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Wen S, Shi Z, Zhang X, Pan L, Kwon S, Li Y, Yang X, Li H. Effect of Climate and Competition on Radial Growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Forest in Hulunbuir Sandy Land of Inner Mongolia, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2584. [PMID: 37447145 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The forest of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is an important semi-arid ecosystem in Hulunbuir sandy land that plays a key role in the carbon cycle and wind erosion control. It is crucial to explore the main factors affecting the radial growth of trees of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. (2) Methods: The study established the tree-ring chronology of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and analyzed the relationships among the radial growth, competition index, and climate variables using correlation analysis and a linear mixed effect model to explore the influence of competition and climate on radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. (3) Results: The results indicated that tree growth is mainly affected by the maximum average temperature (Tmax) and precipitation in June and July of the current year and that tree growth significantly decreased with increasing competition pressure. Analysis of the linear mixed effect model showed that tree age, competition intensity, self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) from May to July, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) have a significant impact on radial growth. (4) Conclusions: The competition plays a dominant role in radial growth of P. sylvestris var. mongolica compared to climate factors. This study helps to understand the growth mechanism of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests under climate change and provides a scientific basis for effective management of semi-arid forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wen
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Zhongjie Shi
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Leilei Pan
- Institute of Ecological Restoration, Kongju National University, Gongzhou City 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Semyung Kwon
- Institute of Ecological Restoration, Kongju National University, Gongzhou City 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuheng Li
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hanzhi Li
- Research Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
- Research Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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2
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Robinson W, Kerhoulas LP, Sherriff RL, Roletti G, van Mantgem PJ. Drought survival strategies differ between coastal and montane conifers in northern California. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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3
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Zacharias M, Pampuch T, Dauphin B, Opgenoorth L, Roland C, Schnittler M, Wilmking M, Bog M, Heer K. Genetic basis of growth reaction to drought stress differs in contrasting high-latitude treeline ecotones of a widespread conifer. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5165-5181. [PMID: 35951000 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought events in many boreal forests. Trees are sessile organisms with a long generation time, which makes them vulnerable to fast climate change and hinders fast adaptations. Therefore, it is important to know how forests cope with drought stress and to explore the genetic basis of these reactions. We investigated three natural populations of white spruce (Picea glauca) in Alaska, located at one drought-limited and two cold-limited treelines with a paired plot design of one forest and one treeline plot. We obtained individual increment cores from 458 trees and climate data to assess dendrophenotypes, in particular the growth reaction to drought stress. To explore the genetic basis of these dendrophenotypes, we genotyped the individual trees at 3000 single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes and performed genotype-phenotype association analysis using linear mixed models and Bayesian sparse linear mixed models. Growth reaction to drought stress differed in contrasting treeline populations. Therefore, the populations are likely to be unevenly affected by climate change. We identified 40 genes associated with dendrophenotypic traits that differed among the treeline populations. Most genes were identified in the drought-limited site, indicating comparatively strong selection pressure of drought-tolerant phenotypes. Contrasting patterns of drought-associated genes among sampled sites and in comparison to Canadian populations in a previous study suggest that drought adaptation acts on a local scale. Our results highlight genes that are associated with wood traits which in turn are critical for the establishment and persistence of future forests under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zacharias
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Timo Pampuch
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carl Roland
- Denali National Park and Preserve, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Martin Schnittler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Bog
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Forest Genetics, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Raiho AM, Scharf HR, Roland CA, Swanson DK, Stehn SE, Hooten MB. Searching for refuge: A framework for identifying site factors conferring resistance to climate‐driven vegetation change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Raiho
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Henry R. Scharf
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State University San Diego California USA
| | - Carl A. Roland
- Denali National Park and Preserve National Park Service Anchorage Alaska USA
| | | | - Sarah E. Stehn
- Denali National Park and Preserve National Park Service Anchorage Alaska USA
- Arctic Network National Park Service Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Statistics Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Colorado USA
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5
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Raiho AM, Nicklen EF, Foster AC, Roland CA, Hooten MB. Bridging implementation gaps to connect large ecological datasets and complex models. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18271-18287. [PMID: 35003672 PMCID: PMC8717344 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Merging robust statistical methods with complex simulation models is a frontier for improving ecological inference and forecasting. However, bringing these tools together is not always straightforward. Matching data with model output, determining starting conditions, and addressing high dimensionality are some of the complexities that arise when attempting to incorporate ecological field data with mechanistic models directly using sophisticated statistical methods. To illustrate these complexities and pragmatic paths forward, we present an analysis using tree-ring basal area reconstructions in Denali National Park (DNPP) to constrain successional trajectories of two spruce species (Picea mariana and Picea glauca) simulated by a forest gap model, University of Virginia Forest Model Enhanced-UVAFME. Through this process, we provide preliminary ecological inference about the long-term competitive dynamics between slow-growing P. mariana and relatively faster-growing P. glauca. Incorporating tree-ring data into UVAFME allowed us to estimate a bias correction for stand age with improved parameter estimates. We found that higher parameter values for P. mariana minimum growth under stress and P. glauca maximum growth rate were key to improving simulations of coexistence, agreeing with recent research that faster-growing P. glauca may outcompete P. mariana under climate change scenarios. The implementation challenges we highlight are a crucial part of the conversation for how to bring models together with data to improve ecological inference and forecasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Raiho
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - E. Fleur Nicklen
- Denali National Park and PreserveNational Park ServiceFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | - Adrianna C. Foster
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber SystemsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Carl A. Roland
- Denali National Park and PreserveNational Park ServiceFairbanksAlaskaUSA
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of StatisticsColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitU.S. Geological SurveyFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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6
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Okano K, Bret‐Harte MS, Mulder CPH, Juday GP. Resource availability drives plant–plant interactions of conifer seedlings across elevations under warming in Alaska. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Okano
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska99775USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska99775USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - M. Syndonia Bret‐Harte
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska99775USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska99775USA
| | - Christa P. H. Mulder
- Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska99775USA
- Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska99775USA
| | - Glenn P. Juday
- School of Natural Resources and Extension University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska99775USA
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7
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Widespread mortality of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) throughout interior Alaskan boreal forests resulting from a novel canker disease. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250078. [PMID: 33831122 PMCID: PMC8032200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, growth declines and mortality of trembling aspen throughout western Canada and the United States have been linked to drought, often interacting with outbreaks of insects and fungal pathogens, resulting in a “sudden aspen decline” throughout much of aspen’s range. In 2015, we noticed an aggressive fungal canker causing widespread mortality of aspen throughout interior Alaska and initiated a study to quantify potential drivers for the incidence, virulence, and distribution of the disease. Stand-level infection rates among 88 study sites distributed across 6 Alaska ecoregions ranged from <1 to 69%, with the proportion of trees with canker that were dead averaging 70% across all sites. The disease is most prevalent north of the Alaska Range within the Tanana Kuskokwim ecoregion. Modeling canker probability as a function of ecoregion, stand structure, landscape position, and climate revealed that smaller-diameter trees in older stands with greater aspen basal area have the highest canker incidence and mortality, while younger trees in younger stands appear virtually immune to the disease. Sites with higher summer vapor pressure deficits had significantly higher levels of canker infection and mortality. We believe the combined effects of this novel fungal canker pathogen, drought, and the persistent aspen leaf miner outbreak are triggering feedbacks between carbon starvation and hydraulic failure that are ultimately driving widespread mortality. Warmer early-season temperatures and prolonged late summer drought are leading to larger and more severe wildfires throughout interior Alaska that are favoring a shift from black spruce to forests dominated by Alaska paper birch and aspen. Widespread aspen mortality fostered by this rapidly spreading pathogen has significant implications for successional dynamics, ecosystem function, and feedbacks to disturbance regimes, particularly on sites too dry for Alaska paper birch.
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Lange J, Carrer M, Pisaric MFJ, Porter TJ, Seo JW, Trouillier M, Wilmking M. Moisture-driven shift in the climate sensitivity of white spruce xylem anatomical traits is coupled to large-scale oscillation patterns across northern treeline in northwest North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1842-1856. [PMID: 31799729 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth at northern treelines is generally temperature-limited due to cold and short growing seasons. However, temperature-induced drought stress was repeatedly reported for certain regions of the boreal forest in northwestern North America, provoked by a significant increase in temperature and possibly reinforced by a regime shift of the pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). The aim of this study is to better understand physiological growth reactions of white spruce, a dominant species of the North American boreal forest, to PDO regime shifts using quantitative wood anatomy and traditional tree-ring width (TRW) analysis. We investigated white spruce growth at latitudinal treeline across a >1,000 km gradient in northwestern North America. Functionally important xylem anatomical traits (lumen area, cell-wall thickness, cell number) and TRW were correlated with the drought-sensitive standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index of the growing season. Correlations were computed separately for complete phases of the PDO in the 20th century, representing alternating warm/dry (1925-1946), cool/wet (1947-1976) and again warm/dry (1977-1998) climate regimes. Xylem anatomical traits revealed water-limiting conditions in both warm/dry PDO regimes, while no or spatially contrasting associations were found for the cool/wet regime, indicating a moisture-driven shift in growth-limiting factors between PDO periods. TRW reflected only the last shift of 1976/1977, suggesting different climate thresholds and a higher sensitivity to moisture availability of xylem anatomical traits compared to TRW. This high sensitivity of xylem anatomical traits permits to identify first signs of moisture-driven growth in treeline white spruce at an early stage, suggesting quantitative wood anatomy being a powerful tool to study climate change effects in the northwestern North American treeline ecotone. Projected temperature increase might challenge growth performance of white spruce as a key component of the North American boreal forest biome in the future, when drier conditions are likely to occur with higher frequency and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lange
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Carrer
- Department TESAF, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael F J Pisaric
- Department of Geography and Tourism Studies, Brock University, Saint Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor J Porter
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Jeong-Wook Seo
- Department of Wood & Paper Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mario Trouillier
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Wilmking
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Searle EB, Chen HYH. Complementarity effects are strengthened by competition intensity and global environmental change in the central boreal forests of Canada. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:79-87. [PMID: 31631491 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Increases in niche complementarity have been hypothesised to reduce the intensity of interspecific competition within natural forests. In regions currently experiencing potentially enhanced growth under global environmental change, niche complementarity may become even more beneficial. However, few studies have provided direct evidence of this mechanism. Here, we use data from 180 permanent sample plots in Manitoba, Canada, with a full spatial mapping of all stems, to show that complementarity effects on average increased with neighbourhood competition intensity and temporally rising CO2 , warming and water availability. Importantly, complementarity effects increased with both shade tolerance and phylogenetic dissimilarity between the focal tree and its neighbours. Our results provide further evidence that increasing stand functional and phylogenetic diversity can improve individual tree productivity, especially for individuals experiencing intense competition and may offer an avenue to maintain productivity under global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Searle
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350007, China
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10
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Marchand W, Girardin MP, Hartmann H, Gauthier S, Bergeron Y. Taxonomy, together with ontogeny and growing conditions, drives needleleaf species' sensitivity to climate in boreal North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2793-2809. [PMID: 31012507 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no consensus regarding the way that changes in climate will affect boreal forest growth, where warming is occurring faster than in other biomes. Some studies suggest negative effects due to drought-induced stresses, while others provide evidence of increased growth rates due to a longer growing season. Studies focusing on the effects of environmental conditions on growth-climate relationships are usually limited to small sampling areas that do not encompass the full range of environmental conditions; therefore, they only provide a limited understanding of the processes at play. Here, we studied how environmental conditions and ontogeny modulated growth trends and growth-climate relationships of black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) using an extensive dataset from a forest inventory network. We quantified the long-term growth trends at the stand scale, based on analysis of the absolutely dated ring-width measurements of 2,266 trees. We assessed the relationship between annual growth rates and seasonal climate variables and evaluated the effects of various explanatory variables on long-term growth trends and growth-climate relationships. Both growth trends and growth-climate relationships were species-specific and spatially heterogeneous. While the growth of jack pine barely increased during the study period, we observed a growth decline for black spruce which was more pronounced for older stands. This decline was likely due to a negative balance between direct growth gains induced by improved photosynthesis during hotter-than-average growing conditions in early summers and the loss of growth occurring the following year due to the indirect effects of late-summer heat waves on accumulation of carbon reserves. For stands at the high end of our elevational gradient, frost damage during milder-than-average springs could act as an additional growth stressor. Competition and soil conditions also modified climate sensitivity, which suggests that effects of climate change will be highly heterogeneous across the boreal biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marchand
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin P Girardin
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvie Gauthier
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Centre d'étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn Noranda, Québec, Canada
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Roland CA, Schmidt JH, Winder SG, Stehn SE, Nicklen EF. Regional variation in interior Alaskan boreal forests is driven by fire disturbance, topography, and climate. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl A. Roland
- Denali National Park and Preserve and Central Alaska Network U.S. National Park Service 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks Alaska 99709 USA
| | - Joshua H. Schmidt
- Central Alaska Network U.S. National Park Service 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks Alaska 99709 USA
| | - Samantha G. Winder
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 756660 Fairbanks Alaska 99775 USA
| | - Sarah E. Stehn
- Denali National Park and Preserve P.O. Box 9 Denali Park Alaska 99755 USA
| | - E. Fleur Nicklen
- Central Alaska Network U.S. National Park Service 4175 Geist Road Fairbanks Alaska 99709 USA
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