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Bansal S, Creed IF, Tangen BA, Bridgham SD, Desai AR, Krauss KW, Neubauer SC, Noe GB, Rosenberry DO, Trettin C, Wickland KP, Allen ST, Arias-Ortiz A, Armitage AR, Baldocchi D, Banerjee K, Bastviken D, Berg P, Bogard MJ, Chow AT, Conner WH, Craft C, Creamer C, DelSontro T, Duberstein JA, Eagle M, Fennessy MS, Finkelstein SA, Göckede M, Grunwald S, Halabisky M, Herbert E, Jahangir MMR, Johnson OF, Jones MC, Kelleway JJ, Knox S, Kroeger KD, Kuehn KA, Lobb D, Loder AL, Ma S, Maher DT, McNicol G, Meier J, Middleton BA, Mills C, Mistry P, Mitra A, Mobilian C, Nahlik AM, Newman S, O’Connell JL, Oikawa P, van der Burg MP, Schutte CA, Song C, Stagg CL, Turner J, Vargas R, Waldrop MP, Wallin MB, Wang ZA, Ward EJ, Willard DA, Yarwood S, Zhu X. Practical Guide to Measuring Wetland Carbon Pools and Fluxes. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2023; 43:105. [PMID: 38037553 PMCID: PMC10684704 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands cover a small portion of the world, but have disproportionate influence on global carbon (C) sequestration, carbon dioxide and methane emissions, and aquatic C fluxes. However, the underlying biogeochemical processes that affect wetland C pools and fluxes are complex and dynamic, making measurements of wetland C challenging. Over decades of research, many observational, experimental, and analytical approaches have been developed to understand and quantify pools and fluxes of wetland C. Sampling approaches range in their representation of wetland C from short to long timeframes and local to landscape spatial scales. This review summarizes common and cutting-edge methodological approaches for quantifying wetland C pools and fluxes. We first define each of the major C pools and fluxes and provide rationale for their importance to wetland C dynamics. For each approach, we clarify what component of wetland C is measured and its spatial and temporal representativeness and constraints. We describe practical considerations for each approach, such as where and when an approach is typically used, who can conduct the measurements (expertise, training requirements), and how approaches are conducted, including considerations on equipment complexity and costs. Finally, we review key covariates and ancillary measurements that enhance the interpretation of findings and facilitate model development. The protocols that we describe to measure soil, water, vegetation, and gases are also relevant for related disciplines such as ecology. Improved quality and consistency of data collection and reporting across studies will help reduce global uncertainties and develop management strategies to use wetlands as nature-based climate solutions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01722-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Bansal
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Irena F. Creed
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brian A. Tangen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Scott D. Bridgham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR USA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ken W. Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Scott C. Neubauer
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Gregory B. Noe
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | | | - Carl Trettin
- U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA USA
| | - Kimberly P. Wickland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Scott T. Allen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV USA
| | - Ariane Arias-Ortiz
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Anna R. Armitage
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Kakoli Banerjee
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation of Natural Resources, Central University of Odisha, Koraput, Odisha India
| | - David Bastviken
- Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Berg
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew J. Bogard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Alex T. Chow
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - William H. Conner
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Christopher Craft
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Courtney Creamer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Tonya DelSontro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jamie A. Duberstein
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC USA
| | - Meagan Eagle
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | | | | | - Mathias Göckede
- Department for Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine Grunwald
- Soil, Water and Ecosystem Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Meghan Halabisky
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | | | - Olivia F. Johnson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH USA
| | - Miriam C. Jones
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelleway
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences and Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Sara Knox
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin D. Kroeger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Kevin A. Kuehn
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - David Lobb
- Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada
| | - Amanda L. Loder
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shizhou Ma
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Damien T. Maher
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW Australia
| | - Gavin McNicol
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jacob Meier
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Beth A. Middleton
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Christopher Mills
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Denver, CO USA
| | - Purbasha Mistry
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Abhijit Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal India
| | - Courtney Mobilian
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Amanda M. Nahlik
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Sue Newman
- South Florida Water Management District, Everglades Systems Assessment Section, West Palm Beach, FL USA
| | - Jessica L. O’Connell
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Patty Oikawa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA USA
| | - Max Post van der Burg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND USA
| | - Charles A. Schutte
- Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Camille L. Stagg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Jessica Turner
- Freshwater and Marine Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE USA
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- U.S. Geological Survey, Geology, Minerals, Energy and Geophysics Science Center, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Marcus B. Wallin
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA USA
| | - Eric J. Ward
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA USA
| | - Debra A. Willard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA USA
| | - Stephanie Yarwood
- Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, China
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Sun FS, Ma C, Yu GH, Kuzyakov Y, Lang YC, Fu PQ, Guo LJ, Teng HH, Liu CQ. Organic carbon preservation in wetlands: Iron oxide protection vs. thermodynamic limitation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 241:120133. [PMID: 37262945 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sequestration of organic carbon (OC) in wetland sediments is influenced by the presence of oxygen or lack thereof. The mechanisms of OC sequestration under redox fluctuations, particularly by the co-mediation of reactive iron (Fe) protection and thermodynamic limitation by the energetics of the OC itself, remain unclear. Over the past 26 years, a combination of field surveys and remote sensing images had revealed a strong decline in both natural and constructed wetland areas in Tianjin. This decline could be attributed to anthropogenic landfill practices and agricultural reclamation efforts, which may have significant impacts on the oxidation-reduction conditions for sedimentary OC. The Fe-bound OC (CBD extraction) decreased by 2 to 10-fold (from 8.3 to 10% to 0.7-4.5%) with increasing sediment depth at three sites with varying water depths (WD). The high-resolution spectro-microscopy analysis demonstrated that Fe (oxyhydr)oxides were colocalized with sedimentary OC. Corresponding to lower redox potential, the nominal oxidation state of C (NOSC), which corresponds to the energy content in OC, became more negative (energy content increased) with increasing sediment depth. Taken together, the preservation of sedimentary OC is contingent on the prevailing redox conditions: In environments where oxygen availability is high, reactive Fe provides protection for OC, while in anoxic environments, thermodynamic constraints (i.e., energetic constraints) limit the oxidation of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Gottingen, 37077 Gottingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yun-Chao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ping-Qing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li-Jun Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Geological Survey, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hui Henry Teng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20006, United States
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station, Tianjin 300072, China
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Anthony TL, Szutu DJ, Verfaillie JG, Baldocchi DD, Silver WL. Carbon-sink potential of continuous alfalfa agriculture lowered by short-term nitrous oxide emission events. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1926. [PMID: 37024458 PMCID: PMC10079834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is the most widely grown forage crop worldwide and is thought to be a significant carbon sink due to high productivity, extensive root systems, and nitrogen-fixation. However, these conditions may increase nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions thus lowering the climate change mitigation potential. We used a suite of long-term automated instrumentation and satellite imagery to quantify patterns and drivers of greenhouse gas fluxes in a continuous alfalfa agroecosystem in California. We show that this continuous alfalfa system was a large N2O source (624 ± 28 mg N2O m2 y-1), offsetting the ecosystem carbon (carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)) sink by up to 14% annually. Short-term N2O emissions events (i.e., hot moments) accounted for ≤1% of measurements but up to 57% of annual emissions. Seasonal and daily trends in rainfall and irrigation were the primary drivers of hot moments of N2O emissions. Significant coherence between satellite-derived photosynthetic activity and N2O fluxes suggested plant activity was an important driver of background emissions. Combined data show annual N2O emissions can significantly lower the carbon-sink potential of continuous alfalfa agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L Anthony
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Daphne J Szutu
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joseph G Verfaillie
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dennis D Baldocchi
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Li M, Li J, Zhao L, Liu S, Wang Y, Bian H. Effects of exogenous Fe addition on soil respiration rate and dissolved organic carbon structure in temperate forest swamps of northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114800. [PMID: 36379233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fe as an important redox-active transition metal plays a key role in the carbon cycle of ecosystems. To date, the mechanisms by which Fe affects organic carbon (soil respiration rate [Rs] and dissolved organic carbon [DOC] structure) remain unclear, because most studies only focused on the effect of Fe on soil organic carbon content. To understand these effects, a 30-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using forest swamp soils from northeastern China amended with different concentrations of exogenous Fe (no exogenous Fe added [L0], add exogenous Fe at 1 time the soil background value [L1], add exogenous Fe at 2 times the soil background value [L2]). Our results showed that exogenous Fe addition reduced the soil respiration rate by 54.8% during the incubation time. The DOC concentration decreased by 40.5% with exogenous Fe addition during the incubation time. The dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristic parameters showed apparent variations (p < 0.05), including significant increases in the fluorescence and biological index and significant decreases in the humification index, which indicate that exogenous Fe addition reduced humification, which may lead to the increased fixation of dissolved organic carbon. In addition significant increases in tryptophan-like DOM was observed when exogenous Fe addition resulted in a soil Fe concentration of twice the background value (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that exogenous Fe addition promotes the production of endogenous soil DOC by microorganisms. Overall, Our study uses three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy techniques combined with the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to characterize the dissolved organic matter components in soil samples under exogenous Fe addition conditions, with a view to exploring the differences in the effects of Fe on the DOC concentration and structure of wetland soils, providing a theoretical basis for the mechanisms of soil carbon fixation and soil organic matter transformation in wetland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Shengfeng Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| | - Hongfeng Bian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Baumbauer CL, Goodrich PJ, Payne ME, Anthony T, Beckstoffer C, Toor A, Silver W, Arias AC. Printed Potentiometric Nitrate Sensors for Use in Soil. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114095. [PMID: 35684715 PMCID: PMC9185318 DOI: 10.3390/s22114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant-available nitrogen, often in the form of nitrate, is an essential nutrient for plant growth. However, excessive nitrate in the environment and watershed has harmful impacts on natural ecosystems and consequently human health. A distributed network of nitrate sensors could help to quantify and monitor nitrogen in agriculture and the environment. Here, we have developed fully printed potentiometric nitrate sensors and characterized their sensitivity and selectivity to nitrate. Each sensor comprises an ion-selective electrode and a reference electrode that are functionalized with polymeric membranes. The sensitivity of the printed ion-selective electrodes was characterized by measuring their potential with respect to a commercial silver/silver chloride reference electrode in varying concentrations of nitrate solutions. The sensitivity of the printed reference electrodes to nitrate was minimized with a membrane containing polyvinyl butyral (PVB), sodium chloride, and sodium nitrate. Selectivity studies with sulphate, chloride, phosphate, nitrite, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium showed that high concentrations of calcium can influence sensor behavior. The printed ion-selective and reference electrodes were combined to form a fully printed sensor with sensitivity of −48.0 ± 3.3 mV/dec between 0.62 and 6200 ppm nitrate in solution and −47 ± 4.1 mV/dec in peat soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol L. Baumbauer
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (C.L.B.); (M.E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Payton J. Goodrich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Margaret E. Payne
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (C.L.B.); (M.E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Tyler Anthony
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (T.A.); (C.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Claire Beckstoffer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (T.A.); (C.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Anju Toor
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (C.L.B.); (M.E.P.); (A.T.)
| | - Whendee Silver
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (T.A.); (C.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Ana Claudia Arias
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (C.L.B.); (M.E.P.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Han Y, Qu C, Hu X, Wang P, Wan D, Cai P, Rong X, Chen W, Huang Q. Warming and humidification mediated changes of DOM composition in an Alfisol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150198. [PMID: 34537712 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) represents the most mobile and reactive pool of soil organic matter (SOM). Climate changes, such as global warming and altered precipitation exert considerable influences on the quality and quantity of soil DOM. However, rare reports have focused on the interactive effects of soil warming and increased precipitation. In the present study, we conducted a 90-day incubation experiment to investigate how the concentration, source and chemical composition of DOM from an Alfisol respond to the variations of temperatures (15, 30 and 45 °C) and moistures (40%, 60%, and 80% of saturated soil water content). Four DOM components were identified through fluorescence excitation emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Increased temperature alone aggravated the decomposition of plant-derived aromatic components (C2 and C4) but promoted the accumulation of microbial-derived aliphatic carbon (C1) and tryptophan-like component (C3). Increased fungi/bacteria ratio with warming was responsible for the decomposition of plant-derived components. Warming-induced disassociation of Ca-bearing mineral to colloidal Ca facilitated the accrual of microbial-derived aliphatic DOM. Humidification alone and humidification + warming significantly increased the concentration of DOM and the percentage of plant-derived aromatic carbon (C2, C4), which was attributed to the release of Fe-bearing mineral-OC. Based on the above findings along with the results of two-way ANOVA and Variation partition analysis, we infer that moisture will play a dominant role in regulating the chemical composition of DOM in Alfisols under both warming and humidification which in turn impact global C cycling and the ultimate climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chenchen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingmin Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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7
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Anthony TL, Silver WL. Hot moments drive extreme nitrous oxide and methane emissions from agricultural peatlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5141-5153. [PMID: 34260788 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural peatlands are estimated to emit approximately one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from croplands, but the temporal dynamics and controls of these emissions are poorly understood, particularly for nitrous oxide (N2 O). We used cavity ring-down spectroscopy and automated chambers in a drained agricultural peatland to measure over 70,000 individual N2 O, methane (CH4 ), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) fluxes over 3 years. Our results showed that N2 O fluxes were high, contributing 26% (annual range: 16%-35%) of annual CO2 e emissions. Total N2 O fluxes averaged 26 ± 0.5 kg N2 O-N ha-1 y-1 and exhibited significant inter- and intra-annual variability with a maximum annual flux of 42 ± 1.8 kg N2 O-N ha-1 y-1 . Hot moments of N2 O and CH4 emissions represented 1.1 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.2% of measurements, respectively, but contributed to 45 ± 1% of mean annual N2 O fluxes and to 140 ± 9% of mean annual CH4 fluxes. Soil moisture, soil temperature, and bulk soil oxygen (O2 ) concentrations were strongly correlated with soil N2 O and CH4 emissions; soil nitrate ( NO3- ) concentrations were also significantly correlated with soil N2 O emissions. These results suggest that IPCC benchmarks underestimate N2 O emissions from these high emitting agricultural peatlands by up to 70%. Scaling to regional agricultural peatlands with similar management suggests these ecosystems could emit up to 1.86 Tg CO2 e y-1 (range: 1.58-2.21 Tg CO2 e y-1 ). Data suggest that these agricultural peatlands are large sources of GHGs, and that short-term hot moments of N2 O and CH4 are a significant fraction of total greenhouse budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler L Anthony
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Whendee L Silver
- Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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