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LaFrance BJ, Ray AM, Fisher RN, Grant EHC, Shafer C, Beamer DA, Spear SF, Pierson TW, Davenport JM, Niemiller ML, Pyron RA, Glorioso BM, Barichivich WJ, Halstead BJ, Roberts KG, Hossack BR. Publisher Correction: A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks. Sci Data 2024; 11:409. [PMID: 38649357 PMCID: PMC11035695 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J LaFrance
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, Jackson, WY, 83001, USA
- National Park Service-Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- National Park Service-Southern Plains Network, Pecos, NM, 87552, USA.
| | - Robert N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Charles Shafer
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - David A Beamer
- Office of Research, Economic Development and Engagement, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Stephen F Spear
- U.S. Geological Survey-Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Todd W Pierson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Jon M Davenport
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Brad M Glorioso
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - William J Barichivich
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Brian J Halstead
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - Kory G Roberts
- Arkansas Herpetological Atlas, Bella Vista, AR, 72715, USA
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey-Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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LaFrance BJ, Ray AM, Fisher RN, Grant EHC, Shafer C, Beamer DA, Spear SF, Pierson TW, Davenport JM, Niemiller ML, Pyron RA, Glorioso BM, Barichivich WJ, Halstead BJ, Roberts KG, Hossack BR. A Dataset of Amphibian Species in U.S. National Parks. Sci Data 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38177140 PMCID: PMC10767084 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
National parks and other protected areas are important for preserving landscapes and biodiversity worldwide. An essential component of the mission of the United States (U.S.) National Park Service (NPS) requires understanding and maintaining accurate inventories of species on protected lands. We describe a new, national-scale synthesis of amphibian species occurrence in the NPS system. Many park units have a list of amphibian species observed within their borders compiled from various sources and available publicly through the NPSpecies platform. However, many of the observations in NPSpecies remain unverified and the lists are often outdated. We updated the amphibian dataset for each park unit by collating old and new park-level records and had them verified by regional experts. The new dataset contains occurrence records for 292 of the 424 NPS units and includes updated taxonomy, international and state conservation rankings, hyperlinks to a supporting reference for each record, specific notes, and related fields which can be used to better understand and manage amphibian biodiversity within a single park or group of parks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J LaFrance
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, Jackson, WY, 83001, USA
- National Park Service-Greater Yellowstone Network, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- National Park Service-Southern Plains Network, Pecos, NM, 87552, USA.
| | - Robert N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Charles Shafer
- U.S. Geological Survey-Eastern Ecological Research Center (Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - David A Beamer
- Office of Research, Economic Development and Engagement, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Stephen F Spear
- U.S. Geological Survey-Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Todd W Pierson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, USA
| | - Jon M Davenport
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - R Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Brad M Glorioso
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - William J Barichivich
- U.S. Geological Survey-Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Brian J Halstead
- U.S. Geological Survey-Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - Kory G Roberts
- Arkansas Herpetological Atlas, Bella Vista, AR, 72715, USA
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey-Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center; Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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3
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Tornabene BJ, Hossack BR, Halstead BJ, Eagles-Smith CA, Adams MJ, Backlin AR, Brand AB, Emery CS, Fisher RN, Fleming J, Glorioso BM, Grear DA, Grant EHC, Kleeman PM, Miller DAW, Muths E, Pearl CA, Rowe JC, Rumrill CT, Waddle JH, Winzeler ME, Smalling KL. Broad-Scale Assessment of Methylmercury in Adult Amphibians. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:17511-17521. [PMID: 37902062 PMCID: PMC10653216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic contaminant that has been mobilized and distributed worldwide and is a threat to many wildlife species. Amphibians are facing unprecedented global declines due to many threats including contaminants. While the biphasic life history of many amphibians creates a potential nexus for methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in aquatic habitats and subsequent health effects, the broad-scale distribution of MeHg exposure in amphibians remains unknown. We used nonlethal sampling to assess MeHg bioaccumulation in 3,241 juvenile and adult amphibians during 2017-2021. We sampled 26 populations (14 species) across 11 states in the United States, including several imperiled species that could not have been sampled by traditional lethal methods. We examined whether life history traits of species and whether the concentration of total mercury in sediment or dragonflies could be used as indicators of MeHg bioaccumulation in amphibians. Methylmercury contamination was widespread, with a 33-fold difference in concentrations across sites. Variation among years and clustered subsites was less than variation across sites. Life history characteristics such as size, sex, and whether the amphibian was a frog, toad, newt, or other salamander were the factors most strongly associated with bioaccumulation. Total Hg in dragonflies was a reliable indicator of bioaccumulation of MeHg in amphibians (R2 ≥ 0.67), whereas total Hg in sediment was not (R2 ≤ 0.04). Our study, the largest broad-scale assessment of MeHg bioaccumulation in amphibians, highlights methodological advances that allow for nonlethal sampling of rare species and reveals immense variation among species, life histories, and sites. Our findings can help identify sensitive populations and provide environmentally relevant concentrations for future studies to better quantify the potential threats of MeHg to amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Tornabene
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain
Science Center, Missoula, Montana 59801, United States
| | - Blake R. Hossack
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain
Science Center, Missoula, Montana 59801, United States
- Wildlife
Biology Program, W. A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Brian J. Halstead
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research
Center, Dixon, California 95620, United States
| | - Collin A. Eagles-Smith
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Michael J. Adams
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Adam R. Backlin
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research
Center, San Diego, California 92101, United States
| | - Adrianne B. Brand
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center
(Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, United States
| | - Colleen S. Emery
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Robert N. Fisher
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research
Center, San Diego, California 92101, United States
| | - Jill Fleming
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center
(Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, United States
| | - Brad M. Glorioso
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506, United States
| | - Daniel A. Grear
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center
(Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Turners Falls, Massachusetts 01376, United States
| | - Patrick M. Kleeman
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, California 94956, United States
| | - David A. W. Miller
- Department
of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Erin Muths
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, United States
| | - Christopher A. Pearl
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Jennifer C. Rowe
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - Caitlin T. Rumrill
- U.S.
Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 United States
| | - J. Hardin Waddle
- U.S. Geological
Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida 32653, United States
| | - Megan E. Winzeler
- U.S.
Geological
Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Kelly L. Smalling
- U.S. Geological
Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
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4
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Wright AD, Campbell Grant EH, Zipkin EF. A comparison of monitoring designs to assess wildlife community parameters across spatial scales. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2621. [PMID: 35389538 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dedicated long-term monitoring at appropriate spatial and temporal scales is necessary to understand biodiversity losses and develop effective conservation plans. Wildlife monitoring is often achieved by obtaining data at a combination of spatial scales, ranging from local to broad, to understand the status, trends, and drivers of individual species or whole communities and their dynamics. However, limited resources for monitoring necessitates tradeoffs in the scope and scale of data collection. Careful consideration of the spatial and temporal allocation of finite sampling effort is crucial for monitoring programs that span multiple spatial scales. Here we evaluate the ability of five monitoring designs-stratified random, weighted effort, indicator unit, rotating panel, and split panel-to recover parameter values that describe the status (occupancy), trends (change in occupancy), and drivers (spatially varying covariate and an autologistic term) of wildlife communities at two spatial scales. Using an amphibian monitoring program that spans a network of US national parks as a motivating example, we conducted a simulation study for a regional community occupancy sampling program to compare the monitoring designs across varying levels of sampling effort (ranging from 10% to 50%). We found that the stratified random design outperformed the other designs for most parameters of interest at both scales and was thus generally preferable in balancing the estimation of status, trends, and drivers across scales. However, we found that other designs had improved performance in specific situations. For example, the rotating panel design performed best at estimating spatial drivers at a regional level. Thus, our results highlight the nuanced scenarios in which various design strategies may be preferred and offer guidance as to how managers can balance common tradeoffs in large-scale and long-term monitoring programs in terms of the specific knowledge gained. Monitoring designs that improve accuracy in parameter estimates are needed to guide conservation policy and management decisions in the face of broad-scale environmental challenges, but the preferred design is sensitive to the specific objectives of a monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Turners Falls, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elise F Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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5
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Weiskopf SR, Shiklomanov AN, Thompson L, Wheedleton S, Campbell Grant EH. Winter severity affects occupancy of spring‐ and summer‐breeding anurans across the eastern United States. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Weiskopf
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center Reston Virginia USA
| | | | - Laura Thompson
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center Reston Virginia USA
| | - Sarah Wheedleton
- Smithsonian Conservation Commons Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern, Ecological Science Center Turners Falls Massachusetts USA
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6
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Grider J, Thogmartin WE, Campbell Grant EH, Bernard RF, Russell RE. Early Treatment of White‐nose Syndrome is Necessary to Stop Population Decline. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Grider
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Wayne E. Thogmartin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center La Crosse WI USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center – Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, S. O. Conte Anadromous Research Laboratory Turners Falls
| | - Riley F. Bernard
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University PA USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S. O. Conte Anadromous Research Laboratory Turners Falls
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7
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Reinke BA, Cayuela H, Janzen FJ, Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM, Lawing AM, Iverson JB, Christiansen DG, Martínez-Solano I, Sánchez-Montes G, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Rose FL, Nelson N, Keall S, Crivelli AJ, Nazirides T, Grimm-Seyfarth A, Henle K, Mori E, Guiller G, Homan R, Olivier A, Muths E, Hossack BR, Bonnet X, Pilliod DS, Lettink M, Whitaker T, Schmidt BR, Gardner MG, Cheylan M, Poitevin F, Golubović A, Tomović L, Arsovski D, Griffiths RA, Arntzen JW, Baron JP, Le Galliard JF, Tully T, Luiselli L, Capula M, Rugiero L, McCaffery R, Eby LA, Briggs-Gonzalez V, Mazzotti F, Pearson D, Lambert BA, Green DM, Jreidini N, Angelini C, Pyke G, Thirion JM, Joly P, Léna JP, Tucker AD, Limpus C, Priol P, Besnard A, Bernard P, Stanford K, King R, Garwood J, Bosch J, Souza FL, Bertoluci J, Famelli S, Grossenbacher K, Lenzi O, Matthews K, Boitaud S, Olson DH, Jessop TS, Gillespie GR, Clobert J, Richard M, Valenzuela-Sánchez A, Fellers GM, Kleeman PM, Halstead BJ, Grant EHC, Byrne PG, Frétey T, Le Garff B, Levionnois P, Maerz JC, Pichenot J, Olgun K, Üzüm N, Avcı A, Miaud C, Elmberg J, Brown GP, Shine R, Bendik NF, O'Donnell L, Davis CL, Lannoo MJ, Stiles RM, Cox RM, Reedy AM, Warner DA, Bonnaire E, Grayson K, Ramos-Targarona R, Baskale E, Muñoz D, Measey J, de Villiers FA, Selman W, Ronget V, Bronikowski AM, Miller DAW. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity. Science 2022; 376:1459-1466. [PMID: 35737773 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Reinke
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Hugo Cayuela
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fredric J Janzen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | | | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Michelle Lawing
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John B Iverson
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN, USA
| | - Ditte G Christiansen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Sánchez-Montes
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Francis L Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Nicola Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Susan Keall
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alain J Crivelli
- Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Tour du Valat, Arles, France
| | | | - Annegret Grimm-Seyfarth
- Department Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Henle
- Department Conservation Biology and Social-Ecological Systems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emiliano Mori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Rebecca Homan
- Biology Department, Denison University, Granville, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Olivier
- Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Tour du Valat, Arles, France
| | - Erin Muths
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Blake R Hossack
- US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Xavier Bonnet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS UMR 7372 - Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - David S Pilliod
- US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID, USA
| | | | | | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Info Fauna Karch, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Michael G Gardner
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marc Cheylan
- PSL Research University, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Poitevin
- PSL Research University, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana Golubović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Tomović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Richard A Griffiths
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Baron
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL University, Département de biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
| | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Ecole normale supérieure, PSL University, Département de biologie, CNRS, UMS 3194, Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, UPEC, IRD, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, iEES-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Tully
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, UPEC, IRD, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, iEES-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luca Luiselli
- Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Animal and Applied Biology, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Zoology, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Lorenzo Rugiero
- Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca McCaffery
- US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Port Angeles, WA, USA
| | - Lisa A Eby
- Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Venetia Briggs-Gonzalez
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Frank Mazzotti
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - David Pearson
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Wanneroo, WA, Australia
| | - Brad A Lambert
- Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - David M Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Graham Pyke
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CN, Kunming, PR China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Pierre Joly
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Paul Léna
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anton D Tucker
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Parks and Wildlife Service-Marine Science Program, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Col Limpus
- Threatened Species Operations, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Aurélien Besnard
- CNRS, EPHE, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, PSL Research University, Montpelier, France
| | - Pauline Bernard
- Conservatoire d'espaces naturels d'Occitanie, Montpellier, France
| | - Kristin Stanford
- Ohio Sea Grant and Stone Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Put-In-Bay, OH, USA
| | - Richard King
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - Justin Garwood
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- IMIB-Biodiversity Research Unit, University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias, Mieres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación, Seguimiento y Evaluación, Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, Rascafría, Spain
| | - Franco L Souza
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jaime Bertoluci
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirley Famelli
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Omar Lenzi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kathleen Matthews
- USDA Forest Service (Retired), Pacific Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Sylvain Boitaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Deanna H Olson
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Tim S Jessop
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Graeme R Gillespie
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Palmerston, NT, Australia
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS-UMR532, Saint Girons, France
| | - Murielle Richard
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale de Moulis, CNRS-UMR532, Saint Girons, France
| | - Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- ONG Ranita de Darwin, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gary M Fellers
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kleeman
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Halstead
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- US Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Research Center (formerly Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Phillip G Byrne
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - John C Maerz
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Julian Pichenot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Eco-éthologie, URCA-CERFE, Boult-aux-Bois, France
| | - Kurtuluş Olgun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nazan Üzüm
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Aziz Avcı
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Claude Miaud
- PSL Research University, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Johan Elmberg
- Department of Environmental Science and Bioscience, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Gregory P Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan F Bendik
- Watershed Protection Department, City of Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lisa O'Donnell
- Balcones Canyonlands Preserve, City of Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert M Cox
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aaron M Reedy
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Daniel A Warner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Eric Bonnaire
- Office National des Forêts, Agence de Meurthe-et-Moselle, Nancy, France
| | - Kristine Grayson
- Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Eyup Baskale
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - David Muñoz
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - F Andre de Villiers
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Will Selman
- Department of Biology, Millsaps College, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Victor Ronget
- Unité Eco-anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Anne M Bronikowski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
| | - David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella V. DiRenzo
- U.S. Geological Survey, Massachusetts Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - David A. W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, 411 Forest Resources Building University Park PA 16802 USA
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9
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Cook JD, Campbell Grant EH, Coleman JTH, Sleeman JM, Runge MC. Evaluating the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to bats in the context of wildlife research, rehabilitation, and control. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [PMCID: PMC9111074 DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Cook
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center at the S.O. Conte Research Laboratory Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
| | | | | | - Michael C. Runge
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge Laurel MD 20708 USA
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10
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Robinson KA, Prostak SM, Campbell Grant EH, Fritz-Laylin LK. Amphibian mucus triggers a developmental transition in the frog-killing chytrid fungus. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2765-2771.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Moore JF, Martin J, Waddle H, Campbell Grant EH, Fleming J, Bohnett E, Akre TSB, Brown DJ, Jones MT, Meck JR, Oxenrider K, Tur A, Willey LL, Johnson F. Evaluating the effect of expert elicitation techniques on population status assessment in the face of large uncertainty. J Environ Manage 2022; 306:114453. [PMID: 35033890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Population projection models are important tools for conservation and management. They are often used for population status assessments, for threat analyses, and to predict the consequences of conservation actions. Although conservation decisions should be informed by science, critical decisions are often made with very little information to support decision-making. Conversely, postponing decisions until better information is available may reduce the benefit of a conservation decision. When empirical data are limited or lacking, expert elicitation can be used to supplement existing data and inform model parameter estimates. The use of rigorous techniques for expert elicitation that account for uncertainty can improve the quality of the expert elicited values and therefore the accuracy of the projection models. One recurring challenge for summarizing expert elicited values is how to aggregate them. Here, we illustrate a process for population status assessment using a combination of expert elicitation and data from the ecological literature. We discuss the importance of considering various aggregation techniques, and illustrate this process using matrix population models for the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) to assist U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decision-makers with their Species Status Assessment. We compare estimates of population growth using data from the ecological literature and four alternative aggregation techniques for the expert-elicited values. The estimate of population growth rate based on estimates from the literature (λmean = 0.952, 95% CI: 0.87-1.01) could not be used to unequivocally reject the hypotheses of a rapidly declining population nor the hypothesis of a stable, or even slightly growing population, whereas our results for the expert-elicited estimates supported the hypothesis that the wood turtle population will decline over time. Our results showed that the aggregation techniques used had an impact on model estimates, suggesting that the choice of techniques should be carefully considered. We discuss the benefits and limitations associated with each method and their relevance to the population status assessment. We note a difference in the temporal scope or inference between the literature-based estimates that provided insights about historical changes, whereas the expert-based estimates were forward looking. Therefore, conducting an expert-elicitation in addition to using parameter estimates from the literature improved our understanding of our species of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Moore
- Moore Ecological Analysis and Management, LLC, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Julien Martin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hardin Waddle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Research Center (formerly the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Jill Fleming
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Research Center (formerly the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Eve Bohnett
- University of Florida, Department of Landscape Architecture, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas S B Akre
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Donald J Brown
- School of Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Northern Research Station, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Parsons, WV, 26287, USA
| | - Michael T Jones
- Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, 1 Rabbit Hill Road, Westborough, MA, 01581, USA
| | - Jessica R Meck
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Kevin Oxenrider
- West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, 1 Depot St, Romney, WV, 26757, USA
| | - Anthony Tur
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 300 Westgate Center, Hadley, MA, 01035, USA
| | - Lisabeth L Willey
- Antioch University New England, Dept. of Environmental Studies, 40 Avon St, Keene, NH, 03431, USA
| | - Fred Johnson
- University of Florida, Dept of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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Smalling KL, Mosher BA, Iwanowicz LR, Loftin KA, Boehlke A, Hladik ML, Muletz-Wolz CR, Córtes-Rodríguez N, Femmer R, Campbell Grant EH. Site- and Individual-Level Contaminations Affect Infection Prevalence of an Emerging Infectious Disease of Amphibians. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:781-791. [PMID: 35040181 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious disease outbreaks are one of multiple stressors responsible for amphibian declines globally. In the northeastern United States, ranaviral diseases are prevalent in amphibians and other ectothermic species, but there is still uncertainty as to whether their presence is leading to population-level effects. Further, there is also uncertainty surrounding the potential interactions among disease infection prevalence in free-ranging animals and habitat degradation (co-occurrence of chemical stressors). The present study was designed to provide field-based estimates of the relationship between amphibian disease and chemical stressors. We visited 40 wetlands across three protected areas, estimated the prevalence of ranavirus among populations of larval wood frogs and spotted salamanders, and assessed chemical and biological stressors in wetland habitats and larval amphibians using a suite of selected bioassays, screening tools, and chemical analyses. Ranavirus was detected on larval amphibians from each protected area with an estimated occupancy ranging from 0.27 to 0.55. Considerable variation in ranavirus occupancy was also observed within and among each protected area. Of the stressors evaluated, ranavirus prevalence was strongly and positively related to concentrations of metalloestrogens (metals with the potential to bind to estrogen receptors) and total metals in wetland sediments and weakly and negatively related to total pesticide concentrations in larval amphibians. These results can be used by land managers to refine habitat assessments to include such environmental factors with the potential to influence disease susceptibility. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:781-791. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Smalling
- New Jersey Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brittany A Mosher
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- Eastern Ecological Science Center at Leetown, US Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Keith A Loftin
- Kansas Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Adam Boehlke
- Geology, Geochemistry and Geophysics Science Center, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- California Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Carly R Muletz-Wolz
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nandadevi Córtes-Rodríguez
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Robin Femmer
- Kansas Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, US Geological Survey, Turner Falls, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Muñoz D, Miller D, Schilder R, Campbell Grant EH. Geographic variation and thermal plasticity shape salamander metabolic rates under current and future climates. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8433. [PMID: 35136543 PMCID: PMC8809431 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicted changes in global temperature are expected to increase extinction risk for ectotherms, primarily through increased metabolic rates. Higher metabolic rates generate increased maintenance energy costs which are a major component of energy budgets. Organisms often employ plastic or evolutionary (e.g., local adaptation) mechanisms to optimize metabolic rate with respect to their environment. We examined relationships between temperature and standard metabolic rate across four populations of a widespread amphibian species to determine if populations vary in metabolic response and if their metabolic rates are plastic to seasonal thermal cues. Populations from warmer climates lowered metabolic rates when acclimating to summer temperatures as compared to spring temperatures. This may act as an energy saving mechanism during the warmest time of the year. No such plasticity was evident in populations from cooler climates. Both juvenile and adult salamanders exhibited metabolic plasticity. Although some populations responded to historic climate thermal cues, no populations showed plastic metabolic rate responses to future climate temperatures, indicating there are constraints on plastic responses. We postulate that impacts of warming will likely impact the energy budgets of salamanders, potentially affecting key demographic rates, such as individual growth and investment in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Muñoz
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rudolf Schilder
- Department of EntomologyDepartment of BiologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- US Geological SurveyPatuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research LabTurners FallsMassachusettsUSA
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14
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Smalling KL, Oja EB, Cleveland DM, Davenport JM, Eagles-Smith C, Campbell Grant EH, Kleeman PM, Halstead BJ, Stemp KM, Tornabene BJ, Bunnell ZJ, Hossack BR. Metal accumulation varies with life history, size, and development of larval amphibians. Environ Pollut 2021; 287:117638. [PMID: 34426379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian larvae are commonly used as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health because they are susceptible to contaminants. However, there is limited information on how species characteristics and trophic position influence contaminant loads in larval amphibians. Importantly, there remains a need to understand whether grazers (frogs and toads [anurans]) and predators (salamanders) provide comparable information on contaminant accumulation or if they are each indicative of unique environmental processes and risks. To better understand the role of trophic position in contaminant accumulation, we analyzed composite tissues for 10 metals from larvae of multiple co-occurring anuran and salamander species from 20 wetlands across the United States. We examined how metal concentrations varied with body size (anurans and salamanders) and developmental stage (anurans) and how the digestive tract (gut) influenced observed metal concentrations. Across all wetlands, metal concentrations were greater in anurans than salamanders for all metals tested except mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). Concentrations of individual metals in anurans decreased with increasing weight and developmental stage. In salamanders, metal concentrations were less correlated with weight, indicating diet played a role in contaminant accumulation. Based on batches of similarly sized whole-body larvae compared to larvae with their digestive tracts removed, our results indicated that tissue type strongly affected perceived concentrations, especially for anurans (gut represented an estimated 46-97% of all metals except Se and Zn). This suggests the reliability of results based on whole-body sampling could be biased by metal, larval size, and development. Overall, our data shows that metal concentrations differs between anurans and salamanders, which suggests that metal accumulation is unique to feeding behavior and potentially trophic position. To truly characterize exposure risk in wetlands, species of different life histories, sizes and developmental stages should be included in biomonitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Smalling
- US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA.
| | - Emily B Oja
- US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Danielle M Cleveland
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Jon M Davenport
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Collin Eagles-Smith
- US Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turner Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Patrick M Kleeman
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Field Station, Point Reyes Station, CA, 94956, USA
| | - Brian J Halstead
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - Kenzi M Stemp
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Brian J Tornabene
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Zachary J Bunnell
- US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Blake R Hossack
- US Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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15
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Fleming J, Grant EHC, Sterrett SC, Sutherland C. Experimental evaluation of spatial capture-recapture study design. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02419. [PMID: 34278637 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A principal challenge impeding strong inference in analyses of wild populations is the lack of robust and long-term data sets. Recent advancements in analytical tools used in wildlife science may increase our ability to integrate smaller data sets and enhance the statistical power of population estimates. One such advancement, the development of spatial capture-recapture (SCR) methods, explicitly accounts for differences in spatial study designs, making it possible to equate multiple study designs in one analysis. SCR has been shown to be robust to variation in design as long as minimal sampling guidance is adhered to. However, these expectations are based on simulation and have yet to be evaluated in wild populations. Here we conduct a rigorously designed field experiment by manipulating the arrangement of artificial cover objects (ACOs) used to collect data on red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) to empirically evaluate the effects of design configuration on inference made using SCR. Our results suggest that, using SCR, estimates of space use and detectability are sensitive to study design configuration, namely the spacing and extent of the array, and that caution is warranted when assigning biological interpretation to these parameters. However, estimates of population density remain robust to design except when the configuration of detectors grossly violates existing recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Fleming
- USGS Eastern Ecological Science Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, Massachusetts, 01376, USA
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- USGS Eastern Ecological Science Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, Massachusetts, 01376, USA
| | - Sean C Sterrett
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, New Jersey, 07764, USA
| | - Chris Sutherland
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
- Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, Buchanan Gardens, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9LZ, United Kingdom
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16
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Bernard RF, Grant EHC. Rapid Assessment Indicates Context‐Dependent Mitigation for Amphibian Disease Risk. WILDLIFE SOC B 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riley F. Bernard
- Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- United States Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Fleming
- U.S. Gelogical Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
| | - Chris Sutherland
- Dept of Environmental Conservation, Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
| | | | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Gelogical Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
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18
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Eagles-Smith CA, Willacker JJ, Nelson SJ, Flanagan Pritz CM, Krabbenhoft DP, Chen CY, Ackerman JT, Grant EHC, Pilliod DS. A National-Scale Assessment of Mercury Bioaccumulation in United States National Parks Using Dragonfly Larvae As Biosentinels through a Citizen-Science Framework. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:8779-8790. [PMID: 32633494 PMCID: PMC7790342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a national-scale assessment of mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems, using dragonfly larvae as biosentinels, by developing a citizen-science network to facilitate biological sampling. Implementing a carefully designed sampling methodology for citizen scientists, we developed an effective framework for a landscape-level inquiry that might otherwise be resource limited. We assessed the variation in dragonfly Hg concentrations across >450 sites spanning 100 United States National Park Service units and examined intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with the variation in Hg concentrations. Mercury concentrations ranged between 10.4 and 1411 ng/g dry weight across sites and varied among habitat types. Dragonfly total Hg (THg) concentrations were up to 1.8-fold higher in lotic habitats than in lentic habitats and 37% higher in waterbodies with abundant wetlands along their margins than those without wetlands. Mercury concentrations in dragonflies differed among families but were correlated (r2 > 0.80) with each other, enabling adjustment to a consistent family to facilitate spatial comparisons among sampling units. Dragonfly THg concentrations were positively correlated with THg concentrations in both fish and amphibians from the same locations, indicating that dragonfly larvae are effective indicators of Hg bioavailability in aquatic food webs. We used these relationships to develop an integrated impairment index of Hg risk to aquatic ecosytems and found that 12% of site-years exceeded high or severe benchmarks of fish, wildlife, or human health risk. Collectively, this continental-scale study demonstrates the utility of dragonfly larvae for estimating the potential mercury risk to fish and wildlife in aquatic ecosystems and provides a framework for engaging citizen science as a component of landscape Hg monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin A. Eagles-Smith
- United
States Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, United States
| | - James J. Willacker
- United
States Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, United States
| | - Sarah J. Nelson
- School
of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
- Appalachian
Mountain Club, Gorham, New Hampshire 03581, United States
| | - Colleen M. Flanagan Pritz
- National
Park Service, Air Resources Division,
National Resource, Stewardship and Science Directorate, Lakewood, Colorado 80228, United States
| | - David P. Krabbenhoft
- United
States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water
Science Center, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, United States
| | - Celia Y. Chen
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Joshua T. Ackerman
- United
States Geological Survey, Western Ecological
Research Center, Dixon, California 95620, United States
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- United
States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife
Research Center, Turners Falls, Massachussetts 01376, United States
| | - David S. Pilliod
- United
States Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland
Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, Idaho 83706, United States
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19
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A.W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Erin Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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20
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Bernard RF, Evans J, Fuller NW, Reichard JD, Coleman JTH, Kocer CJ, Campbell Grant EH. Different management strategies are optimal for combating disease in East Texas cave versus culvert hibernating bat populations. Conservat Sci and Prac 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riley F. Bernard
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory Turners Falls Massachusetts
| | - Jonah Evans
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Boerne Texas
| | - Nathan W. Fuller
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas
| | | | | | | | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory Turners Falls Massachusetts
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21
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Mulder KP, Cortes‐Rodriguez N, Campbell Grant EH, Brand A, Fleischer RC. North-facing slopes and elevation shape asymmetric genetic structure in the range-restricted salamander Plethodon shenandoah. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5094-5105. [PMID: 31110664 PMCID: PMC6509443 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Species with narrow environmental tolerances are often distributed within fragmented patches of suitable habitat, and dispersal among these subpopulations can be difficult to directly observe. Genetic data can help quantify gene flow between localities, which is especially important for vulnerable species with a disjunct range. The Shenandoah salamander (Plethodon shenandoah) is a federally endangered species known only from three mountaintops in Virginia, USA. To reconstruct the evolutionary history and population connectivity of this species, we generated both mitochondrial and nuclear data using sequence capture from individuals collected across all three mountaintops. Applying population and landscape genetic methods, we found strong population structure that was independent of geographic distance. Both the nuclear markers and mitochondrial genomes indicated a deep split between the most southern population and the genetically similar central and northern populations. Although there was some mitochondrial haplotype-splitting between the central and northern populations, there was admixture in nuclear markers. This is indicative of either a recent split or current male-biased dispersal among mountain isolates. Models of landscape resistance found that dispersal across north-facing slopes at mid-elevation levels best explain the observed genetic structure among populations. These unexpected results highlight the importance of incorporating landscape features in understanding and predicting the movement and fragmentation of this range-restricted salamander species across space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P. Mulder
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological ParkSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesCIBIO/InBIOVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de BiologiaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Nandadevi Cortes‐Rodriguez
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological ParkSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- Department of BiologyIthaca CollegeIthacaNew York
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research LabTurners FallsMassachusetts
| | - Adrianne Brand
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterSO Conte Anadromous Fish Research LabTurners FallsMassachusetts
| | - Robert C. Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, National Zoological ParkSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
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22
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Sterrett SC, Katz RA, Fields WR, Campbell Grant EH. The contribution of road‐based citizen science to the conservation of pond‐breeding amphibians. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Sterrett
- United States Geological SurveyPatuxent Wildlife Research Center Turners Falls Massachusetts
| | - Rachel A. Katz
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceNational Wildlife Refuge System Hadley Massachusetts
| | - William R. Fields
- United States Geological SurveyPatuxent Wildlife Research Center Turners Falls Massachusetts
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- United States Geological SurveyPatuxent Wildlife Research Center Turners Falls Massachusetts
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23
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DiRenzo GV, Che‐Castaldo C, Saunders SP, Campbell Grant EH, Zipkin EF. Disease-structured N-mixture models: A practical guide to model disease dynamics using count data. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:899-909. [PMID: 30766679 PMCID: PMC6362444 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obtaining inferences on disease dynamics (e.g., host population size, pathogen prevalence, transmission rate, host survival probability) typically requires marking and tracking individuals over time. While multistate mark-recapture models can produce high-quality inference, these techniques are difficult to employ at large spatial and long temporal scales or in small remnant host populations decimated by virulent pathogens, where low recapture rates may preclude the use of mark-recapture techniques. Recently developed N-mixture models offer a statistical framework for estimating wildlife disease dynamics from count data. N-mixture models are a type of state-space model in which observation error is attributed to failing to detect some individuals when they are present (i.e., false negatives). The analysis approach uses repeated surveys of sites over a period of population closure to estimate detection probability. We review the challenges of modeling disease dynamics and describe how N-mixture models can be used to estimate common metrics, including pathogen prevalence, transmission, and recovery rates while accounting for imperfect host and pathogen detection. We also offer a perspective on future research directions at the intersection of quantitative and disease ecology, including the estimation of false positives in pathogen presence, spatially explicit disease-structured N-mixture models, and the integration of other data types with count data to inform disease dynamics. Managers rely on accurate and precise estimates of disease dynamics to develop strategies to mitigate pathogen impacts on host populations. At a time when pathogens pose one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, statistical methods that lead to robust inferences on host populations are critically needed for rapid, rather than incremental, assessments of the impacts of emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella V. DiRenzo
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | | | - Sarah P. Saunders
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- National Audubon SocietyEast LansingMichigan
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Lab, Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterU.S. Geological SurveyTurners FallsMassachusetts
| | - Elise F. Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Natural ScienceMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
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24
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DiRenzo GV, Zipkin EF, Grant EHC, Royle JA, Longo AV, Zamudio KR, Lips KR. Eco-evolutionary rescue promotes host-pathogen coexistence. Ecol Appl 2018; 28:1948-1962. [PMID: 30368999 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious pathogens are responsible for some of the most severe host mass mortality events in wild populations. Yet, effective pathogen control strategies are notoriously difficult to identify, in part because quantifying and forecasting pathogen spread and disease dynamics is challenging. Following an outbreak, hosts must cope with the presence of the pathogen, leading to host-pathogen coexistence or extirpation. Despite decades of research, little is known about host-pathogen coexistence post-outbreak when low host abundances and cryptic species make these interactions difficult to study. Using a novel disease-structured N-mixture model, we evaluate empirical support for three host-pathogen coexistence hypotheses (source-sink, eco-evolutionary rescue, and spatial variation in pathogen transmission) in a Neotropical amphibian community decimated by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in 2004. During 2010-2014, we surveyed amphibians in Parque Nacional G. D. Omar Torríjos Herrera, Coclé Province, El Copé, Panama. We found that the primary driver of host-pathogen coexistence was eco-evolutionary rescue, as evidenced by similar amphibian survival and recruitment rates between infected and uninfected hosts. Average apparent monthly survival rates of uninfected and infected hosts were both close to 96%, and the expected number of uninfected and infected hosts recruited (via immigration/reproduction) was less than one host per disease state per 20-m site. The secondary driver of host-pathogen coexistence was spatial variation in pathogen transmission as we found that transmission was highest in areas of low abundance but there was no support for the source-sink hypothesis. Our results indicate that changes in the host community (i.e., through genetic or species composition) can reduce the impacts of emerging infectious disease post-outbreak. Our disease-structured N-mixture model represents a valuable advancement for conservation managers trying to understand underlying host-pathogen interactions and provides new opportunities to study disease dynamics in remnant host populations decimated by virulent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella V DiRenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20744, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Elise F Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Lab, Turners Falls, Massachusetts, 01376, USA
| | - J Andrew Royle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, 20708-4017, USA
| | - Ana V Longo
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20744, USA
| | - Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14583, USA
| | - Karen R Lips
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20744, USA
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25
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Miller DAW, Grant EHC, Muths E, Amburgey SM, Adams MJ, Joseph MB, Waddle JH, Johnson PTJ, Ryan ME, Schmidt BR, Calhoun DL, Davis CL, Fisher RN, Green DM, Hossack BR, Rittenhouse TAG, Walls SC, Bailey LL, Cruickshank SS, Fellers GM, Gorman TA, Haas CA, Hughson W, Pilliod DS, Price SJ, Ray AM, Sadinski W, Saenz D, Barichivich WJ, Brand A, Brehme CS, Dagit R, Delaney KS, Glorioso BM, Kats LB, Kleeman PM, Pearl CA, Rochester CJ, Riley SPD, Roth M, Sigafus BH. Quantifying climate sensitivity and climate-driven change in North American amphibian communities. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3926. [PMID: 30254220 PMCID: PMC6156563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing climate will impact species' ranges only when environmental variability directly impacts the demography of local populations. However, measurement of demographic responses to climate change has largely been limited to single species and locations. Here we show that amphibian communities are responsive to climatic variability, using >500,000 time-series observations for 81 species across 86 North American study areas. The effect of climate on local colonization and persistence probabilities varies among eco-regions and depends on local climate, species life-histories, and taxonomic classification. We found that local species richness is most sensitive to changes in water availability during breeding and changes in winter conditions. Based on the relationships we measure, recent changes in climate cannot explain why local species richness of North American amphibians has rapidly declined. However, changing climate does explain why some populations are declining faster than others. Our results provide important insights into how amphibians respond to climate and a general framework for measuring climate impacts on species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA.
| | - Erin Muths
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Staci M Amburgey
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Maxwell B Joseph
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - J Hardin Waddle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Pieter T J Johnson
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Maureen E Ryan
- School of Environment and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Conservation Science Partners, Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Benedikt R Schmidt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
- Info Fauna Karch, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel L Calhoun
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, Norcross, GA, 30093, USA
| | - Courtney L Davis
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Robert N Fisher
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - David M Green
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - Tracy A G Rittenhouse
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Susan C Walls
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Larissa L Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Sam S Cruickshank
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Gary M Fellers
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, CA, 94956, USA
| | - Thomas A Gorman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carola A Haas
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - David S Pilliod
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Boise, ID, 83706, USA
| | - Steven J Price
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Andrew M Ray
- Greater Yellowstone Network, National Park Service, Bozeman, MT, 59715, USA
| | - Walt Sadinski
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Daniel Saenz
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Southern Research Station, Forest Service, Nacogdoches, TX, 75965, USA
| | - William J Barichivich
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL, 32653, USA
| | - Adrianne Brand
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Cheryl S Brehme
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Rosi Dagit
- Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains, Topanga, CA, 90290, USA
| | - Katy S Delaney
- National Park Service-Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA
| | - Brad M Glorioso
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA
| | - Lee B Kats
- Natural Sciences Division, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA
| | - Patrick M Kleeman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Point Reyes Station, CA, 94956, USA
| | - Christopher A Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carlton J Rochester
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
| | - Seth P D Riley
- National Park Service-Santa Monica Mountains Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91360, USA
| | - Mark Roth
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI, 54603, USA
| | - Brent H Sigafus
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
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Grant EHC, Brand AB, De Wekker SFJ, Lee TR, Wofford JEB. Evidence that climate sets the lower elevation range limit in a high-elevation endemic salamander. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7553-7562. [PMID: 30151170 PMCID: PMC6106161 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A frequent assumption in ecology is that biotic interactions are more important than abiotic factors in determining lower elevational range limits (i.e., the "warm edge" of a species distribution). However, for species with narrow environmental tolerances, theory suggests the presence of a strong environmental gradient can lead to persistence, even in the presence of competition. The relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors is rarely considered together, although understanding when one exerts a dominant influence on controlling range limits may be crucial to predicting extinction risk under future climate conditions. We sampled multiple transects spanning the elevational range limit of Plethodon shenandoah and site and climate covariates were recorded. A two-species conditional occupancy model, accommodating heterogeneity in detection probability, was used to relate variation in occupancy with environmental and habitat conditions. Regional climate data were combined with datalogger observations to estimate the cloud base heights and to project future climate change impacts on cloud elevations across the survey area. By simultaneously accounting for species' interactions and habitat variables, we find that elevation, not competition, is strongly correlated with the lower elevation range boundary, which had been presumed to be restricted mainly as a result of competitive interactions with a congener. Because the lower elevational range limit is sensitive to climate variables, projected climate change across its high-elevation habitats will directly affect the species' distribution. Testing assumptions of factors that set species range limits should use models which accommodate detection biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H. Campbell Grant
- SO Conte Anadromous Fish LaboratoryUSGS Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterTurners FallsMassachusetts
| | - Adrianne B. Brand
- SO Conte Anadromous Fish LaboratoryUSGS Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterTurners FallsMassachusetts
| | | | - Temple R. Lee
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
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Chambert T, Grant EHC, Miller DAW, Nichols JD, Mulder KP, Brand AB. Two‐species occupancy modelling accounting for species misidentification and non‐detection. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Chambert
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementPennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
- Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterUnited States Geological Survey Laurel MD USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish LaboratoryPatuxent Wildlife Research CenterUnited States Geological Survey Turners Falls MA USA
| | - David A. W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementPennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - James D. Nichols
- Patuxent Wildlife Research CenterUnited States Geological Survey Laurel MD USA
| | - Kevin P. Mulder
- Center for Conservation GenomicsSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological Park Washington DC USA
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic ResourcesCIBIO/InBIO Vairão Portugal
| | - Adrianne B. Brand
- S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish LaboratoryPatuxent Wildlife Research CenterUnited States Geological Survey Turners Falls MA USA
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28
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Canessa S, Bozzuto C, Campbell Grant EH, Cruickshank SS, Fisher MC, Koella JC, Lötters S, Martel A, Pasmans F, Scheele BC, Spitzen-van der Sluijs A, Steinfartz S, Schmidt BR. Decision-making for mitigating wildlife diseases: From theory to practice for an emerging fungal pathogen of amphibians. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Canessa
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | | | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- United States Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory; Turners Falls MA USA
| | - Sam S. Cruickshank
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthew C. Fisher
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology; School of Public Health; Imperial College, London; St Mary's Hospital; London UK
| | - Jacob C. Koella
- Laboratoire d’Écologie et d’Épidémiologie Parasitaire; Institut de Biologie; Université de Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lötters
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; Trier Germany
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Ben C. Scheele
- Fenner School of Environment and Society; Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | | | | | - Benedikt R. Schmidt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Info Fauna Karch; Neuchâtel Switzerland
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29
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Amburgey SM, Miller DAW, Campbell Grant EH, Rittenhouse TAG, Benard MF, Richardson JL, Urban MC, Hughson W, Brand AB, Davis CJ, Hardin CR, Paton PWC, Raithel CJ, Relyea RA, Scott AF, Skelly DK, Skidds DE, Smith CK, Werner EE. Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among-population demographic responses to climatic variation. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:439-454. [PMID: 28833972 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Species' distributions will respond to climate change based on the relationship between local demographic processes and climate and how this relationship varies based on range position. A rarely tested demographic prediction is that populations at the extremes of a species' climate envelope (e.g., populations in areas with the highest mean annual temperature) will be most sensitive to local shifts in climate (i.e., warming). We tested this prediction using a dynamic species distribution model linking demographic rates to variation in temperature and precipitation for wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in North America. Using long-term monitoring data from 746 populations in 27 study areas, we determined how climatic variation affected population growth rates and how these relationships varied with respect to long-term climate. Some models supported the predicted pattern, with negative effects of extreme summer temperatures in hotter areas and positive effects on recruitment for summer water availability in drier areas. We also found evidence of interacting temperature and precipitation influencing population size, such as extreme heat having less of a negative effect in wetter areas. Other results were contrary to predictions, such as positive effects of summer water availability in wetter parts of the range and positive responses to winter warming especially in milder areas. In general, we found wood frogs were more sensitive to changes in temperature or temperature interacting with precipitation than to changes in precipitation alone. Our results suggest that sensitivity to changes in climate cannot be predicted simply by knowing locations within the species' climate envelope. Many climate processes did not affect population growth rates in the predicted direction based on range position. Processes such as species-interactions, local adaptation, and interactions with the physical landscape likely affect the responses we observed. Our work highlights the need to measure demographic responses to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci M Amburgey
- Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Tracy A G Rittenhouse
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael F Benard
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Adrianne B Brand
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carmen R Hardin
- Forestry Division, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter W C Paton
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Christopher J Raithel
- Division of Fish and Wildlife, Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, West Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Rick A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - A Floyd Scott
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN, USA
| | - David K Skelly
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis E Skidds
- Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, National Parks Service, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Charles K Smith
- Department of Biology, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Earl E Werner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Mulder KP, Cortazar-Chinarro M, Harris DJ, Crottini A, Campbell Grant EH, Fleischer RC, Savage AE. Evolutionary dynamics of an expressed MHC class IIβ locus in the Ranidae (Anura) uncovered by genome walking and high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 76:177-188. [PMID: 28587861 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a genomic region encoding immune loci that are important and frequently used markers in studies of adaptive genetic variation and disease resistance. Given the primary role of infectious diseases in contributing to global amphibian declines, we characterized the hypervariable exon 2 and flanking introns of the MHC Class IIβ chain for 17 species of frogs in the Ranidae, a speciose and cosmopolitan family facing widespread pathogen infections and declines. We find high levels of genetic variation concentrated in the Peptide Binding Region (PBR) of the exon. Ten codons are under positive selection, nine of which are located in the mammal-defined PBR. We hypothesize that the tenth codon (residue 21) is an amphibian-specific PBR site that may be important in disease resistance. Trans-species and trans-generic polymorphisms are evident from exon-based genealogies, and co-phylogenetic analyses between intron, exon and mitochondrial based reconstructions reveal incongruent topologies, likely due to different locus histories. We developed two sets of barcoded adapters that reliably amplify a single and likely functional locus in all screened species using both 454 and Illumina based sequencing methods. These primers provide a resource for multiplexing and directly sequencing hundreds of samples in a single sequencing run, avoiding the labour and chimeric sequences associated with cloning, and enabling MHC population genetic analyses. Although the primers are currently limited to the 17 species we tested, these sequences and protocols provide a useful genetic resource and can serve as a starting point for future disease, adaptation and conservation studies across a range of anuran taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Mulder
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA; CIBIO/InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Maria Cortazar-Chinarro
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D James Harris
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Lab, 1 Migratory Way, Turner Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Anna E Savage
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA; Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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DiRenzo GV, Campbell Grant EH, Longo AV, Che‐Castaldo C, Zamudio KR, Lips KR. Imperfect pathogen detection from non‐invasive skin swabs biases disease inference. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Lab Turners Falls MA USA
| | - Ana V. Longo
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | | | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Karen R. Lips
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
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Muletz Wolz CR, Yarwood SA, Campbell Grant EH, Fleischer RC, Lips KR. Effects of host species and environment on the skin microbiome of Plethodontid salamanders. J Anim Ecol 2017; 87:341-353. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carly R. Muletz Wolz
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland; College Park MD USA
- Center for Conservation Genomics; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; National Zoological Park; Washington DC USA
| | - Stephanie A. Yarwood
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology; University of Maryland; College Park MD USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory; United States Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; Turners Falls MA USA
| | - Robert C. Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; National Zoological Park; Washington DC USA
| | - Karen R. Lips
- Department of Biology; University of Maryland; College Park MD USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne B. Brand
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
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Zipkin EF, Rossman S, Yackulic CB, Wiens JD, Thorson JT, Davis RJ, Grant EHC. Integrating count and detection-nondetection data to model population dynamics. Ecology 2017; 98:1640-1650. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise F. Zipkin
- Department of Integrative Biology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
| | - Sam Rossman
- Department of Integrative Biology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA
- Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute; Melbourne Beach Florida 32951 USA
| | - Charles B. Yackulic
- Southwest Biological Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey; Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
| | - J. David Wiens
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center; U.S. Geological Survey; Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - James T. Thorson
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Seattle Washington 98112 USA
| | - Raymond J. Davis
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region; 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center; 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls Washington 01376 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Fields
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center Turners Falls Massachusetts 01376 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center Turners Falls Massachusetts 01376 USA
| | - Winsor H. Lowe
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
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Muñoz DJ, Miller Hesed K, Campbell Grant EH, Miller DAW. Evaluating within-population variability in behavior and demography for the adaptive potential of a dispersal-limited species to climate change. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8740-8755. [PMID: 28035265 PMCID: PMC5192747 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple pathways exist for species to respond to changing climates. However, responses of dispersal‐limited species will be more strongly tied to ability to adapt within existing populations as rates of environmental change will likely exceed movement rates. Here, we assess adaptive capacity in Plethodon cinereus, a dispersal‐limited woodland salamander. We quantify plasticity in behavior and variation in demography to observed variation in environmental variables over a 5‐year period. We found strong evidence that temperature and rainfall influence P. cinereus surface presence, indicating changes in climate are likely to affect seasonal activity patterns. We also found that warmer summer temperatures reduced individual growth rates into the autumn, which is likely to have negative demographic consequences. Reduced growth rates may delay reproductive maturity and lead to reductions in size‐specific fecundity, potentially reducing population‐level persistence. To better understand within‐population variability in responses, we examined differences between two common color morphs. Previous evidence suggests that the color polymorphism may be linked to physiological differences in heat and moisture tolerance. We found only moderate support for morph‐specific differences for the relationship between individual growth and temperature. Measuring environmental sensitivity to climatic variability is the first step in predicting species' responses to climate change. Our results suggest phenological shifts and changes in growth rates are likely responses under scenarios where further warming occurs, and we discuss possible adaptive strategies for resulting selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Muñoz
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Kyle Miller Hesed
- Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD USA; Present address: Biology Program Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics Hesston College Hesston KS USA
| | | | - David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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Sutherland C, Muñoz DJ, Miller DA, Grant EHC. Spatial Capture–Recapture: A Promising Method for Analyzing Data Collected Using Artificial Cover Objects. HERPETOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sutherland
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - David J. Muñoz
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16827, USA
| | - David A.W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16827, USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- US Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA 01360, USA
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Ruiz‐Gutierrez V, Hooten MB, Campbell Grant EH. Uncertainty in biological monitoring: a framework for data collection and analysis to account for multiple sources of sampling bias. Methods Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ruiz‐Gutierrez
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology 109 Wagar Building, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology 109 Wagar Building, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit 201 Wagar Building, U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory One Migratory Way, U.S. Geological Survey Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
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Richgels KLD, Russell RE, Adams MJ, White CL, Grant EHC. Spatial variation in risk and consequence of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans introduction in the USA. R Soc Open Sci 2016; 3:150616. [PMID: 26998331 PMCID: PMC4785982 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A newly identified fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans(Bsal), is responsible for mass mortality events and severe population declines in European salamanders. The eastern USA has the highest diversity of salamanders in the world and the introduction of this pathogen is likely to be devastating. Although data are inevitably limited for new pathogens, disease-risk assessments use best available data to inform management decisions. Using characteristics of Bsalecology, spatial data on imports and pet trade establishments, and salamander species diversity, we identify high-risk areas with both a high likelihood of introduction and severe consequences for local salamanders. We predict that the Pacific coast, southern Appalachian Mountains and mid-Atlantic regions will have the highest relative risk from Bsal. Management of invasive pathogens becomes difficult once they are established in wildlife populations; therefore, import restrictions to limit pathogen introduction and early detection through surveillance of high-risk areas are priorities for preventing the next crisis for North American salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L. D. Richgels
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Author for correspondence: Katherine L. D. Richgels e-mail:
| | - Robin E. Russell
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- US Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - C. LeAnn White
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turner Falls, MA 01376, USA
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40
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Sutherland C, Muñoz DJ, Miller DAW, Grant EHC. Spatial Capture-Recapture: a Promising Method for Analyzing Data Collected Using Artificial Cover Objects. HERPETOLOGICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00027.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Miller DAW, Grant EHC. Estimating occupancy dynamics for large-scale monitoring networks: amphibian breeding occupancy across protected areas in the northeast United States. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:4735-46. [PMID: 26640655 PMCID: PMC4662335 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional monitoring strategies frequently employ a nested sampling design where a finite set of study areas from throughout a region are selected and intensive sampling occurs within a subset of sites within the individual study areas. This sampling protocol naturally lends itself to a hierarchical analysis to account for dependence among subsamples. Implementing such an analysis using a classic likelihood framework is computationally challenging when accounting for detection errors in species occurrence models. Bayesian methods offer an alternative approach for fitting models that readily allows for spatial structure to be incorporated. We demonstrate a general approach for estimating occupancy when data come from a nested sampling design. We analyzed data from a regional monitoring program of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) in vernal pools using static and dynamic occupancy models. We analyzed observations from 2004 to 2013 that were collected within 14 protected areas located throughout the northeast United States. We use the data set to estimate trends in occupancy at both the regional and individual protected area levels. We show that occupancy at the regional level was relatively stable for both species. However, substantial variation occurred among study areas, with some populations declining and some increasing for both species. In addition, When the hierarchical study design is not accounted for, one would conclude stronger support for latitudinal gradient in trends than when using our approach that accounts for the nested design. In contrast to the model that does not account for nesting, the nested model did not include an effect of latitude in the 95% credible interval. These results shed light on the range‐level population status of these pond‐breeding amphibians, and our approach provides a framework that can be used to examine drivers of local and regional occurrence dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center SO Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls Massachusetts 01360
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Miller DAW, Bailey LL, Grant EHC, McClintock BT, Weir LA, Simons TR. Performance of species occurrence estimators when basic assumptions are not met: a test using field data where true occupancy status is known. Methods Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. W. Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Larissa L. Bailey
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey – Patuxent Wildlife Research Center S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
| | - Brett T. McClintock
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center NOAA‐NMFS 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle WA 98115 USA
| | - Linda A. Weir
- U.S. Geological Survey – Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 12100 Beech Forest Rd Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Theodore R. Simons
- U.S. Geological Survey – North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Campbell Grant EH. Please don't misuse the museum: 'declines' may be statistical. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:1018-1024. [PMID: 25099437 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Detecting declines in populations at broad spatial scales takes enormous effort, and long-term data are often more sparse than is desired for estimating trends, identifying drivers for population changes, framing conservation decisions, or taking management actions. Museum records and historic data can be available at large scales across multiple decades, and are therefore an attractive source of information on the comparative status of populations. However, changes in populations may be real (e.g. in response to environmental covariates) or resulting from variation in our ability to observe the true population response (also possibly related to environmental covariates). This is a (statistical) nuisance in understanding the true status of a population. Evaluating statistical hypotheses alongside more interesting ecological ones is important in the appropriate use of museum data. Two statistical considerations are generally applicable to use of museum records: first without initial random sampling, comparison with contemporary results cannot provide inference to the entire range of a species, and second the availability of only some individuals in a population may respond to environmental changes. Changes in the availability of individuals may reduce the proportion of the population that is present and able to be counted on a given survey event, resulting in an apparent decline even when population size is stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H Campbell Grant
- USGS-Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
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Zipkin EF, Sillett TS, Grant EHC, Chandler RB, Royle JA. Inferences about population dynamics from count data using multistate models: a comparison to capture-recapture approaches. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:417-26. [PMID: 24634726 PMCID: PMC3936388 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife populations consist of individuals that contribute disproportionately to growth and viability. Understanding a population's spatial and temporal dynamics requires estimates of abundance and demographic rates that account for this heterogeneity. Estimating these quantities can be difficult, requiring years of intensive data collection. Often, this is accomplished through the capture and recapture of individual animals, which is generally only feasible at a limited number of locations. In contrast, N-mixture models allow for the estimation of abundance, and spatial variation in abundance, from count data alone. We extend recently developed multistate, open population N-mixture models, which can additionally estimate demographic rates based on an organism's life history characteristics. In our extension, we develop an approach to account for the case where not all individuals can be assigned to a state during sampling. Using only state-specific count data, we show how our model can be used to estimate local population abundance, as well as density-dependent recruitment rates and state-specific survival. We apply our model to a population of black-throated blue warblers (Setophaga caerulescens) that have been surveyed for 25 years on their breeding grounds at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. The intensive data collection efforts allow us to compare our estimates to estimates derived from capture-recapture data. Our model performed well in estimating population abundance and density-dependent rates of annual recruitment/immigration. Estimates of local carrying capacity and per capita recruitment of yearlings were consistent with those published in other studies. However, our model moderately underestimated annual survival probability of yearling and adult females and severely underestimates survival probabilities for both of these male stages. The most accurate and precise estimates will necessarily require some amount of intensive data collection efforts (such as capture-recapture). Integrated population models that combine data from both intensive and extensive sources are likely to be the most efficient approach for estimating demographic rates at large spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F Zipkin
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 12100 Beech Forest Rd., Laurel, Maryland, 20708
| | - T Scott Sillett
- Migratory Bird Center, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park MRC 5503, Washington, District of Columbia, 20013
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory Turners Falls, Massachusetts, 01376
| | - Richard B Chandler
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia Athens, Georgia
| | - J Andrew Royle
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center 12100 Beech Forest Rd., Laurel, Maryland, 20708
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Zipkin EF, Thorson JT, See K, Lynch HJ, Grant EHC, Kanno Y, Chandler RB, Letcher BH, Royle JA. Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals. Ecology 2014; 95:22-9. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1131.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Grant EHC, Zipkin EF, Nichols JD, Campbell JP. A strategy for monitoring and managing declines in an amphibian community. Conserv Biol 2013; 27:1245-1253. [PMID: 24001175 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although many taxa have declined globally, conservation actions are inherently local. Ecosystems degrade even in protected areas, and maintaining natural systems in a desired condition may require active management. Implementing management decisions under uncertainty requires a logical and transparent process to identify objectives, develop management actions, formulate system models to link actions with objectives, monitor to reduce uncertainty and identify system state (i.e., resource condition), and determine an optimal management strategy. We applied one such structured decision-making approach that incorporates these critical elements to inform management of amphibian populations in a protected area managed by the U.S. National Park Service. Climate change is expected to affect amphibian occupancy of wetlands and to increase uncertainty in management decision making. We used the tools of structured decision making to identify short-term management solutions that incorporate our current understanding of the effect of climate change on amphibians, emphasizing how management can be undertaken even with incomplete information. Estrategia para Monitorear y Manejar Disminuciones en una Comunidad de Anfibios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey, Silvio O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory, 1 Migratory Way, Turners Falls, MA, U.S.A..
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47
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Green AW, Hooten MB, Grant EHC, Bailey LL. Evaluating breeding and metamorph occupancy and vernal pool management effects for wood frogs using a hierarchical model. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Green
- Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1484 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1484 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- US Geological Survey Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit 1484 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
- Department of Statistics Colorado State University 1484 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- US Geological Survey Patuxent Wildlife Research Center S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Laboratory 1 Migratory Way Turners Falls MA 01376 USA
| | - Larissa L. Bailey
- Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Colorado State University 1484 Campus Delivery Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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48
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Kendall WL, Hines JE, Nichols JD, Grant EHC. Relaxing the closure assumption in occupancy models: staggered arrival and departure times. Ecology 2013; 94:610-7. [DOI: 10.1890/12-1720.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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49
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Yackulic CB, Chandler R, Zipkin EF, Royle JA, Nichols JD, Campbell Grant EH, Veran S. Presence-only modelling using MAXENT: when can we trust the inferences? Methods Ecol Evol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Yackulic
- U.S. Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Richard Chandler
- U.S. Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Elise F. Zipkin
- U.S. Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - J. Andrew Royle
- U.S. Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - James D. Nichols
- U.S. Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Evan H. Campbell Grant
- U.S. Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
| | - Sophie Veran
- U.S. Geological Survey; Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; 12100 Beech Forest Road Laurel MD 20708 USA
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Zipkin EF, Grant EHC, Fagan WF. Evaluating the predictive abilities of community occupancy models using AUC while accounting for imperfect detection. Ecol Appl 2012; 22:1962-1972. [PMID: 23210312 DOI: 10.1890/11-1936.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately predict patterns of species' occurrences is fundamental to the successful management of animal communities. To determine optimal management strategies, it is essential to understand species-habitat relationships and how species habitat use is related to natural or human-induced environmental changes. Using five years of monitoring data in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Maryland, USA, we developed four multispecies hierarchical models for estimating amphibian wetland use that account for imperfect detection during sampling. The models were designed to determine which factors (wetland habitat characteristics, annual trend effects, spring/summer precipitation, and previous wetland occupancy) were most important for predicting future habitat use. We used the models to make predictions about species occurrences in sampled and unsampled wetlands and evaluated model projections using additional data. Using a Bayesian approach, we calculated a posterior distribution of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) values, which allowed us to explicitly quantify the uncertainty in the quality of our predictions and to account for false negatives in the evaluation data set. We found that wetland hydroperiod (the length of time that a wetland holds water), as well as the occurrence state in the prior year, were generally the most important factors in determining occupancy. The model with habitat-only covariates predicted species occurrences well; however, knowledge of wetland use in the previous year significantly improved predictive ability at the community level and for two of 12 species/species complexes. Our results demonstrate the utility of multispecies models for understanding which factors affect species habitat use of an entire community (of species) and provide an improved methodology using AUC that is helpful for quantifying the uncertainty in model predictions while explicitly accounting for detection biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise F Zipkin
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 12100 Beech Forest Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA.
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