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Vangi E, Dalmonech D, Cioccolo E, Marano G, Bianchini L, Puchi PF, Grieco E, Cescatti A, Colantoni A, Chirici G, Collalti A. Stand age diversity (and more than climate change) affects forests' resilience and stability, although unevenly. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121822. [PMID: 39018839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Stand age significantly influences the functioning of forest ecosystems by shaping structural and physiological plant traits, affecting water and carbon budgets. Forest age distribution is determined by the interplay of tree mortality and regeneration, influenced by both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Unfortunately, human-driven alteration of tree age distribution presents an underexplored avenue for enhancing forest stability and resilience. In our study, we investigated how age impacts the stability and resilience of the forest carbon budget under both current and future climate conditions. We employed a state-of-the-science biogeochemical, biophysical, validated process-based model on historically managed forest stands, projecting their future as undisturbed systems, i.e., left at their natural evolution with no management interventions (i.e., forests are left to develop undisturbed). Such a model, forced by climate data from five Earth System Models under four representative climate scenarios and one baseline scenario to disentangle the effect of climate change, spanned several age classes as representative of the current European forests' context, for each stand. Our findings indicate that Net Primary Production (NPP) peaks in the young and middle-aged classes (16- to 50-year-old), aligning with longstanding ecological theories, regardless of the climate scenario. Under climate change, the beech forest exhibited an increase in NPP and maintained stability across all age classes, while resilience remained constant with rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. However, NPP declined under climate change scenarios for the Norway spruce and Scots pine sites. In these coniferous forests, stability and resilience were more influenced. These results underscore the necessity of accounting for age class diversity -lacking in most, if not all, the current Global Vegetation Models - for reliable and robust assessments of the impacts of climate change on future forests' stability and resilience capacity. We, therefore, advocate for customized management strategies that enhance the adaptability of forests to changing climatic conditions, taking into account the diverse responses of different species and age groups to climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Vangi
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; geoLAB - Laboratory of Forest Geomatics, Dept. of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Daniela Dalmonech
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Cioccolo
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (UNITUS-DAFNE), Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gina Marano
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Bianchini
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (UNITUS-DAFNE), Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paulina F Puchi
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; Institute of BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Elisa Grieco
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - Andrea Colantoni
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences (UNITUS-DAFNE), Tuscia University of Viterbo, Via San Camillo de Lellis snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gherardo Chirici
- geoLAB - Laboratory of Forest Geomatics, Dept. of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145, Firenze, Italy; Fondazione per il Futuro delle Città, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy
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Berry E, Anfodillo T, Castorena M, Echeverría A, Olson ME. Scaling of leaf area with biomass in trees reconsidered: constant metabolically active sapwood volume per unit leaf area with height growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3993-4004. [PMID: 38634646 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypoallometric (slope<1) scaling between metabolic rate and body mass is often regarded as near-universal across organisms. However, there are compelling reasons to question hypoallometric scaling in woody plants, where metabolic rate is directly proportional to leaf area. This leaf area must provide carbon to the volume of the metabolically active sapwood (VMASW). Within populations of a species, variants in which VMASW increases per unit leaf area with height growth (e.g. ⅔ or ¾ scaling) would have proportionally less carbon for growth and reproduction as they grow taller. Therefore, selection should favor individuals in which, as they grow taller, leaf area scales isometrically with shoot VMASW (slope=1). Using tetrazolium staining, we measured total VMASW and total leaf area (LAtot) across 22 individuals of Ricinus communis and confirmed that leaf area scales isometrically with VMASW, and that VMASW is much smaller than total sapwood volume. With the potential of the LAtot-VMASW relationship to shape factors as diverse as the crown area-stem diameter relationship, conduit diameter scaling, reproductive output, and drought-induced mortality, our work indicates that the notion that sapwood increases per unit leaf area with height growth requires revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eapsa Berry
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito sn de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Tommaso Anfodillo
- Department Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD) 35020, Italy
| | - Matiss Castorena
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Alberto Echeverría
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito sn de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito sn de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Hammami Z, Tounsi-Hammami S, Nhamo N, Rezgui S, Trifa Y. The efficiency of chlorophyll fluorescence as a selection criterion for salinity and climate aridity tolerance in barley genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1324388. [PMID: 38863544 PMCID: PMC11165102 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1324388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction In the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region, crop production is being affected by various abiotic factors, including freshwater scarcity, climate, and soil salinity. As a result, farmers in this region are in search of salt-tolerant crops that can thrive in these harsh environments, using poor-quality groundwater. The main staple food crop for most of the countries in this region, Tunisia included, is barley. Methods The present study was designed to investigate the sensitivity and tolerance of six distinct barley genotypes to aridity and salinity stresses in five different natural field environments by measuring their photosynthetic activity. Results and discussion The results revealed that tolerant genotypes were significantly less affected by these stress factors than sensitive genotypes. The genotypes that were more susceptible to salinity and aridity stress exhibited a significant decline in their photosynthetic activity. Additionally, the fluorescence yields in growth phases J, I, and P declined significantly in the order of humid environment (BEJ), semi-arid site (KAI), and arid environment (MED) and became more significant when salt stress was added through the use of saline water for irrigation. The stress adversely affected the quantum yield of primary photochemistry (φP0), the quantum yield of electron transport (φE0), and the efficiency by trapped excitation (ψ0) in the vulnerable barley genotypes. Moreover, the performance index (PI) of the photosystem II (PSII) was found to be the most distinguishing parameter among the genotypes tested. The PI of sensitive genotypes was adversely affected by aridity and salinity. The PI of ICARDA20 and Konouz decreased by approximately 18% and 33%, respectively, when irrigated with non-saline water. The reduction was even greater, reaching 39%, for both genotypes when irrigated with saline water. However, tolerant genotypes Souihli and Batini 100/1B were less impacted by these stress factors.The fluorescence study provided insights into the photosynthetic apparatus of barley genotypes under stress. It enabled reliable salinity tolerance screening. Furthermore, the study confirmed that the chlorophyll a fluorescence induction curve had an inflection point (step K) even before the onset of visible signs of stress, indicating physiological disturbances, making chlorophyll fluorescence an effective tool for identifying salinity tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Hammami
- Crop Diversification and Genetics Section, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soumaya Tounsi-Hammami
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences at Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nhamo Nhamo
- Crop Diversification and Genetics Section, International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Rezgui
- Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Carthage University, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yousef Trifa
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ouyang M, Tian D, Niklas KJ, Yan Z, Han W, Yu Q, Chen G, Ji C, Tang Z, Fang J. The scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth rate over the course of bamboo ontogeny. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1088-1099. [PMID: 37991013 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric rules may explain the allometric scaling among biological traits and body size, a fundamental law of nature. However, testing the scaling of elemental stoichiometry and growth to size over the course of plant ontogeny is challenging. Here, we used a fast-growing bamboo species to examine how the concentrations and contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), relative growth rate (G), and nutrient productivity scale with whole-plant mass (M) at the culm elongation and maturation stages. The whole-plant C content vs M and N content vs P content scaled isometrically, and the N or P content vs M scaled as a general 3/4 power function across both growth stages. The scaling exponents of G vs M and N (and P) productivity in newly grown mass vs M relationships across the whole growth stages decreased as a -1 power function. These findings reveal the previously undocumented generality of stoichiometric allometries over the course of plant ontogeny and provide new insights for understanding the origin of ubiquitous quarter-power scaling laws in the biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Di Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Karl J Niklas
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Zhengbing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingshui Yu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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5
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Abou Jaoudé R, Luziatelli F, Ficca AG, Ruzzi M. A plant's perception of growth-promoting bacteria and their metabolites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1332864. [PMID: 38328622 PMCID: PMC10848262 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1332864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Many recent studies have highlighted the importance of plant growth-promoting (rhizo)bacteria (PGPR) in supporting plant's development, particularly under biotic and abiotic stress. Most focus on the plant growth-promoting traits of selected strains and the latter's effect on plant biomass, root architecture, leaf area, and specific metabolite accumulation. Regarding energy balance, plant growth is the outcome of an input (photosynthesis) and several outputs (i.e., respiration, exudation, shedding, and herbivory), frequently neglected in classical studies on PGPR-plant interaction. Here, we discuss the primary evidence underlying the modifications triggered by PGPR and their metabolites on the plant ecophysiology. We propose to detect PGPR-induced variations in the photosynthetic activity using leaf gas exchange and recommend setting up the correct timing for monitoring plant responses according to the specific objectives of the experiment. This research identifies the challenges and tries to provide future directions to scientists working on PGPR-plant interactions to exploit the potential of microorganisms' application in improving plant value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Abou Jaoudé
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Sun W, Luo X, Fang Y, Shiga YP, Zhang Y, Fisher JB, Keenan TF, Michalak AM. Biome-scale temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration revealed by atmospheric CO 2 observations. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1199-1210. [PMID: 37322104 PMCID: PMC10406605 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration regulates how the terrestrial carbon sink responds to a warming climate but has been difficult to constrain observationally beyond the plot scale. Here we use observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from a network of towers together with carbon flux estimates from state-of-the-art terrestrial biosphere models to characterize the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration, as represented by the Arrhenius activation energy, over various North American biomes. We infer activation energies of 0.43 eV for North America and 0.38 eV to 0.53 eV for major biomes therein, which are substantially below those reported for plot-scale studies (approximately 0.65 eV). This discrepancy suggests that sparse plot-scale observations do not capture the spatial-scale dependence and biome specificity of the temperature sensitivity. We further show that adjusting the apparent temperature sensitivity in model estimates markedly improves their ability to represent observed atmospheric CO2 variability. This study provides observationally constrained estimates of the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration directly at the biome scale and reveals that temperature sensitivities at this scale are lower than those based on earlier plot-scale studies. These findings call for additional work to assess the resilience of large-scale carbon sinks to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Sun
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Xiangzhong Luo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yoichi P Shiga
- Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA, USA
- , San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Michalak
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Basit F, Bhat JA, Alyemeni MN, Shah T, Ahmad P. Nitric oxide mitigates vanadium toxicity in soybean (Glycine max L.) by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131085. [PMID: 36870130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) induced hazardous effects posturing a serious concern on crop production as well as food security. However, the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated alleviation of V-induced oxidative stress in soybean seedlings is still unknown. Therefore, this research was designed to explore the effects of exogenous NO to mitigate the V-induced phytotoxicity in soybean plants. Our upshots disclosed that NO supplementation considerably improved the plant biomass, growth, and photosynthetic attributes by regulating the carbohydrates, and plants biochemical composition, which further improved the guard cells, and stomatal aperture of soybean leaves. Additionally, NO regulated the plant hormones, and phenolic profile which restricted the V contents absorption (65.6%), and translocation (57.9%) by maintaining the nutrient acquisition. Furthermore, it detoxified the excessive V contents, and upsurged the antioxidants defense mechanism to lower the MDA, and scavenge ROS production. The molecular analysis further verified the NO-based regulation of lipid, sugar production, and degradation as well as detoxification mechanism in the soybean seedlings. Exclusively, we elaborated very first time the behind mechanism of V-induced oxidative stress alleviation by exogenous NO, hence illustrating the NO supplementation role as a stress alleviating agent for soybean grown in V contaminated areas to elevate the crop development and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Basit
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Shah
- Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department for Agriculture (USDA), ARS, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir 192301, India.
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Wendering P, Nikoloski Z. Toward mechanistic modeling and rational engineering of plant respiration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2150-2166. [PMID: 36721968 PMCID: PMC10069892 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration not only provides energy to support all cellular processes, including biomass production, but also plays a major role in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, modulation of plant respiration can be used to both increase the plant yield and mitigate the effects of global climate change. Mechanistic modeling of plant respiration at sufficient biochemical detail can provide key insights for rational engineering of this process. Yet, despite its importance, plant respiration has attracted considerably less modeling effort in comparison to photosynthesis. In this update review, we highlight the advances made in modeling of plant respiration, emphasizing the gradual but important change from phenomenological to models based on first principles. We also provide a detailed account of the existing resources that can contribute to resolving the challenges in modeling plant respiration. These resources point at tangible improvements in the representation of cellular processes that contribute to CO2 evolution and consideration of kinetic properties of underlying enzymes to facilitate mechanistic modeling. The update review emphasizes the need to couple biochemical models of respiration with models of acclimation and adaptation of respiration for their effective usage in guiding breeding efforts and improving terrestrial biosphere models tailored to future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wendering
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Testolin R, Dalmonech D, Marano G, Bagnara M, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, Noce S, Collalti A. Simulating diverse forest management options in a changing climate on a Pinus nigra subsp. laricio plantation in Southern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159361. [PMID: 36252656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean pine plantations provide several ecosystem services but are vulnerable to climate change. Forest management might play a strategic role in the adaptation of Mediterranean forests, but the joint effect of climate change and diverse management options have seldom been investigated together. Here, we simulated the development of a Laricio pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) stand in the Bonis watershed (southern Italy) from its establishment in 1958 up to 2095 using a state-of-the-science process-based forest model. The model was run under three climate scenarios corresponding to increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration and warming, and six management options with different goals, including wood production and renaturalization. We analysed the effect of climate change on annual carbon fluxes (i.e., gross and net primary production) and stocks (i.e., basal area, standing and harvested carbon woody stocks) of the autotrophic compartment, as well as the impact of different management options compared to a no management baseline. Results show that higher temperatures (+3 to +5 °C) and lower precipitation (-20 % to -22 %) will trigger a decrease in net primary productivity in the second half of the century. Compared to no management, the other options had a moderate effect on carbon fluxes over the whole simulation (between -14 % and +11 %). While standing woody biomass was reduced by thinning interventions and the shelterwood system (between -5 % and -41 %), overall carbon stocks including the harvested wood were maximized (between +41 % and +56 %). Results highlight that management exerts greater effects on the carbon budget of Laricio pine plantations than climate change alone, and that climate change and management are largely independent (i.e., no strong interaction effects). Therefore, appropriate silvicultural strategies might enhance potential carbon stocks and improve forest conditions, with cascading positive effects on the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean pine plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Testolin
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy; BIOME Lab., Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per la Biodiversità Vegetale Big Data - PLANT DATA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; LifeWatch, Italy.
| | - Daniela Dalmonech
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gina Marano
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Bagnara
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiKF), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via G. Marconi n. 2, 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sergio Noce
- Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, Division Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (CMCC-IAFES), 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessio Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
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10
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Song Z, Zhao X, Dong Y, Bai L, Wang S, Gao M. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics with different functional groups on the accumulation and toxicity of Pb on dandelion. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136874. [PMID: 36270525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micro (Nano)plastics are ubiquitous in the environment and can potentially affect the toxic effects of other chemicals, such as heavy metals. Although the interaction of micro (nano)plastics and heavy metals as well as their effects on aquatic organisms have been widely investigated, studies on their influence on terrestrial plants are limited. Therefore, in this study, the effects of polystyrene (PS), carboxy-modified PS (CPS) and amino-modified PS (APS) nanoparticles on the accumulation and toxicity of Pb on dandelion (Taraxacum asiaticum Dahlst) were investigated using hydroponic cultivation. The presence of the three PS caused cell damage and destroyed the tertiary structure of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and dehydrogenase (DHA) enzymes, thereby inhibiting Rubisco and root activities, which hindered nutrient uptake and photosynthesis. The inhibition of APS on the biomass of dandelion was greater than that of PS and CPS. Confocal laser scanning microscope and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that APS was more likely to enter the roots of dandelion than PS and CPS. The presence of Pb induced more PS, CPS, and APS to enter dandelion roots, and Pb aggravated PS and CPS toxicities on dandelion rather than APS toxicity. This is because the complex formed by CPS and Pb can affect the structure of Rubisco and DHA through covalent and coordination bonds, and Pb increased the surface positive charge on CPS, according to Gaussian analysis. The presence of both PS and CPS significantly reduced Pb uptake by dandelion, and they did not exacerbate the toxicity of Pb. In contrast, APS slightly inhibited Pb accumulation, but aggravated Pb toxicity in dandelion. Our findings revealed that the changes in the uptake of nanoplastics and Pb by dandelion potentially resulted in a cascade of events that increased the toxicity and inhibited the growth of dandelion seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China
| | - Xuesong Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China
| | - Youming Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China
| | - Linsen Bai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Tianjin, Xiqing District, 300387, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063, China.
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11
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Mahnken M, Cailleret M, Collalti A, Trotta C, Biondo C, D'Andrea E, Dalmonech D, Marano G, Mäkelä A, Minunno F, Peltoniemi M, Trotsiuk V, Nadal-Sala D, Sabaté S, Vallet P, Aussenac R, Cameron DR, Bohn FJ, Grote R, Augustynczik ALD, Yousefpour R, Huber N, Bugmann H, Merganičová K, Merganic J, Valent P, Lasch-Born P, Hartig F, Vega Del Valle ID, Volkholz J, Gutsch M, Matteucci G, Krejza J, Ibrom A, Meesenburg H, Rötzer T, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, van der Maaten E, Reyer CPO. Accuracy, realism and general applicability of European forest models. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6921-6943. [PMID: 36117412 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forest models are instrumental for understanding and projecting the impact of climate change on forests. A considerable number of forest models have been developed in the last decades. However, few systematic and comprehensive model comparisons have been performed in Europe that combine an evaluation of modelled carbon and water fluxes and forest structure. We evaluate 13 widely used, state-of-the-art, stand-scale forest models against field measurements of forest structure and eddy-covariance data of carbon and water fluxes over multiple decades across an environmental gradient at nine typical European forest stands. We test the models' performance in three dimensions: accuracy of local predictions (agreement of modelled and observed annual data), realism of environmental responses (agreement of modelled and observed responses of daily gross primary productivity to temperature, radiation and vapour pressure deficit) and general applicability (proportion of European tree species covered). We find that multiple models are available that excel according to our three dimensions of model performance. For the accuracy of local predictions, variables related to forest structure have lower random and systematic errors than annual carbon and water flux variables. Moreover, the multi-model ensemble mean provided overall more realistic daily productivity responses to environmental drivers across all sites than any single individual model. The general applicability of the models is high, as almost all models are currently able to cover Europe's common tree species. We show that forest models complement each other in their response to environmental drivers and that there are several cases in which individual models outperform the model ensemble. Our framework provides a first step to capturing essential differences between forest models that go beyond the most commonly used accuracy of predictions. Overall, this study provides a point of reference for future model work aimed at predicting climate impacts and supporting climate mitigation and adaptation measures in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Mahnken
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Forest Growth and Woody Biomass Production, TU Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- UMR RECOVER, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
- Forest Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Lab, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Division Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Carlo Trotta
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Division Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Corrado Biondo
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Division Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (IAFES), Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Forest Modelling Lab, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Dalmonech
- Forest Modelling Lab, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Gina Marano
- Forest Modelling Lab, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) and Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesco Minunno
- Department of Forest Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) and Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Volodymyr Trotsiuk
- Forest Dynamics Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nadal-Sala
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Ecology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Sabaté
- Ecology Section, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF (Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Patrick Vallet
- LESSEM, INRAE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | | | - David R Cameron
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Friedrich J Bohn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Rasoul Yousefpour
- Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nica Huber
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Remote Sensing, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarina Merganičová
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
- Department of Biodiversity of Ecosystems and Landscape, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jan Merganic
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Valent
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Lasch-Born
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Volkholz
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Gutsch
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Forest Modelling Lab, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Jan Krejza
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Rötzer
- Forest Growth and Yield Science, TU München, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher P O Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Matos IF, Morales LMM, Santana DB, Silva GMC, Gomes MMDA, Ayub RA, Costa JH, de Oliveira JG. Ascorbate synthesis as an alternative electron source for mitochondrial respiration: Possible implications for the plant performance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987077. [PMID: 36507441 PMCID: PMC9727407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecule vitamin C, in the chemical form of ascorbic acid (AsA), is known to be essential for the metabolism of humans and animals. Humans do not produce AsA, so they depend on plants as a source of vitamin C for their food. The AsA synthesis pathway occurs partially in the cytosol, but the last oxidation step is physically linked to the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria. This oxidation step is catalyzed by l-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (l-GalLDH). This enzyme is not considered a limiting step for AsA production; however, it presents a distinguishing characteristic: the l-GalLDH can introduce electrons directly into the respiratory chain through cytochrome c (Cytc) and therefore can be considered an extramitochondrial electron source that bypasses the phosphorylating Complex III. The use of Cytc as electron acceptor has been debated in terms of its need for AsA synthesis, but little has been said in relation to its impact on the functioning of the respiratory chain. This work seeks to offer a new view about the possible changes that result of the link between AsA synthesis and the mitochondrial respiration. We hypothesized that some physiological alterations related to low AsA may be not only explained by the deficiency of this molecule but also by the changes in the respiratory function. We discussed some findings showing that respiratory mutants contained changes in AsA synthesis. Besides, recent works that also indicate that the excessive electron transport via l-GalLDH enzyme may affect other respiratory pathways. We proposed that Cytc reduction by l-GalLDH may be part of an alternative respiratory pathway that is active during AsA synthesis. Also, it is proposed that possible links of this pathway with other pathways of alternative electron transport in plant mitochondria may exist. The review suggests potential implications of this relationship, particularly for situations of stress. We hypothesized that this pathway of alternative electron input would serve as a strategy for adaptation of plant respiration to changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Faria Matos
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Diederson Bortolini Santana
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Michelle Cosme Silva
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mara Menezes de Assis Gomes
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Ayub
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Fruit Growing, Department of Phytotechny and Phytosanitary, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - José Hélio Costa
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Non-Institutional Competence Focus (NICFocus) ‘Functional Cell Reprogramming and Organism Plasticity’ (FunCROP), coordinated from Foros de Vale de Figueira, Alentejo, Portugal
| | - Jurandi Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Plant Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Salomón RL, De Roo L, Oleksyn J, Steppe K. Mechanistic drivers of stem respiration: A modelling exercise across species and seasons. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1270-1285. [PMID: 34914118 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem respiration (RS ) plays a crucial role in plant carbon budgets. However, its poor understanding limits our ability to model woody tissue and whole-tree respiration. A biophysical model of stem water and carbon fluxes (TReSpire) was calibrated on cedar, maple and oak trees during spring and late summer. For this, stem sap flow, water potential, diameter variation, temperature, CO2 efflux, allometry and biochemistry were monitored. Shoot photosynthesis (PN ) and nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) were additionally measured to evaluate source-sink relations. The highest RS and stem growth was found in maple and oak during spring, both being seasonally decoupled from PN and [NSC]. Temperature largely affected maintenance respiration (RM ) in the short term, but temperature-normalized RM was highly variable on a seasonal timescale. Overall, most of the respired CO2 radially diffused to the atmosphere (>87%) while the remainder was transported upward with the transpiration stream. The modelling exercise highlights the sink-driven behaviour of RS and the significance of overall metabolic activity on nitrogen (N) allocation patterns and N-normalized respiratory costs to capture RS variability over the long term. These insights should be considered when modelling plant respiration, whose representation is currently biased towards a better understanding of leaf metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linus De Roo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Körnik, Poland
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Chiewchankaset P, Thaiprasit J, Kalapanulak S, Wojciechowski T, Boonjing P, Saithong T. Effective Metabolic Carbon Utilization and Shoot-to-Root Partitioning Modulate Distinctive Yield in High Yielding Cassava Variety. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832304. [PMID: 35251103 PMCID: PMC8888839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing cassava production could mitigate one of the global food insecurity challenges by providing a sustainable food source. To improve the yield potential, physiological strategies (i.e., the photosynthetic efficiency, source-to-sink carbon partitioning, and intracellular carbon metabolism) can be applied in breeding to screen for superior genotypes. However, the influences of source-to-sink carbon partitioning and carbon metabolism on the storage root development of cassava are relatively little understood. We hypothesized that carbon partitioning and utilization vary modulating the distinctive storage root yields of high and low-yielding cassava varieties, represented in this study by varieties Kasetsart 50 (KU50) and Hanatee (HN), respectively. Plant growth, photosynthesis measurements, soluble sugars, and starch contents of individual tissues were analyzed at different developmental stages. Also, the diurnal patterns of starch accumulation and degradation in leaves were investigated through iodine staining. Despite a comparable photosynthetic rate, KU50 grew better and yielded greater storage roots than HN. Interestingly, both varieties differed in their carbon partitioning strategies. KU50 had a high photosynthetic capacity and was better efficient in converting photoassimilates to carbon substrates and allocating them to sink organs for their growth. In contrast, HN utilized the photoassimilates at a high metabolic cost, in terms of respiration, and inefficiently allocated carbon to stems rather than storage roots. These results highlighted that carbon assimilation and allocation are genetic potential characteristics of individual varieties, which in effect determine plant growth and storage root yield of cassava. The knowledge gained from this study sheds light on potential strategies for developing new high-yielding genotypes in cassava breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porntip Chiewchankaset
- Center for Agricultural Systems Biology (CASB), Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jittrawan Thaiprasit
- Center for Agricultural Systems Biology (CASB), Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Kalapanulak
- Center for Agricultural Systems Biology (CASB), Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tobias Wojciechowski
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
- Institute of Biosciences and Geosciences (IBG-2): Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patwira Boonjing
- Center for Agricultural Systems Biology (CASB), Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Treenut Saithong
- Center for Agricultural Systems Biology (CASB), Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Research Group, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (Bang Khun Thian), Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Fang Y, Hou Y, Fu X, Wang X. Semiconducting Polymers for Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Light Illumination. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4204-4256. [PMID: 35025505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel has stimulated intensive scientific interest, as this technology has the potential to revolutionize fossil fuel-based energy systems in modern society. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) determines the performance of overall water splitting owing to its sluggish kinetics with multielectron transfer processing. Polymeric photocatalysts have recently been developed for the OER, and substantial progress has been realized in this emerging research field. In this Review, the focus is on the photocatalytic technologies and materials of polymeric photocatalysts for the OER. Two practical systems, namely, particle suspension systems and film-based photoelectrochemical systems, form two main sections. The concept is reviewed in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics, and polymeric photocatalysts are discussed based on three key characteristics, namely, light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface oxidation reactions. A satisfactory OER performance by polymeric photocatalysts will eventually offer a platform to achieve overall water splitting and other advanced applications in a cost-effective, sustainable, and renewable manner using solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxing Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
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16
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de Wergifosse L, André F, Goosse H, Boczon A, Cecchini S, Ciceu A, Collalti A, Cools N, D'Andrea E, De Vos B, Hamdi R, Ingerslev M, Knudsen MA, Kowalska A, Leca S, Matteucci G, Nord-Larsen T, Sanders TG, Schmitz A, Termonia P, Vanguelova E, Van Schaeybroeck B, Verstraeten A, Vesterdal L, Jonard M. Simulating tree growth response to climate change in structurally diverse oak and beech forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150422. [PMID: 34852431 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to simulate oak and beech forest growth under various scenarios of climate change and to evaluate how the forest response depends on site properties and particularly on stand characteristics using the individual process-based model HETEROFOR. First, this model was evaluated on a wide range of site conditions. We used data from 36 long-term forest monitoring plots to initialize, calibrate, and evaluate HETEROFOR. This evaluation showed that HETEROFOR predicts individual tree radial growth and height increment reasonably well under different growing conditions when evaluated on independent sites. In our simulations under constant CO2 concentration ([CO2]cst) for the 2071-2100 period, climate change induced a moderate net primary production (NPP) gain in continental and mountainous zones and no change in the oceanic zone. The NPP changes were negatively affected by air temperature during the vegetation period and by the annual rainfall decrease. To a lower extent, they were influenced by soil extractable water reserve and stand characteristics. These NPP changes were positively affected by longer vegetation periods and negatively by drought for beech and larger autotrophic respiration costs for oak. For both species, the NPP gain was much larger with rising CO2 concentration ([CO2]var) mainly due to the CO2 fertilisation effect. Even if the species composition and structure had a limited influence on the forest response to climate change, they explained a large part of the NPP variability (44% and 34% for [CO2]cst and [CO2]var, respectively) compared to the climate change scenario (5% and 29%) and the inter-annual climate variability (20% and 16%). This gives the forester the possibility to act on the productivity of broadleaved forests and prepare them for possible adverse effects of climate change by reinforcing their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Wergifosse
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Earth and Life Institute: Earth and Climate, UCLouvain, 3, Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Frédéric André
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hugues Goosse
- Earth and Life Institute: Earth and Climate, UCLouvain, 3, Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Boczon
- Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ul. Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Sébastien Cecchini
- Office National des Forêts, Département Recherche-Développement-Innovation, Bâtiment B, Boulevard de Constance, 77300 Fontainebleau, France
| | - Albert Ciceu
- Forest Management Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry INCDS Marin Drăcea, 128, Bulevardul Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania; Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, "Transilvania" University, 1 Ludwig van Beethoven Str., 500123 Braşov, Romania
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, PG, Italy; Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy 8 (CNR-ISAFOM), P. le Enrico Fermi 1 Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Bruno De Vos
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Rafiq Hamdi
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Morten Ingerslev
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Morten Alban Knudsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ul. Braci Lesnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | - Stefan Leca
- Forest Management Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry INCDS Marin Drăcea, 128, Bulevardul Eroilor, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Thomas Nord-Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tanja Gm Sanders
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, Alfred-Moeller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 1, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; State Agency for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection of North Rhine-Westphalia, 10, Leibnizstraße, 45659 Recklinghausen, Germany; Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, 1, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Piet Termonia
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 86, Proeftuinstraat, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Vanguelova
- Centre of Ecosystem, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Bert Van Schaeybroeck
- Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, 3, Avenue circulaire, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arne Verstraeten
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), 4, Gaverstraat, 9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mathieu Jonard
- Earth and Life Institute: Environmental Sciences, UCLouvain, 1, Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Tang X, Shi Y, Luo X, Liu L, Jian J, Bond-Lamberty B, Hao D, Olchev A, Zhang W, Gao S, Li J. A decreasing carbon allocation to belowground autotrophic respiration in global forest ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149273. [PMID: 34378544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Belowground autotrophic respiration (RAsoil) depends on carbohydrates from photosynthesis flowing to roots and rhizospheres, and is one of the most important but least understood components in forest carbon cycling. Carbon allocation plays an important role in forest carbon cycling and reflects forest adaptation to changing environmental conditions. However, carbon allocation to RAsoil has not been fully examined at the global scale. To fill this knowledge gap, we first used a Random Forest algorithm to predict the spatio-temporal patterns of RAsoil from 1981 to 2017 based on the most updated Global Soil Respiration Database (v5) with global environmental variables; calculated carbon allocation from photosynthesis to RAsoil (CAB) as a fraction of gross primary production; and assessed its temporal and spatial patterns in global forest ecosystems. Globally, mean RAsoil from forests was 8.9 ± 0.08 Pg C yr-1 (mean ± standard deviation) from 1981 to 2017 and increased significantly at a rate of 0.006 Pg C yr-2, paralleling broader soil respiration changes and suggesting increasing carbon respired by roots. Mean CAB was 0.243 ± 0.016 and decreased over time. The temporal trend of CAB varied greatly in space, reflecting uneven responses of CAB to environmental changes. Combined with carbon use efficiency, our CAB results offer a completely independent approach to quantify global aboveground autotropic respiration spatially and temporally, and could provide crucial insights into carbon flux partitioning and global carbon cycling under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Tang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & WaterPollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Yuehong Shi
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinruo Luo
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinshi Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Dalei Hao
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Olchev
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sicong Gao
- CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Centre for Applied Water Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jingji Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & WaterPollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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18
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Cai M, An C, Guy C, Lu C, Mafakheri F. Assessing the regional biogenic methanol emission from spring wheat during the growing season: A Canadian case study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117602. [PMID: 34182392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a volatile organic compound existing in the atmosphere, methanol plays a key role in atmospheric chemistry due to its comparatively high abundance and long lifetime. Croplands are a significant source of biogenic methanol, but there is a lack of systematic assessment for the production and emission of methanol from crops in various phases. In this study, methanol emissions from spring wheat during the growing period were estimated using a developed emission model. The temporal and spatial variations of methanol emissions of spring wheat in a Canadian province were investigated. The averaged methanol emission of spring wheat is found to be 37.94 ± 7.5 μg·m-2·h-1, increasing from north to south and exhibiting phenological peak to valley characteristics. Moreover, cold crop districts are projected to be with higher increase in air temperature and consequent methanol emissions during 2020-2099. Furthermore, the seasonality of methanol emissions is found to be positively correlated to concentrations of CO, filterable particulate matter, and PM10 but negatively related to NO2 and O3. The uncertainty and sensitivity analysis results suggest that methanol emissions show a Gamma probabilistic distribution, and growth length, air temperature, solar radiation and leafage are the most important influencing variables. In most cases, methanol emissions increase with air temperature in the range of 3-35 °C while the excessive temperature may result in decreased methanol emissions because of inactivated enzyme activity or increased instant methanol emissions due to heat injury. Notably, induced emission might be the major source of biogenic methanol of mature leaves. The results of this study can be used to develop appropriate strategies for regional emission management of cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Cai
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Chunjiang An
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Christophe Guy
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Chen Lu
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Mafakheri
- Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
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19
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D'Andrea E, Scartazza A, Battistelli A, Collalti A, Proietti S, Rezaie N, Matteucci G, Moscatello S. Unravelling resilience mechanisms in forests: role of non-structural carbohydrates in responding to extreme weather events. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1808-1818. [PMID: 33823054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events are increasing in frequency and intensity due to global climate change. We hypothesized that tree carbon reserves are crucial for resilience of beech, buffering the source-sink imbalance due to late frosts and summer droughts, and that different components of non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) play specific roles in coping with stressful situations. To assess the compound effects on mature trees of two extreme weather events, first a late frost in spring 2016 and then a drought in summer 2017, we monitored the phenology, radial growth and the dynamics of starch and soluble sugars in a Mediterranean beech forest. A growth reduction of 85% was observed after the spring late frost, yet not after the drought event. We observed a strong impact of late frost on starch, which also affected its dynamic at the beginning of the subsequent vegetative season. In 2017, the increase of soluble sugars, associated with starch hydrolysis, played a crucial role in coping with the severe summer drought. Non-structural carbohydrates helped to counteract the negative effects of both events, supporting plant survival and buffering source-sink imbalances under stressful conditions. Our findings indicate a strong trade-off between growth and NSC storage in trees. Overall, our results highlight the key role of NSCs on beech trees, response to extreme weather events, confirming the resilience of this species to highly stressful events. These insights are useful for assessing how forests may respond to the potential impacts of climate change on ecosystem processes in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore D'Andrea
- Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), P. le Enrico Fermi 1 - Loc. Porto del Granatello, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, Terni, Italy
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling Laboratory, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, Terni, Italy
| | - Negar Rezaie
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, Terni, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- Institute for BioEconomy, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRET), via Marconi 2, 05010 Porano, Terni, Italy
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20
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Wang M, Mori S, Kurosawa Y, Ferrio JP, Yamaji K, Koyama K. Consistent scaling of whole-shoot respiration between Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and trees. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:989-997. [PMID: 34115233 PMCID: PMC8364903 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Both Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and tree forests have a large biomass; they are considered to play an important role in ecosystem carbon budgets. The scaling relationship between individual whole-shoot (i.e., aboveground parts) respiration and whole-shoot mass provides a clue for comparing the carbon budgets of Moso bamboo and tree forests. However, nobody has empirically demonstrated whether there is a difference between these forest types in the whole-shoot scaling relationship. We developed whole-shoot chambers and measured the shoot respiration of 58 individual mature bamboo shoots from the smallest to the largest in a Moso bamboo forest, and then compared them with that of 254 tree shoots previously measured. For 30 bamboo shoots, we measured the respiration rate of leaves, branches, and culms. We found that the scaling exponent of whole-shoot respiration of bamboo fitted by a simple power function on a log-log scale was 0.843 (95 % CI 0.797-0.885), which was consistent with that of trees, 0.826 (95 % CI 0.799-0.851), but higher than 3/4, the value typifying the Kleiber's rule. The respiration rates of leaves, branches, and culms at the whole-shoot level were proportional to their mass, revealing a constant mean mass-specific respiration of 1.19, 0.224, and 0.0978 µmol CO2 kg- 1 s- 1, respectively. These constant values suggest common traits of organs among physiologically integrated ramets within a genet. Additionally, the larger the shoots, the smaller the allocation of organ mass to the metabolically active leaves, and the larger the allocation to the metabolically inactive culms. Therefore, these shifts in shoot-mass partitioning to leaves and culms caused a negative metabolic scaling of Moso bamboo shoots. The observed convergent metabolic scaling of Moso bamboo and trees may facilitate comparisons of the ecosystem carbon budgets of Moso bamboo and tree forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mofei Wang
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeta Mori
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoko Kurosawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Forest Resources, Agrifood Research and Technology Centre of Aragon (CITA), 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Koyama
- Department of Agro-environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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21
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Maréchaux I, Langerwisch F, Huth A, Bugmann H, Morin X, Reyer CP, Seidl R, Collalti A, Dantas de Paula M, Fischer R, Gutsch M, Lexer MJ, Lischke H, Rammig A, Rödig E, Sakschewski B, Taubert F, Thonicke K, Vacchiano G, Bohn FJ. Tackling unresolved questions in forest ecology: The past and future role of simulation models. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3746-3770. [PMID: 33976773 PMCID: PMC8093733 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that shape forest functioning, structure, and diversity remains challenging, although data on forest systems are being collected at a rapid pace and across scales. Forest models have a long history in bridging data with ecological knowledge and can simulate forest dynamics over spatio-temporal scales unreachable by most empirical investigations.We describe the development that different forest modelling communities have followed to underpin the leverage that simulation models offer for advancing our understanding of forest ecosystems.Using three widely applied but contrasting approaches - species distribution models, individual-based forest models, and dynamic global vegetation models - as examples, we show how scientific and technical advances have led models to transgress their initial objectives and limitations. We provide an overview of recent model applications on current important ecological topics and pinpoint ten key questions that could, and should, be tackled with forest models in the next decade.Synthesis. This overview shows that forest models, due to their complementarity and mutual enrichment, represent an invaluable toolkit to address a wide range of fundamental and applied ecological questions, hence fostering a deeper understanding of forest dynamics in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Langerwisch
- Department of Ecology and Environmental SciencesPalacký University OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental ModelingCzech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Andreas Huth
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Environmental Systems ResearchOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest EcologyInstitute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Xavier Morin
- EPHECEFECNRSUniv MontpellierUniv Paul Valéry MontpellierIRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Christopher P.O. Reyer
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | - Rupert Seidl
- Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Alessio Collalti
- Forest Modelling LabInstitute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the MediterraneanNational Research Council of Italy (CNR‐ISAFOM)Perugia (PG)Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro‐food and Forest SystemsUniversity of TusciaViterboItaly
| | | | - Rico Fischer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Martin Gutsch
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Heike Lischke
- Dynamic MacroecologyLand Change ScienceSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Anja Rammig
- TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Edna Rödig
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Boris Sakschewski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | | | - Kirsten Thonicke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)Member of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
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22
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Model-Based Estimation of Amazonian Forests Recovery Time after Drought and Fire Events. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, droughts, deforestation and wildfires have become recurring phenomena that have heavily affected both human activities and natural ecosystems in Amazonia. The time needed for an ecosystem to recover from carbon losses is a crucial metric to evaluate disturbance impacts on forests. However, little is known about the impacts of these disturbances, alone and synergistically, on forest recovery time and the resulting spatiotemporal patterns at the regional scale. In this study, we combined the 3-PG forest growth model, remote sensing and field derived equations, to map the Amazonia-wide (3 km of spatial resolution) impact and recovery time of aboveground biomass (AGB) after drought, fire and a combination of logging and fire. Our results indicate that AGB decreases by 4%, 19% and 46% in forests affected by drought, fire and logging + fire, respectively, with an average AGB recovery time of 27 years for drought, 44 years for burned and 63 years for logged + burned areas and with maximum values reaching 184 years in areas of high fire intensity. Our findings provide two major insights in the spatial and temporal patterns of drought and wildfire in the Amazon: (1) the recovery time of the forests takes longer in the southeastern part of the basin, and, (2) as droughts and wildfires become more frequent—since the intervals between the disturbances are getting shorter than the rate of forest regeneration—the long lasting damage they cause potentially results in a permanent and increasing carbon losses from these fragile ecosystems.
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23
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Meng F, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Wang Y, Duan J, Wang Q, Li B, Liu P, Hong H, Lv W, Renzeng W, Wang Z, Luo C, Dorji T, Zhou H, Du M, Luo Y, Wang S. Enhanced spring temperature sensitivity of carbon emission links to earlier phenology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140999. [PMID: 32738686 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenology has a great effect on the carbon cycle. Significant relationships have been well demonstrated between phenology and photosynthesis. However, few studies have been undertaken to characterize relationships between phenology and ecosystem respiration (Re). We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment among three elevations for two-years to measure Re over six phenological sequences throughout the growing seasons. Our results showed that changes in phenological duration were mainly determined by the onset of phenology, as one day advance of phenological onset could lengthen 0.13 days of phenological duration. Advances in early spring phenophases (i.e., first leaf-out, first bud/boot-set and first flowering) under warming strengthened the temperature sensitivity of Re. However, the late phenophases (i.e., first seeding-set, first post-fruiting vegetation and first leaf-coloring) had non-significant relationships with Re. In total, after pooling all the data, one day advance of phenophases would increase Re by 2.23% under warming. In particular, Re would increase by 29.12% with an advance of phenophases by 8.46 days of under a 1.5 °C warming scenario. Our analysis of the coupling between temperature/moisture-phenology-Re may further supplement evidence that warmer spring temperature increases carbon emission by advancing early phenophases. This points to a faster and easier way to investigate how aboveground functional traits (phenology) affect unseen functional traits (Re) on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Xining 810008, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jichuang Duan
- Binhai Research Institute in Tianjin, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wangwang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wangmu Renzeng
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhezhen Wang
- The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences Division, 5801 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Caiyun Luo
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Xining 810008, China
| | - Tsechoe Dorji
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Xining 810008, China
| | - Mingyuan Du
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (Ecoss), Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Shiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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24
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Collalti A, Ibrom A, Stockmarr A, Cescatti A, Alkama R, Fernández-Martínez M, Matteucci G, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Ciais P, Goll DS, Nabel JEMS, Pongratz J, Arneth A, Haverd V, Prentice IC. Forest production efficiency increases with growth temperature. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5322. [PMID: 33087724 PMCID: PMC7578801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest production efficiency (FPE) metric describes how efficiently the assimilated carbon is partitioned into plants organs (biomass production, BP) or-more generally-for the production of organic matter (net primary production, NPP). We present a global analysis of the relationship of FPE to stand-age and climate, based on a large compilation of data on gross primary production and either BP or NPP. FPE is important for both forest production and atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake. We find that FPE increases with absolute latitude, precipitation and (all else equal) with temperature. Earlier findings-FPE declining with age-are also supported by this analysis. However, the temperature effect is opposite to what would be expected based on the short-term physiological response of respiration rates to temperature, implying a top-down regulation of carbon loss, perhaps reflecting the higher carbon costs of nutrient acquisition in colder climates. Current ecosystem models do not reproduce this phenomenon. They consistently predict lower FPE in warmer climates, and are therefore likely to overestimate carbon losses in a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), 06128, Perugia (PG), Italy
- University of Tuscia, Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A Ibrom
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Environmental Engineering, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - A Stockmarr
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - R Alkama
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
| | - M Fernández-Martínez
- Research group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - G Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for BioEconomy (IBE), 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - S Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - P Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - P Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et del'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - D S Goll
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - J E M S Nabel
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Pongratz
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Luisenstr 37, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - A Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - V Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - I C Prentice
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
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25
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D'Andrea E, Rezaie N, Prislan P, Gričar J, Collalti A, Muhr J, Matteucci G. Frost and drought: Effects of extreme weather events on stem carbon dynamics in a Mediterranean beech forest. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2365-2379. [PMID: 32705694 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of short-term extreme events on tree functioning and physiology are still rather elusive. European beech is one of the most sensitive species to late frost and water shortage. We investigated the intra-annual C dynamics in stems under such conditions. Wood formation and stem CO2 efflux were monitored in a Mediterranean beech forest for 3 years (2015-2017), including a late frost (2016) and a summer drought (2017). The late frost reduced radial growth and, consequently, the amount of carbon fixed in the stem biomass by 80%. Stem carbon dioxide efflux in 2016 was reduced by 25%, which can be attributed to the reduction of effluxes due to growth respiration. Counter to our expectations, we found no effects of the 2017 summer drought on radial growth and stem carbon efflux. The studied extreme weather events had various effects on tree growth. Even though late spring frost had a strong impact on beech radial growth in the current year, trees fully recovered in the following growing season, indicating high resilience of beech to this stressful event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore D'Andrea
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, Naples, Italy
| | - Negar Rezaie
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, Naples, Italy
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Jan Muhr
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Ercolano, Naples, Italy
- Institute for BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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26
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Abstract
Pure polyethylene (PE) is enriched with several additives to make it a smart application material in protected cultivation, as a cover material for either greenhouses or screenhouses. When this material completely or partially absorbs ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation, then it is called UV blocking material. The current work presents a review on the effects of the UV blocking covering materials on crop growth and development. Despite the passage of several years and the evolution of the design technology of plastic greenhouse covers, UV blocking materials have not ceased to be a rather interesting technique for the protection of several vegetable and ornamental species. Much of the research on UV blocking materials focuses on their indisputable effect on reducing the activity of pests and viral-related diseases, rather than on the effects on the crop physiology itself. In the present paper, representative studies dealing with the effect of the UV blocking materials on the agronomic factors of different crops are presented and discussed. The results reveal that UV blocking materials have mainly positive effects on the different plant physiological functions, such as photosynthesis and transpiration rate, and on growth characteristics, while they might have a negative effect on the production and content of secondary compounds, as anthocyanins and total phenolics.
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27
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Small-Scale Forest Structure Influences Spatial Variability of Belowground Carbon Fluxes in a Mature Mediterranean Beech Forest. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The tree belowground compartment, especially fine roots, plays a relevant role in the forest ecosystem carbon (C) cycle, contributing largely to soil CO2 efflux (SR) and to net primary production (NPP). Beyond the well-known role of environmental drivers on fine root production (FRP) and SR, other determinants such as forest structure are still poorly understood. We investigated spatial variability of FRP, SR, forest structural traits, and their reciprocal interactions in a mature beech forest in the Mediterranean mountains. In the year of study, FRP resulted in the main component of NPP and explained about 70% of spatial variability of SR. Moreover, FRP was strictly driven by leaf area index (LAI) and soil water content (SWC). These results suggest a framework of close interactions between structural and functional forest features at the local scale to optimize C source–sink relationships under climate variability in a Mediterranean mature beech forest.
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