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Sun J, Yan Y, Zhang B, Liu W, Dou S, Wang X, Huang J, Chen D, Wang C, Han X, Pan Q. Changes in productivity partitioning induced by precipitation extremes increase inaccuracy of grassland carbon estimation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17404. [PMID: 38967125 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The fraction of net primary productivity (NPP) allocated to belowground organs (fBNPP) in grasslands is a critical parameter in global carbon cycle models; moreover, understanding the effect of precipitation changes on this parameter is vital to accurately estimating carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems. However, how fBNPP responds to temporal precipitation changes along a gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness, remains unclear, mainly due to the lack of long-term data of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and the fact that most precipitation experiments did not have a gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness. Here, by conducting both a precipitation gradient experiment (100-500 mm) and a long-term observational study (34 years) in the Inner Mongolia grassland, we showed that fBNPP decreased linearly along the precipitation gradient from extreme drought to extreme wetness due to stronger responses in aboveground NPP to drought and wet conditions than those of BNPP. Our further meta-analysis in grasslands worldwide also indicated that fBNPP increased when precipitation decreased, and the vice versa. Such a consistent pattern of fBNPP response suggests that plants increase the belowground allocation with decreasing precipitation, while increase the aboveground allocation with increasing precipitation. Thus, the linearly decreasing response pattern in fBNPP should be incorporated into models that forecast carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems; failure to do so will lead to underestimation of the carbon stock in drought years and overestimation of the carbon stock in wet years in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Center for Science Communication and Achievement Transformation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shande Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dima Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qingmin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Tao X, Yang Z, Feng J, Jian S, Yang Y, Bates CT, Wang G, Guo X, Ning D, Kempher ML, Liu XJA, Ouyang Y, Han S, Wu L, Zeng Y, Kuang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Shi Z, Qin W, Wang J, Firestone MK, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Experimental warming accelerates positive soil priming in a temperate grassland ecosystem. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1178. [PMID: 38331994 PMCID: PMC10853207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45277-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Unravelling biosphere feedback mechanisms is crucial for predicting the impacts of global warming. Soil priming, an effect of fresh plant-derived carbon (C) on native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, is a key feedback mechanism that could release large amounts of soil C into the atmosphere. However, the impacts of climate warming on soil priming remain elusive. Here, we show that experimental warming accelerates soil priming by 12.7% in a temperate grassland. Warming alters bacterial communities, with 38% of unique active phylotypes detected under warming. The functional genes essential for soil C decomposition are also stimulated, which could be linked to priming effects. We incorporate lab-derived information into an ecosystem model showing that model parameter uncertainty can be reduced by 32-37%. Model simulations from 2010 to 2016 indicate an increase in soil C decomposition under warming, with a 9.1% rise in priming-induced CO2 emissions. If our findings can be generalized to other ecosystems over an extended period of time, soil priming could play an important role in terrestrial C cycle feedbacks and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Siyang Jian
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Colin T Bates
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, and State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xiao Jun A Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yang Ouyang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Shun Han
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Linwei Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yufei Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Kuang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Xishu Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zheng Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Wei Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Mary K Firestone
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, CA, 94720, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
- School of Computer Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA.
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3
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Lei J, Su Y, Jian S, Guo X, Yuan M, Bates CT, Shi ZJ, Li J, Su Y, Ning D, Wu L, Zhou J, Yang Y. Warming effects on grassland soil microbial communities are amplified in cool months. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae088. [PMID: 38747385 PMCID: PMC11170927 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Global warming modulates soil respiration (RS) via microbial decomposition, which is seasonally dependent. Yet, the magnitude and direction of this modulation remain unclear, partly owing to the lack of knowledge on how microorganisms respond to seasonal changes. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of soil microbial communities over 12 consecutive months under experimental warming in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem. The interplay between warming and time altered (P < 0.05) the taxonomic and functional compositions of microbial communities. During the cool months (January to February and October to December), warming induced a soil microbiome with a higher genomic potential for carbon decomposition, community-level ribosomal RNA operon (rrn) copy numbers, and microbial metabolic quotients, suggesting that warming stimulated fast-growing microorganisms that enhanced carbon decomposition. Modeling analyses further showed that warming reduced the temperature sensitivity of microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) by 28.7% when monthly average temperature was low, resulting in lower microbial CUE and higher heterotrophic respiration (Rh) potentials. Structural equation modeling showed that warming modulated both Rh and RS directly by altering soil temperature and indirectly by influencing microbial community traits, soil moisture, nitrate content, soil pH, and gross primary productivity. The modulation of Rh by warming was more pronounced in cooler months compared to warmer ones. Together, our findings reveal distinct warming-induced effects on microbial functional traits in cool months, challenging the norm of soil sampling only in the peak growing season, and advancing our mechanistic understanding of the seasonal pattern of RS and Rh sensitivity to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesi Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanlong Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siyang Jian
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Xue Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States
| | - Colin T Bates
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Zhou Jason Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Jiabao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Environmental Microbiology & Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yifan Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Ma F, Yan Y, Svenning JC, Quan Q, Peng J, Zhang R, Wang J, Tian D, Zhou Q, Niu S. Opposing effects of warming on the stability of above- and belowground productivity in facing an extreme drought event. Ecology 2024; 105:e4193. [PMID: 37882140 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming, often accompanied by extreme drought events, could have profound effects on both plant community structure and ecosystem functioning. However, how warming interacts with extreme drought to affect community- and ecosystem-level stability remains a largely open question. Using data from a manipulative experiment with three warming treatments in an alpine meadow that experienced one extreme drought event, we investigated how warming modulates resistance and recovery of community structural and ecosystem functional stability in facing with extreme drought. We found warming decreased resistance and recovery of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and structural resistance but increased resistance and recovery of belowground net primary productivity (BNPP), overall net primary productivity (NPP), and structural recovery. The findings highlight the importance of jointly considering above- and belowground processes when evaluating ecosystem stability under global warming and extreme climate events. The stability of dominant species, rather than species richness and species asynchrony, was identified as a key predictor of ecosystem functional resistance and recovery, except for BNPP recovery. In addition, structural resistance of common species contributed strongly to the resistance changes in BNPP and NPP. Importantly, community structural resistance and recovery dominated the resistance and recovery of BNPP and NPP, but not for ANPP, suggesting the different mechanisms underlie the maintenance of stability of above- versus belowground productivity. This study is among the first to explain that warming modulates ecosystem stability in the face of extreme drought and lay stress on the need to investigate ecological stability at the community level for a more mechanistic understanding of ecosystem stability in response to climate extremes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Ecological Dynamics in a Novel Biosphere (ECONOVO) and Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Quan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Luo C, Fang Z, Liu J, Han F, Wu Y, Bing H, Zhao P. Root carbon and soil temperature may be key drivers of below-ground biomass in grassland following prescribed fires in autumn and spring. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119337. [PMID: 37951102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Under global warming, fire and the season in which the fire occurs both have important impacts on grassland plant biomass. Still, the effect of fire on below-ground biomass (BB) along a natural aridity gradient and the main impact factors remain unclear. Here, we conducted a fire manipulation experiment (including un-fired, autumn fire and spring fire treatments) to investigate the effects of prescribed fire on BB and its critical determinants along a transect of grassland in northern China. BB had different response strategies in different aridity regions and fire seasons, despite above-ground biomass (AB) and root-shoot ratio were not significantly affected by fire. General linear regression models revealed that the fire changed the trend of increasing BB to decreasing along increasing aridity (p < 0.05). Random forest model (RFM) and partial correlations revealed that the BB was primarily influenced by aridity, followed by the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration ratio of AB under un-fired disturbance. For autumn fire, the BB was primarily influenced by below-ground biomass carbon concentration (BB c), followed by the C and N concentration ratio of BB. For spring fire, the BB was primarily influenced by soil temperature (ST), followed by aridity and soil total phosphorus concentration (Soil p). Furthermore, partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) revealed that autumn fires weakened the effects of environmental factors on BB, while spring fires enhanced the effects of soil nutrients on BB. These suggested that fire disrupted the original stable nutrient dynamics of BB. Our results suggested that fire promoted the growth of BB in relatively humid areas (aridity = 0.51-0.53) while inhibited the growth of BB in relatively arid areas (aridity = 0.68-0.74). BB c and ST may be key drivers of BB after prescribed fire in autumn and spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fengpeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Guasconi D, Manzoni S, Hugelius G. Climate-dependent responses of root and shoot biomass to drought duration and intensity in grasslands-a meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166209. [PMID: 37572920 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of altered precipitation regimes on root biomass in grasslands is crucial for predicting grassland responses to climate change. Nonetheless, studies investigating the effects of drought on belowground vegetation have produced mixed results. In particular, root biomass under reduced precipitation may increase, decrease or show a delayed response compared to shoot biomass, highlighting a knowledge gap in the relationship between belowground net primary production and drought. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 100 field observations of grassland root and shoot biomass changes under experimental rainfall reduction to disentangle the main drivers behind grassland responses to drought. Using a response-ratio approach we tested the hypothesis that water scarcity would induce a decrease in total biomass, but an increase in belowground biomass allocation with increased drought length and intensity, and that climate (as defined by the aridity index of the study location) would be an additional predictor. As expected, meteorological drought decreased root and shoot biomass, but aboveground and belowground biomass exhibited contrasting responses to drought duration and intensity, and their interaction with climate. In particular, drought duration had negative effects on root biomass only in wet climates while more intense drought had negative effects on root biomass only in dry climates. Shoot biomass responded negatively to drought duration regardless of climate. These results show that long-term climate is an important modulator of belowground vegetation responses to drought, which might be a consequence of different drought tolerance and adaptation strategies. This variability in vegetation responses to drought suggests that physiological plasticity and community composition shifts may mediate how climate affects carbon allocation in grasslands, and thus ultimately carbon storage in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guasconi
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Hugelius
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Zhang A, Yin J, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhou X, Guo H. Plants alter their aboveground and belowground biomass allocation and affect community-level resistance in response to snow cover change in Central Asia, Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166059. [PMID: 37543343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
It is important to elucidate the changing distribution pattern of net primary productivity (NPP) to mechanistically understand the changes in aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions. In water-scarce desert environments, snow provides a crucial supply of water for plant development and the spread of herbaceous species. Yet uncertainty persists regarding how herbaceous plants' NPP allocation responds to variation in snow cover. The goal of this study was to investigate how variation in snow cover in a temperate desert influenced the NPP allocation dynamics of herbaceous species and their resistance to environmental change in terms aboveground and belowground productivity. In the Gurbantunggut Desert, wintertime snow cover depth was adjusted in plots by applying four treatments: snow removal (-S), ambient snow, double snow (+S), and triple snow (+2S). We examined their species richness, aboveground NPP (ANPP), belowground NPP (BNPP), and the resistance of ANPP and BNPP. We found that species diversity of the aboveground community increased significantly with increasing snow cover and decreased significantly Pielou evenness in plots. This resulted in greater ANPP with increasing snow cover; meanwhile, BNPP first increased and then decreased with increasing snow cover. However, this productivity in different soil layers responded differently to changed snow cover. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, productivity first rose and then declined, while it declined linearly in both the 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers, whereas in the 30-40 cm soil layer it showed an increasing trend. Belowground resistance would increase given that greater snow cover improved the BNPP in deeper soil and maintained the resource provisioning for plant growth, thus improving overall belowground stability. These results can serve as a promising research foundation for future work on how the functioning of desert ecosystems becomes altered due to changes in plant community expansion and, in particular, changes in snow cover driven by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jinfei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Ruzhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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8
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Luo H, Wang C, Zhang K, Ming L, Chu H, Wang H. Elevational changes in soil properties shaping fungal community assemblages in terrestrial forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165840. [PMID: 37516167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variables shifted by climate change act as driving factors in determining plant-associated microbial communities in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how elevation-induced changes in soil properties shape the microbial community in forest ecosystems remains less understood. Thus, the Pinus tabuliformis forests at elevations of 1500 m, 1900 m, and 2300 m above sea level were investigated to explore the effect of environmental factors on microbial assemblage. Significant changes in the soil physicochemical properties were found across the investigated elevations, such as soil moisture, temperature, pH, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Soil enzymatic activities, including soil sucrase, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase, were significantly affected by elevation, and sucrase showed a linear correlation with soil organic matter. Furthermore, the richness of fungal communities in the rhizosphere was decreased as elevation increased, while a humpback pattern was found for roots. Certain core microbiota members, such as Agaricomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Pezizomycetes, were crucial in maintaining a stable ecological niche in both the root and rhizosphere. We also found that shifting of fungal communities in the rhizosphere were more related to physical properties (e.g., pH, soil moisture, and soil temperature), while changes in root fungal communities along elevation gradient were related mostly to soil nutrients (e.g., soil N and P). Overall, this study demonstrates that the assemblage of the root and rhizosphere fungal communities in P. tabuliformis forest primarily depends on elevation-induced changes in environmental variables and highlights the importance of predicting fungal responses to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; Department of Applied Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL, USA
| | - Li Ming
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; China University of Mining and Technology, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China
| | - Honglong Chu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 155 Research Road, Quincy, FL, USA.
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9
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Du Y, Wang YP, Hui D, Su F, Yan J. Significant effects of precipitation frequency on soil respiration and its components-A global synthesis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1188-1205. [PMID: 36408676 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle, which results in changes in precipitation regime (frequency and amount), and will likely have significant impacts on soil respiration (Rs ). Although the responses of Rs to changes in precipitation amount have been extensively studied, there is little consensus on how Rs will be affected by changes in precipitation frequency (PF) across the globe. Here, we synthesized the field observations from 296 published papers to quantify the effects of PF on Rs and its components using meta-analysis. Our results indicated that the effects of PF on Rs decreased with an increase in background mean annual precipitation. When the data were grouped by climate conditions, increased PF showed positive effects on Rs under the arid condition but not under the semi-humid or humid conditions, whereas decreased PF suppressed Rs across all the climate conditions. The positive effects of increased PF mainly resulted from the positive response of heterotrophic respiration under the arid condition while the negative effects of decreased PF were mainly attributed to the reductions in root biomass and respiration. Overall, our global synthesis provided for the first time a comprehensive analysis of the divergent effects of PF on Rs and its components across climate regions. This study also provided a framework for understanding and modeling responses of ecosystem carbon cycling to global precipitation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fanglong Su
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Han F, Yu C, Fu G. Non-growing/growing season non-uniform-warming increases precipitation use efficiency but reduces its temporal stability in an alpine meadow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1090204. [PMID: 36778684 PMCID: PMC9911657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There are still uncertainties on the impacts of season-non-uniform-warming on plant precipitation use efficiency (PUE) and its temporal stability (PUEstability) in alpine areas. Here, we examined the changes of PUE and PUEstability under two scenes of non-growing/growing season non-uniform-warming (i.e., GLNG: growing-season-warming lower than non-growing-season-warming; GHNG: growing-season-warming higher than non-growing-season-warming) based on a five-year non-uniform-warming of non-growing/growing season experiment. The GLNG treatment increased PUE by 38.70% and reduced PUEstability by 50.47%, but the GHNG treatment did not change PUE and PUEstability. This finding was mainly due to the fact that the GLNG treatment had stronger influences on aboveground biomass (AGB), non-growing-season soil moisture (SMNG), temporal stability of AGB (AGBstability), temporal stability of non-growing-season air temperature (T a_NG_stability), temporal stability of growing-season vapor pressure deficit (VPDG_stability) and temporal stability of start of growing-season (SGSstability). Therefore, the warming scene with a higher non-growing-season-warming can have greater influences on PUE and PUEstability than the warming scene with a higher growing-season-warming, and there were possibly trade-offs between plant PUE and PUEstability under season-non-uniform-warming scenes in the alpine meadow.
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11
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Analysis on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the shallow soil temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19746. [PMID: 36396695 PMCID: PMC9672035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shallow soil refers to the soil layer within the 50 cm depth. Shallow soil temperature (ST) directly or indirectly affects many processes in the soil, such as seed germination, plant growth, and water evaporation. Therefore, the study of shallow ST is of great significance in understanding the surface energy, water cycle, ecology and climate change. This work collected observational data from 141 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 and ERA5 reanalysis data, used the "Moving Surface Spline Interpolation Algorithm Based on Green's Function" and "Fuzzy C-means algorithm", and analyzed the temporal and spatial change characteristics of ST at different levels. The results showed that 1) the temperature increase of 0-20 cm (the surface layer of the shallow soil) was roughly the same. The average annual ST was 9.15-9.57°, and the interdecadal variabilities were 0.49-0.53 K/10a. The average annual ST of 40 cm (the bottom layer) was 8.69°, and the interdecadal variability reached 0.98 K/10a. 2) Considering the 7 regions, the warming trend was obvious, and there were certain regional differences. The average annual ST in different regions ranged from 5.2 (northeastern Plateau) to 17.1 °C (western Sichuan Plateau), with a difference of nearly 12 K. The standard deviation ranged from 0.40 (western Sichuan Plateau) to 0.61 K (Qiangtang Plateau), with a difference of 0.21 K. 3) The errors of the obtained grid data were basically less than 3%, which were much smaller than the errors obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis data. This work is significant for understanding the characteristics of ST evolution and land‒atmosphere interactions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provides important data support for improving the underlying surface boundary conditions of models.
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12
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Song W, Ochoa-Hueso R, Li F, Cui H, Zhong S, Yang X, Zhao T, Sun W. Mowing enhances the positive effects of nitrogen addition on ecosystem carbon fluxes and water use efficiency in a semi-arid meadow steppe. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115889. [PMID: 35932732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands are now facing a continuously increasing supply of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, resulting in alterations in ecosystem functioning, including changes in carbon (C) and water cycling. Mowing, one of the most widely used grassland management techniques, has been shown to mitigate the negative impacts of increased N availability on species richness. However, knowledge of how N addition and mowing, alone and/or in combination, affect ecosystem-level C fluxes and water use efficiency (WN) is still limited. We experimentally manipulated N fertilization (0 and 10 g N m-2 yr-1) and mowing (once per year at the end of the growing season) following a randomized block design in a meadow steppe characterized by salinization and alkalinization in northeastern China. We found that, compared to the control plots, N addition, mowing, and their interaction increased net ecosystem CO2 exchange by 65.1%, 14.7%, and 133%, and WN by 40.7%, 18.5%, and 96.1%, respectively. Nitrogen enrichment also decreased soil pH, which resulted in greater aboveground biomass (AGB). Moreover, N addition indirectly increased AGB by inducing changes in species richness. Our results indicate that mowing enhances the positive effects of N addition on ecosystem C fluxes and WN. Therefore, appropriate grassland management practices are essential to improve ecosystem C sequestration, WN, and mitigate future species diversity declines due to ecosystem eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Song
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus Del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Campus Del Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700, AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shangzhi Zhong
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Grassland Agri-Husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuechen Yang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianhang Zhao
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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13
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Guo X, Yuan M, Lei J, Shi Z, Zhou X, Li J, Deng Y, Yang Y, Wu L, Luo Y, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Climate warming restructures seasonal dynamics of grassland soil microbial communities. MLIFE 2022; 1:245-256. [PMID: 38818216 PMCID: PMC10989843 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Soil microbial community's responses to climate warming alter the global carbon cycle. In temperate ecosystems, soil microbial communities function along seasonal cycles. However, little is known about how the responses of soil microbial communities to warming vary when the season changes. In this study, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of soil bacterial community under experimental warming in a temperate tall-grass prairie ecosystem. Our results showed that warming significantly (p = 0.001) shifted community structure, such that the differences of microbial communities between warming and control plots increased nonlinearly (R 2 = 0.578, p = 0.021) from spring to winter. Also, warming significantly (p < 0.050) increased microbial network complexity and robustness, especially during the colder seasons, despite large variations in network size and complexity in different seasons. In addition, the relative importance of stochastic processes in shaping the microbial community decreased by warming in fall and winter but not in spring and summer. Our study indicates that climate warming restructures the seasonal dynamics of soil microbial community in a temperate ecosystem. Such seasonality of microbial responses to warming may enlarge over time and could have significant impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jiesi Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Gladstone Institutes and Chan‐Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xishu Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- School of Minerals Processing and BioengineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jiabao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Environmental Microbiology, & Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina
| | - Ye Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center for Microbial EcologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental SciencesUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
- Earth and Environmental SciencesLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- School of Computer SciencesUniversity of OklahomaNormanOklahomaUSA
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14
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Reduction of microbial diversity in grassland soil is driven by long-term climate warming. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1054-1062. [PMID: 35697795 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change threatens ecosystem functioning. Soil biodiversity is essential for maintaining the health of terrestrial systems, but how climate change affects the richness and abundance of soil microbial communities remains unresolved. We examined the effects of warming, altered precipitation and annual biomass removal on grassland soil bacterial, fungal and protistan communities over 7 years to determine how these representative climate changes impact microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. We show that experimental warming and the concomitant reductions in soil moisture play a predominant role in shaping microbial biodiversity by decreasing the richness of bacteria (9.6%), fungi (14.5%) and protists (7.5%). Our results also show positive associations between microbial biodiversity and ecosystem functional processes, such as gross primary productivity and microbial biomass. We conclude that the detrimental effects of biodiversity loss might be more severe in a warmer world.
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15
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The Different Impacts of Climate Variability and Human Activities on NPP in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As two main drivers of vegetation dynamics, climate variability and human activities greatly influence net primary productivity (NPP) variability by altering the hydrothermal conditions and biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, studying NPP variability and its drivers is crucial to understanding the patterns and mechanisms that sustain regional ecosystem structures and functions under ongoing climate variability and human activities. In this study, three indexes, namely the potential NPP (NPPp), actual NPP (NPPa), and human-induced NPP (NPPh), and their variability from 2000 to 2020 in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) were estimated and analyzed. Six main scenarios were generated based on change trends in the three indexes over the past 21 years, and the different relative impacts of climate variability and human activities on NPPa variability were quantitatively analyzed and identified. The results showed that the NPPp, NPPa, and NPPh had heterogeneous spatial distributions, and the average NPPp and NPPa values over the whole study area increased at rates of 3.63 and 6.94 gC·m−2·yr−1 from 2000 to 2020, respectively, while the NPPh decreased at a rate of −4.43 gC·m−2·yr−1. Climate variability and the combined effects of climate variability and human activities were the major driving factors of the NPPa increases, accounting for more than 72% of the total pixels, while the combined effects of the two factors caused the NPPa values to increase by 32–54% of the area in all cities expect Macao and across all vegetation ecosystems. Human activities often led to decreases in NPPa over more than 16% of the total pixels, and were mainly concentrated in the central cities of the GBA. The results can provide a reference for understanding NPP changes and can offer a theoretical basis for implementing ecosystem restoration, ecological construction, and conservation practices in the GBA.
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16
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Zhu Y, Shen H, Akinyemi DS, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhao M, Kang J, Zhao X, Hu H, Fang J. Increased precipitation attenuates shrub encroachment by facilitating herbaceous growth in a Mongolian grassland. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Haihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Damilare Stephen Akinyemi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Pujin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Hohhot Inner Mongolia China 010031
| | - Yinping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Mengying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
| | - Huifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
| | - Jingyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100093
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 100049
- Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing China 100871
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17
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Slette IJ, Hoover DL, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Repeated extreme droughts decrease root production, but not the potential for post‐drought recovery of root production, in a mesic grassland. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid J. Slette
- Dept of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins CO USA
| | - David L. Hoover
- USDA‐ARS Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, Crops Research Laboratory Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Melinda D. Smith
- Dept of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Alan K. Knapp
- Dept of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins CO USA
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18
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Soil Nematodes as the Silent Sufferers of Climate-Induced Toxicity: Analysing the Outcomes of Their Interactions with Climatic Stress Factors on Land Cover and Agricultural Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2519-2586. [PMID: 35593954 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Unsustainable anthropogenic activities over the last few decades have resulted in alterations of the global climate. It can be perceived through changes in the rainfall patterns and rise in mean annual temperatures. Climatic stress factors exert their effects on soil health mainly by modifying the soil microenvironments where the soil fauna reside. Among the members of soil fauna, the soil nematodes have been found to be sensitive to these stress factors primarily because of their low tolerance limits. Additionally, because of their higher and diverse trophic positions in the soil food web they can integrate the effects of many stress factors acting together. This is important because under natural conditions the climatic stress factors do not exert their effect individually. Rather, they interact amongst themselves and other abiotic stress factors in the soil to generate their impacts. Some of these interactions may be synergistic while others may be antagonistic. As such, it becomes very difficult to assess their impacts on soil health by simply analysing the physicochemical properties of soil. This makes soil nematodes outstanding candidates for studying the effects of climatic stress factors on soil biology. The knowledge obtained therefrom can be used to design sustainable agricultural practices because most of the conventional techniques aim at short-term benefits with complete disregard of soil biology. This can partly ensure food security in the coming decades for the expanding population. Moreover, understanding soil biology can help to preserve landscapes that have developed over long periods of climatic stability and belowground soil biota interactions.
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19
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Castillioni K, Patten MA, Souza L. Precipitation effects on grassland plant performance are lessened by hay harvest. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3282. [PMID: 35228587 PMCID: PMC8885915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate and human management, such as hay harvest, shape grasslands. With both disturbances co-occurring, understanding how these ecosystems respond to these combined drivers may aid in projecting future changes in grasslands. We used an experimental precipitation gradient combined with mimicked acute hay harvest (clipping once a year) to examine (1) whether hay harvest influences precipitation effects on plant performance (cover and height) and (2) the role of inter-specific responses in influencing plant performance. We found that hay harvest reduced the strength of precipitation effects on plant performance through changes in bare-ground soil cover. Species performance were mainly influenced by change in abiotic factors, often responding negatively, as hay harvest increased bare-ground amount. Conversely, altered precipitation without hay harvest promoted plant species performance through abiotic factors change first, followed by biotic. Most species, including the dominant grass Schizachyrium scoparium, increased their performance with greater leaf area index (proxy for canopy structure). Our experiment demonstrates that plant performance responds directly to abiotic factors with hay harvest, but indirectly without hay harvest. Positive effects of increasing precipitation were likely due to microhabitat amelioration and resource acquisition, thus inclusion of hay harvest as a disturbance lessens positive impacts of biotic variables on species performance to climate change.
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20
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Jung CG, Xu X, Shi Z, Niu S, Xia J, Sherry R, Jiang L, Zhu K, Hou E, Luo Y. Warmer and wetter climate promotes net primary production in
C
4
grassland with additional enhancement by hay harvesting. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gyo Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando Florida USA
| | - Xia Xu
- College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine Irvine California USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Department of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University Shanghai China
- Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Rebecca Sherry
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Enqing Hou
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
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21
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Kwaku EA, Dong S, Shen H, Li W, Sha W, Su X, Zhang Y, Li S, Gao X, Liu S, Shi J, Li X, Liu Q, Zhao Z. Biomass and Species Diversity of Different Alpine Plant Communities Respond Differently to Nitrogen Deposition and Experimental Warming. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122719. [PMID: 34961187 PMCID: PMC8703334 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of fragile ecosystems of alpine regions to adapt and thrive under warming and nitrogen deposition is a pressing conservation concern. The lack of information on how these ecosystems respond to the combined impacts of elevated levels of nitrogen and a warming climate limits the sustainable management approaches of alpine grasslands. In this study, we experimented using a completely random blocked design to examine the effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on the aboveground biomass and diversity of alpine grassland plant communities. The experiment was carried out from 2015 to 2018 in four vegetation types, e.g., alpine desert, alpine desert steppe, alpine marsh, and alpine salinised meadow, in the Aerjin Mountain Nature Reserve (AMNR) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). We found that W (warming) and WN (warming plus N deposition) treatment significantly increased the aboveground biomass of all the vegetation types (p < 0.05) in 2018. However, W and WN treatment only significantly increased the Shannon diversity of salinised meadows in 2018 and had no significant effect on the Shannon diversity of other vegetation types. Such results suggested that long-term nitrogen deposition and warming can consistently stimulate biomass accumulation of the alpine plant communities. Compared with other vegetation types, the diversity of alpine salinised meadows are generally more susceptible to long-term warming and warming combined with N deposition. Warming accounts many of such variabilities, while short-term N deposition alone may not significantly have an evident effect on the productivity and diversity of alpine grasslands. Our findings suggested that the effects of short-term (≤4 years) N deposition on alpine vegetation productivity and diversity were minimal, while long-term warming (>4 years) will be much more favourable for alpine vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuella A. Kwaku
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (W.L.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Wei Sha
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (W.L.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xukun Su
- Research Center for Eco-Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Plateau Wetland Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (W.L.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (W.L.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Shiliang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (W.L.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Jianbin Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (W.L.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaowen Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (W.L.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (X.G.); (S.L.); (J.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Quanru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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22
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Wang C, Sun Y, Chen HYH, Yang J, Ruan H. Meta-analysis shows non-uniform responses of above- and belowground productivity to drought. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146901. [PMID: 33848873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial productivity underpins ecosystem carbon (C) cycling and multi-trophic diversity. Despite the negative impacts of drought on terrestrial C cycling, our understanding of the responses of above- and belowground productivity to drought remains incomplete. Here, we synthesized the responses of terrestrial productivity and soil factors (e.g., soil moisture, soil pH, soil C, soil nitrogen (N), soil C:N, fungi:bacteria ratio, and microbial biomass C) to drought via a global meta-analysis of 734 observations from 107 studies. Our results revealed that the productivity variables above- and belowground (i.e., net primary productivity, aboveground net primary productivity, belowground net primary productivity, total biomass, aboveground biomass, root biomass, gross ecosystem productivity, and net ecosystem productivity) were decreased across all ecosystems. However, drought did not significantly affect litter mass across all ecosystems, and the responses of above- and belowground productivity to drought were non-uniform. Furthermore, the responses of these productivity variables to drought were more pronounced with drought intensity and duration, and consistent across ecosystem types and background climates. Drought significantly decreased soil moisture, soil C concentrations, soil C:N ratios, and microbial biomass C, whereas it enhanced soil pH values and fungi:bacteria ratios. Moreover, the negative effects of drought on above- and belowground productivity variables were correlated mostly with the response of soil pH to drought among all soil factors. Our study indicated that litter biomass, which mostly represents productivity levels via traditional ecosystem models, was not able to predict the responses of terrestrial ecosystem productivity to drought. The strong relationship between the responses of soil pH and terrestrial productivity to drought suggests that the incorporation of soil pH into Earth system models might facilitate the prediction of terrestrial C cycling and its feedbacks to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Wang
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, China
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resource Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghua Ruan
- Department of Ecology, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Identifying the spatial drivers of net primary productivity: A case study in the Bailong River Basin, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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24
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Hossain ML, Li J. Disentangling the effects of climatic variability and climate extremes on the belowground biomass of C 3- and C 4-dominated grasslands across five ecoregions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143894. [PMID: 33341628 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the variation in grassland belowground biomass (BGB) and its response to changes in climatic variables are key issues in plant ecology research. In this study, BGB data for five ecoregions (cold steppe, temperate dry steppe, savanna, humid savanna, and humid temperate) were used to examine the effects of climatic variability and extremes on the BGB of C3- and C4-dominated grasslands. Results showed that BGB varied significantly across the ecoregions, with the highest levels in cold steppe and the lowest in savanna. The results indicated that growing-season temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures and their interactions had significantly positive effects on the single-harvest BGB of C3 plants in colder ecoregions (i.e., humid temperate and cold steppe) and of C4 plants in arid ecoregions (i.e., temperate dry steppe and savanna). The single-harvest BGB of C3 plants in arid ecoregions and C4 plants in humid savanna ecoregion declined with increasing temperature during the growing season. Growing-season precipitation exerted significant positive effects on the single-harvest BGB of C4 plants in arid ecoregions. Annual temperature variables negatively impacted the annual BGB of humid temperate ecoregion, because of the dominance of C3 plants. Increasing cumulative growing-season precipitation elevated and the mean annual temperature reduced the annual BGB of both categories of plants in arid ecoregions. Compared with normal climates, extreme dry events during the growing season enhanced single-harvest BGB in colder ecoregions. The single-harvest BGB of C4 plants in savanna tended to increase during extreme wet and decrease during moderate dry events compared to normal climates. This study suggests that the differential effects of climatic variability and extremes on BGB can be explained by differences in plant types, and ecoregions. These findings on the responses of the BGB to climatic variability and extremes constitute important scientific evidence emphasizing the need to maintain ecosystem stability across ecoregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lokman Hossain
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Department of Environmental Protection Technology, German University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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25
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Wilcox KR, Blumenthal DM, Kray JA, Mueller KE, Derner JD, Ocheltree T, Porensky LM. Plant traits related to precipitation sensitivity of species and communities in semiarid shortgrass prairie. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2007-2019. [PMID: 33053217 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how plant communities respond to temporal patterns of precipitation in water-limited ecosystems is necessary to predict interannual variation and trends in ecosystem properties, including forage production, biogeochemical cycling, and biodiversity. In North American shortgrass prairie, we measured plant abundance, functional traits related to growth rate and drought tolerance, and aboveground net primary productivity to identify: species-level responsiveness to precipitation (precipitation sensitivity Sspp ) across functional groups; Sspp relationships to continuous plant traits; and whether continuous trait-Sspp relationships scaled to the community level. Across 32 plant species, we found strong bivariate relationships of both leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf osmotic potential Ψosm with Sspp . Yet, LDMC and specific leaf area were retained in the lowest Akaike information criterion multiple regression model, explaining 59% of Sspp . Most relationships between continuous traits and Sspp scaled to the community level but were often contingent on the presence/absence of particular species and/or land management at a site. Thus, plant communities in shortgrass prairie may shift towards slower growing, more stress-resistant species in drought years and/or chronically drier climate. These findings highlight the importance of both leaf economic and drought tolerance traits in determining species and community responses to altered precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilcox
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
- Crops Research Laboratory, USDA ARS - Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- Crops Research Laboratory, USDA ARS - Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Julie A Kray
- Crops Research Laboratory, USDA ARS - Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Kevin E Mueller
- Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, SI 219, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2214, USA
| | - Justin D Derner
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, 8408 Hildreth Road, Cheyenne, WY,, 82009, USA
| | - Troy Ocheltree
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Lauren M Porensky
- Crops Research Laboratory, USDA ARS - Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, 1701 Centre Avenue, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
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26
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Ma Z, Chang SX, Bork EW, Steinaker DF, Wilson SD, White SR, Cahill JF. Climate change and defoliation interact to affect root length across northern temperate grasslands. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Ma
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Scott X. Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Edward W. Bork
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | | | | | - Shannon R. White
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - James F. Cahill
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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27
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Global patterns and climatic drivers of above- and belowground net primary productivity in grasslands. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:739-751. [PMID: 33216276 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding patterns and determinants of net primary productivity (NPP) in global grasslands is ongoing challenges, especially for belowground NPP (BNPP) and its fraction (fBNPP). By developing a comprehensive field-based dataset, we revealed that, along with gradients of mean annual precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and aridity, aboveground NPP (ANPP), BNPP, and total NPP (TNPP) exhibited hump-shaped patterns, whereas fBNPP showed an opposite trend. ANPP and TNPP showed positive correlations with mean annual temperature, but fBNPP was negatively correlated with it. The relationship between BNPP and climatic factors was considerably weak, indicating that BNPP was relatively stable regardless of the climate conditions. We also observed that the sensitivities of ANPP and BNPP to interannual temperature variability and those of BNPP to interannual precipitation fluctuations exhibited large variations among different study sites, and differed from those at the spatial scale. In contrast, the temporal sensitivities of ANPP to interannual precipitation variability were highly similar across all the individual sites and much smaller than those at the spatial scale. Overall, these results highlight that precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration all play vital roles in shaping ANPP pattern and its partitioning to belowground and that the patterns of BNPP along climatic gradients do not mirror those of the ANPP.
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28
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Effects of precipitation and temperature on precipitation use efficiency of alpine grassland in Northern Tibet, China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20309. [PMID: 33219286 PMCID: PMC7679412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Precipitation use efficiency (PUE) is crucial in understanding the coupling between ecosystem carbon and water cycling. In this study, we used a time series (2000–2013) dataset of net primary productivity (NPP) based on the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model together with precipitation to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of alpine grassland PUE in Northern Tibet. The mean annual PUE values of alpine meadow, alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe, alpine desert steppe, and alpine desert were 0.48, 0.39, 0.36, 0.29 and 0.23 gc m−2 mm−1, respectively. The spatial patterns of PUE of alpine grassland demonstrated an initial increase in the arid region and a subsequent decrease in the humid region along the precipitation gradient and peaked at approximately 500 mm. To evaluate the temporal patterns, the sensitivity \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${R}_{xy}$$\end{document}Rxy between the PUE and climatic factors were calculated. The inter-annual variability of PUE exhibited a significant negative correlation with annual precipitation (P < 0.05), which implies that NPP had a lower sensitivity to precipitation in most regions. The relationship between PUE and the mean annual temperature is different for different regions. Our findings have an important role in understanding the impacts of precipitation availability on climate change and in the scientific management of the alpine grassland ecosystems.
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29
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Fang C, Ke W, Campioli M, Pei J, Yuan Z, Song X, Ye J, Li F, Janssens IA. Unaltered soil microbial community composition, but decreased metabolic activity in a semiarid grassland after two years of passive experimental warming. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12327-12340. [PMID: 33209291 PMCID: PMC7664004 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial communities regulate soil carbon feedbacks to climate warming through microbial respiration (i.e., metabolic rate). A thorough understanding of the responses of composition, biomass, and metabolic rate of soil microbial community to warming is crucial to predict soil carbon stocks in a future warmer climate. Therefore, we conducted a field manipulative experiment in a semiarid grassland on the Loess Plateau of China to evaluate the responses of the soil microbial community to increased temperature from April 2015 to December 2017. Soil temperature was 2.0°C higher relative to the ambient when open-top chambers (OTCs) were used. Warming did not affect microbial biomass or the composition of microbial functional groups. However, warming significantly decreased microbial respiration, directly resulting from soil pH decrease driven by the comediation of aboveground biomass increase, inorganic nitrogen increase, and moisture decrease. These findings highlight that the soil microbial community structure of semiarid grasslands resisted the short-term warming by 2°C, although its metabolic rate declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Institute of EcologySchool of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsInstitute of Arid AgroecologySchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Wenbin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsInstitute of Arid AgroecologySchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Matteo Campioli
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Jiuying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsInstitute of Arid AgroecologySchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Ziqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil EngineeringNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhouChina
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsInstitute of Arid AgroecologySchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Sheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsInstitute of Arid AgroecologySchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Fengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐ecosystemsInstitute of Arid AgroecologySchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems)Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
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30
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Projected changes of carbon balance in mesic grassland ecosystems in response to warming and elevated CO2 using CMIP5 GCM results in the Central Great Plains, USA. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Yang Y, Klein JA, Winkler DE, Peng A, Lazarus BE, Germino MJ, Suding KN, Smith JG, Kueppers LM. Warming of alpine tundra enhances belowground production and shifts community towards resource acquisition traits. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 9 Section 4, Renminnan Road Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Campus Delivery 1476 Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Julia A. Klein
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Campus Delivery 1476 Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Daniel E. Winkler
- Southwest Biological Science Center United States Geological Survey 2290 S West Resource Boulevard Moab Utah 84532 USA
| | - Ahui Peng
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 9 Section 4, Renminnan Road Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China
| | - Brynne E. Lazarus
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 970 Lusk Street Boise Idaho 83706 USA
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 970 Lusk Street Boise Idaho 83706 USA
| | - Katharine N. Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309‐0450 USA
| | - Jane G. Smith
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309‐0450 USA
| | - Lara M. Kueppers
- Energy and Resources Group University of California, Berkeley 310 Barrows Hall #3050 Berkeley California 94720 USA
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32
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Gene-informed decomposition model predicts lower soil carbon loss due to persistent microbial adaptation to warming. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4897. [PMID: 32994415 PMCID: PMC7524716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial respiration is an important source of uncertainty in projecting future climate and carbon (C) cycle feedbacks. However, its feedbacks to climate warming and underlying microbial mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here we show that the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration (Q10) in a temperate grassland ecosystem persistently decreases by 12.0 ± 3.7% across 7 years of warming. Also, the shifts of microbial communities play critical roles in regulating thermal adaptation of soil respiration. Incorporating microbial functional gene abundance data into a microbially-enabled ecosystem model significantly improves the modeling performance of soil microbial respiration by 5–19%, and reduces model parametric uncertainty by 55–71%. In addition, modeling analyses show that the microbial thermal adaptation can lead to considerably less heterotrophic respiration (11.6 ± 7.5%), and hence less soil C loss. If such microbially mediated dampening effects occur generally across different spatial and temporal scales, the potential positive feedback of soil microbial respiration in response to climate warming may be less than previously predicted. Mechanisms and consequences of the acclimation of soil respiration to warming are unclear. Here, the authors combine soil respiration, metagenomics, and functional gene results from a 7-year grassland warming experiment to a microbial-enzyme decomposition model, showing functional gene information to lower uncertainty and improve fit.
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33
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Franco ALC, Gherardi LA, Tomasel CM, Andriuzzi WS, Ankrom KE, Bach EM, Guan P, Sala OE, Wall DH. Root herbivory controls the effects of water availability on the partitioning between above‐ and below‐ground grass biomass. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laureano A. Gherardi
- School of Life Sciences & Global Drylands Center Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | | | - Walter S. Andriuzzi
- Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Nature Communications, Nature Research Berlin Germany
| | | | | | - Pingting Guan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration School of Environment Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Osvaldo E. Sala
- School of Life Sciences School of Sustainability & Global Drylands Center Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Diana H. Wall
- Department of Biology & School of Global Environmental Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
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34
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Castillioni K, Wilcox K, Jiang L, Luo Y, Jung CG, Souza L. Drought mildly reduces plant dominance in a temperate prairie ecosystem across years. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6702-6713. [PMID: 32724543 PMCID: PMC7381580 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Shifts in dominance and species reordering can occur in response to global change. However, it is not clear how altered precipitation and disturbance regimes interact to affect species composition and dominance.We explored community-level diversity and compositional similarity responses, both across and within years, to a manipulated precipitation gradient and annual clipping in a mixed-grass prairie in Oklahoma, USA. We imposed seven precipitation treatments (five water exclusion levels [-20%, -40%, -60%, -80%, and -100%], water addition [+50%], and control [0% change in precipitation]) year-round from 2016 to 2018 using fixed interception shelters. These treatments were crossed with annual clipping to mimic hay harvest.We found that community-level responses were influenced by precipitation across time. For instance, plant evenness was enhanced by extreme drought treatments, while plant richness was marginally promoted under increased precipitation.Clipping promoted species gain resulting in greater richness within each experimental year. Across years, clipping effects further reduced the precipitation effects on community-level responses (richness and evenness) at both extreme drought and added precipitation treatments. Synthesis: Our results highlight the importance of studying interactive drivers of change both within versus across time. For instance, clipping attenuated community-level responses to a gradient in precipitation, suggesting that management could buffer community-level responses to drought. However, precipitation effects were mild and likely to accentuate over time to produce further community change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Castillioni
- Oklahoma Biological SurveyDepartment of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
| | - Kevin Wilcox
- Ecosystem Science and ManagementUniversity of WyomingLaramieWYUSA
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Chang Gyo Jung
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Lara Souza
- Oklahoma Biological SurveyDepartment of Microbiology and Plant BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
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Prather RM, Castillioni K, Welti EAR, Kaspari M, Souza L. Abiotic factors and plant biomass, not plant diversity, strongly shape grassland arthropods under drought conditions. Ecology 2020; 101:e03033. [PMID: 32112407 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod abundance and diversity often track plant biomass and diversity at the local scale. However, under altered precipitation regimes and anthropogenic disturbances, plant-arthropod relationships are expected to be increasingly controlled by abiotic, rather than biotic, factors. We used an experimental precipitation gradient combined with human management in a temperate mixed-grass prairie to examine (1) how two drivers, altered precipitation and biomass removal, can synergistically affect abiotic factors and plant communities and (2) how these effects can cascade upward, impacting the arthropod food web. Both drought and hay harvest increased soil surface temperature, and drought decreased soil moisture. Arthropod abundance decreased with low soil moisture and, contrary to our predictions, decreased with increased plant biomass. Arthropod diversity increased with soil moisture, decreased with high surface temperatures, and tracked arthropod abundance but was unaffected by plant diversity or quality. Our experiment demonstrates that arthropod abundance is directly constrained by abiotic factors and plant biomass, in turn constraining local arthropod diversity. If robust, this result suggests climate change in the southern Great Plains may directly reduce arthropod diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Prather
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Karen Castillioni
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Ellen A R Welti
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Lara Souza
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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36
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Teng M, Zeng L, Hu W, Wang P, Yan Z, He W, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Xiao W. The impacts of climate changes and human activities on net primary productivity vary across an ecotone zone in Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136691. [PMID: 31978773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The variations in net primary productivity (NPP) and its controls are critical to understand the mechanisms that maintain ecosystem services under ongoing climate change and human activities. However, such knowledge is still incomplete in ecotone areas where plant species may reach their physiological thresholds. Our study quantified the variations in NPP and its controls resulting from interannual climate variations and human activities in the Qilian Mountain region (QLMR), an ecotone zone in central Asia. To achieve this goal, three indexes, including actual NPP (ANPP), potential NPP (PNPP), and human-induced NPP (HNPP), and their variations during 2001-2012 were estimated by combining the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach and a residual trend method. The results showed that the average PNPP, HNPP and ANPP values across the whole QLMR increased at rates of 4.71, 3.08, and 1.63 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively. The ANPP increased in 66.8% of the area during 2001-2012. The impacts of climate variations and human activities on NPP varied across the ecotone zone, vegetation types and altitudinal gradient. Climate-derived impacts caused the ANPP to increase in over 53% of the area in all vegetation ecosystems except forests. Climate variations were expected to account for most of the changes in ANPP in high-altitude zones (above 3500 m), while the impacts of human activities on ANPP were concentrated mainly in mid- and low-elevation zones. Our results suggest that increasing precipitation is a dominant factor underlying the increase in ANPP in such semiarid regions, while human activity is the primary reason for declines in NPP even if there is vegetation restoration. To improve the functions of vegetation ecosystems in such ecotones, a holistic strategy that combines spatially distinct measures is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Teng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixiong Zeng
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhaogui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wei He
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhilin Huang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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37
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Wu R, Chai B, Cole JR, Gunturu SK, Guo X, Tian R, Gu JD, Zhou J, Tiedje JM. Targeted assemblies of cas1 suggest CRISPR-Cas's response to soil warming. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1651-1662. [PMID: 32221408 PMCID: PMC7305122 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) system to reveal potential virus–host dynamics. The universal and most conserved Cas protein, cas1 is an ideal marker to elucidate CRISPR-Cas ecology. We constructed eight Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and assembled cas1 directly from metagenomes by a targeted-gene assembler, Xander, to improve detection capacity and resolve the diverse CRISPR-Cas systems. The eight HMMs were first validated by recovering all 17 cas1 subtypes from the simulated metagenome generated from 91 prokaryotic genomes across 11 phyla. We challenged the targeted method with 48 metagenomes from a tallgrass prairie in Central Oklahoma recovering 3394 cas1. Among those, 88 were near full length, 5 times more than in de-novo assemblies from the Oklahoma metagenomes. To validate the host assignment by cas1, the targeted-assembled cas1 was mapped to the de-novo assembled contigs. All the phylum assignments of those mapped contigs were assigned independent of CRISPR-Cas genes on the same contigs and consistent with the host taxonomies predicted by the mapped cas1. We then investigated whether 8 years of soil warming altered cas1 prevalence within the communities. A shift in microbial abundances was observed during the year with the biggest temperature differential (mean 4.16 °C above ambient). cas1 prevalence increased and even in the phyla with decreased microbial abundances over the next 3 years, suggesting increasing virus–host interactions in response to soil warming. This targeted method provides an alternative means to effectively mine cas1 from metagenomes and uncover the host communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Benli Chai
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James R Cole
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Santosh K Gunturu
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xue Guo
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Renmao Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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38
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Projection of Net Primary Productivity under Global Warming Scenarios of 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C in Northern China Sandy Areas. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that variations in climate affect the net primary productivity (NPP) across sandy areas over time. However, little is known about the relative impacts of climate change on NPP with global warming of 1.5 and 2.0 °C (GW_1.5 °C_2.0 °C) relative to pre-industrial levels. Here, we used a new set of climate simulations from four Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP 2b) datasets, modified the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach (CASA) model and assessed the spatio-temporal variation in NPP in sandy areas of northern China (SAONC). Compared with the reference period (RP, 1986–2005), the NPP variation under four emission scenarios showed clear rising trends and increased most significantly under RCP8.5 with an annual average increase of 2.34 g C/m2. The estimated annual NPP under global warming of 1.5 °C (GW_1.5 °C) increased by 14.17, 10.72, 8.57, and 26.68% in different emission scenarios, and under global warming of 2.0 °C (GW_2.0 °C) it increased by 20.87, 24.01, 29.31, and 39.94%, respectively. In terms of seasonal change, the NPP value under the four emission scenarios changed most significantly in the summer relative to RP, exhibiting a growth of 16.48%. Temperature changes (p > 0.614) had a greater impact on NPP growth than precipitation (p > 0.017), but solar radiation showed a certain negative impact in the middle- and low-latitude regions. NPP showed an increasing trend that changed from the southeast to the central and western regions at GW_1.5 to GW_2.0 °C. NPP was consistent with the spatial change in climate factors and had a promoting role in high latitudes in SAONC, but it was characterized by a certain inhibitory effect at middle and low latitudes in SAONC. The uncertainty of NPP under the four models ranged from 16.29 to 26.52%. Our findings suggest that the impact of GW_1.5 °C is relatively high compared with the current conditions, whereas GW_2.0 °C implies significantly lower projected NPP growth in all areas.
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Wu K, Su D, Liu J, Saha R, Wang JP. Magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine: a review of recent advances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:502003. [PMID: 31491782 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, in addition to their small size, possess unique physicochemical properties that differ from bulk materials, making them ideal for a host of novel applications. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are one important class of nanomaterials that have been widely studied for their potential applications in nanomedicine. Due to the fact that MNPs can be detected and manipulated by remote magnetic fields, it opens a wide opportunity for them to be used in vivo. Nowadays, MNPs have been used for diverse applications including magnetic biosensing (diagnostics), magnetic imaging, magnetic separation, drug and gene delivery, and hyperthermia therapy, etc. Specifically, we reviewed some emerging techniques in magnetic diagnostics such as magnetoresistive (MR) and micro-Hall (μHall) biosensors, as well as the magnetic particle spectroscopy, magnetic relaxation switching and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based bioassays. Recent advances in applying MNPs as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging and as tracer materials in magnetic particle imaging are reviewed. In addition, the development of high magnetic moment MNPs with proper surface functionalization has progressed exponentially over the past decade. To this end, different MNP synthesis approaches and surface coating strategies are reviewed and the biocompatibility and toxicity of surface functionalized MNP nanocomposites are also discussed. Herein, we are aiming to provide a comprehensive assessment of the state-of-the-art biological and biomedical applications of MNPs. This review is not only to provide in-depth insights into the different synthesis, biofunctionalization, biosensing, imaging, and therapy methods but also to give an overview of limitations and possibilities of each technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
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40
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Grassland Productivity Response to Climate Change in the Hulunbuir Steppes of China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11236760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As global climate change deeply affects terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle, it is necessary to understand how grasslands respond to climate change. In this study, we examined the role of climate change on net primary productivity (NPP) from 1961 to 2010 in the Hulunbuir grasslands of China, using a calibrated process-based biogeochemistry model. The results indicated that: Temperature experienced a rise trend from 1961; summer and autumn precipitation showed a rise trend before the 1990s and decline trend after the 1990s. Winter and spring precipitation showed an ascending trend. Simulated NPP had a high inter-annual variability during the study period, ranging from 139 g Cm−2 to 348 g Cm−2. The annual mean NPP was significant and positive in correlation with the annual variation of precipitation, and the trend was first raised then fell with the turn point at the 1990s. Temperature had a 20–30 d lag in summer, but none in spring and autumn; precipitation had a 10–20 d lag in summer. The climate lag effect analysis confirmed that temperature had a positive effect on NPP in spring and a negative effect in summer.
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Niu B, Zeng C, Zhang X, He Y, Shi P, Tian Y, Feng Y, Li M, Wang Z, Wang X, Cao Y. High Below-Ground Productivity Allocation of Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibet. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120535. [PMID: 31766615 PMCID: PMC6963938 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The allocation of net primary production (NPP) between above- and belowground components is a key step of ecosystem material cycling and energy flows, which determines many critical parameters, e.g., the fraction of below ground NPP (BNPP) to NPP (fBNPP) and root turnover rates (RTR), in vegetation models. However, direct NPP estimation and partition are scarcely based on field measurements of biomass dynamics in the alpine grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau (NTP). Consequently, these parameters are unverifiable and controversial. Here, we measured above- and belowground biomass dynamics (monthly from May to September each year from 2013 to 2015) to estimate NPP dynamics and allocations in four typical alpine grassland ecosystems, i.e., an alpine meadow, alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe and alpine desert steppe. We found that NPP and its components, above and below ground NPP (ANPP and BNPP), increased significantly from west to east on the NTP, and ANPP was mainly affected by temperature while BNPP and NPP were mainly affected by precipitation. The bulk of BNPP was generally concentrated in the top 10 cm soil layers in all four alpine grasslands (76.1% ± 9.1%, mean ± SD). Our results showed that fBNPP was significantly different among these four alpine grasslands, with its means in alpine meadow (0.93), alpine desert steppe (0.92) being larger than that in the alpine meadow steppe (0.76) and alpine steppe (0.77). Both temperature and precipitation had significant and positive effects on the fBNPP, while their interaction effects were significantly opposite. RTR decreased with increasing precipitation, but increased with increasing temperature across this ecoregion. Our study illustrated that alpine grasslands on the NTP, especially in the alpine meadow and alpine desert steppe, partitioned an unexpected and greater NPP to below ground than most historical reports across global grasslands, indicating a more critical role of the root carbon pool in carbon cycling in alpine grasslands on the NTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chaoxu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6488-6990; Fax: +86-10-6485-4230
| | - Yongtao He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Peili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunfei Feng
- Department of Resource Management, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China;
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (B.N.); (C.Z.); (Y.H.); (P.S.); (Y.T.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (X.W.); (Y.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang Z, Mckenna TP, Schellenberg MP, Tang S, Zhang Y, Ta N, Na R, Wang H. Soil respiration response to alterations in precipitation and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:231-242. [PMID: 31229820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is expected to significantly influence soil respiration. When limited, rainfall and nitrogen (N) deposition strongly modify soil respiration in a broad range of biomes, but uncertainty remains with regards to the influence of the interactions of seasonal rainfall distribution and N deposition on soil respiration in an arid steppe. In the present study, we manipulated precipitation using V-shaped plexiglass gutters (minus 50%, control, and plus 50% treatments) and tested various N additions (control and plus 35 kg N ha-1 yr-1) to evaluate their impact on soil respiration, measured using a Li-Cor 8100, in a desert steppe in China. Increased precipitation stimulated soil respiration by 26.1%, while decreased precipitation significantly reduced soil respiration by 10.8%. There was a significant increase in soil respiration under N addition at 11.5%. Statistical assessment of their interactions demonstrated that N supplementation strengthened the stimulation of soil respiration under increased precipitation, whereas decreased precipitation offset the positive impact of N addition and led to a reduction in soil respiration. Contrasting interannual precipitation patterns strongly influenced the temporal changes in soil respiration as well as its response to N addition, indicating that the desert steppe plant community was co-limited by water and N. Net primary productivity (aboveground and belowground) predominantly drove soil respiration under altered precipitation and N addition. As grasses are better equipped for water deficit due to their previous exposure to long periods without water, there could be a shift from forb to grass communities under drier conditions. These findings highlight the importance of assessing the differential impacts of plant traits and soil physiochemical properties on soil respiration under altered precipitation and N addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Thomas P Mckenna
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The Kansas Biological Survey University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States of America
| | - Michael P Schellenberg
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre (SCRDC), AAFC-AAC, Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatchewan S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Shiming Tang
- Department of Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, 010021 Hohhot, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Na Ta
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Risu Na
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China.
| | - Hai Wang
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China.
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Zhang B, Cadotte MW, Chen S, Tan X, You C, Ren T, Chen M, Wang S, Li W, Chu C, Jiang L, Bai Y, Huang J, Han X. Plants alter their vertical root distribution rather than biomass allocation in response to changing precipitation. Ecology 2019; 100:e02828. [PMID: 31323118 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elucidating the variation of allocation pattern of ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) and its underlying mechanisms is critically important for understanding the changes of aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions. Under optimal partitioning theory, plants should allocate more NPP to the organ that acquires the most limiting resource, and this expectation has been widely used to explain and predict NPP allocation under changing precipitation. However, confirmatory evidence for this theory has mostly come from observed spatial variation in the relationship between precipitation and NPP allocation across ecosystems, rather than directly from the influences of changing precipitation on NPP allocation within systems. We performed a 6-yr five-level precipitation manipulation experiment in a semiarid steppe to test whether changes in NPP allocation can be explained by the optimal partitioning theory, and how water requirement of plant community is maintained if NPP allocation is unaltered. The 30 precipitation levels (5 levels × 6 yr) were divided into dry, nominal, and wet precipitation ranges, relative to historical precipitation variation over the past six decades. We found that NPP in both aboveground (ANPP) and belowground (BNPP) increased nonlinearly as precipitation increased, while the allocation of NPP to BNPP (fBNPP ) showed a concave quadratic relationship with precipitation. The declined fBNPP as precipitation increased in the dry range supported the optimal partitioning theory. However, in the nominal range, NPP allocation was not influenced by the changed precipitation; instead, BNPP was distributed more in the surface soil horizon (0-10 cm) as precipitation increased, and conversely more in the deeper soil layers (10-30 cm) as precipitation decreased. This response in root foraging appears to be a strategy to satisfy plant water requirements and partially explains the stable NPP allocation patterns. Overall, our results suggest that plants can adjust their vertical BNPP distribution in response to drought stress, and that only under extreme drought does the optimal partitioning theory strictly apply, highlighting the context dependency of the adaption and growth of plants under changing precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Zhang
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Shiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingru Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cuihai You
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minling Chen
- College of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Weijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chengjin Chu
- Department of Ecology, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Yongfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhong S, Xu Y, Meng B, Loik ME, Ma JY, Sun W. Nitrogen Addition Increases the Sensitivity of Photosynthesis to Drought and Re-watering Differentially in C 3 Versus C 4 Grass Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:815. [PMID: 31333687 PMCID: PMC6616207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Global change factors, such as variation in precipitation regimes and nitrogen (N) deposition, are likely to occur simultaneously and may have profound impacts on the relative abundance of grasses differing in functional traits, such as C3 and C4 species. We conducted an extreme drought and re-watering experiment to understand differences in the resistance and recovery abilities of C3 and C4 grasses under different N deposition scenarios. A C3 perennial grass (Leymus chinensis) and two C4 grasses (annual species Chloris virgata and perennial species Hemarthria altissima) that co-occur in Northeast China were selected as experimental plants. For both C3 and C4 grasses, N addition caused a strong increase in biomass and resulted in more severe drought stress, leading to a change in the dominant photosynthetic limitation during the drought periods. Although N addition increased antioxidant enzyme activities and protective solute concentrations, the carbon fixing capacity did not fully recover to pre-drought levels by the end of the re-watering period. N addition resulted in lower resilience under the drought conditions and lower resistance at the end of the re-watering. However, N addition led to faster recovery of photosynthesis, especially in the C3 grass, which indicate that the effect of N addition on photosynthesis during drought was asymmetric, especially in the plants with different photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE). These findings demonstrated that nitrogen deposition may significant alter the susceptibility of C3 and C4 grass species to drought stress and re-watering, highlighting the asymmetry between resistance and resilience and to improve our understanding about plant responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yueqiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Michael E Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Jian-Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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45
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Drought suppresses soil predators and promotes root herbivores in mesic, but not in xeric grasslands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12883-12888. [PMID: 31186355 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900572116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precipitation changes among years and locations along gradients of mean annual precipitation (MAP). The way those changes interact and affect populations of soil organisms from arid to moist environments remains unknown. Temporal and spatial changes in precipitation could lead to shifts in functional composition of soil communities that are involved in key aspects of ecosystem functioning such as ecosystem primary production and carbon cycling. We experimentally reduced and increased growing-season precipitation for 2 y in field plots at arid, semiarid, and mesic grasslands to investigate temporal and spatial precipitation controls on the abundance and community functional composition of soil nematodes, a hyper-abundant and functionally diverse metazoan in terrestrial ecosystems. We found that total nematode abundance decreased with greater growing-season precipitation following increases in the abundance of predaceous nematodes that consumed and limited the abundance of nematodes lower in the trophic structure, including root feeders. The magnitude of these nematode responses to temporal changes in precipitation increased along the spatial gradient of long-term MAP, and significant effects only occurred at the mesic site. Contrary to the temporal pattern, nematode abundance increased with greater long-term MAP along the spatial gradient from arid to mesic grasslands. The projected increase in the frequency of extreme dry years in mesic grasslands will therefore weaken predation pressure belowground and increase populations of root-feeding nematodes, potentially leading to higher levels of plant infestation and plant damage that would exacerbate the negative effect of drought on ecosystem primary production and C cycling.
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46
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Guo X, Zhou X, Hale L, Yuan M, Ning D, Feng J, Shi Z, Li Z, Feng B, Gao Q, Wu L, Shi W, Zhou A, Fu Y, Wu L, He Z, Van Nostrand JD, Qiu G, Liu X, Luo Y, Tiedje JM, Yang Y, Zhou J. Climate warming accelerates temporal scaling of grassland soil microbial biodiversity. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:612-619. [PMID: 30911147 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Determining the temporal scaling of biodiversity, typically described as species-time relationships (STRs), in the face of global climate change is a central issue in ecology because it is fundamental to biodiversity preservation and ecosystem management. However, whether and how climate change affects microbial STRs remains unclear, mainly due to the scarcity of long-term experimental data. Here, we examine the STRs and phylogenetic-time relationships (PTRs) of soil bacteria and fungi in a long-term multifactorial global change experiment with warming (+3 °C), half precipitation (-50%), double precipitation (+100%) and clipping (annual plant biomass removal). Soil bacteria and fungi all exhibited strong STRs and PTRs across the 12 experimental conditions. Strikingly, warming accelerated the bacterial and fungal STR and PTR exponents (that is, the w values), yielding significantly (P < 0.001) higher temporal scaling rates. While the STRs and PTRs were significantly shifted by altered precipitation, clipping and their combinations, warming played the predominant role. In addition, comparison with the previous literature revealed that soil bacteria and fungi had considerably higher overall temporal scaling rates (w = 0.39-0.64) than those of plants and animals (w = 0.21-0.38). Our results on warming-enhanced temporal scaling of microbial biodiversity suggest that the strategies of soil biodiversity preservation and ecosystem management may need to be adjusted in a warmer world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xishu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Water Management Research Unit, SJVASC, USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Zhenxin Li
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linwei Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Ying Fu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Joy D Van Nostrand
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Guanzhou Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.,Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - James M Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. .,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. .,School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA. .,Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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47
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Zhang F, Quan Q, Ma F, Tian D, Zhou Q, Niu S. Differential responses of ecosystem carbon flux components to experimental precipitation gradient in an alpine meadow. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Quan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu University Chengdu China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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48
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Shi Z, Lin Y, Wilcox KR, Souza L, Jiang L, Jiang J, Jung CG, Xu X, Yuan M, Guo X, Wu L, Zhou J, Luo Y. Successional change in species composition alters climate sensitivity of grassland productivity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4993-5003. [PMID: 29851205 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Succession theory predicts altered sensitivity of ecosystem functions to disturbance (i.e., climate change) due to the temporal shift in plant community composition. However, empirical evidence in global change experiments is lacking to support this prediction. Here, we present findings from an 8-year long-term global change experiment with warming and altered precipitation manipulation (double and halved amount). First, we observed a temporal shift in species composition over 8 years, resulting in a transition from an annual C3 -dominant plant community to a perennial C4 -dominant plant community. This successional transition was independent of any experimental treatments. During the successional transition, the response of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to precipitation addition magnified from neutral to +45.3%, while the response to halved precipitation attenuated substantially from -17.6% to neutral. However, warming did not affect ANPP in either state. The findings further reveal that the time-dependent climate sensitivity may be regulated by successional change in species composition, highlighting the importance of vegetation dynamics in regulating the response of ecosystem productivity to precipitation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Kevin R Wilcox
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Lara Souza
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Lifen Jiang
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration in Jiangsu Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Gyo Jung
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Xia Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Xue Guo
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyou Wu
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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49
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Chen X, Chen HYH. Global effects of plant litter alterations on soil CO 2 to the atmosphere. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3462-3471. [PMID: 29575583 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) is the largest terrestrial carbon (C) efflux to the atmosphere and is predicted to increase drastically through global warming. However, the responses of Rs to global warming are complicated by the fact that terrestrial plant growth and the subsequent input of plant litter to soil are also altered by ongoing climate change and human activities. Despite a number of experiments established in various ecosystems around the world, it remains a challenge to predict the magnitude and direction of changes in Rs and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) due to litter alteration. We present a meta-analysis of 100 published studies to examine the responses of Rs and Q10 to manipulated aboveground and belowground litter alterations. We found that 100% aboveground litter addition (double litter) increased Rs by 26.1% (95% confident intervals, 18.4%-33.7%), whereas 100% aboveground litter removal, root removal and litter + root removal reduced Rs by 22.8% (18.5%-27.1%), 34.1% (27.2%-40.9%) and 43.4% (36.6%-50.2%) respectively. Moreover, the effects of aboveground double litter and litter removal on Rs increased with experimental duration, but not those of root removal. Aboveground litter removal marginally increased Q10 by 6.2% (0.2%-12.3%) because of the higher temperature sensitivity of stable C substrate than fresh litter. Estimated from the studies that simultaneously tested the responses of Rs to aboveground litter addition and removal and assuming negligible changes in root-derived Rs, "priming effect" on average accounted for 7.3% (0.6%-14.0%) of Rs and increased over time. Across the global variation in terrestrial ecosystems, the effects of aboveground litter removal, root removal, litter + root removal on Rs as well as the positive effect of litter removal on Q10 increased with water availability. Our meta-analysis indicates that priming effects should be considered in predicting Rs to climate change-induced increases in litterfall. Our analysis also highlights the need to incorporate spatial climate gradient in projecting long-term Rs responses to litter alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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50
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Guo X, Zhou X, Hale L, Yuan M, Feng J, Ning D, Shi Z, Qin Y, Liu F, Wu L, He Z, Van Nostrand JD, Liu X, Luo Y, Tiedje JM, Zhou J. Taxonomic and Functional Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to Annual Removal of Aboveground Plant Biomass. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:954. [PMID: 29904372 PMCID: PMC5990867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clipping, removal of aboveground plant biomass, is an important issue in grassland ecology. However, few studies have focused on the effect of clipping on belowground microbial communities. Using integrated metagenomic technologies, we examined the taxonomic and functional responses of soil microbial communities to annual clipping (2010-2014) in a grassland ecosystem of the Great Plains of North America. Our results indicated that clipping significantly (P < 0.05) increased root and microbial respiration rates. Annual temporal variation within the microbial communities was much greater than the significant changes introduced by clipping, but cumulative effects of clipping were still observed in the long-term scale. The abundances of some bacterial and fungal lineages including Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were significantly (P < 0.05) changed by clipping. Clipping significantly (P < 0.05) increased the abundances of labile carbon (C) degrading genes. More importantly, the abundances of recalcitrant C degrading genes were consistently and significantly (P < 0.05) increased by clipping in the last 2 years, which could accelerate recalcitrant C degradation and weaken long-term soil carbon stability. Furthermore, genes involved in nutrient-cycling processes including nitrogen cycling and phosphorus utilization were also significantly increased by clipping. The shifts of microbial communities were significantly correlated with soil respiration and plant productivity. Intriguingly, clipping effects on microbial function may be highly regulated by precipitation at the interannual scale. Altogether, our results illustrated the potential of soil microbial communities for increased soil organic matter decomposition under clipping land-use practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Guo
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Xishu Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Lauren Hale
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Jiajie Feng
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Yujia Qin
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Feifei Liu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Liyou Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Joy D. Van Nostrand
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Earth and Environmental Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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