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Primak A, Bozov K, Rubina K, Dzhauari S, Neyfeld E, Illarionova M, Semina E, Sheleg D, Tkachuk V, Karagyaur M. Morphogenetic theory of mental and cognitive disorders: the role of neurotrophic and guidance molecules. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1361764. [PMID: 38646100 PMCID: PMC11027769 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1361764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mental illness and cognitive disorders represent a serious problem for the modern society. Many studies indicate that mental disorders are polygenic and that impaired brain development may lay the ground for their manifestation. Neural tissue development is a complex and multistage process that involves a large number of distant and contact molecules. In this review, we have considered the key steps of brain morphogenesis, and the major molecule families involved in these process. The review provides many indications of the important contribution of the brain development process and correct functioning of certain genes to human mental health. To our knowledge, this comprehensive review is one of the first in this field. We suppose that this review may be useful to novice researchers and clinicians wishing to navigate the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Primak
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Bozov
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stalik Dzhauari
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Neyfeld
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Illarionova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Semina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Sheleg
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Education “A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Tkachuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Karagyaur
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Merzah M, Natae S, Sándor J, Fiatal S. Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) of the Mesocorticolimbic System Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:109. [PMID: 38254998 PMCID: PMC10815084 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system is crucial in developing risky health behaviors which lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although there is some knowledge of the MCL system genes linked to CVDs and T2D, a comprehensive list is lacking, underscoring the significance of this review. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched intensively for articles related to the MCL system, single nucleotide variants (SNVs, formerly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs), CVDs, T2D, and associated risk factors. Included studies had to involve a genotype with at least one MCL system gene (with an identified SNV) for all participants and the analysis of its link to CVDs, T2D, or associated risk factors. The quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Q-Genie tool. The VEP and DAVID tools were used to annotate and interpret genetic variants and identify enriched pathways and gene ontology terms associated with the gene list. The review identified 77 articles that met the inclusion criteria. These articles provided information on 174 SNVs related to the MCL system that were linked to CVDs, T2D, or associated risk factors. The COMT gene was found to be significantly related to hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and drug abuse, with rs4680 being the most commonly reported variant. This systematic review found a strong association between the MCL system and the risk of developing CVDs and T2D, suggesting that identifying genetic variations related to this system could help with disease prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Merzah
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shewaye Natae
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Fiatal
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.)
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Alrfooh A, Smith RM. Genetic and epigenetic analysis of the serotonin 2A receptor in the context of cocaine abuse. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1246-1258. [PMID: 34813393 PMCID: PMC9543049 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.2005277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than 2 million American cocaine users monthly, there is no approved drug for treating cocaine use disorder. Cocaine use disorder has a multifactorial aetiology, including both genetic and environmental factors. Both cocaine use and genetic variations demonstrably alter DNA methylation and gene expression in the brain in a complex manner. How these factors interact in the context of cocaine abuse in humans is unknown. We propose that we can identify potential drug targets for treating cocaine use disorders by examining genetic, epigenetic, and expression changes in the brains of individuals that abused cocaine. In this study, we identified the interaction between the epigenetics changes (DNA CpG methylation) and genetic variants (SNPs) in the HTR2A gene in the context of cocaine addiction by using brain tissue collected from individuals that overdosed on cocaine (N = 14) and healthy matched controls (N = 16). We generated DNA CpG methylation profiles in eight regions of HTR2A harbouring frequent SNPs, measuring both allelic and total methylation, and compared these methylation profiles with HTR2A mRNA expression. Furthermore, we examined the influence of common variants rs6311 and rs6313 on cocaine abuse, methylation, and gene expression. We found evidence that rs6311 regulates HTR2A methylation, consistent with earlier studies. Furthermore, the minor alleles for rs6311 and rs6313 are associated with significantly increased expression of a splice isoform in which exon 2 is truncated in both cocaine and control samples. These results reveal specific roles for HTR2A in the context of cocaine abuse, highlighting opportunities to modulate this target for treating cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysheh Alrfooh
- Department Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Experimental Therapeutics, College Of Pharmacy, University Of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ryan M. Smith
- Department Of Pharmaceutical Sciences And Experimental Therapeutics, College Of Pharmacy, University Of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Fiorentini A, Cantù F, Crisanti C, Cereda G, Oldani L, Brambilla P. Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:694863. [PMID: 35002789 PMCID: PMC8732862 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.694863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: On the current psychopharmacological panorama, the variety of substances able to provoke an episode of acute psychosis is rapidly increasing. Such psychotic episodes are classified according to the major category of symptoms: positive, negative, or cognitive psychotic episodes. On one hand, the abuse of methamphetamines, cannabis, and cocaine plays a big role in increasing the incidence of episodes resembling a psychotic disorder. On the other hand, the progress in terms of pharmacodynamics knowledge has led to the synthesis of new drugs, such as cannabinoids and cathinone's, which have rapidly entered into the common pool of abusers' habits. Regarding these newly synthesized substances of abuse, further clinical studies are needed to understand their psychogenic properties. The topic of this review is complicated due to the frequent abuse of psychotomimetic drugs by patients affected by psychotic disorders, a fact that makes it extremely difficult to distinguish between an induced psychosis and a re-exacerbation of a previously diagnosed disorder. Methods: The present narrative review summarizes results from clinical studies, thus investigating the psychotogenic properties of abused substances and the psychotic symptoms they can give rise to. It also discusses the association between substance abuse and psychosis, especially with regards to the differential diagnosis between a primary vs. a substance-induced psychotic disorder. Findings: Our findings support the theory that psychosis due to substance abuse is commonly observed in clinical practice. The propensity to develop psychosis seems to be a function of the severity of use and addiction. Of note, from a phenomenological point of view, it is possible to identify some elements that may help clinicians involved in differential diagnoses between primary and substance-induced psychoses. There remains a striking paucity of information on the outcomes, treatments, and best practices of substance-induced psychotic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fiorentini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Cantù
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Crisanti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Cereda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucio Oldani
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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In vitro monitoring of HTR2A-positive neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15437. [PMID: 34326453 PMCID: PMC8322101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) has been receiving increasing attention because its genetic variants have been associated with a variety of neurological diseases. To elucidate the pathogenesis of the neurological diseases associated with 5-HT2AR gene (HTR2A) variants, we have previously established a protocol to induce HTR2A-expressing neurons from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Here, we investigated the maturation stages and electrophysiological properties of HTR2A-positive neurons induced from hiPSCs and constructed an HTR2A promoter-specific reporter lentivirus to label the neurons. We found that neuronal maturity increased over time and that HTR2A expression was induced at the late stage of neuronal maturation. Furthermore, we demonstrated successful labelling of the HTR2A-positive neurons, which had fluorescence and generated repetitive action potentials in response to depolarizing currents and an inward current during the application of TCB-2, a selective agonist of 5-HT2ARs, respectively. These results indicated that our in vitro model mimicked the in vivo dynamics of 5-HT2AR. Therefore, in vitro monitoring of the function of HTR2A-positive neurons induced from hiPSCs could help elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological diseases associated with genetic variations of the HTR2A gene.
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Pineda-Cirera L, Cabana-Domínguez J, Grau-López L, Daigre C, Sánchez-Mora C, Palma-Álvarez RF, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Cormand B, Fernàndez-Castillo N. Exploring allele specific methylation in drug dependence susceptibility. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:474-482. [PMID: 32917399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug dependence is a neuropsychiatric condition that involves genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Allele-specific methylation (ASM) is a common and stable epigenetic mechanism that involves genetic variants correlating with differential levels of methylation at CpG sites. We selected 182 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) described to influence cis ASM in human brain regions to evaluate their possible contribution to drug dependence susceptibility. We performed a case-control association study in a discovery sample of 578 drug-dependent patients (including 428 cocaine-dependent subjects) and 656 controls from Spain, and then, we followed-up the significant associations in an independent sample of 1119 cases (including 589 cocaine-dependent subjects) and 1092 controls. In the discovery sample, we identified five nominal associations, one of them replicated in the follow-up sample (rs6020251). The pooled analysis revealed an association between drug dependence and rs6020251 but also rs11585570, both overcoming the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. We performed the same analysis considering only cocaine-dependent patients and obtained similar results. The rs6020251 variant correlates with differential methylation levels of cg17974185 and lies in the first intron of the CTNNBL1 gene, in a genomic region with multiple histone marks related to enhancer and promoter regions in brain. Rs11585570 is an eQTL in brain and blood for the SCP2 and ECHDC2 genes and correlates with differential methylation of cg27535305 and cg13461509, located in the promoter regions of both genes. To conclude, using an approach that combines genetic and epigenetic data, we highlighted the CTNNBL1, SCP2 and ECHDC2 genes as potential contributors to drug dependence susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Constanza Daigre
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Felipe Palma-Álvarez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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Pineda-Cirera L, Cabana-Domínguez J, Roncero C, Cozar M, Grau-López L, Abad AC, Martínez-Luna N, Robles-Martínez M, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Casas M, Ribasés M, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cormand B. Evaluation of previous substance dependence genome-wide significant findings in a Spanish sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 187:358-362. [PMID: 29715653 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance dependence is a chronic and relapsing disorder explained by genetic and environmental risk factors. The aim of our study is to replicate previous genome-wide significant (GWS) hits identified in substance dependence in general or in cocaine dependence in particular using an independent sample from Spain. METHODS We evaluated, in a Spanish sample of 1711 subjects with substance dependence (1011 of them cocaine dependent) and 1719 control individuals, three SNPs identified as GWS in previous studies: rs1868152 and rs2952621 (located near LINC02052 and LINC01854, respectively), associated with substance dependence, and rs2629540 (in the first intron of FAM53B), associated with cocaine dependence. RESULTS We replicated the association between rs2952621 and substance dependence under the dominant model (P = 0.020), with the risk allele (T) being the same in our sample and in those two reported previously. We then performed a meta-analysis of the two samples used in the original study that reported the association of rs2952621 with substance dependence (Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) and Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE)) together with our Spanish sample. The meta-analysis of 3747 cases and 4043 controls confirmed the association (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.15-1.39). CONCLUSIONS The rs2952621 variant, located downstream from the yet uncharacterized gene LINC01854, is associated with substance dependence in our Spanish sample. Further research is needed to understand its contribution to the susceptibility to substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex and Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Castile and Leon, Spain
| | - Mònica Cozar
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfonso C Abad
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nieves Martínez-Luna
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Robles-Martínez
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- Psychiatry Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Edifici Mediterrània, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 280029, Madrid, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu 2, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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8
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Salatino-Oliveira A, Rohde LA, Hutz MH. The dopamine transporter role in psychiatric phenotypes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:211-231. [PMID: 28766921 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is one of the most relevant and investigated neurotransmitter transporters. DAT is a plasma membrane protein which plays a homeostatic role, controlling both extracellular and intracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA). Since unbalanced DA levels are known to be involved in numerous mental disorders, a wealth of investigations has provided valuable insights concerning DAT role into normal brain functioning and pathological processes. Briefly, this extensive but non-systematic review discusses what is recently known about the role of SLC6A3 gene which encodes the dopamine transporter in psychiatric phenotypes. DAT protein, SLC6A3 gene, animal models, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging investigations are also concisely discussed. To conclude, current challenges are reviewed in order to provide perspectives for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A Rohde
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute for Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara H Hutz
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Randesi M, van den Brink W, Levran O, Yuferov V, Blanken P, van Ree JM, Ott J, Kreek MJ. Dopamine gene variants in opioid addiction: comparison of dependent patients, nondependent users and healthy controls. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 19:95-104. [PMID: 29210332 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether specific dopaminergic system gene variants are associated with opioid dependence. PATIENTS & METHODS Subjects included 153 healthy controls, 163 opioid exposed, but not dependent and 281 opioid dependent. Genotypes of 90 variants in 13 genes were examined. RESULTS The most significant results were obtained for DA β-hydroxylase variants, rs2073837 and rs1611131, which were associated with protection from addiction (q = 0.0172, 0.0415, respectively) and the functional TH variant, rs2070762, was associated with more risk (q = 0.0387). The three variants also showed a combined effect that remained significant after correction for multiple testing (pfinal = 0.0039). CONCLUSION These data offer support that dopaminergic gene variants have a role in opioid dependence and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Randesi
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH), Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Orna Levran
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vadim Yuferov
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter Blanken
- Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH), Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC, Brijder Addiction Treatment) PO Box 53002, 2505 AA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M van Ree
- Central Committee on the Treatment of Heroin Addicts (CCBH), Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurg Ott
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
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10
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Cabana-Domínguez J, Roncero C, Pineda-Cirera L, Palma-Álvarez RF, Ros-Cucurull E, Grau-López L, Esojo A, Casas M, Arenas C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Ribasés M, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Cormand B. Association of the PLCB1 gene with drug dependence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10110. [PMID: 28860459 PMCID: PMC5579249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to drug addiction still remain largely unknown. MiRNAs seem to play key roles in the drug-induced plasticity of the brain that likely drives the emergence of addiction. In this work we explored the role of miRNAs in drug addiction. With this aim, we selected 62 SNPs located in the 3'UTR of target genes that are predicted to alter the binding of miRNA molecules and performed a case-control association study in a Spanish sample of 735 cases (mainly cocaine-dependent subjects with multiple drug dependencies) and 739 controls. We found an association between rs1047383 in the PLCB1 gene and drug dependence that was replicated in an independent sample (663 cases and 667 controls). Then we selected 9 miRNAs predicted to bind the rs1047383 region, but none of them showed any effect on PLCB1 expression. We also assessed two miRNAs binding a region that contains a SNP in linkage disequilibrium with rs1047383, but although one of them, hsa-miR-582, was found to downregulate PLCB1, no differences were observed between alleles. Finally, we explored the possibility that PLCB1 expression is altered by cocaine and we observed a significant upregulation of the gene in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine abusers and in human dopaminergic-like neurons after cocaine treatment. Our results, together with previous studies, suggest that PLCB1 participates in the susceptibility to drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Cabana-Domínguez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Pineda-Cirera
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Felipe Palma-Álvarez
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Abderaman Esojo
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit Vall Hebron, Psychiatric Services, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-ASPB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Concepció Arenas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IR-SJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
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11
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A Highly Polymorphic Copy Number Variant in the NSF Gene is Associated with Cocaine Dependence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31033. [PMID: 27498889 PMCID: PMC4976312 DOI: 10.1038/srep31033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine dependence is a complex psychiatric disorder involving both genetic and environmental factors. Several neurotransmitter systems mediate cocaine’s effects, dependence and relapse, being the components of the neurotransmitter release machinery good candidates for the disorder. Previously, we identified a risk haplotype for cocaine dependence in the NSF gene, encoding the protein N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor essential for synaptic vesicle turnover. Here we examined the possible contribution to cocaine dependence of a large copy number variant (CNV) that encompasses part of the NSF gene. We performed a case-control association study in a discovery sample (359 cases and 356 controls) and identified an association between cocaine dependence and the CNV (P = 0.013), that was confirmed in the replication sample (508 cases and 569 controls, P = 7.1e-03) and in a pooled analysis (P = 1.8e-04), with an over-representation of low number of copies in cases. Subsequently, we studied the functional impact of the CNV on gene expression and found that the levels of two NSF transcripts were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) along with the number of copies of the CNV. These results, together with a previous study from our group, support the role of NSF in the susceptibility to cocaine dependence.
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12
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Transcriptomic and genetic studies identify NFAT5 as a candidate gene for cocaine dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e667. [PMID: 26506053 PMCID: PMC4930134 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine reward and reinforcing effects are mediated mainly by dopaminergic neurotransmission. In this study, we aimed at evaluating gene expression changes induced by acute cocaine exposure on SH-SY5Y-differentiated cells, which have been widely used as a dopaminergic neuronal model. Expression changes and a concomitant increase in neuronal activity were observed after a 5 μM cocaine exposure, whereas no changes in gene expression or in neuronal activity took place at 1 μM cocaine. Changes in gene expression were identified in a total of 756 genes, mainly related to regulation of transcription and gene expression, cell cycle, adhesion and cell projection, as well as mitogen-activeated protein kinase (MAPK), CREB, neurotrophin and neuregulin signaling pathways. Some genes displaying altered expression were subsequently targeted with predicted functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case-control association study in a sample of 806 cocaine-dependent patients and 817 controls. This study highlighted associations between cocaine dependence and five SNPs predicted to alter microRNA binding at the 3'-untranslated region of the NFAT5 gene. The association of SNP rs1437134 with cocaine dependence survived the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. A functional effect was confirmed for this variant by a luciferase reporter assay, with lower expression observed for the rs1437134G allele, which was more pronounced in the presence of hsa-miR-509. However, brain volumes in regions of relevance to addiction, as assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, did not correlate with NFAT5 variation. These results suggest that the NFAT5 gene, which is upregulated a few hours after cocaine exposure, may be involved in the genetic predisposition to cocaine dependence.
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13
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Roncero C, Daigre C, Grau-López L, Barral C, Pérez-Pazos J, Martínez-Luna N, Casas M. An international perspective and review of cocaine-induced psychosis: a call to action. Subst Abus 2015; 35:321-7. [PMID: 24927026 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2014.933726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use can induce transient psychotic symptoms that include suspiciousness, paranoia, hallucinations, and other cocaine-related behaviors. In this commentary, the authors provide an international perspective while reviewing the recent advances in epidemiology, clinical features, and risk factors related to cocaine-induced psychosis exhibited by patients with cocaine use disorders. In some settings, the occurrence of cocaine-induced psychosis has been shown to be as high as 86.5%. Many risk factors have been linked with cocaine-induced psychosis, including the quantity of cocaine consumed, lifetime amount of cocaine use, onset of cocaine dependence, years of use, routes of administration, other substance use disorder comorbidity, weight, gender, comorbidity with other medical and mental health disorders, genetics, and pharmacological interactions. Research has shown that the evaluation of cocaine-induced psychosis in patients with cocaine use is clinically relevant, especially in those patients who consume high amounts of cocaine, have a cannabis dependence history, have antisocial personality disorder, use administration routes other than intranasal, or exhibit attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity. Currently, the literature lacks information regarding the evolution of cocaine dependence or cocaine-dependent patients' risk for developing schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. Furthermore, clinicians still do not have an evidence-based pharmacological approach to management of cocaine dependence available to them. Additional research is also needed regarding risk factors such as neurobiological markers and personality traits. Finally, we recommend the development of an integrative model including all of the risk factors and protective factors for cocaine-induced psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roncero
- a Outpatient Drug Clinic (CAS), Vall Hebron Psychiatry Department , University Hospital Vall d'Hebron-Barcelona Public Health Agency (ASPB) , Barcelona , Spain
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14
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Levran O, Peles E, Randesi M, Correa da Rosa J, Ott J, Rotrosen J, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Susceptibility loci for heroin and cocaine addiction in the serotonergic and adrenergic pathways in populations of different ancestry. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1329-42. [PMID: 26227246 PMCID: PMC4896084 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction is influenced by genetic factors. AIM To determine if genetic variants in the serotonergic and adrenergic pathways are associated with heroin and/or cocaine addiction. SUBJECTS & METHODS The study examined 140 polymorphisms in 19 genes in 1855 subjects with predominantly European or African ancestries. RESULTS A total of 38 polymorphisms (13 genes) showed nominal associations, including novel associations in S100A10 (p11) and SLC18A2 (VMAT2). The association of HTR3B SNP rs11606194 with heroin addiction in the European ancestry subgroup remained significant after correction for multiple testing (p(corrected) = 0.04). CONCLUSION The study strengthens our previous findings of association of polymorphisms in HTR3A, HTR3B and ADRA1A. The study suggests partial overlap in genetic susceptibility between populations of different ancestry and between heroin and cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Einat Peles
- The Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Matthew Randesi
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Center for Clinical & Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jurg Ott
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Rotrosen
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System & NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Miriam Adelson
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Dr Miriam & Sheldon G Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse Treatment & Research, Las Vegas, NV 89169, USA
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Levran O, Randesi M, da Rosa JC, Ott J, Rotrosen J, Adelson M, Kreek MJ. Overlapping dopaminergic pathway genetic susceptibility to heroin and cocaine addictions in African Americans. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:188-98. [PMID: 25875614 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse activate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. Genetic variations in the dopaminergic system may contribute to drug addiction. Several processes are shared between cocaine and heroin addictions but some neurobiological mechanisms may be specific. This study examined the association of 98 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 13 dopamine-related genes with heroin addiction (OD) and/or cocaine addiction (CD) in a sample of 801 African Americans (315 subjects with OD ± CD, 279 subjects with CD, and 207 controls). Single-marker analyses provided nominally significant evidence for associations of 24 SNPs) in DRD1, ANKK1/DRD2, DRD3, DRD5, DBH, DDC, COMT and CSNK1E. A DRD2 7-SNPs haplotype that includes SNPs rs1075650 and rs2283265, which were shown to alter D2S/D2L splicing, was indicated in both addictions. The Met allele of the functional COMT Val158Met was associated with protection from OD. None of the signals remained significant after correction for multiple testing. The study results are in accordance with the results of previous studies, including our report of association of DRD1 SNP rs5326 with OD. The findings suggest the presence of an overlap in genetic susceptibility for OD and CD, as well as shared and distinct susceptibility for OD in subjects of African and European descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orna Levran
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Asadi-Ghalehni M, Motaghinejad O. Attenuation of morphine withdrawal signs, blood cortisol and glucose level with forced exercise in comparison with clonidine. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:171. [PMID: 25250285 PMCID: PMC4166059 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.139181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Morphine withdrawal usually results in undesired outcomes, despite partial benefits of alternative medication such as methadone, because of the lack of mental sedation during the withdrawal period, may not lead to the desired result. In this study, forced exercise by treadmill is used to manage morphine dependence in animal model. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male mice were divided into 5 groups, from which 4 groups became dependent by increasing daily doses of morphine for 6 days (20-45 mg/kg, SC). Afterwards, the animals were treated for 21 days by either of the following protocol: Positive control (dependent) received once daily 45 mg/kg of morphine sulfate (SC) for 21 day, group under treatment by clonidine (0.4 mg/kg, SC) for 21 day group under treatment by forced exercise by treadmill for 21 day, group under treatment by combination of clonidine (0.4 mg/kg, SC) and forced exercise by treadmill for 21day and the negative control group(independent) received saline injection like other groups. Each of this administration was injected at 8 AM. Finally, in the test day (day 28), all animals received a single dose of naloxone (3 mg/kg, SC) at 8 AM and then were observed for withdrawal signs, and Total Withdrawal Score (TWS) was determined as described previously. After withdrawal sign evaluation for evaluation of stress level of dependent mice, blood cortisol and glucose level were measured in non-fasting situations well. Results: This study showed that TWS significantly decreased in all treatment groups in comparison with positive control group (P < 0.001). Moreover, blood cortisol and glucose level significantly decreased in group under treatment by clonidine (0.4 mg/kg) and group under treatment by combination of clonidine (0.4 mg/kg) and forced exercise by treadmill groups in comparison with control positive (dependent) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that forced exercise can be useful as adjunct therapy in dependent people and can ameliorate side effects and stress situation of withdrawal syndrome periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Ghalehni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Diane A, Vine DF, Russell JC, Heth CD, Pierce WD, Proctor SD. Interrelationship of CB1R and OBR pathways in regulation of metabolic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to food restriction and voluntary wheel running. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:97-104. [PMID: 24903921 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01303.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized the cannabinoid-1 receptor and leptin receptor (ObR) operate synergistically to modulate metabolic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses of animals exposed to a survival challenge (food restriction and wheel running). Obese-prone (OP) JCR:LA-cp rats, lacking functional ObR, and lean-prone (LP) JCR:LA-cp rats (intact ObR) were assigned to OP-C and LP-C (control) or CBR1-antagonized (SR141716, 10 mg/kg body wt in food) OP-A and LP-A groups. After 32 days, all rats were exposed to 1.5-h daily meals without the drug and 22.5-h voluntary wheel running, a survival challenge that normally culminates in activity-based anorexia (ABA). Rats were removed from the ABA protocol when body weight reached 75% of entry weight (starvation criterion) or after 14 days (survival criterion). LP-A rats starved faster (6.44 ± 0.24 days) than LP-C animals (8.00 ± 0.29 days); all OP rats survived the ABA challenge. LP-A rats lost weight faster than animals in all other groups (P < 0.001). Consistent with the starvation results, LP-A rats increased the rate of wheel running more rapidly than LP-C rats (P = 0.001), with no difference in hypothalamic and primary neural reward serotonin levels. In contrast, OP-A rats showed suppression of wheel running compared with the OP-C group (days 6-14 of ABA challenge, P < 0.001) and decreased hypothalamic and neural reward serotonin levels (P < 0.01). Thus there is an interrelationship between cannabinoid-1 receptor and ObR pathways in regulation of energy balance and physical activity. Effective clinical measures to prevent and treat a variety of disorders will require understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoulaye Diane
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Donna F Vine
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - James C Russell
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - C Donald Heth
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - W David Pierce
- Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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18
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The role of serotonin in drug use and addiction. Behav Brain Res 2014; 277:146-92. [PMID: 24769172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of psychoactive drugs is a wide spread behaviour in human societies. The systematic use of a drug requires the establishment of different drug use-associated behaviours which need to be learned and controlled. However, controlled drug use may develop into compulsive drug use and addiction, a major psychiatric disorder with severe consequences for the individual and society. Here we review the role of the serotonergic (5-HT) system in the establishment of drug use-associated behaviours on the one hand and the transition and maintenance of addiction on the other hand for the drugs: cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), morphine/heroin, cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine. Results show a crucial, but distinct involvement of the 5-HT system in both processes with considerable overlap between psychostimulant and opioidergic drugs and alcohol. A new functional model suggests specific adaptations in the 5-HT system, which coincide with the establishment of controlled drug use-associated behaviours. These serotonergic adaptations render the nervous system susceptible to the transition to compulsive drug use behaviours and often overlap with genetic risk factors for addiction. Altogether we suggest a new trajectory by which serotonergic neuroadaptations induced by first drug exposure pave the way for the establishment of addiction.
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19
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Herring MP, Sailors MH, Bray MS. Genetic factors in exercise adoption, adherence and obesity. Obes Rev 2014; 15:29-39. [PMID: 24034448 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise play critical roles in energy balance. While many interventions targeted at increasing physical activity have demonstrated efficacy in promoting weight loss or maintenance in the short term, long term adherence to such programmes is not frequently observed. Numerous factors have been examined for their ability to predict and/or influence physical activity and exercise adherence. Although physical activity has been demonstrated to have a strong genetic component in both animals and humans, few studies have examined the association between genetic variation and exercise adherence. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the non-genetic and genetic predictors of physical activity and adherence to exercise. In addition, we report the results of analysis of 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms in six candidate genes examined for association to exercise adherence, duration, intensity and total exercise dose in young adults from the Training Interventions and Genetics of Exercise Response (TIGER) Study. Based on both animal and human research, neural signalling and pleasure/reward systems in the brain may drive in large part the propensity to be physically active and to adhere to an exercise programme. Adherence/compliance research in other fields may inform future investigation of the genetics of exercise adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Herring
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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20
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Tristán-Noguero A, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Roncero C, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Daigre C, Egido A, Alvarós J, Prat G, Casas M, Cormand B, Ribasés M. Lack of association between the LPR and VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene and cocaine dependence in a Spanish sample. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:1287-9. [PMID: 24120036 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We genotyped the LPR and VNTR polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene in 504 cocaine-dependent patients and 508 controls. No association was detected with either polymorphism or with any haplotype combination. This study provided no evidence that these polymorphisms confer susceptibility to cocaine dependence in our sample.
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21
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Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Garcia-Martínez I, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Bosch R, Richarte V, Palomar G, Nogueira M, Corrales M, Daigre C, Martínez-Luna N, Grau-Lopez L, Toma C, Cormand B, Roncero C, Casas M, Ribasés M. Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the miR-183-96-182 cluster in adulthood attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1463-73. [PMID: 23906647 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by inappropriate and impaired levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Around 75% of adults with ADHD show comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders such as disruptive behavior disorders or substance use disorders (SUDs). Recently, there has been growing interest in studying the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the susceptibility to complex disorders. Interestingly, converging evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNAs or miRNA target sites may modulate the miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression through the alteration of the miRNA maturation, structure or expression pattern as well as the silencing mechanisms of target genes. Genetic studies and animal models support the involvement of the serotonin receptor (HTR1B) in ADHD. We evaluated the contribution of one SNP in the miR-96 target site at HTR1B and eight tagSNPs within the genomic region containing this miRNA in 695 adults with ADHD (266 and 396 subjects with and without comorbid SUD, respectively), 403 subjects with SUD without life-time diagnosis of ADHD and 485 sex-matched controls from Spain. Single and multiple marker analyses revealed association between two SNPs located at the 3' region of miR-96 (rs2402959 and rs6965643) and ADHD without SUD. Our results provide preliminary evidence for the contribution of two sequence variants at the miR-183-96-182 cluster to ADHD without comorbid SUD, and emphasize the need to take comorbidities into account in genetic studies to minimize the effect of heterogeneity and to clarify these complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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