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Volery L, Vaz Fernandez M, Wegmann D, Bacher S. A general framework to quantify and compare ecological impacts under temporal dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1726-1739. [PMID: 37515418 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is diminishing at alarming rates due to multiple anthropogenic drivers. To mitigate these drivers, their impacts must be quantified accurately and comparably across drivers. To enable that, we present a generally applicable framework introducing fundamental principles of ecological impact quantification, including the quantification of interactions between multiple drivers. The framework contrasts biodiversity variables in impacted against those in unimpacted or other reference situations while accounting for their temporal dynamics through modelling. Properly accounting for temporal dynamics reduces biases in impact quantification and comparison. The framework addresses key questions around ecological impacts in global change science, namely, how to compare impacts under temporal dynamics across stressors, how to account for stressor interactions in such comparisons, and how to compare the success of management actions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Volery
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Margarida Vaz Fernandez
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wegmann
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Torre I, Puig-Montserrat X, Díaz M. Global change effects on Mediterranean small mammal population dynamics: Demography of Algerian mice (Mus spretus) along land use and climate gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160875. [PMID: 36528104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate and land use change are key global change drivers shaping future species' distributions and abundances. Negative interactions among effects of drivers can reduce the accuracy of models aimed at predicting such distributions. Here we analyse how climate and land use affected population dynamics and demography of the Algerian mouse (Mus spretus), an open-land thermophilic Mediterranean small mammal. Change to a warmer and drier climate would facilitate the expansion of the species, whereas landscape change (forest encroachment following extensive land abandonment) would produce its retreat. We correlated abundance and demography parameters computed from captures obtained in 16 plots during a 10-years period (2008-2017; SEMICE small mammal monitoring) with climate, vegetation and land use change. Climate became warmer and dryer, and afforestation due to encroachment occurred in 81 % of plots. Expected positive effects of climate warming, derived from bioclimatic niche models, were counterbalanced by negative effects of both increasing hydric deficit and changes in vegetation and landscape structure. Abundance showed a slight but significant decline (-5 %). The species' range was more resilient to change, as shown by occupancy analyses, apparently due to strong local effects of vegetation structure on occupancy. This result highlighted that negative population trends would not necessarily produce range retractions. Simultaneously analysing both abundance trends and occupancy patterns may thus allow for deeper understanding and more accurate predictions of expected population trends in response to interacting global change drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Torre
- BiBio Research Group, Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, C/ Francesc Macià 51, E-08402 Granollers, Spain.
| | - Xavier Puig-Montserrat
- BiBio Research Group, Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers, C/ Francesc Macià 51, E-08402 Granollers, Spain
| | - Mario Díaz
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC), National Museum of Natural Sciences, C/ Serrano 115 Bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Maihoff F, Friess N, Hoiss B, Schmid‐Egger C, Kerner J, Neumayer J, Hopfenmüller S, Bässler C, Müller J, Classen A. Smaller, more diverse and on the way to the top: Rapid community shifts of montane wild bees within an extraordinary hot decade. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Maihoff
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Nicolas Friess
- Faculty of Geography University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Bernhard Hoiss
- Bayerische Akademie für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Laufen Germany
| | | | - Janika Kerner
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Hopfenmüller
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of Ulm Ulm Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Department of Conservation Biology, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity University of Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
- National Park Bavarian Forest Grafenau Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- National Park Bavarian Forest Grafenau Germany
| | - Alice Classen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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4
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Jacquemin A, Vallecillo D, Guillemain M, Defos Du Rau P, Champagnon J. Evaluation of the distance sampling technique to monitor gregarious species: A simulation exercise. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Jacquemin
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc 13200 Arles France
| | - David Vallecillo
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc 13200 Arles France
| | | | | | - Jocelyn Champagnon
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc 13200 Arles France
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Muñoz D, Miller D, Schilder R, Campbell Grant EH. Geographic variation and thermal plasticity shape salamander metabolic rates under current and future climates. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8433. [PMID: 35136543 PMCID: PMC8809431 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicted changes in global temperature are expected to increase extinction risk for ectotherms, primarily through increased metabolic rates. Higher metabolic rates generate increased maintenance energy costs which are a major component of energy budgets. Organisms often employ plastic or evolutionary (e.g., local adaptation) mechanisms to optimize metabolic rate with respect to their environment. We examined relationships between temperature and standard metabolic rate across four populations of a widespread amphibian species to determine if populations vary in metabolic response and if their metabolic rates are plastic to seasonal thermal cues. Populations from warmer climates lowered metabolic rates when acclimating to summer temperatures as compared to spring temperatures. This may act as an energy saving mechanism during the warmest time of the year. No such plasticity was evident in populations from cooler climates. Both juvenile and adult salamanders exhibited metabolic plasticity. Although some populations responded to historic climate thermal cues, no populations showed plastic metabolic rate responses to future climate temperatures, indicating there are constraints on plastic responses. We postulate that impacts of warming will likely impact the energy budgets of salamanders, potentially affecting key demographic rates, such as individual growth and investment in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muñoz
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rudolf Schilder
- Department of EntomologyDepartment of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- US Geological SurveyPatuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research LabTurners FallsMassachusettsUSA
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de Paz V, Tobajas E, Rosas-Ramos N, Tormos J, Asís JD, Baños-Picón L. Effect of Organic Farming and Agricultural Abandonment on Beneficial Arthropod Communities Associated with Olive Groves in Western Spain: Implications for Bactrocera oleae Management. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13010048. [PMID: 35055891 PMCID: PMC8778029 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural abandonment and intensification are among the main land-use changes in Europe. Along with these processes, different proposals have been developed to counteract the negative effects derived from agricultural intensification, including organic management. In this context, we aimed to determine how organic management and farmland abandonment affect Bactrocera oleae and its main groups of natural enemies: hymenopteran parasitoids, spiders, ants, carabids, and staphylinids. Between May and October 2018, four samplings were carried out in nine olive groves (three under organic management, three under traditional management, and three abandoned) in a rural area on the border between Spain and Portugal (Salamanca, Western Spain). Our results suggested differences between the natural enemy community composition of abandoned and organic groves, with slightly higher levels of richness and abundance in abandoned groves. We found no differences between organic and traditional groves. The managed olive groves sustained a different natural enemy community but were similarly rich and diverse compared with the more complex abandoned groves, with the latter not acting as a reservoir of B. oleae in our study area. Both systems may provide complementary habitats; however, further abandonment could cause a reduction in heterogeneity at the landscape scale and, consequently, a biodiversity loss.
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Guzmán-Jacob V, Weigelt P, Craven D, Zotz G, Krömer T, Kreft H. Biovera-Epi: A new database on species diversity, community composition and leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes along gradients of elevation and forest-use intensity in Mexico. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e71974. [PMID: 34720637 PMCID: PMC8516827 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e71974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This data paper describes a new, comprehensive database (BIOVERA-Epi) on species distributions and leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes, a poorly studied plant group, along gradients of elevation and forest-use intensity in the central part of Veracruz State, Mexico. The distribution data include frequencies of 271 vascular epiphyte species belonging to 92 genera and 23 families across 120 20 m × 20 m forest plots at eight study sites along an elevational gradient from sea level to 3500 m a.s.l. In addition, BIOVERA-Epi provides information on 1595 measurements of nine morphological and chemical leaf traits from 474 individuals and 102 species. For morphological leaf traits, we provide data on each sampled leaf. For chemical leaf traits, we provide data at the species level per site and land-use type. We also provide complementary information for each of the sampled plots and host trees. BIOVERA-Epi contributes to an emerging body of synthetic epiphytes studies combining functional traits and community composition. New information BIOVERA-Epi includes data on species frequency and leaf traits from 120 forest plots distributed along an elevational gradient, including six different forest types and three levels of forest-use intensity. It will expand the breadth of studies on epiphyte diversity, conservation and functional plant ecology in the Neotropics and will contribute to future synthetic studies on the ecology and diversity of tropical epiphyte assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guzmán-Jacob
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Dylan Craven
- Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany Universität Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Krömer
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana. Xalapa, Veracruz Mexico
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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McCain CM, Garfinkel CF. Climate change and elevational range shifts in insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:111-118. [PMID: 34175465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On mountains, unique in their steep and rapid climatic gradients, many insects are shifting their elevational range limits to track recent temperature change. In a review of the range shift literature to date, most of the 1478 montane insect populations tested so far are shifting to higher elevations, but there is conspicuous variation in the responses. We discuss the impact of study methodology as well as potential abiotic and biotic factors that may underlie this variation in climate change response. We encourage more empirical studies spanning greater insect biodiversity and directly testing how variation in species' traits, biogeography, and abiotic-biotic context shapes variation in range shift responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M McCain
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; CU Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.
| | - Chloe F Garfinkel
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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Fredston A, Pinsky M, Selden RL, Szuwalski C, Thorson JT, Gaines SD, Halpern BS. Range edges of North American marine species are tracking temperature over decades. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3145-3156. [PMID: 33759274 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of species range edges in the modern era is key to addressing fundamental biogeographic questions about abiotic and biotic drivers of species distributions. Range edges are where colonization and extirpation processes unfold, and so these dynamics are also important to understand for effective natural resource management and conservation. However, few studies to date have analyzed time series of range edge positions in the context of climate change, in part because range edges are difficult to detect. We first quantified positions for 165 range edges of marine fishes and invertebrates from three U.S. continental shelf regions using up to five decades of survey data and a spatiotemporal model to account for sampling and measurement variability. We then analyzed whether those range edges maintained their edge thermal niche-the temperatures found at the range edge position-over time. A large majority of range edges (88%) maintained either summer or winter temperature extremes at the range edge over the study period, and most maintained both (76%), although not all of those range edges shifted in space. However, we also found numerous range edges-particularly poleward edges and edges in the region that experienced the most warming-that did not shift at all, shifted further than predicted by temperature alone, or shifted opposite the direction expected, underscoring the multiplicity of factors that drive changes in range edge positions. This study suggests that range edges of temperate marine species have largely maintained the same edge thermal niche during periods of rapid change and provides a blueprint for testing whether and to what degree species range edges track temperature in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Fredston
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Malin Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca L Selden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Science Center, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Cody Szuwalski
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James T Thorson
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin S Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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10
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Vallecillo D, Gauthier‐Clerc M, Guillemain M, Vittecoq M, Vandewalle P, Roche B, Champagnon J. Reliability of animal counts and implications for the interpretation of trends. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2249-2260. [PMID: 33717452 PMCID: PMC7920765 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Population time series analysis is an integral part of conservation biology in the current context of global changes. To quantify changes in population size, wildlife counts only provide estimates because of various sources of error. When unaccounted for, such errors can obscure important ecological patterns and reduce confidence in the derived trend. In the case of highly gregarious species, which are common in the animal kingdom, the estimation of group size is an important potential bias, which is characterized by high variance among observers. In this context, it is crucial to quantify the impact of observer changes, inherent to population monitoring, on i) the minimum length of population time series required to detect significant trends and ii) the accuracy (bias and precision) of the trend estimate.We acquired group size estimation error data by an experimental protocol where 24 experienced observers conducted counting simulation tests on group sizes. We used this empirical data to simulate observations over 25 years of a declining population distributed over 100 sites. Five scenarios of changes in observer identity over time and sites were tested for each of three simulated trends (true population size evolving according to deterministic models parameterized with declines of 1.1%, 3.9% or 7.4% per year that justify respectively a "declining," "vulnerable" or "endangered" population under IUCN criteria).We found that under realistic field conditions observers detected the accurate value of the population trend in only 1.3% of the cases. Our results also show that trend estimates are similar if many observers are spatially distributed among the different sites, or if one single observer counts all sites. However, successive changes in observer identity over time lead to a clear decrease in the ability to reliably estimate a given population trend, and an increase in the number of years of monitoring required to adequately detect the trend.Minimizing temporal changes of observers improve the quality of count data and help taking appropriate management decisions and setting conservation priorities. The same occurs when increasing the number of observers spread over 100 sites. If the population surveyed is composed of few sites, then it is preferable to perform the survey by one observer. In this context, it is important to reconsider how we use estimated population trend values and potentially to scale our decisions according to the direction and duration of estimated trends, instead of setting too precise threshold values before action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vallecillo
- Tour du ValatResearch institute for the conservation of Mediterranean wetlandsArlesFrance
- OFBUnité Avifaune migratriceLa Tour du ValatArlesFrance
| | | | | | - Marion Vittecoq
- Tour du ValatResearch institute for the conservation of Mediterranean wetlandsArlesFrance
| | | | - Benjamin Roche
- IRDSorbonne UniversitéUMMISCOBondyFrance
- MIVEGEC, IRDCNRSUniversité MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Departamento de EtologíaFauna Silvestre y Animales de LaboratorioFacultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Jocelyn Champagnon
- Tour du ValatResearch institute for the conservation of Mediterranean wetlandsArlesFrance
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McCain CM, King SRB, Szewczyk TM. Unusually large upward shifts in cold-adapted, montane mammals as temperature warms. Ecology 2021; 102:e03300. [PMID: 33565621 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The largest and tallest mountain range in the contiguous United States, the Southern Rocky Mountains, has warmed considerably in the past several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. Herein we examine how 47 mammal elevational ranges (27 rodent and 4 shrew species) have changed from their historical distributions (1886-1979) to their contemporary distributions (post 2005) along 2,400-m elevational gradients in the Front Range and San Juan Mountains of Colorado. Historical elevational ranges were based on more than 4,580 georeferenced museum specimen and publication records. Contemporary elevational ranges were based on 7,444 records from systematic sampling efforts and museum specimen records. We constructed Bayesian models to estimate the probability a species was present, but undetected, due to undersampling at each 50-m elevational bin for each time period and mountain range. These models leveraged individual-level detection probabilities, the number and patchiness of detections across 50-m bands of elevation, and a decaying likelihood of presence from last known detections. We compared 95% likelihood elevational ranges between historical and contemporary time periods to detect directional change. Responses were variable as 26 mammal ranges changed upward, 6 did not change, 11 changed downward, and 4 were extirpated locally. The average range shift was 131 m upward, while exclusively montane species shifted upward more often (75%) and displayed larger average range shifts (346 m). The best predictors of upper limit and total directional change were species with higher maximum latitude in their geographic range, montane affiliation, and the study mountain was at the southern edge of their geographic range. Thus, mammals in the Southern Rocky Mountains serve as harbingers of more changes to come, particularly for montane, cold-adapted species in the southern portion of their ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M McCain
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,CU Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Sarah R B King
- CU Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | - Tim M Szewczyk
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA
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13
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Abstract
Abstract
The American pika (Ochotona princeps) is commonly perceived as a species that is at high risk of extinction due to climate change. The purpose of this review is two-fold: to evaluate the claim that climate change is threatening pikas with extinction, and to summarize the conservation status of the American pika. Most American pikas inhabit major cordilleras, such as the Rocky Mountain, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade ranges. Occupancy of potential pika habitat in these ranges is uniformly high and no discernible climate signal has been found that discriminates between the many occupied and relatively few unoccupied sites that have been recently surveyed. Pikas therefore are thriving across most of their range. The story differs in more marginal parts of the species range, primarily across the Great Basin, where a higher percentage of available habitat is unoccupied. A comprehensive review of Great Basin pikas revealed that occupied sites, sites of recent extirpation, and old sites, were regularly found within the same geographic and climatic space as extant sites, and suggested that pikas in the Great Basin tolerated a broader set of habitat and climatic conditions than previously understood. Studies of a small subset of extirpated sites in the Great Basin and in California found that climate variables (most notably measures of hot temperature) were associated more often with extirpated sites than occupied sites. Importantly, upward contraction of the lower elevation boundary also was found at some sites. However, models that incorporated variables other than climate (such as availability of upslope talus habitat) often were better predictors of site persistence. Many extirpations occurred on small habitat patches, which were subject to stochastic extinction, as informed by a long-term pika metapopulation study in Bodie, California. In addition, several sites may have been compromised by cattle grazing or other anthropogenic factors. In contrast, several low, hot sites (Bodie, Mono Craters, Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Lava Beds National Monument, Columbia River Gorge) retain active pika populations, demonstrating the adaptive capacity and resilience of pikas in response to adverse environmental conditions. Pikas cope with warm temperatures by retreating into cool interstices of their talus habitat and augment their restricted daytime foraging with nocturnal activity. Pikas exhibit significant flexibility in their foraging tactics and are highly selective in their choice of available vegetation. The trait that places pikas at greatest risk from climate change is their poor dispersal capability. Dispersal is more restricted in hotter environments, and isolated low-elevation sites that become extirpated are unlikely to be recolonized in a warming climate. The narrative that American pikas are going extinct appears to be an overreach. Pikas are doing well across most of their range, but there are limited, low-elevation losses that are likely to be permanent in what is currently marginal pika habitat. The resilience of pikas in the face of climate change, and their ability or inability to persist in marginal, hot environments, will continue to contribute to our understanding of the impact of climate change on individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Smith
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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14
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Jung M, Choo E, Lee S. Comprehensive Trends and Patterns of Antihypertensive Prescriptions Using a Nationwide Claims Database in Korea. Clin Epidemiol 2020; 12:963-975. [PMID: 32982461 PMCID: PMC7494009 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s265966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The number of people receiving antihypertensive prescriptions in Korea has increased more than threefold from 2002 to 2016. However, previous studies regarding the current use of these medications have been fairly limited. We aimed to examine the current trends and changes in the patterns of antihypertensive prescriptions based on a nationwide claims database. Patients and Methods Patients receiving antihypertensive medications over 30 days, without any limited therapeutic indication, were identified using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database between 2015 and 2017. For each patient, the use of antihypertensive medication was specified as the class of drug used for the longest duration in each year. Results A total of 8,625,821 patients in 2015, 8,997,829 patients in 2016, and 9,357,751 patients in 2017 taking antihypertensives were included in this study. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (35.9% in 2015 and 38.9% in 2017) and calcium channel blockers (CCB) (37.1% in 2015 and 35.2% in 2017) for monotherapy, ARB+CCB combinations (49.3% in 2015 and 56.3% in 2017) for dual therapy, and ARB+CCB+diuretics combinations (48.8% in 2015 and 48.9% in 2017) for more than triple therapy were the most frequently prescribed. Subjects aged ≥70 showed the highest prescription rate of antihypertensives compared with those <70; however, a decreasing trend presented from 62.3% in 2015 to 54.2% in 2017. Additionally, in subjects aged >70 years, the rate in women was higher than that in men, but this was reversed in younger patients. While changes arose in the patterns of the use of antihypertensives, these were similar each year. Conclusion The trends and changes in the patterns of the use of antihypertensive medications were affected by age, sex, and type of therapy. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the actual status regarding the use of antihypertensive medications in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Jung
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Choo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyang Lee
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Vagle GL, McCain CM. Natural population variability may be masking the more-individuals hypothesis. Ecology 2020; 101:e03035. [PMID: 32112417 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Species richness and productivity are correlated at global and regional scales, but the mechanisms linking them are inconclusive. The most commonly invoked mechanism, the more-individuals hypothesis (MIH), hypothesizes that increased productivity leads to increased food resource availability, which leads to an increased number of individuals supporting more species. Empirical evidence for the MIH remains mixed despite a substantial literature. Here we used simulations to determine whether interannual population variability could be masking a "true" MIH relationship. In each simulation, fixed linear relationships between productivity, richness, and 50-yr average abundance mimicked the MIH mechanism. Abundance was allowed to vary annually and sampled for 1-40 yr. Linear regressions of richness on sampled abundance assessed the probability of detecting the fixed MIH relationship. Medium to high population variability with short-term sampling (1-3 yr) led to poor detection of the fixed MIH relationship. Notably, this level of sampling and population variability describes nearly all MIH studies to date. Long-term sampling (5+ yr) led to improved detection of the fixed relationship; thus it is necessary to detect support for the MIH reliably. Such sampling duration is nonexistent in the MIH literature. Robust future studies of the MIH necessitate consideration of interannual population variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Vagle
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Christy M McCain
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.,Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
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16
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Loehle C. Quantifying species’ geographic range changes: conceptual and statistical issues. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Loehle
- NCASI 1258 Windemere Avenue Naperville Illinois 60564 USA
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17
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Ehrich D, Schmidt NM, Gauthier G, Alisauskas R, Angerbjörn A, Clark K, Ecke F, Eide NE, Framstad E, Frandsen J, Franke A, Gilg O, Giroux MA, Henttonen H, Hörnfeldt B, Ims RA, Kataev GD, Kharitonov SP, Killengreen ST, Krebs CJ, Lanctot RB, Lecomte N, Menyushina IE, Morris DW, Morrisson G, Oksanen L, Oksanen T, Olofsson J, Pokrovsky IG, Popov IY, Reid D, Roth JD, Saalfeld ST, Samelius G, Sittler B, Sleptsov SM, Smith PA, Sokolov AA, Sokolova NA, Soloviev MY, Solovyeva DV. Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends? AMBIO 2020; 49:786-800. [PMID: 31332767 PMCID: PMC6989711 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Ehrich
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gilles Gauthier
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Ray Alisauskas
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4 Canada
| | - Anders Angerbjörn
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Clark
- Environment and Natural Resources, PO Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Canada
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina E. Eide
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O.Box 5685, Torgard, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Framstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jay Frandsen
- Parks Canada, PO Box 1840, 81 Kingmingya, Inuvik, NT X0E0T0 Canada
| | - Alastair Franke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
- Groupe de recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 rue de Vernot, 21440 Francheville, France
| | - Marie-Andrée Giroux
- K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf A. Ims
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gennadiy D. Kataev
- Laplandskii Nature Reserve, Per. Zelenyi 8, Monchegorsk, Murmansk Region Russia
| | | | - Siw T. Killengreen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charles J. Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Richard B. Lanctot
- Migratory Bird Management Division, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | | | - Douglas W. Morris
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 954 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON PTB 5E1 Canada
| | - Guy Morrisson
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Lauri Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 1621, 9509 Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 1621, 9509 Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivan G. Pokrovsky
- Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg, 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, 18 Portovaya Str, Magadan, 685000 Russia
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
| | - Igor Yu. Popov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskij prosp, Moscow, Russia 119071
| | - Donald Reid
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 5T2 Canada
| | - James D. Roth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Sarah T. Saalfeld
- Migratory Bird Management Division, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA
| | - Gustaf Samelius
- Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Avenue North, Seattle, USA
| | - Benoit Sittler
- Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Sleptsov
- Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin Avenue, 41, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic Russia 677980
| | - Paul A. Smith
- National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Aleksandr A. Sokolov
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
- Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Sokolova
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
- Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Soloviev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Diana V. Solovyeva
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, 18 Portovaya Str, Magadan, 685000 Russia
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18
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Fournier AMV, White ER, Heard SB. Site-selection bias and apparent population declines in long-term studies. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:1370-1379. [PMID: 31210365 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Detecting population declines is a critical task for conservation biology. Logistical difficulties and the spatiotemporal variability of populations make estimation of population declines difficult. For statistical reasons, estimates of population decline may be biased when study sites are chosen based on abundance of the focal species. In this situation, apparent population declines are likely to be detected even if there is no decline. This site-selection bias is mentioned in the literature but is not well known. We used simulations and real population data to examine the effects of site-selection biases on inferences about population trends. We used a left-censoring method to detect population-size patterns consistent with site-selection bias. The site-selection bias is an important consideration for conservation biologists, and we offer suggestions for minimizing or mitigating it in study design and analysis. Article impact statement: Estimates of population declines are biased if studies begin in large populations, and time-series data show a signature of such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriel M V Fournier
- Coastal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, 1815 Popp's Ferry Road, Biloxi, MS, 39532, U.S.A
| | - Easton R White
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, U.S.A
| | - Stephen B Heard
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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19
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Szewczyk TM, Lee T, Ducey MJ, Aiello-Lammens ME, Bibaud H, Allen JM. Local management in a regional context: Simulations with process-based species distribution models. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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20
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McCain CM. Assessing the risks to United States and Canadian mammals caused by climate change using a trait-mediated model. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A set of 182 populations of 76 mammal species in the United States and Canada, examined in natural conditions with minimized disturbances or management effects, shows that responses to climate change include negative responses, such as elevational range contractions, upward shifts and decreases in abundance, positive responses, such as range expansions, and no detectable responses. Responses vary among and within mammal species but many are correlated with species traits, particularly the responses linked to high extinction risks (= climate change risk: decreases in population sizes, range contractions, local extirpations). The traits showing the strongest links to differential responses to climate change are 1) body size—large mammals respond more often and most negatively to climate change, 2) activity times—few mammals with flexible active times respond to climate change, and 3) spatial distribution—high-latitude and high-elevation mammals responded more often to climate change. Using these traits and two approaches to trait weighting, I modeled the relative climate change risk for all 328 terrestrial, nonvolant mammal species in the United States and Canada across 10 levels of risk (low = 1–2, moderate = 3–4, moderate-high = 5–6, high = 7–8, very high = 9–10). The models predicted that 15% of these mammalian species are in the high- and very high-risk categories, including species from most orders. Many mammal populations and species listed as of conservation concern due to other human impacts by national or international agencies are also predicted by my models to be in the higher categories of climate change risk. My intention for these models is to clarify for managers and researchers which, where, and how mammals are responding to climate change relatively independent of other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., large-scale habitat change, overhunting) and to provide a preliminary assessment of species most in need of careful monitoring for climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M McCain
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and CU Museum of Natural History, 265 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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21
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Wauchope HS, Amano T, Sutherland WJ, Johnston A. When can we trust population trends? A method for quantifying the effects of sampling interval and duration. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S. Wauchope
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Alison Johnston
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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22
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Bañuelos MJ, Blanco-Fontao B, Fameli A, Fernández-Gil A, Mirol P, Morán-Luis M, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Quevedo M. Population dynamics of an endangered forest bird using mark–recapture models based on DNA-tagging. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Cheng W, Kendrick RC, Guo F, Xing S, Tingley MW, Bonebrake TC. Complex elevational shifts in a tropical lowland moth community following a decade of climate change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Cheng
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Roger C. Kendrick
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
- C&R Wildlife Tai Po Hong Kong SAR China
- Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Corporation Tai Po Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Fengyi Guo
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shuang Xing
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Morgan W. Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut
| | - Timothy C. Bonebrake
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
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24
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White ER. Minimum Time Required to Detect Population Trends: The Need for Long-Term Monitoring Programs. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Easton R White
- Center for Population Biology at the University of California, Davis
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25
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Gibson D, Blomberg EJ, Atamian MT, Espinosa SP, Sedinger JS. Effects of power lines on habitat use and demography of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gibson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology; University of Nevada Reno; Mail Stop 186 Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Erik J. Blomberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology; University of Maine; 5755 Nutting Hall Room 210 Orono ME 04469 USA
| | - Michael T. Atamian
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; 2315 North Discovery Place Spokane Valley WA 99216 USA
| | - Shawn P. Espinosa
- Nevada Department of Wildlife; 6980 Sierra Center Parkway, Suite 120 Reno NV 89511 USA
| | - James S. Sedinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology; University of Nevada Reno; Mail Stop 186 Reno NV 89557 USA
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26
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Borzée A, Andersen D, Jang Y. Population trend inferred from aural surveys for calling anurans in Korea. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5568. [PMID: 30258708 PMCID: PMC6151124 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian populations fluctuate naturally in size and range and large datasets are required to establish trends in species dynamics. To determine population trends for the endangered Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis), we conducted aural surveys in 2015, 2016, and 2017 at each of 122 sites where the species was known to occur in the Republic of Korea. Despite being based on individual counts, the focus of this study was to establish population trends rather than population size estimates, and we found both environmental and landscape variables to be significant factors. Encroachment was also a key factor that influenced both the decreasing number of calling individuals and the negative population dynamics, represented here by the difference in the number of calling individuals between years. Generally, most sites displayed minimal differences in the number of calling males between years, although there was a large fluctuation in the number of individuals at some sites. Finally, when adjusted for the overall population size difference between years, we found the population size to be decreasing between 2015 and 2017, with a significant decrease in the number of calling individuals at specific sites. High rate of encroachment was the principal explanatory factor behind these marked negative peaks in population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Claassens L, Hodgson AN. Monthly population density and structure patterns of an endangered seahorse Hippocampus capensis: a comparison between natural and artificial habitats. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:2000-2015. [PMID: 29675915 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated aspects of the population ecology of the endangered Knysna seahorse Hippocampus capensis within different habitat types. High densities of H. capensis were found within artificial Reno mattress habitat, within the Knysna Estuary, South Africa. Monthly surveys at three sites were conducted from October 2015 to August 2016 to compare population densities of H. capensis in this artificial habitat with natural eel grass Zostera capensis habitat. Hippocampus capensis densities varied significantly across all sites and highest population densities were consistently observed within the Reno mattress habitat. Hippocampus capensis were also found to be significantly larger within the Reno mattress habitat and pooled data showed that males were significantly larger than females. The overall sex ratio for all three sites was female biased, although this varied across seasons at two sites. The findings suggest that artificial Reno mattresses provide novel habitat for this endangered species and consideration should be given to the usefulness of these structures in future conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Claassens
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Knysna Basin Project, Knysna, 6570, South Africa
| | - A N Hodgson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Knysna Basin Project, Knysna, 6570, South Africa
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28
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Malanson GP. Intraspecific variability may not compensate for increasing climatic volatility. POPUL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-018-0612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Englert Duursma D, Gallagher RV, Griffith SC. Effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation on avian breeding phenology. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon C. Griffith
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia
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30
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Wohlgemuth D, Solan M, Godbold JA. Species contributions to ecosystem process and function can be population dependent and modified by biotic and abiotic setting. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:rspb.2016.2805. [PMID: 28566482 PMCID: PMC5454255 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is unequivocal evidence that altered biodiversity, through changes in the expression and distribution of functional traits, can have large impacts on ecosystem properties. However, trait-based summaries of how organisms affect ecosystem properties often assume that traits show constancy within and between populations and that species contributions to ecosystem functioning are not overly affected by the presence of other species or variations in abiotic conditions. Here, we evaluate the validity of these assumptions using an experiment in which three geographically distinct populations of intertidal sediment-dwelling invertebrates are reciprocally substituted. We find that the mediation of macronutrient generation by these species can vary between different populations and show that changes in biotic and/or abiotic conditions can further modify functionally important aspects of the behaviour of individuals within a population. Our results demonstrate the importance of knowing how, when, and why traits are expressed and suggest that these dimensions of species functionality are not sufficiently well-constrained to facilitate the accurate projection of the functional consequences of change. Information regarding the ecological role of key species and assumptions about the form of species–environment interactions needs urgent refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wohlgemuth
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Martin Solan
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Jasmin A Godbold
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.,Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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31
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Loehle C, Weatherford P. Detecting population trends with historical data: Contributions of volatility, low detectability, and metapopulation turnover to potential sampling bias. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Ashcroft MB, King DH, Raymond B, Turnbull JD, Wasley J, Robinson SA. Moving beyond presence and absence when examining changes in species distributions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2929-2940. [PMID: 28100027 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Species distributions are often simplified to binary representations of the ranges where they are present and absent. It is then common to look for changes in these ranges as indicators of the effects of climate change, the expansion or control of invasive species or the impact of human land-use changes. We argue that there are inherent problems with this approach, and more emphasis should be placed on species relative abundance rather than just presence. The sampling effort required to be confident of absence is often impractical to achieve, and estimates of species range changes based on survey data are therefore inherently sensitive to sampling intensity. Species niches estimated using presence-absence or presence-only models are broader than those for abundance and may exaggerate the viability of small marginal sink populations. We demonstrate that it is possible to transform models of predicted probability of presence to expected abundance if the sampling intensity is known. Using case studies of Antarctic mosses and temperate rain forest trees, we demonstrate additional insights into biotic change that can be gained using this method. While species becoming locally extinct or colonising new areas are extreme and obviously important impacts of global environmental change, changes in abundance could still signal important changes in biological systems and be an early warning indicator of larger future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ashcroft
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Diana H King
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Ben Raymond
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Private Bag 80, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Johanna D Turnbull
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Jane Wasley
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Gatti G, Bianchi CN, Montefalcone M, Venturini S, Diviacco G, Morri C. Observational information on a temperate reef community helps understanding the marine climate and ecosystem shift of the 1980-90s. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:528-538. [PMID: 27743657 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dearth of long-time series hampers the measurement of the ecosystem change that followed the global marine climate shift of the 1980-90s. The sessile communities of Portofino Promontory reefs (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean) have been discontinuously studied since the 1950s. Collating information from various sources, three periods of investigations have been distinguished: 1) 1950-70s; 2) 1980-90s; 3) 2000-10s. A cooler phase in time 1 was followed by a rapid warming in time 2, to stabilize at about 0.5°C higher in time 3. Human pressure grew impressively, especially after the establishment of a MPA in 1999. Multivariate analyses evidenced a major change of community composition in time 2. Some species disappeared or got rarer, many found refuge at depth, and among the newcomers there were recently introduced alien species. This study demonstrated the importance of descriptive historical data to understand magnitude and pattern of change in the long term evolution of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gatti
- Aix Marseille University, , Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.
| | - Carlo Nike Bianchi
- DiSTAV (Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Montefalcone
- DiSTAV (Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Venturini
- Marine Protected Area of Portofino, Viale Rainusso 1, 16038 Santa Margherita Ligure, Italy
| | - Giovanni Diviacco
- Regione Liguria, Settore Sviluppo Sostenibile, Parchi e Biodiversità, Via D'Annunzio 111, 16121 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carla Morri
- DiSTAV (Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Muñoz DJ, Miller Hesed K, Campbell Grant EH, Miller DAW. Evaluating within-population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal-limited species to climate change. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8740-8755. [PMID: 28035265 PMCID: PMC5192747 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathways exist for species to respond to changing climates. However, responses of dispersal‐limited species will be more strongly tied to ability to adapt within existing populations as rates of environmental change will likely exceed movement rates. Here, we assess adaptive capacity in Plethodon cinereus, a dispersal‐limited woodland salamander. We quantify plasticity in behavior and variation in demography to observed variation in environmental variables over a 5‐year period. We found strong evidence that temperature and rainfall influence P. cinereus surface presence, indicating changes in climate are likely to affect seasonal activity patterns. We also found that warmer summer temperatures reduced individual growth rates into the autumn, which is likely to have negative demographic consequences. Reduced growth rates may delay reproductive maturity and lead to reductions in size‐specific fecundity, potentially reducing population‐level persistence. To better understand within‐population variability in responses, we examined differences between two common color morphs. Previous evidence suggests that the color polymorphism may be linked to physiological differences in heat and moisture tolerance. We found only moderate support for morph‐specific differences for the relationship between individual growth and temperature. Measuring environmental sensitivity to climatic variability is the first step in predicting species' responses to climate change. Our results suggest phenological shifts and changes in growth rates are likely responses under scenarios where further warming occurs, and we discuss possible adaptive strategies for resulting selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Muñoz
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Kyle Miller Hesed
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD USA; Present address: Biology Program Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics Hesston College Hesston KS USA
| | | | - David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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