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Tanaka R, Kawamata K, Urashima M, Matsuda K, Izuta T, Watanabe M. Vertical gradient of needle ozone uptake within the canopy of Cryptomeria japonica. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119464. [PMID: 38908659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Leaf ozone uptake through the stomata is an important index for the ozone risk assessments on trees. Stomatal conductance (gs) and ozone concentration ([O3]), determinants of the leaf ozone uptake, are known to show vertical gradients within a tree canopy. However, less is known about the within-canopy vertical gradient of leaf ozone uptake. This study was aimed to elucidate how the vertical gradient of [O3] and gs affect needle ozone uptake within a canopy of mature Cryptomeria japonica trees in a suburban forest at Tokyo, Japan. For this purpose, a multilayer gas exchange model was applied to estimate the vertical gradient of needle gs and the accumulated ozone uptake during the study period (POD1, Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold of 1 nmol m-2 s-1). In addition, we also tested several scenarios of vertical gradient of [O3] within the canopy for sensitivity analysis. The POD1 was declined from the top to the bottom of the canopy. This tendency strongly depended on the vertical gradient of gs and was hardly affected by the changes in simulated vertical reductions of the [O3]. We further assessed the photosynthesis of sunlit needles (needles absorbing both direct and diffuse light) and shaded needles (needles only absorbing diffuse light). The photosynthesis of shaded needles in the upper half of the canopy made a great contribution to the entire canopy photosynthesis. In addition, given that their POD1 was lower than that of sunlit needles, ozone may affect sunlit and shaded needles differently. We concluded that these considerations should be incorporated into modeling of the calculation of ozone uptake for mature trees to make accurate predictions of the ozone effects on trees at the canopy scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Tanaka
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawamata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Miyu Urashima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Matsuda
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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2
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Davidson KJ, Lamour J, Rogers A, Ely KS, Li Q, McDowell NG, Pivovaroff AL, Wolfe BT, Wright SJ, Zambrano A, Serbin SP. Short-term variation in leaf-level water use efficiency in a tropical forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2069-2087. [PMID: 36527230 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The representation of stomatal regulation of transpiration and CO2 assimilation is key to forecasting terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change. Given its importance in determining the relationship between forest productivity and climate, accurate and mechanistic model representation of the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs ) and assimilation is crucial. We assess possible physiological and mechanistic controls on the estimation of the g1 (stomatal slope, inversely proportional to water use efficiency) and g0 (stomatal intercept) parameters, using diurnal gas exchange surveys and leaf-level response curves of six tropical broadleaf evergreen tree species. g1 estimated from ex situ response curves averaged 50% less than g1 estimated from survey data. While g0 and g1 varied between leaves of different phenological stages, the trend was not consistent among species. We identified a diurnal trend associated with g1 and g0 that significantly improved model projections of diurnal trends in transpiration. The accuracy of modeled gs can be improved by accounting for variation in stomatal behavior across diurnal periods, and between measurement approaches, rather than focusing on phenological variation in stomatal behavior. Additional investigation into the primary mechanisms responsible for diurnal variation in g1 will be required to account for this phenomenon in land-surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Davidson
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 490A, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, 650 Life Sciences Building, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Julien Lamour
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 490A, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 490A, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kim S Ely
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 490A, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qianyu Li
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 490A, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | | | - Brett T Wolfe
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University, Room 227, Renewable Natural Resources Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - S Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Alfonso Zambrano
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 490A, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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3
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Chen A, Mao J, Ricciuto D, Lu D, Xiao J, Li X, Thornton PE, Knapp AK. Seasonal changes in GPP/SIF ratios and their climatic determinants across the Northern Hemisphere. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5186-5197. [PMID: 34185345 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Satellite-derived sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been increasingly used for estimating gross primary production (GPP). However, the relationship between SIF and GPP has not been well defined, impeding the translation of satellite observed SIF to GPP. Previous studies have generally assumed a linear relationship between SIF and GPP at daily and longer time scales, but support for this assumption is lacking. Here, we used the GPP/SIF ratio to investigate seasonal variations in the relationship between SIF and GPP over the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Based on multiple SIF products and MODIS and FLUXCOM GPP data, we found strong seasonal hump-shaped patterns for the GPP/SIF ratio over northern latitudes, with higher values in the summer than in the spring or autumn. This hump-shaped GPP/SIF seasonal variation was confirmed by examining different SIF products and was evident for most vegetation types except evergreen broadleaf forests. The seasonal amplitude of the GPP/SIF ratio decreased from the boreal/arctic region to drylands and the tropics. For most of the NH, the lowest GPP/SIF values occurred in October or September, while the maximum GPP/SIF values were evident in June and July. The most pronounced seasonal amplitude of GPP/SIF occurred in intermediate temperature and precipitation ranges. GPP/SIF was positively related to temperature in the early and late parts of the growing season, but not during the peak growing months. These shifting relationships between temperature and GPP/SIF across different months appeared to play a key role in the seasonal dynamics of GPP/SIF. Several mechanisms may explain the patterns we observed, and future research encompassing a broad range of climate and vegetation settings is needed to improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships between SIF and GPP. Nonetheless, the strong seasonal variation in GPP/SIF we identified highlights the importance of incorporating this behavior into SIF-based GPP estimations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dan Lu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Peter E Thornton
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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4
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Gallup SM, Baker IT, Gallup JL, Restrepo‐Coupe N, Haynes KD, Geyer NM, Denning AS. Accurate Simulation of Both Sensitivity and Variability for Amazonian Photosynthesis: Is It Too Much to Ask? JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2021; 13:e2021MS002555. [PMID: 34594478 PMCID: PMC8459247 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of Amazon rainforest gross primary productivity (GPP) differ by a factor of 2 across a suite of three statistical and 18 process models. This wide spread contributes uncertainty to predictions of future climate. We compare the mean and variance of GPP from these models to that of GPP at six eddy covariance (EC) towers. Only one model's mean GPP across all sites falls within a 99% confidence interval for EC GPP, and only one model matches EC variance. The strength of model response to climate drivers is related to model ability to match the seasonal pattern of the EC GPP. Models with stronger seasonal swings in GPP have stronger responses to rain, light, and temperature than does EC GPP. The model to data comparison illustrates a trade-off inherent to deterministic models between accurate simulation of a mean (average) and accurate responsiveness to drivers. The trade-off exists because all deterministic models simplify processes and lack at least some consequential driver or interaction. If a model's sensitivities to included drivers and their interactions are accurate, then deterministically predicted outcomes have less variability than is realistic. If a GPP model has stronger responses to climate drivers than found in data, model predictions may match the observed variance and seasonal pattern but are likely to overpredict GPP response to climate change. High or realistic variability of model estimates relative to reference data indicate that the model is hypersensitive to one or more drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Gallup
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Ian T. Baker
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - John L. Gallup
- Department of EconomicsPortland State UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Natalia Restrepo‐Coupe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
| | | | - Nicholas M. Geyer
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - A. Scott Denning
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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5
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Vogado NO, Winter K, Ubierna N, Farquhar GD, Cernusak LA. Directional change in leaf dry matter δ 13C during leaf development is widespread in C3 plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:981-990. [PMID: 32577724 PMCID: PMC7596372 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The stable carbon isotope ratio of leaf dry matter (δ 13Cp) is generally a reliable recorder of intrinsic water-use efficiency in C3 plants. Here, we investigated a previously reported pattern of developmental change in leaf δ 13Cp during leaf expansion, whereby emerging leaves are initially 13C-enriched compared to mature leaves on the same plant, with their δ 13Cp decreasing during leaf expansion until they eventually take on the δ 13Cp of other mature leaves. METHODS We compiled data to test whether the difference between mature and young leaf δ 13Cp differs between temperate and tropical species, or between deciduous and evergreen species. We also tested whether the developmental change in δ 13Cp is indicative of a concomitant change in intrinsic water-use efficiency. To gain further insight, we made online measurements of 13C discrimination (∆ 13C) in young and mature leaves. KEY RESULTS We found that the δ 13Cp difference between mature and young leaves was significantly larger for deciduous than for evergreen species (-2.1 ‰ vs. -1.4 ‰, respectively). Counter to expectation based on the change in δ 13Cp, intrinsic water-use efficiency did not decrease between young and mature leaves; rather, it did the opposite. The ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentrations (ci/ca) was significantly higher in young than in mature leaves (0.86 vs. 0.72, respectively), corresponding to lower intrinsic water-use efficiency. Accordingly, instantaneous ∆ 13C was also higher in young than in mature leaves. Elevated ci/ca and ∆ 13C in young leaves resulted from a combination of low photosynthetic capacity and high day respiration rates. CONCLUSION The decline in leaf δ 13Cp during leaf expansion appears to reflect the addition of the expanding leaf's own 13C-depleted photosynthetic carbon to that imported from outside the leaf as the leaf develops. This mixing of carbon sources results in an unusual case of isotopic deception: less negative δ 13Cp in young leaves belies their low intrinsic water-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara O Vogado
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Nerea Ubierna
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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6
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Martínez Cano I, Shevliakova E, Malyshev S, Wright SJ, Detto M, Pacala SW, Muller-Landau HC. Allometric constraints and competition enable the simulation of size structure and carbon fluxes in a dynamic vegetation model of tropical forests (LM3PPA-TV). GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:4478-4494. [PMID: 32463934 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are a key determinant of the functioning of the Earth system, but remain a major source of uncertainty in carbon cycle models and climate change projections. In this study, we present an updated land model (LM3PPA-TV) to improve the representation of tropical forest structure and dynamics in Earth system models (ESMs). The development and parameterization of LM3PPA-TV drew on extensive datasets on tropical tree traits and long-term field censuses from Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. The model defines a new plant functional type (PFT) based on the characteristics of shade-tolerant, tropical tree species, implements a new growth allocation scheme based on realistic tree allometries, incorporates hydraulic constraints on biomass accumulation, and features a new compartment for tree branches and branch fall dynamics. Simulation experiments reproduced observed diurnal and seasonal patterns in stand-level carbon and water fluxes, as well as mean canopy and understory tree growth rates, tree size distributions, and stand-level biomass on BCI. Simulations at multiple sites captured considerable variation in biomass and size structure across the tropical forest biome, including observed responses to precipitation and temperature. Model experiments suggested a major role of water limitation in controlling geographic variation forest biomass and structure. However, the failure to simulate tropical forests under extreme conditions and the systematic underestimation of forest biomass in Paleotropical locations highlighted the need to incorporate variation in hydraulic traits and multiple PFTs that capture the distinct floristic composition across tropical domains. The continued pressure on tropical forests from global change demands models which are able to simulate alternative successional pathways and their pace to recovery. LM3PPA-TV provides a tool to investigate geographic variation in tropical forests and a benchmark to continue improving the representation of tropical forests dynamics and their carbon storage potential in ESMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martínez Cano
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sergey Malyshev
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Stephen W Pacala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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7
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Cernusak LA. Gas exchange and water-use efficiency in plant canopies. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22 Suppl 1:52-67. [PMID: 30428160 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, I first address the basics of gas exchange, water-use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in C3 plant canopies. I then present a case study of water-use efficiency in northern Australian tree species. In general, C3 plants face a trade-off whereby increasing stomatal conductance for a given set of conditions will result in a higher CO2 assimilation rate, but a lower photosynthetic water-use efficiency. A common garden experiment suggested that tree species which are able to establish and grow in drier parts of northern Australia have a capacity to use water rapidly when it is available through high stomatal conductance, but that they do so at the expense of low water-use efficiency. This may explain why community-level carbon isotope discrimination does not decrease as steeply with decreasing rainfall on the North Australian Tropical Transect as has been observed on some other precipitation gradients. Next, I discuss changes in water-use efficiency that take place during leaf expansion in C3 plant leaves. Leaf phenology has recently been recognised as a significant driver of canopy gas exchange in evergreen forest canopies, and leaf expansion involves changes in both photosynthetic capacity and water-use efficiency. Following this, I discuss the role of woody tissue respiration in canopy gas exchange and how photosynthetic refixation of respired CO2 can increase whole-plant water-use efficiency. Finally, I discuss the role of water-use efficiency in driving terrestrial plant responses to global change, especially the rising concentration of atmospheric CO2 . In coming decades, increases in plant water-use efficiency caused by rising CO2 are likely to partially mitigate impacts on plants of drought stress caused by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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8
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Baker IT, Denning A, Dazlich DA, Harper AB, Branson MD, Randall DA, Phillips MC, Haynes KD, Gallup SM. Surface-Atmosphere Coupling Scale, the Fate of Water, and Ecophysiological Function in a Brazilian Forest. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2019; 11:2523-2546. [PMID: 31749898 PMCID: PMC6851591 DOI: 10.1029/2019ms001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropical South America plays a central role in global climate. Bowen ratio teleconnects to circulation and precipitation processes far afield, and the global CO2 growth rate is strongly influenced by carbon cycle processes in South America. However, quantification of basin-wide seasonality of flux partitioning between latent and sensible heat, the response to anomalies around climatic norms, and understanding of the processes and mechanisms that control the carbon cycle remains elusive. Here, we investigate simulated surface-atmosphere interaction at a single site in Brazil, using models with different representations of precipitation and cloud processes, as well as differences in scale of coupling between the surface and atmosphere. We find that the model with parameterized clouds/precipitation has a tendency toward unrealistic perpetual light precipitation, while models with explicit treatment of clouds produce more intense and less frequent rain. Models that couple the surface to the atmosphere on the scale of kilometers, as opposed to tens or hundreds of kilometers, produce even more realistic distributions of rainfall. Rainfall intensity has direct consequences for the "fate of water," or the pathway that a hydrometeor follows once it interacts with the surface. We find that the model with explicit treatment of cloud processes, coupled to the surface at small scales, is the most realistic when compared to observations. These results have implications for simulations of global climate, as the use of models with explicit (as opposed to parameterized) cloud representations becomes more widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T. Baker
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - A.Scott Denning
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Don A. Dazlich
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEngland
| | - Mark D. Branson
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - David A. Randall
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Morgan C. Phillips
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | - Sarah M. Gallup
- Atmospheric Science DepartmentColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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9
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Cushman KC, Kellner JR. Prediction of forest aboveground net primary production from high-resolution vertical leaf-area profiles. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:538-546. [PMID: 30632240 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and precipitation explain about half the variation in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) among tropical forest sites, but determinants of remaining variation are poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that the amount of leaf area, and its vertical arrangement, predicts ANPP when other variables are held constant. Using measurements from airborne lidar in a lowland Neotropical rain forest, we quantify vertical leaf-area profiles and develop models of ANPP driven by leaf area and other measurements of forest structure. Vertical leaf-area profiles predict 38% of the variation among plots. This number is 4.5 times greater than models using total leaf area (disregarding vertical arrangement) and 2.1 times greater than models using canopy height alone. Furthermore, ANPP predictions from vertical leaf-area profiles were less biased than alternate metrics. Variation in ANPP not attributable to temperature or precipitation can be predicted by the vertical distribution of leaf area in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Cushman
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, 85 Waterman Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - James R Kellner
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, 85 Waterman Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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10
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Wang X, Wu J, Chen M, Xu X, Wang Z, Wang B, Wang C, Piao S, Lin W, Miao G, Deng M, Qiao C, Wang J, Xu S, Liu L. Field evidences for the positive effects of aerosols on tree growth. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4983-4992. [PMID: 29855126 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and eddy covariance studies demonstrate that aerosol-loading stimulates canopy photosynthesis, but field evidence for the aerosol effect on tree growth is limited. Here, we measured in situ daily stem growth rates of aspen trees under a wide range of aerosol-loading in China. The results showed that daily stem growth rates were positively correlated with aerosol-loading, even at exceptionally high aerosol levels. Using structural equation modeling analysis, we showed that variations in stem growth rates can be largely attributed to two environmental variables covarying with aerosol loading: diffuse fraction of radiation and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Furthermore, we found that these two factors influence stem growth by influencing photosynthesis from different parts of canopy. Using field observations and a mechanistic photosynthesis model, we demonstrate that photosynthetic rates of both sun and shade leaves increased under high aerosol-loading conditions but for different reasons. For sun leaves, the photosynthetic increase was primarily attributed to the concurrent lower VPD; for shade leaves, the positive aerosol effect was tightly connected with increased diffuse light. Overall, our study provides the first field evidence of increased tree growth under high aerosol loading. We highlight the importance of understanding biophysical mechanisms of aerosol-meteorology interactions, and incorporating the different pathways of aerosol effects into earth system models to improve the prediction of large-scale aerosol impacts, and the associated vegetation-mediated climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Maryland
| | - Xiangtao Xu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guofang Miao
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Meifeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquanlu, Beijing, China
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11
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Albert LP, Wu J, Prohaska N, de Camargo PB, Huxman TE, Tribuzy ES, Ivanov VY, Oliveira RS, Garcia S, Smith MN, Oliveira Junior RC, Restrepo-Coupe N, da Silva R, Stark SC, Martins GA, Penha DV, Saleska SR. Age-dependent leaf physiology and consequences for crown-scale carbon uptake during the dry season in an Amazon evergreen forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:870-884. [PMID: 29502356 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Satellite and tower-based metrics of forest-scale photosynthesis generally increase with dry season progression across central Amazônia, but the underlying mechanisms lack consensus. We conducted demographic surveys of leaf age composition, and measured the age dependence of leaf physiology in broadleaf canopy trees of abundant species at a central eastern Amazon site. Using a novel leaf-to-branch scaling approach, we used these data to independently test the much-debated hypothesis - arising from satellite and tower-based observations - that leaf phenology could explain the forest-scale pattern of dry season photosynthesis. Stomatal conductance and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis were higher for recently mature leaves than for old leaves. Most branches had multiple leaf age categories simultaneously present, and the number of recently mature leaves increased as the dry season progressed because old leaves were exchanged for new leaves. These findings provide the first direct field evidence that branch-scale photosynthetic capacity increases during the dry season, with a magnitude consistent with increases in ecosystem-scale photosynthetic capacity derived from flux towers. Interactions between leaf age-dependent physiology and shifting leaf age-demographic composition are sufficient to explain the dry season photosynthetic capacity pattern at this site, and should be considered in vegetation models of tropical evergreen forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren P Albert
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jin Wu
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Neill Prohaska
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Plinio Barbosa de Camargo
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Travis E Huxman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology & Center for Environmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Edgard S Tribuzy
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), CEP 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Valeriy Y Ivanov
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia
- Ciências de Florestas Tropicais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia, CEP 69.067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Marielle N Smith
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | | | - Natalia Restrepo-Coupe
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo da Silva
- Atmospheric Sciences Department & Institute of Engineering and Geosciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), CEP 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Scott C Stark
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Giordane A Martins
- Ciências de Florestas Tropicais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia, CEP 69.067-375, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Deliane V Penha
- Society, Nature and Development Department, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), CEP 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
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Impacts of Leaf Age on Canopy Spectral Signature Variation in Evergreen Chinese Fir Forests. REMOTE SENSING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/rs10020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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