDHHC5 is dysregulated in both hypertrophy and HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Main
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andri Boguslavskyi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Howie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chien-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Rankin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francis L Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Flagship Pioneering, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michael J Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|