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Sun PW, Chang JT, Luo MX, Liao PC. Genomic insights into local adaptation and vulnerability of Quercus longinux to climate change. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:279. [PMID: 38609850 PMCID: PMC11015620 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climate change is expected to alter the factors that drive changes in adaptive variation. This is especially true for species with long life spans and limited dispersal capabilities. Rapid climate changes may disrupt the migration of beneficial genetic variations, making it challenging for them to keep up with changing environments. Understanding adaptive genetic variations in tree species is crucial for conservation and effective forest management. Our study used landscape genomic analyses and phenotypic traits from a thorough sampling across the entire range of Quercus longinux, an oak species native to Taiwan, to investigate the signals of adaptation within this species. RESULTS Using ecological data, phenotypic traits, and 1,933 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 205 individuals, we classified three genetic groups, which were also phenotypically and ecologically divergent. Thirty-five genes related to drought and freeze resistance displayed signatures of natural selection. The adaptive variation was driven by diverse environmental pressures such as low spring precipitation, low annual temperature, and soil grid sizes. Using linear-regression-based methods, we identified isolation by environment (IBE) as the optimal model for adaptive SNPs. Redundancy analysis (RDA) further revealed a substantial joint influence of demography, geology, and environments, suggesting a covariation between environmental gradients and colonization history. Lastly, we utilized adaptive signals to estimate the genetic offset for each individual under diverse climate change scenarios. The required genetic changes and migration distance are larger in severe climates. Our prediction also reveals potential threats to edge populations in northern and southeastern Taiwan due to escalating temperatures and precipitation reallocation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the intricate influence of ecological heterogeneity on genetic and phenotypic adaptation of an oak species. The adaptation is also driven by some rarely studied environmental factors, including wind speed and soil features. Furthermore, the genetic offset analysis predicted that the edge populations of Q. longinux in lower elevations might face higher risks of local extinctions under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wei Sun
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tse Chang
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Min-Xin Luo
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88 Ting-Chow Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.
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Bernatchez L, Ferchaud AL, Berger CS, Venney CJ, Xuereb A. Genomics for monitoring and understanding species responses to global climate change. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:165-183. [PMID: 37863940 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
All life forms across the globe are experiencing drastic changes in environmental conditions as a result of global climate change. These environmental changes are happening rapidly, incur substantial socioeconomic costs, pose threats to biodiversity and diminish a species' potential to adapt to future environments. Understanding and monitoring how organisms respond to human-driven climate change is therefore a major priority for the conservation of biodiversity in a rapidly changing environment. Recent developments in genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic technologies are enabling unprecedented insights into the evolutionary processes and molecular bases of adaptation. This Review summarizes methods that apply and integrate omics tools to experimentally investigate, monitor and predict how species and communities in the wild cope with global climate change, which is by genetically adapting to new environmental conditions, through range shifts or through phenotypic plasticity. We identify advantages and limitations of each method and discuss future research avenues that would improve our understanding of species' evolutionary responses to global climate change, highlighting the need for holistic, multi-omics approaches to ecosystem monitoring during global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Laure Ferchaud
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
- Parks Canada, Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Protected Areas Establishment, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Chloé Suzanne Berger
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clare J Venney
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Xuereb
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Meger J, Ulaszewski B, Chmura DJ, Burczyk J. Signatures of local adaptation to current and future climate in phenology-related genes in natural populations of Quercus robur. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:78. [PMID: 38243199 PMCID: PMC10797717 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local adaptation is a key evolutionary process that enhances the growth of plants in their native habitat compared to non-native habitats, resulting in patterns of adaptive genetic variation across the entire geographic range of the species. The study of population adaptation to local environments and predicting their response to future climate change is important because of climate change. RESULTS Here, we explored the genetic diversity of candidate genes associated with bud burst in pedunculate oak individuals sampled from 6 populations in Poland. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity was assessed in 720 candidate genes using the sequence capture technique, yielding 18,799 SNPs. Using landscape genomic approaches, we identified 8 FST outliers and 781 unique SNPs in 389 genes associated with geography, climate, and phenotypic variables (individual/family spring and autumn phenology, family diameter at breast height (DBH), height, and survival) that are potentially involved in local adaptation. Then, using a nonlinear multivariate model, Gradient Forests, we identified vulnerable areas of the pedunculate oak distribution in Poland that are at risk from climate change. CONCLUSIONS The model revealed that pedunculate oak populations in the eastern part of the analyzed geographical region are the most sensitive to climate change. Our results might offer an initial evaluation of a potential management strategy for preserving the genetic diversity of pedunculate oak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Meger
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Ulaszewski
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel J Chmura
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Jarosław Burczyk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Wang TR, Meng HH, Wang N, Zheng SS, Jiang Y, Lin DQ, Song YG, Kozlowski G. Adaptive divergence and genetic vulnerability of relict species under climate change: a case study of Pterocarya macroptera. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:241-254. [PMID: 37409981 PMCID: PMC10583204 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Understanding adaptive genetic variation and whether it can keep pace with predicted future climate change is critical in assessing the genetic vulnerability of species and developing conservation management strategies. The lack of information on adaptive genetic variation in relict species carrying abundant genetic resources hinders the assessment of genetic vulnerability. Using a landscape genomics approach, this study aimed to determine how adaptive genetic variation shapes population divergence and to predict the adaptive potential of Pterocarya macroptera (a vulnerable relict species in China) under future climate scenarios. METHODS We applied restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to obtain 8244 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 160 individuals across 28 populations. We examined the pattern of genetic diversity and divergence, and then identified outliers by genetic differentiation (FST) and genotype-environment association (GEA) methods. We further dissected the effect of geographical/environmental gradients on genetic variation. Finally, we predicted genetic vulnerability and adaptive risk under future climate scenarios. KEY RESULTS We identified three genetic lineages within P. macroptera: the Qinling-Daba-Tianmu Mountains (QDT), Western Sichuan (WS) and Northwest Yunnan (NWY) lineages, which showed significant signals of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE). IBD and IBE explained 3.7-5.7 and 8.6-12.8 % of the genetic structure, respectively. The identified GEA SNP-related genes were involved in chemical defence and gene regulation and may exhibit higher genetic variation to adapt to the environment. Gradient forest analysis revealed that the genetic variation was mainly shaped by temperature-related variables, indicating its adaptation to local thermal environments. A limited adaptive potential was suggested by the high levels of genetic vulnerability in marginal populations. CONCLUSIONS Environmental gradient mainly shaped the population differentiation of P. macroptera. Marginal populations may be at high risk of extinction, and thus proactive management measures, such as assisted gene flow, are required to ensure the survival of these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Rui Wang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Hong-Hu Meng
- Plant Phylogenetics and Conservation Group, Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Nian Wang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018, China
| | - Si-Si Zheng
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Duo-Qing Lin
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yi-Gang Song
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Kozlowski
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
- Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum Fribourg, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
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Méndez-Cea B, García-García I, Linares JC, Gallego FJ. Warming appears as the main risk of non-adaptedness for western Mediterranean relict fir forests under expected climate change scenarios. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1155441. [PMID: 37636100 PMCID: PMC10451094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Circum-Mediterranean firs are considered among the most drought-sensitive species to climate change. Understanding the genetic basis of trees' adaptive capacity and intra-specific variability to drought avoidance is mandatory to define conservation measures, thus potentially preventing their extinction. We focus here on Abies pinsapo and Abies marocana, both relict tree species, endemic from south Spain and north Morocco, respectively. A total of 607 samples were collected from eight nuclei: six from Spanish fir and two from Moroccan fir. A genotyping by sequencing technique called double digestion restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) was performed to obtain a genetic matrix based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This matrix was utilized to study the genetic structure of A. pinsapo populations and to carry out selection signature studies. In order to understand how Spanish fir and Moroccan fir cope with climate change, genotype-environment associations (GEAs) were identified. Further, the vulnerability of these species to climate variations was estimated by the risk of non-adaptedness (RONA). The filtering of the de novo assembly of A. pinsapo provided 3,982 SNPs from 504 out of 509 trees sequenced. Principal component analysis (PCA) genetically separated Grazalema from the rest of the Spanish populations. However, FST values showed significant differences among the sampling points. We found 51 loci potentially under selection. Homolog sequences were found for some proteins related to abiotic stress response, such as dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factor, regulation of abscisic acid signaling, and methylation pathway. A total of 15 associations with 11 different loci were observed in the GEA studies, with the maximum temperature of the warmest month being the variable with the highest number of associated loci. This temperature sensitivity was also supported by the risk of non-adaptedness, which yielded a higher risk for both A. pinsapo and A. marocana under the high emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5). This study sheds light on the response to climate change of these two endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Méndez-Cea
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel García-García
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Dpto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gallego
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ramírez-Valiente JA, Solé-Medina A, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ, Ortego J. Genomic data and common garden experiments reveal climate-driven selection on ecophysiological traits in two Mediterranean oaks. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:983-999. [PMID: 36479963 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Improving our knowledge of how past climate-driven selection has acted on present-day trait population divergence is essential to understand local adaptation processes and improve our predictions of evolutionary trajectories in the face of altered selection pressures resulting from climate change. In this study, we investigated signals of selection on traits related to drought tolerance and growth rates in two Mediterranean oak species (Quercus faginea and Q. lusitanica) with contrasting distribution ranges and climatic niches. We genotyped 182 individuals from 24 natural populations of the two species using restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing and conducted a thorough functional characterization in 1602 seedlings from 21 populations cultivated in common garden experiments under contrasting watering treatments. Our genomic data revealed that both Q. faginea and Q. lusitanica have very weak population genetic structure, probably as a result of high rates of pollen-mediated gene flow among populations and large effective population sizes. In contrast, common garden experiments showed evidence of climate-driven divergent selection among populations on traits related to leaf morphology, physiology and growth in both species. Overall, our study suggests that climate is an important selective factor for Mediterranean oaks and that ecophysiological traits have evolved in drought-prone environments even in a context of very high rates of gene flow among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente
- Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Centre, CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Aida Solé-Medina
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Méndez-Cea B, García-García I, Gazol A, Camarero JJ, de Andrés EG, Colangelo M, Valeriano C, Gallego FJ, Linares JC. Weak genetic differentiation but strong climate-induced selective pressure toward the rear edge of mountain pine in north-eastern Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159778. [PMID: 36309267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Local differentiation at distribution limits may influence species' adaptive capacity to environmental changes. However, drivers, such gene flow and local selection, are still poorly understood. We focus on the role played by range limits in mountain forests to test the hypothesis that relict tree populations are subjected to genetic differentiation and local adaptation. Two alpine treelines of mountain pine (Pinus uncinata Ram. ex DC) were investigated in the Spanish Pyrenees. Further, an isolated relict population forming the species' southernmost distribution limit in north-eastern Spain was also investigated. Using genotyping by sequencing, a genetic matrix conformed by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was obtained. This matrix was used to perform genotype-environment and genotype-phenotype associations, as well as to model risk of non-adaptedness. Increasing climate seasonality appears as an essential element in the interpretation of SNPs subjected to selective pressures. Genetic differentiations were overall weak. The differences in leaf mass area and radial growth rate, as well as the identification of several SNPs subjected to selective pressures, exceeded neutral predictions of differentiation among populations. Despite genetic drift might prevail in the isolated population, the Fst values (0.060 and 0.066) showed a moderate genetic drift and Nm values (3.939 and 3.555) indicate the presence of gene flow between the relict population and both treelines. Nonetheless, the SNPs subjected to selection pressures provide evidences of possible selection in treeline ecotones. Persistence in range boundaries seems to involve several selective pressures in species' traits, which were significantly related to enhanced drought seasonality at the limit of P. uncinata distribution range. We conclude that gene flow is unlikely to constrain adaptation in the P. uncinata rear edge, although this species shows vulnerability to future climate change scenarios involving warmer and drier conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Méndez-Cea
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Isabel García-García
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza E-50059, Spain.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza E-50059, Spain.
| | | | - Michele Colangelo
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza E-50059, Spain; School of Agricultural, Forest, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | | | - Francisco Javier Gallego
- Dpto. Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad de Genética, Facultad de CC Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Linares
- Dpto. Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Nocchi G, Wang J, Yang L, Ding J, Gao Y, Buggs RJA, Wang N. Genomic signals of local adaptation and hybridization in Asian white birch. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:595-612. [PMID: 36394364 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Disentangling the numerous processes that affect patterns of genome-wide diversity in widespread tree species has important implications for taxonomy, conservation, and forestry. Here, we investigate the population genomic structure of Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla) in China and seek to explain it in terms of hybridization, demography and adaptation. We generate whole genome sequence data from 83 individuals across the species range in China. Combining this with an existing data set for 79 European and Russian white birches, we show a clear distinction between B. pendula and B. platyphylla, which have sometimes been lumped taxonomically. Genomic diversity of B. platyphylla in north-western China and Central Russia is affected greatly by hybridization with B. pendula. Excluding these hybridized populations, B. platyphylla in China has a linear distribution from north-eastern to south-western China, along the edge of the inland mountainous region. Within this distribution, three genetic clusters are found, which we model as long diverged with subsequent episodes of gene flow. Patterns of covariation between allele frequencies and environmental variables in B. platyphylla suggest the role of natural selection in the distribution of diversity at 7609 SNPs of which 3767 were significantly differentiated among the genetic clusters. The putative adaptive SNPs are distributed throughout the genome and span 1633 genic regions. Of these genic regions, 87 were previously identified as candidates for selective sweeps in Eurasian B. pendula. We use the 7609 environmentally associated SNPs to estimate the risk of nonadaptedness for each sequenced B. platyphylla individual under a scenario of future climate change, highlighting areas where populations may be under future threat from rising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Nocchi
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Yang
- Agricultural Big-Data Research Centre and College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Junyi Ding
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Agricultural Big-Data Research Centre and College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Richard J A Buggs
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Nian Wang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem Research Station of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Pina-Martins F, Caperta AD, Conceição SIR, Nunes VL, Marques I, Paulo OS. A first look at sea-lavenders genomics - can genome wide SNP information tip the scales of controversy in the Limonium vulgare species complex? BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:34. [PMID: 36642719 PMCID: PMC9841708 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea-lavenders (Limonium Mill., Plumbaginaceae) are a cosmopolitan group of diploid and polyploid plants often adapted to extreme saline environments, with a mostly Tethyan distribution, occurring in the Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, Euro-Siberian and in the New World. The halophylic Limonium vulgare polyploid complex in particular, presents a large distribution throughout extreme salt-marsh habitats and shows little morphological but high taximetric variation, frequently blurring species delimitation. In this work we pursue three main goals: assert whether SNP data from polyploid individuals has the resolution to distinguish the seven sampled species, to better understand how genetically structured Limonium vulgare is, and attempt to identify specific molecular mechanisms for the differentiation between L. maritimum and L. vulgare. For this purpose, 95 individuals were genotyped using Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS), which were assembled as two independent datasets using IPYRAD. All analyses performed downstream of assembly were fully automated. Phylogenetic inference, PCA, and admixture plots were used to infer answers to the study's main goals. RESULTS Close to 10,000 SNPs were obtained for each dataset. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that polyploid data can be used to infer species relationships. Population structure analyses suggest a genetically structured L. vulgare. A set of 34 SNPs were found to be fully segregated between L. vulgare and L. maritimum, two of which are potentially linked to proteins that might be involved in the speciation process. CONCLUSION Despite polyploid data analyses shortcomings, GBS generated SNPs have the resolution to discern all seven included species. Limonium vulgare revealed pronounced genetic structure along a geographical north-south cline. L. maritimum always appears as a distinct genetic entity. Segregated SNPs between L. vulgare and L. maritimum indicate salinity response and morphological trait control genes as potentially interesting to follow up for studying these species' divergence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pina-Martins
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana D Caperta
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia I R Conceição
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
- LASIGE Computer Science and Engineering Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera L Nunes
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Forest Research Centre (CEF) & Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octávio S Paulo
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Departamento de Biologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Gallegos C, Hodgins KA, Monro K. Climate adaptation and vulnerability of foundation species in a global change hotspot. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1990-2004. [PMID: 36645732 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering species ranges, and relative abundances within ranges, as populations become differentially adapted and vulnerable to the climates they face. Understanding present species ranges, whether species harbour and exchange adaptive variants, and how variants are distributed across landscapes undergoing rapid change, is therefore crucial to predicting responses to future climates and informing conservation strategies. Such insights are nonetheless lacking for most species of conservation concern. We assess genomic patterns of neutral variation, climate adaptation and climate vulnerability (offsets in predicted distributions of putatively adaptive variants across present and future landscapes) for sister foundation species, the marine tubeworms Galeolaria caespitosa and Galeolaria gemineoa, in a sentinel region for climate change impacts. We find that species are genetically isolated despite uncovering sympatry in their ranges, show parallel and nonparallel signals of thermal adaptation on spatial scales smaller than gene flow across their ranges, and are predicted to face different risks of maladaptation under future temperatures across their ranges. Our findings have implications for understanding local adaptation in the face of gene flow, and generate spatially explicit predictions for climatic disruption of adaptation and species distributions in coastal ecosystems that could guide experimental validation and conservation planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Gallegos
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keyne Monro
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Yuan S, Shi Y, Zhou BF, Liang YY, Chen XY, An QQ, Fan YR, Shen Z, Ingvarsson PK, Wang B. Genomic vulnerability to climate change in Quercus acutissima, a dominant tree species in East Asian deciduous forests. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1639-1655. [PMID: 36626136 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary processes that shape the landscape of genetic variation and influence the response of species to future climate change is critical for biodiversity conservation. Here, we sampled 27 populations across the distribution range of a dominant forest tree, Quercus acutissima, in East Asia, and applied genome-wide analyses to track the evolutionary history and predict the fate of populations under future climate. We found two genetic groups (East and West) in Q. acutissima that diverged during Pliocene. We also found a heterogeneous landscape of genomic variation in this species, which may have been shaped by population demography and linked selections. Using genotype-environment association analyses, we identified climate-associated SNPs in a diverse set of genes and functional categories, indicating a model of polygenic adaptation in Q. acutissima. We further estimated three genetic offset metrics to quantify genomic vulnerability of this species to climate change due to the complex interplay between local adaptation and migration. We found that marginal populations are under higher risk of local extinction because of future climate change, and may not be able to track suitable habitats to maintain the gene-environment relationships observed under the current climate. We also detected higher reverse genetic offsets in northern China, indicating that genetic variation currently present in the whole range of Q. acutissima may not adapt to future climate conditions in this area. Overall, this study illustrates how evolutionary processes have shaped the landscape of genomic variation, and provides a comprehensive genome-wide view of climate maladaptation in Q. acutissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao-Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing An
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ru Fan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pär K Ingvarsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Baosheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China.,South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Hopley T, Byrne M. Implications of climate change on a floodplain shrub: associations between genomic and environmental variation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Genomic insights into local adaptation and future climate-induced vulnerability of a keystone forest tree in East Asia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6541. [PMID: 36319648 PMCID: PMC9626627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid global climate change is posing a substantial threat to biodiversity. The assessment of population vulnerability and adaptive capacity under climate change is crucial for informing conservation and mitigation strategies. Here we generate a chromosome-scale genome assembly and re-sequence genomes of 230 individuals collected from 24 populations for Populus koreana, a pioneer and keystone tree species in temperate forests of East Asia. We integrate population genomics and environmental variables to reveal a set of climate-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion/deletions and structural variations, especially numerous adaptive non-coding variants distributed across the genome. We incorporate these variants into an environmental modeling scheme to predict a highly spatiotemporal shift of this species in response to future climate change. We further identify the most vulnerable populations that need conservation priority and many candidate genes and variants that may be useful for forest tree breeding with special aims. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating genomic and environmental data to predict adaptive capacity of a key forest to rapid climate change in the future.
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14
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Bai Q, He B, Cai Y, Lian H, Zhang Q, Liang D, Wang Y. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Schima superba From Southern China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.879512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tree Schima superba is important for afforestation and fire prevention in southern China. The wood of this tree can also be used for furniture and buildings. However, the lack of genetic background and genomic information for this species has lowered wood yield speed and quality improvement. Here, we aimed to discover genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 302 S. superba germplasms collected from southern China and to use these SNPs to investigate the population structure. Using genotyping by sequencing, a total of 785 high-quality SNP markers (minor allele frequency [MAF] ≥ 0.05) were identified from 302 accessions collected from seven geographical locations. Population structure analyses and principal coordinate analyses (PCoAs) indicated that these germplasm resources can be clearly separated into different populations. The S. superba accessions originating from Yunnan (YN) and Guangxi (GX) fell into the same population, separate from the accessions originating from Guangdong (GD), which indicated that these two regions should be regarded as major provenances of this species. In addition, two independent core germplasm sets with abundant genetic polymorphisms were constructed to support the breeding work. The identification of SNP markers, analyses of population genetics, and construction of core germplasm sets will greatly promote the molecular breeding work of S. superba.
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15
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Chai M, Tseng Y, Lu H, Luo M, Chang J, Liao P. Riding an escalator: upward range shift and patterns of genetic response to climate change in
Acer caudatifolium. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min‐Wei Chai
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ting Tseng
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Hsin‐Pei Lu
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Min‐Xin Luo
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jui‐Tse Chang
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Chun Liao
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
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16
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Sousa F, Costa J, Ribeiro C, Varandas M, Pina-Martins F, Simões F, Matos J, Glushkova M, Miguel C, Veloso MM, Oliveira M, Pinto Ricardo C, Batista D, Paulo OS. Population structure in Quercus suber L. revealed by nuclear microsatellite markers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13565. [PMID: 35729909 PMCID: PMC9206845 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercus suber L. is a sclerophyllous tree species native to the western Mediterranean, a region that is considered highly vulnerable to increased temperatures and severe dry conditions due to environmental changes. Understanding the population structure and demographics of Q. suber is essential in order to anticipate whether populations at greater risk and the species as a whole have the genetic background and reproductive dynamics to enable rapid adaptation. The genetic diversity of Q. suber has been subject to different studies using both chloroplast and nuclear data, but population structure patterns remain unclear. Here, we perform genetic analyses on Q. suber using 13 nuclear microsatellite markers, and analysed 17 distinct locations across the entire range of the species. Structure analyses revealed that Q. suber may contain three major genetic clusters that likely result from isolation in refugia combined with posterior admixture and putative introgression from other Quercus species. Our results show a more complex structure scenario than previously inferred for Q. suber using nuclear markers and suggest that different southern populations contain high levels of genetic variation that may contribute to the resilience of Q. suber in a context of environmental change and adaptive pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Sousa
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal,RAIZ, Herdade de Espirra, Pegões, Portugal
| | - Carla Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Varandas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Francisco Pina-Martins
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal,Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, ESTBarreiro, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Simões
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José Matos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Glushkova
- Forest Research Institute of B.A.S., Department of Forest Genetics, Physiology and Plantations, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Célia Miguel
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal,iBET, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), Unidade de Investigação de Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Oliveira
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cândido Pinto Ricardo
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal,Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Gao Y, Chen Y, Li S, Huang X, Hu J, Bock DG, MacIsaac HJ, Zhan A. Complementary genomic and epigenomic adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3598-3612. [PMID: 35560847 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While adaptation is commonly thought to result from selection on DNA sequence-based variation, recent studies have highlighted an analogous epigenetic component as well. However, the relative roles of these mechanisms in facilitating population persistence under environmental heterogeneity remain unclear. To address the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and their relationship during environmental adaptation, we screened the genomes and epigenomes of nine global populations of a predominately sessile marine invasive tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri, using reduced-representation methods. We detected clear population differentiation at the genetic and epigenetic levels. Patterns of genetic and epigenetic structure were significantly influenced by local environmental variables. Among these variables, minimum annual sea surface temperature was identified as the top explanatory variable for both genetic and epigenetic variation. However, patterns of population structure driven by genetic and epigenetic variation were somewhat distinct, suggesting possible autonomy of epigenetic variation. We found both shared and specific genes and biological pathways among genetic and epigenetic loci associated with environmental factors, consistent with complementary and independent contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation to environmental adaptation in this system. Collectively, these mechanisms may facilitate population persistence under environmental change and sustain successful invasions across novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shiguo Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuena Huang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Juntao Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dan G Bock
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Yunnan, 650091, China.,Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Aibin Zhan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Feng L, Du FK. Landscape Genomics in Tree Conservation Under a Changing Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:822217. [PMID: 35283901 PMCID: PMC8908315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.822217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of how species respond to changing environments is essential to the conservation of species. However, the molecular mechanisms of adaptation remain largely unknown for long-lived tree species which always have large population sizes, long generation time, and extensive gene flow. Recent advances in landscape genomics can reveal the signals of adaptive selection linking genetic variations and landscape characteristics and therefore have created novel insights into tree conservation strategies. In this review article, we first summarized the methods of landscape genomics used in tree conservation and elucidated the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. We then highlighted the newly developed method "Risk of Non-adaptedness," which can predict the genetic offset or genomic vulnerability of species via allele frequency change under multiple scenarios of climate change. Finally, we provided prospects concerning how our introduced approaches of landscape genomics can assist policymaking and improve the existing conservation strategies for tree species under the ongoing global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fang K. Du
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fang K. Du,
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19
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Relict inland mangrove ecosystem reveals Last Interglacial sea levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024518118. [PMID: 34607943 PMCID: PMC8522267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024518118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With geological sea-level fluctuations driven by climate change, the distribution of mangrove forests has expanded and contracted through time. We studied an inland, isolated mangrove forest located 170 km away from the nearest coastline in the interior of the rainforests of the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico). Combining multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate that this extant forest is a relict from a past, warmer world when relative sea levels were 6 to 9 m higher than at the present. Our finding highlights the extensive landscape impacts of past climate change on the world’s coastline and opens opportunities to better understand future scenarios of relative sea level rise. Climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene played a major role in shaping the spatial distribution and demographic dynamics of Earth's biota, including our own species. The Last Interglacial (LIG) or Eemian Period (ca. 130 to 115 thousand years B.P.) was particularly influential because this period of peak warmth led to the retreat of all ice sheets with concomitant changes in global sea level. The impact of these strong environmental changes on the spatial distribution of marine and terrestrial ecosystems was severe as revealed by fossil data and paleogeographic modeling. Here, we report the occurrence of an extant, inland mangrove ecosystem and demonstrate that it is a relict of the LIG. This ecosystem is currently confined to the banks of the freshwater San Pedro Mártir River in the interior of the Mexico–Guatemala El Petén rainforests, 170 km away from the nearest ocean coast but showing the plant composition and physiognomy typical of a coastal lagoon ecosystem. Integrating genomic, geologic, and floristic data with sea level modeling, we present evidence that this inland ecosystem reached its current location during the LIG and has persisted there in isolation ever since the oceans receded during the Wisconsin glaciation. Our study provides a snapshot of the Pleistocene peak warmth and reveals biotic evidence that sea levels substantially influenced landscapes and species ranges in the tropics during this period.
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20
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Rellstab C, Dauphin B, Exposito‐Alonso M. Prospects and limitations of genomic offset in conservation management. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1202-1212. [PMID: 34025760 PMCID: PMC8127717 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature conservation, there is keen interest in predicting how populations will respond to environmental changes such as climate change. These predictions can help determine whether a population can be self-sustaining under future alterations of its habitat or whether it may require human intervention such as protection, restoration, or assisted migration. An increasingly popular approach in this respect is the concept of genomic offset, which combines genomic and environmental data from different time points and/or locations to assess the degree of possible maladaptation to new environmental conditions. Here, we argue that the concept of genomic offset holds great potential, but an exploration of its risks and limitations is needed to use it for recommendations in conservation or assisted migration. After briefly describing the concept, we list important issues to consider (e.g., statistical frameworks, population genetic structure, migration, independent evidence) when using genomic offset or developing these methods further. We conclude that genomic offset is an area of development that still lacks some important features and should be used in combination with other approaches to inform conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moises Exposito‐Alonso
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCAUSA
- Department of BiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
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21
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Molecular Research on Stress Responses in Quercus spp.: From Classical Biochemistry to Systems Biology through Omics Analysis. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genus Quercus (oak), family Fagaceae, comprises around 500 species, being one of the most important and dominant woody angiosperms in the Northern Hemisphere. Nowadays, it is threatened by environmental cues, which are either of biotic or abiotic origin. This causes tree decline, dieback, and deforestation, which can worsen in a climate change scenario. In the 21st century, biotechnology should take a pivotal role in facing this problem and proposing sustainable management and conservation strategies for forests. As a non-domesticated, long-lived species, the only plausible approach for tree breeding is exploiting the natural diversity present in this species and the selection of elite, more resilient genotypes, based on molecular markers. In this direction, it is important to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the tolerance or resistance to stresses, and the identification of genes, gene products, and metabolites related to this phenotype. This research is being performed by using classical biochemistry or the most recent omics (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) approaches, which should be integrated with other physiological and morphological techniques in the Systems Biology direction. This review is focused on the current state-of-the-art of such approaches for describing and integrating the latest knowledge on biotic and abiotic stress responses in Quercus spp., with special reference to Quercus ilex, the system on which the authors have been working for the last 15 years. While biotic stress factors mainly include fungi and insects such as Phytophthora cinnamomi, Cerambyx welensii, and Operophtera brumata, abiotic stress factors include salinity, drought, waterlogging, soil pollutants, cold, heat, carbon dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet radiation. The review is structured following the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology and the omic cascade, from DNA (genomics, epigenomics, and DNA-based markers) to metabolites (metabolomics), through mRNA (transcriptomics) and proteins (proteomics). An integrated view of the different approaches, challenges, and future directions is critically discussed.
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22
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Dauphin B, Rellstab C, Schmid M, Zoller S, Karger DN, Brodbeck S, Guillaume F, Gugerli F. Genomic vulnerability to rapid climate warming in a tree species with a long generation time. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1181-1195. [PMID: 33345407 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing increase in global temperature affects biodiversity, especially in mountain regions where climate change is exacerbated. As sessile, long-lived organisms, trees are especially challenged in terms of adapting to rapid climate change. Here, we show that low rates of allele frequency shifts in Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) occurring near the treeline result in high genomic vulnerability to future climate warming, presumably due to the species' long generation time. Using exome sequencing data from adult and juvenile cohorts in the Swiss Alps, we found an average rate of allele frequency shift of 1.23 × 10-2 /generation (i.e. 40 years) at presumably neutral loci, with similar rates for putatively adaptive loci associated with temperature (0.96 × 10-2 /generation) and precipitation (0.91 × 10-2 /generation). These recent shifts were corroborated by forward-in-time simulations at neutral and adaptive loci. Additionally, in juvenile trees at the colonisation front we detected alleles putatively beneficial under a future warmer and drier climate. Notably, the observed past rate of allele frequency shift in temperature-associated loci was decidedly lower than the estimated average rate of 6.29 × 10-2 /generation needed to match a moderate future climate scenario (RCP4.5). Our findings suggest that species with long generation times may have difficulty keeping up with the rapid climate change occurring in high mountain areas and thus are prone to local extinction in their current main elevation range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Max Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zoller
- Genetic Diversity Centre, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Brodbeck
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Gugerli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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23
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Hoffmann AA, Miller AD, Weeks AR. Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing. Evol Appl 2021; 14:634-652. [PMID: 33767740 PMCID: PMC7980264 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by the deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity, and maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction and rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed to safeguard populations and species and to maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns of gene flow via the deliberate movement of genotypes around the environment are generating growing interest with broad applications in conservation and environmental management. These diverse strategies go by various names ranging from genetic or evolutionary rescue to provenancing and genetic resurrection. Our aim here is to provide some clarification around terminology and to how these strategies are connected and linked to underlying genetic processes. We draw on case studies from the literature and outline mechanisms that underlie how the various strategies aim to increase species fitness and impact the wider community. We argue that understanding mechanisms leading to species decline and community impact is a key to successful implementation of these strategies. We emphasize the need to consider the nature of source and recipient populations, as well as associated risks and trade-offs for the various strategies. This overview highlights where strategies are likely to have potential at population, species, and ecosystem scales, but also where they should probably not be attempted depending on the overall aims of the intervention. We advocate an approach where short- and long-term strategies are integrated into a decision framework that also considers nongenetic aspects of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciencesBio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWarrnamboolVic.Australia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Andrew R. Weeks
- School of BioSciencesBio21 InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
- cesar Pty LtdParkvilleVic.Australia
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24
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Vanhove M, Pina‐Martins F, Coelho AC, Branquinho C, Costa A, Batista D, Príncipe A, Sousa P, Henriques A, Marques I, Belkadi B, Knowles LL, Paulo OS. Using gradient Forest to predict climate response and adaptation in Cork oak. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:910-923. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vanhove
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Francisco Pina‐Martins
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Coelho
- Centro de Electrónica, Optoelectronica e Telecomunicações Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Augusta Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária Oeiras Portugal
- CENSE ‐ Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research NOVA University of Lisbon Caparica Portugal
| | - Dora Batista
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Adriana Príncipe
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Paulo Sousa
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - André Henriques
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Forest Research Centre Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | | | - L. Lacey Knowles
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Faculdade de Ciências Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
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25
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Bogaerts‐Márquez M, Guirao‐Rico S, Gautier M, González J. Temperature, rainfall and wind variables underlie environmental adaptation in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:938-954. [PMID: 33350518 PMCID: PMC7986194 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While several studies in a diverse set of species have shed light on the genes underlying adaptation, our knowledge on the selective pressures that explain the observed patterns lags behind. Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable organism to study environmental adaptation because this species originated in Southern Africa and has recently expanded worldwide, and also because it has a functionally well-annotated genome. In this study, we aimed to decipher which environmental variables are relevant for adaptation of D. melanogaster natural populations in Europe and North America. We analysed 36 whole-genome pool-seq samples of D. melanogaster natural populations collected in 20 European and 11 North American locations. We used the BayPass software to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and transposable elements (TEs) showing signature of adaptive differentiation across populations, as well as significant associations with 59 environmental variables related to temperature, rainfall, evaporation, solar radiation, wind, daylight hours, and soil type. We found that in addition to temperature and rainfall, wind related variables are also relevant for D. melanogaster environmental adaptation. Interestingly, 23%-51% of the genes that showed significant associations with environmental variables were not found overly differentiated across populations. In addition to SNPs, we also identified 10 reference transposable element insertions associated with environmental variables. Our results showed that genome-environment association analysis can identify adaptive genetic variants that are undetected by population differentiation analysis while also allowing the identification of candidate environmental drivers of adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bogaerts‐Márquez
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra)BarcelonaSpain
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Sara Guirao‐Rico
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra)BarcelonaSpain
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgroUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Josefa González
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC‐Universitat Pompeu Fabra)BarcelonaSpain
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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26
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Gugger PF, Fitz-Gibbon ST, Albarrán-Lara A, Wright JW, Sork VL. Landscape genomics of Quercus lobata reveals genes involved in local climate adaptation at multiple spatial scales. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:406-423. [PMID: 33179370 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the environment shapes genetic variation provides critical insight about the evolution of local adaptation in natural populations. At multiple spatial scales and multiple geographic contexts within a single species, such information could address a number of fundamental questions about the scale of local adaptation and whether or not the same loci are involved at different spatial scales or geographic contexts. We used landscape genomic approaches from three local elevational transects and rangewide sampling to (a) identify genetic variation underlying local adaptation to environmental gradients in the California endemic oak, Quercus lobata; (b) examine whether putatively adaptive SNPs show signatures of selection at multiple spatial scales; and (c) map putatively adaptive variation to assess the scale and pattern of local adaptation. Of over 10 k single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated with genotyping-by-sequencing, we found signatures of natural selection by climate or local environment at over 600 SNPs (536 loci), some at multiple spatial scales across multiple analyses. Candidate SNPs identified with gene-environment tests (LFMM) at the rangewide scale also showed elevated associations with climate variables compared to the background at both rangewide and elevational transect scales with gradient forest analysis. Some loci overlap with those detected in other oak species, raising the question of whether the same loci might be involved in local climate adaptation in different congeneric species that inhabit different geographic contexts. Mapping landscape patterns of adaptive versus background genetic variation identified regions of marked local adaptation and suggests nonlinear association of candidate SNPs and environmental variables. Taken together, our results offer robust evidence for novel candidate genes for local climate adaptation at multiple spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Gugger
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, USA
| | - Sorel T Fitz-Gibbon
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Albarrán-Lara
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica W Wright
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Victoria L Sork
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Capblancq T, Fitzpatrick MC, Bay RA, Exposito-Alonso M, Keller SR. Genomic Prediction of (Mal)Adaptation Across Current and Future Climatic Landscapes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-020720-042553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Signals of local adaptation have been found in many plants and animals, highlighting the heterogeneity in the distribution of adaptive genetic variation throughout species ranges. In the coming decades, global climate change is expected to induce shifts in the selective pressures that shape this adaptive variation. These changes in selective pressures will likely result in varying degrees of local climate maladaptation and spatial reshuffling of the underlying distributions of adaptive alleles. There is a growing interest in using population genomic data to help predict future disruptions to locally adaptive gene-environment associations. One motivation behind such work is to better understand how the effects of changing climate on populations’ short-term fitness could vary spatially across species ranges. Here we review the current use of genomic data to predict the disruption of local adaptation across current and future climates. After assessing goals and motivationsunderlying the approach, we review the main steps and associated statistical methods currently in use and explore our current understanding of the limits and future potential of using genomics to predict climate change (mal)adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Capblancq
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
| | - Matthew C. Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland 21532, USA
| | - Rachael A. Bay
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stephen R. Keller
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA
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28
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Du FK, Wang T, Wang Y, Ueno S, de Lafontaine G. Contrasted patterns of local adaptation to climate change across the range of an evergreen oak, Quercus aquifolioides. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2377-2391. [PMID: 33005228 PMCID: PMC7513717 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-lived tree species are genetically differentiated and locally adapted with respect to fitness-related traits, but the genetic basis of local adaptation remains largely unresolved. Recent advances in population genetics and landscape genomic analyses enable identification of putative adaptive loci and specific selective pressures acting on local adaptation. Here, we sampled 60 evergreen oak (Quercus aquifolioides) populations throughout the species' range and pool-sequenced 587 individuals at drought-stress candidate genes. We analyzed patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation for 381 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 65 candidate genes and eight microsatellites. Outlier loci were identified by genetic differentiation analysis and genome-environment associations. The response pattern of genetic variation to environmental gradient was assessed by linear isolation-by-distance/environment tests, redundancy analysis, and nonlinear methods. SNPs and microsatellites revealed two genetic lineages: Tibet and Hengduan Mountains-Western Sichuan Plateau (HDM-WSP), with reduced genetic diversity in Tibet lineage. More outlier loci were detected in HDM-WSP lineage than Tibet lineage. Among these, three SNPs in two genes responded to dry season precipitation in the HDM-WSP lineage but not in Tibet. By contrast, genetic variation in the Tibet lineage was related to geographic distance instead of the environment. Furthermore, risk of nonadaptedness (RONA) analyses suggested HDM-WSP lineage will have a better capacity to adapt in the predicted future climate compared with the Tibet lineage. We detected genetic imprints consistent with natural selection and molecular adaptation to drought on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) over a range of long-lived and widely distributed oak species in a changing environment. Our results suggest that different within-species adaptation processes occur in species occurring in heterogeneous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang K. Du
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tianrui Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuyao Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Saneyoshi Ueno
- Department of Forest Molecular Genetics and BiotechnologyForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteForest Research and Management OrganizationTsukubaJapan
| | - Guillaume de Lafontaine
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative Biology of Northern FloraUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQCCanada
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29
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Estravis-Barcala M, Mattera MG, Soliani C, Bellora N, Opgenoorth L, Heer K, Arana MV. Molecular bases of responses to abiotic stress in trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3765-3779. [PMID: 31768543 PMCID: PMC7316969 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Trees are constantly exposed to climate fluctuations, which vary with both time and geographic location. Environmental changes that are outside of the physiological favorable range usually negatively affect plant performance and trigger responses to abiotic stress. Long-living trees in particular have evolved a wide spectrum of molecular mechanisms to coordinate growth and development under stressful conditions, thus minimizing fitness costs. The ongoing development of techniques directed at quantifying abiotic stress has significantly increased our knowledge of physiological responses in woody plants. However, it is only within recent years that advances in next-generation sequencing and biochemical approaches have enabled us to begin to understand the complexity of the molecular systems that underlie these responses. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the molecular bases of drought and temperature stresses in trees, with a focus on functional, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and population genomic studies. In addition, we highlight topics that will contribute to progress in our understanding of the plastic and adaptive responses of woody plants to drought and temperature in a context of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Estravis-Barcala
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas- Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Mattera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Carolina Soliani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Bellora
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales, (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas- Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Department of Ecology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Katrin Heer
- Department of Conservation Biology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg Germany
| | - María Verónica Arana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
- Correspondence:
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30
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Cagnano G, Lenk I, Roulund N, Jensen CS, Cox MP, Asp T. Mycelial biomass and concentration of loline alkaloids driven by complex population structure in Epichloë uncinata and meadow fescue ( Schedonorus pratensis). Mycologia 2020; 112:474-490. [PMID: 32412888 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1746607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made to select and isolate naturally occurring animal-friendly Epichloë strains for later reinfection into elite cultivars. Often this process involves large-scale screening of Epichloë-infected wild grass populations where strains are characterized and alkaloids measured. Here, we describe for the first time the use of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) on a collection of 217 Epichloë-infected grasses (7 S. arundinaceum, 4 L. perenne, and 206 S. pratensis). This genotyping strategy is cheaper than complete genome sequencing, is suitable for a large number of individuals, and, when applied to endophyte-infected grasses, conveniently genotypes both organisms. In total, 6273 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the endophyte data set and 38 323 SNPs in the host data set were obtained. Our findings reveal a composite structure with three distinct endophyte clusters unrelated to the three main S. pratensis gene pools that have most likely spread from different glacial refugia in Eurasia. All three gene pools can establish symbiosis with E. uncinata. A comparison of the endophyte clusters with microsatellite-based fingerprinting of the same samples allows a quick test to discriminate between these clusters using two simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Concentrations of loline alkaloids and mycelial biomass are correlated and differ significantly among the plant and endophyte subpopulations; one endophyte strain has higher levels of lolines than others, and one specific host genotype is particularly suitable to host E. uncinata. These findings pave the way for targeted artificial inoculations of specific host-endophyte combinations to boost loline production in the symbiota and for genome association studies with the aim of isolating genes involved in the compatibility between meadow fescue and E. uncinata.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cagnano
- DLF Seeds A/S, Højerupvej 31, 4660 Store Heddinge , Denmark
| | - I Lenk
- DLF Seeds A/S, Højerupvej 31, 4660 Store Heddinge , Denmark
| | - N Roulund
- DLF Seeds A/S, Højerupvej 31, 4660 Store Heddinge , Denmark
| | - C S Jensen
- DLF Seeds A/S, Højerupvej 31, 4660 Store Heddinge , Denmark
| | - M P Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - T Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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31
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Jordan R, Breed MF, Prober SM, Miller AD, Hoffmann AA. How well do revegetation plantings capture genetic diversity? Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190460. [PMID: 31615374 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Revegetation plantings are a key management tool for ecological restoration. Revegetation success is usually measured using ecological traits, however, genetic diversity should also be considered as it can influence fitness, adaptive capacity and long-term viability of revegetation plantings and ecosystem functioning. Here we review the global literature comparing genetic diversity in revegetation plantings to natural stands. Findings from 48 studies suggest variable genetic outcomes of revegetation, with 46% demonstrating higher genetic diversity in revegetation than natural stands and 52% demonstrating lower diversity. Levels of genetic diversity were most strongly associated with the number of source sites used-where information was available, 69% of studies showing higher genetic diversity in revegetation reported using multiple provenances, compared with only 33% for those with lower diversity. However, with a few exceptions, it was unclear whether differences in genetic diversity between revegetation and natural stands were statistically significant. This reflected insufficient reporting of statistical error and metadata within the published studies, which limited conclusions about factors contributing to patterns. Nonetheless, our findings indicate that mixed seed sourcing can contribute to higher genetic diversity in revegetation. Finally, we emphasize the type of metadata needed to determine factors influencing genetic diversity in revegetation and inform restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jordan
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Prober
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
| | - Adam D Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Victoria 3280, Australia.,Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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32
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Müller M, Gailing O. Abiotic genetic adaptation in the Fagaceae. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:783-795. [PMID: 31081234 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fagaceae can be found in tropical and temperate regions and contain species of major ecological and economic importance. In times of global climate change, tree populations need to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. The predicted warmer and drier conditions will potentially result in locally maladapted populations. There is evidence that major genera of the Fagaceae are already negatively affected by climate change-related factors such as drought and associated biotic stressors. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying adaptation is of great interest. In this review, we summarise current literature related to genetic adaptation to abiotic environmental conditions. We begin with an overview of genetic diversity in Fagaceae species and then summarise current knowledge related to drought stress tolerance, bud burst timing and frost tolerance in the Fagaceae. Finally, we discuss the role of hybridisation, epigenetics and phenotypic plasticity in adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Müller
- Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - O Gailing
- Faculty for Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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