1
|
Tolotti M, Brighenti S, Bruno MC, Cerasino L, Pindo M, Tirler W, Albanese D. Ecological "Windows of opportunity" influence biofilm prokaryotic diversity differently in glacial and non-glacial Alpine streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173826. [PMID: 38866149 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In glacier-fed streams, the Windows of Opportunity (WOs) are periods of mild environmental conditions supporting the seasonal development of benthic microorganisms. WOs have been defined based on changes in biofilm biomass, but the responses of microbial diversity to WOs in Alpine streams have been overlooked. A two year (2017-2018) metabarcoding of epilithic and epipsammic biofilm prokaryotes was conducted in Alpine streams fed by glaciers (kryal), rock glaciers (rock glacial), or groundwater/precipitation (krenal) in two catchments of the Central-Eastern European Alps (Italy), aiming at testing the hypothesis that: 1) environmental WOs enhance not only the biomass but also the α-diversity of the prokaryotic biofilm in all stream types, 2) diversity and phenology of prokaryotic biofilm are mainly influenced by the physical habitat in glacial streams, and by water chemistry in the other two stream types. The study confirmed kryal and krenal streams as endmembers of epilithic and sediment prokaryotic α- and β-diversity, with rock glacial streams sharing a large proportion of taxa with the two other stream types. Alpha-diversity appeared to respond to ecological WOs, but, contrary to expectations, seasonality was less pronounced in the turbid kryal than in the clear streams. This was attributed to the small size of the glaciers feeding the studied kryal streams, whose discharge dynamics were those typical of the late phase of deglaciation. Prokaryotic α-diversity of non-glacial streams tended to be higher in early summer than in early autumn. Our findings, while confirming that high altitude streams are heavily threatened by climate change, underscore the still neglected role of rock glacier runoffs as climate refugia for the most stenothermic benthic aquatic microorganism. This advocates the need to define and test strategies for protecting these ecosystems for preserving, restoring, and connecting cold Alpine aquatic biodiversity in the context of the progressing global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Tolotti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Stefano Brighenti
- Competence Centre for Mountain Innovation Ecosystems, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bruno
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leonardo Cerasino
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - Davide Albanese
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palacios-Robles E, Medina K, Loarte E, Castañeda-Barreto A, Gamboa-Mendoza M, Polo-Salazar R, Tapia P, Pellicciotti F, Brown LE. Declining glacier cover drives changes in aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in the Cordillera Blanca, Perú. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17355. [PMID: 38993169 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change threatens the biodiversity of glacier-fed river ecosystems worldwide through shifts in water availability and timing, temperature, chemistry, and channel stability. However, tropical glacier-fed rivers have received little attention compared to those in temperate and Arctic biomes, despite their unique biodiversity potentially responding differently due to additional stress from higher altitude locations thus lower oxygen availability, diurnal freeze-thaw cycles, and annual monsoon rainfall disturbances. However, tropical glacier-fed rivers have received little attention compared to those in temperate and Arctic biomes, despite their unique biodiversity potentially responding differently due to additional stress from higher altitude locations thus lower oxygen availability, diurnal freeze-thaw cycles, and annual monsoon rainfall disturbances. This study quantified aquatic biodiversity responses to decreasing glacier cover in the Cordillera Blanca range of the Peruvian Andes. Ten rivers were studied along a gradient of decreasing glacier cover in the Parón, Huaytapallana, and Llanganuco basins, with a specific focus on macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters in both the dry and wet seasons. We found higher temperatures, more stable and lower turbidity rivers as glacier cover decreased, which were related significantly to higher local diversity and lower β-diversity. Analysis of similarity revealed significant differences in the macroinvertebrate community among rivers with high, medium, or low glacier cover, illustrating turnover from specialists to generalists as glacial influence decreased. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that there were more species found to prefer stable beds and water temperatures in medium and low glacier cover in a catchment rivers. However, certain taxa in groups such as Paraheptagyia, Orthocladiinae, Anomalocosmoecus, and Limonia may be adapted to high glacial influence habitats and at risk of glacier retreat. Although species composition was different to other biomes, the Cordillera Blanca rivers showed similar benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity responses to glacier retreat, supporting the hypothesis that climate change will have predictable effects on aquatic biodiversity in mountain ranges worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Palacios-Robles
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Peru
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinar Ciencia y Sociedad, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru
| | - Katy Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Peru
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Tierra, Ambiente y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Peru
| | - Edwin Loarte
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Peru
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Tierra, Ambiente y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Peru
| | | | | | - Rosario Polo-Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Peru
| | - Pedro Tapia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña, Huaraz, Peru
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Francesca Pellicciotti
- Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lee E Brown
- School of Geography & water@leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han X, Xun F, Zhu X, Zhao C, Luo W, Liu Y, Wang M, Xu D, Wan S, Wu QL, Xing P. Mechanism of organic phosphorus transformation and its impact on the primary production in a deep oligotrophic plateau lake during stratification. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121420. [PMID: 38492478 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Global warming is leading to extended stratification in deep lakes, which may exacerbate phosphorus (P) limitation in the upper waters. Conversion of labile dissolved organic P (DOP) is a possible adaptive strategy to maintain primary production. To test this, the spatiotemporal distributions of various soluble P fractions and phosphomonesterase (PME)/phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities were investigated in Lake Fuxian during the stratification period and the transition capacity of organic P and its impact on primary productivity were evaluated. The results indicated that the DOP concentration (mean 0.20 ± 0.05 μmol L-1) was significantly higher than that of dissolved inorganic P (DIP) (mean 0.08 ± 0.03 μmol L-1) in the epilimnion and metalimnion, which were predominantly composed of orthophosphate monoester (monoester-P) and orthophosphate diesters (diester-P). The low ratio of diester-P / monoester-P and high activities of PME and PDE indicate DOP mineralization in the epilimnion and metalimnion. We detected a DIP threshold of approximately 0.19 μmol L-1, corresponding to the highest total PME activity in the lake. Meta-analysis further demonstrated that DIP thresholds of PME activities were prevalent in oligotrophic (0.19 μmol L-1) and mesotrophic (0.74 μmol L-1) inland waters. In contrast to the phosphate-sensitive phosphatase PME, dissolved PDE was expressed independent of phosphate availability and its activity invariably correlated with chlorophyll a, suggesting the involvement of phytoplankton in DOP utilization. This study provides important field evidence for the DOP transformation processes and the strategy for maintaining primary productivity in P-deficient scenarios, which contributes to the understanding of P cycles and the mechanisms of system adaptation to future long-term P limitations in stratified waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fan Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Xianlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenlei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; The Fuxianhu Station of Deep Lake Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengjiang 652500, China
| | - Yanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Man Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shiqiang Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; The Fuxianhu Station of Deep Lake Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengjiang 652500, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sergeant CJ, Moore JW, Whited DC, Pitman KJ, Connor M, Sexton EK. An interdisciplinary synthesis of floodplain ecosystem dynamics in a rapidly deglaciating watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169245. [PMID: 38072264 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Glacier retreat is rapidly transforming some watersheds, with ramifications for water supply, ecological succession, important species such as Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), and cultural uses of landscapes. To advance a more holistic understanding of the evolution of proglacial landscapes, we integrate multiple lines of knowledge starting in the early 1900s with contemporary data from the Taaltsux̱éi (Tulsequah) Watershed in British Columbia, Canada. Our objectives were to: 1) synthesize recent historical geography and Indigenous Knowledge, including glacier dynamics, and hydrology; 2) describe the limnology of a proglacial lake; 3) quantify decadal-scale downstream physical floodplain change; and 4) characterize riverine physical, chemical, and biological differences relative to distance from the proglacial lake. Since 1982, the Tulsequah Glacier has receded 0.07 km/yr, exposing a cold, deep, and growing proglacial lake. The downstream floodplain is rapidly changing; satellite imagery analysis revealed a 14 % increase in vegetation from 2003 to 2017 and Indigenous Knowledge described increases in vegetation and wildlife habitat over the last century. Contemporary measurements of physical-chemical water properties differed across sites representing the upper and lower watershed, and mainstem and off-channel habitats. Catches of juvenile salmonids in the upper watershed (closer to the glacier) were mostly limited to warmer, clearer groundwater-fed channels, whereas in the lower watershed there were salmonids in both groundwater-fed and mainstem habitats. There was limited zooplankton taxa diversity from the proglacial lake and benthic macroinvertebrates in the river. Collectively, our synthesis suggests that the transformation of proglacial landscapes experiencing rapid ice loss can be influenced by interlinked abiotic processes of glacier retreat, lake formation, and altered hydrology, as well as corresponding biological processes such as beaver repopulation, wetland formation, and riparian vegetation growth. These factors, along with expected increases to proglacial lake productivity and salmon habitat suitability, are an important consideration for forward-looking watershed management of glacier-fed rivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sergeant
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, 32125 Bio Station Ln, Polson, MT 59860-6815, USA.
| | - Jonathan W Moore
- Earth2Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Diane C Whited
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, 32125 Bio Station Ln, Polson, MT 59860-6815, USA.
| | - Kara J Pitman
- Earth2Ocean Research Group, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mark Connor
- Lands, Resources, and Fisheries, Taku River Tlingit First Nation, P.O. Box 132, Atlin, BC V0W 1A0, Canada.
| | - Erin K Sexton
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, 32125 Bio Station Ln, Polson, MT 59860-6815, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu H, Xiong X, Liu B, Liu G. Lakes-scale pattern of eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity and assembly process shaped by electrical conductivity in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiad163. [PMID: 38100388 PMCID: PMC10791044 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton are the main primary producers in aquatic ecosystems and play an important role in food web and geochemical cycles. Its diversity, community structure, and assembly process are influenced by several factors. Alpine lake ecosystems are relatively weak and extremely sensitive to global climate change. However, the impact of climate change on phytoplankton in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lakes and their responses are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the diversity, environmental drivers, and assembly process of phytoplankton community in the central QTP lakes. The phytoplankton of these lakes can be primarily distinguished into freshwater and brackish types, with significant differences in species diversity and community dissimilarity. Both shared nearly same key environmental factors that significantly affecting phytoplankton such as EC, and brackish lakes were also positively correlative with TN. Stochastic process was predominant in phytoplankton assembly. Additionally, freshwater and brackish lakes were dominated by dispersal limitation and heterogeneous selection respectively. Alpine lakes had significant EC thresholds, and their diversity and assembly processes changed significantly around the thresholds. The present findings have important implications for understanding and predicting the response of lake phytoplankton communities to climate change and for making decisions to protect the ecological resources of alpine lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Benwen Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li M, Shi G, Li Y, Yan X, Sun X, Yangzong D, Li S, Dong H, Zhou Y, Wang X, Kang S, Zhang Q. Isotopic Constraints on Sources and Transformations of Nitrate in the Mount Everest Proglacial Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20844-20853. [PMID: 38019560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Glacier melting exports a large amount of nitrate to downstream aquatic ecosystems. Glacial lakes and glacier-fed rivers in proglacial environments serve as primary recipients and distributors of glacier-derived nitrate (NO3-), yet little is known regarding the sources and cycling of nitrate in these water bodies. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of nitrate isotopes (δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, and Δ17ONO3) in waters from the glacial lake and river of the Rongbuk Glacier-fed Basin (RGB) in the mountain Everest region. The concentrations of NO3- were low (0.43 ± 0.10 mg/L), similar to or even lower than those observed in glacial lakes and glacier-fed rivers in other high mountain regions, suggesting minimal anthropogenic influence. The NO3- concentration decreases upon entering the glacial lake due to sedimentation, and it increases gradually from upstream to downstream in the river as a soil source is introduced. The analysis of Δ17ONO3 revealed a substantial contribution of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate, ranging from 34.29 to 56.43%. Denitrification and nitrification processes were found to be insignificant in the proglacial water of RGB. Our study highlights the critical role of glacial lakes in capturing and redistributing glacier-derived NO3- and emphasizes the need for further investigations on NO3- transformation in the fast-changing proglacial environment over the Tibetan Plateau and other high mountain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yilan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Deji Yangzong
- Tibetan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huike Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Ren Z. The role of subsurface ice in sustaining bacteria in continental and maritime glaciers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165324. [PMID: 37414181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
In supraglacial environments, surface and subsurface ices are two distinct and connected microhabitats in terms of physicochemical and biological aspects. At the frontline of climate change, glaciers lose tremendous ice masses to downstream ecosystems, serving as crucial sources of both biotic and abiotic materials. In this study, we studied the disparities and relationships of microbial communities between surface and subsurface ices collected from a maritime and a continental glacier during summer. The results showed that surface ices had significantly higher nutrients and were more physiochemically different than subsurface ices. Despite lower nutrients, subsurface ices had higher alpha-diversity with more unique and enriched operational taxonomic units (OTUs) than surface ices, indicating the potential role of subsurface as a bacterial refuge. Sorensen dissimilarity between bacterial communities in surface ices and subsurface ices was mainly contributed by the turnover component, suggesting strong species replacement from surface to subsurface ices due to large environmental gradients. For different glaciers, the maritime glacier had significantly higher alpha-diversity than the continental glacier. The difference between surface and subsurface communities was more pronounced in the maritime glacier than in the continental glacier. The network analysis revealed that surface-enriched and subsurface-enriched OTUs formed independent modules, with surface-enriched OTUs having closer interconnections and greater importance in the network of the maritime glacier. This study highlights the important role of subsurface ice as a bacterial refuge and enriches our knowledge of microbial properties in glaciers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Engineering Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China; Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ze Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Modenutti B, Martyniuk N, Bastidas Navarro M, Balseiro E. Glacial Influence Affects Modularity in Bacterial Community Structure in Three Deep Andean North-Patagonian Lakes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1869-1880. [PMID: 36735066 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the bacteria community composition and the ecological processes structuring these communities in three deep lakes that receive meltwater from the glaciers of Mount Tronador (North-Patagonia, Argentina). Lakes differ in their glacial connectivity and in their turbidity due to glacial particles. Lake Ventisquero Negro is a recently formed proglacial lake and it is still in contact with the glacier. Lakes Mascardi and Frías lost their glacial connectivity during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Total dissolved solid concentration has a significant contribution to the environmental gradient determining the segregation of the three lakes. The newly formed lake Ventisquero Negro conformed a particular bacterial community that seemed to be more related to the microorganisms coming from glacier melting than to the other lakes of the basin. The net relatedness index (NRI) showed that the bacterial community of lake Ventisquero Negro is determined by environmental filtering, while in the other lakes, species interaction would be a more important driver. The co-occurrence network analysis showed an increase in modularity and in the number of modules when comparing Lake Ventisquero Negro with the two large glacier-fed lakes suggesting an increase in heterogeneity. At the same time, the presence of modules with phototrophic bacteria (Cyanobium strains) in lakes Frías and Mascardi would reflect the increase of this functional photosynthetic association. Overall, our results showed that the reduction in ice masses in Patagonia will affect downstream large deep Piedmont lakes losing the glacial influence in their bacterial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Modenutti
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, CONICET-University of Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Martyniuk
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, CONICET-University of Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Marcela Bastidas Navarro
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, CONICET-University of Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Esteban Balseiro
- Laboratorio de Limnología, INIBIOMA, CONICET-University of Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An S, Mao Z, Chen M, Huang X, Shi L, Xing P, Kong L, Zhou Y, Du Y, Zhang Y. Sunlight irradiation promotes both the chemodiversity of terrestrial DOM and the biodiversity of bacterial community in a subalpine lake. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115823. [PMID: 37004851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Alpine lake habitats are evolving into subalpine lakes under the scenario of climate change, where the vegetation are promoted due to increasing temperature and precipitation. The abundant terrestrial dissolved organic matter (TDOM) leached from watershed soil into subalpine lakes would undergo strong photochemical reaction due to the high altitude, with the potential to alter DOM composition and affect the bacterial communities. To reveal the transformation of TDOM by both photochemical and microbial processes in a typical subalpine lake, Lake Tiancai (located 200 m below the tree line) was chosen. TDOM was extracted from the surrounding soil of Lake Tiancai and then subjected to the photo/micro-processing for 107 days. The transformation of TDOM was analyzed by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the shift of bacterial communities was analyzed using 16s rRNA gene sequencing technology. Dissolved organic carbon and light-absorbing components (a350) decay accounted for approximately 40% and 80% of the original, respectively, in the sunlight process, but both less than 20% in the microbial process for 107 days. The photochemical process promoted the chemodiversity as there were ∼7000 molecules after sunlight irradiation, compared to ∼3000 molecules in the original TDOM. Light promoted the production of highly unsaturated molecules and aliphatics, which were significantly associated with Bacteroidota, suggesting that light may influence bacterial communities by regulating the DOM molecules. Carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules were generated in both photochemical and biological processes, suggesting TDOM was converted to a stable pool over time. Our finding on the transformation of terrestrial DOM and the alternation of bacterial community under the simultaneously photochemical and microbial processes will help to reveal the response of the carbon cycle and lake system structure to climate change for high-altitude lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShiLin An
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - ZhenDu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Department of Geosciences & Natural Resources, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, United States
| | - XiuLin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404020, China
| | - LiMei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - LingYang Kong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Changes, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - YongQiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - YingXun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - YunLin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang H, Xiong X, Wang K, Li X, Hu H, Li Q, Yin H, Wu C. The effects of land use on water quality of alpine rivers: A case study in Qilian Mountain, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162696. [PMID: 36906018 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Land use influences the variation of river water quality. This effect varies depending on the region of the river and the spatial scale at which land use is calculated. This study investigated the influence of land use on river water quality in Qilian Mountain, an important alpine river region in northwestern China, on different spatial scales in the headwaters and mainstem areas. Redundancy analysis and multiple linear regression were used to identify the optimal scales of land use for influencing and predicting water quality. Nitrogen and organic carbon parameters were more influenced by land use than phosphorus. The impact of land use on river water quality varied according to regional and seasonal differences. Water quality in headwater streams was better influenced and predicted by land use types on the natural surface at the smaller buffer zone scale, while water quality in mainstream rivers was better influenced and predicted by land use types associated with human activities at the larger catchment or sub-catchment scale. The impact of natural land use types on water quality differed with regional and seasonal variations, while the impact of land types associated with human activities on water quality parameters mainly resulted in elevated concentrations. The results of this study suggested that different land types and spatial scales needed to be considered to assess water quality influences in different areas of alpine rivers in the context of future global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Kehuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongjuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Quanliang Li
- Qinghai Service Guarantee Center of Qilian Mountain National Park, Xining 810000, China
| | - Hengqing Yin
- Qinghai Service Guarantee Center of Qilian Mountain National Park, Xining 810000, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kleinteich J, Hanselmann K, Hildebrand F, Kappler A, Zarfl C. Glacier melt-down changes habitat characteristics and unique microbial community composition and physiology in Alpine lakes sediments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6617590. [PMID: 35749563 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glacial melt-down alters hydrological and physicochemical conditions in downstream aquatic habitats. In this study we tested if sediment associated microbial communities respond to the decrease of glaciers and associated meltwater flows in high-alpine lakes. We analysed 16 lakes in forefield catchments of three glaciers in the Eastern Swiss Alps on physicochemical and biological parameters. We compared lakes fed by glacier meltwater with hydrologically disconnected lakes, as well as "mixed" lakes that received water from both other lake types. Glacier-fed lakes had a higher turbidity (94 NTU) and conductivity (47 µS/cm), but were up to 5.2°C colder than disconnected lakes (1.5 NTU, 26 µS/cm). Nutrient concentration was low in all lakes (TN <0.05 mg/L, TP <0.02 mg/L). Bacterial diversity in the sediments decreased significantly with altitude. Bacterial community composition correlated with turbidity, temperature, conductivity, nitrate and lake age and was distinctly different between glacier-fed compared to disconnected and mixed water lakes, but not between catchments. Chemoheterotrophic processes were more abundant in glacier-fed compared to disconnected and mixed water lakes where photoautotrophic processes dominated. Our study suggests that the loss of glaciers will change sediment bacterial community composition and physiology that are unique for glacier-fed lakes in mountain and polar regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kleinteich
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kurt Hanselmann
- Department of Earth Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Falk Hildebrand
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UZ, UK.,Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scholz J, Brahney J. Evidence for multiple potential drivers of increased phosphorus in high-elevation lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153939. [PMID: 35189218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have increased in many remote mountain waterbodies across the western United States, and reports of algal blooms in these systems have increased in frequency. Explanations for observed TP increases are uncertain, and typical landscape drivers, such as agricultural/urban runoff, are implausible. We investigated multiple atmospheric and terrestrial-P loading mechanisms to explain the observed decadal increase in TP, including a novel hypothesis that warming soils may lead to elevated P fluxes to receiving water bodies. Using northern Utah mountains ranges as a case study, we measured prospective inputs of total and bioavailable P via dust deposition. Terrestrial loading was evaluated through soil leaching experiments designed to simulate soil acidification and recovery, as well as observed decadal increases in soil temperatures and extended growing season. In the Uinta Mountains, dust-P flux appears to be one of the most plausible mechanisms for P increases where we estimated bioavailable dust-P loading ranged from 1.6 to 23.1 mg P m-2 yr-1. However, our results revealed that an increase of soil pH by 0.5 units could lead to a rise in leached P, ranging from 4.7 to 65 mg P m-2. Rising temperatures also showed the potential to increase soil P leaching; Observed average historical (~ +3 °C) and future (+2 °C) increases in temperature led to a prospective increase in leached P from 2 to 264 mg SRP m-2. While we found that pH shifts can mobilize significant amounts of P in some locations, we found no evidence of pH changes through time in the Uinta Mountains. However, summer soil temperatures increased at most locations. The mechanisms evaluated in this study can help explain the widespread observed increases in P across Western US lakes, but the mechanisms that dominate in any given region are likely to vary based on local to regional factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Scholz
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - J Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kohler TJ, Fodelianakis S, Michoud G, Ezzat L, Bourquin M, Peter H, Busi SB, Pramateftaki P, Deluigi N, Styllas M, Tolosano M, de Staercke V, Schön M, Brandani J, Marasco R, Daffonchio D, Wilmes P, Battin TJ. Glacier shrinkage will accelerate downstream decomposition of organic matter and alters microbiome structure and function. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3846-3859. [PMID: 35320603 PMCID: PMC9323552 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The shrinking of glaciers is among the most iconic consequences of climate change. Despite this, the downstream consequences for ecosystem processes and related microbiome structure and function remain poorly understood. Here, using a space-for-time substitution approach across 101 glacier-fed streams (GFSs) from six major regions worldwide, we investigated how glacier shrinkage is likely to impact the organic matter (OM) decomposition rates of benthic biofilms. To do this, we measured the activities of five common extracellular enzymes and estimated decomposition rates by using enzyme allocation equations based on stoichiometry. We found decomposition rates to average 0.0129 (% d-1 ), and that decreases in glacier influence (estimated by percent glacier catchment coverage, turbidity, and a glacier index) accelerates decomposition rates. To explore mechanisms behind these relationships, we further compared decomposition rates with biofilm and stream water characteristics. We found that chlorophyll-a, temperature, and stream water N:P together explained 61% of the variability in decomposition. Algal biomass, which is also increasing with glacier shrinkage, showed a particularly strong relationship with decomposition, likely indicating their importance in contributing labile organic compounds to these carbon-poor habitats. We also found high relative abundances of chytrid fungi in GFS sediments, which putatively parasitize these algae, promoting decomposition through a fungal shunt. Exploring the biofilm microbiome, we then sought to identify bacterial phylogenetic clades significantly associated with decomposition, and found numerous positively (e.g., Saprospiraceae) and negatively (e.g., Nitrospira) related clades. Lastly, using metagenomics, we found evidence of different bacterial classes possessing different proportions of EEA-encoding genes, potentially informing some of the microbial associations with decomposition rates. Our results, therefore, present new mechanistic insights into OM decomposition in GFSs by demonstrating that an algal-based "green food web" is likely to increase in importance in the future and will promote important biogeochemical shifts in these streams as glaciers vanish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Kohler
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Stilianos Fodelianakis
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Grégoire Michoud
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Leïla Ezzat
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Massimo Bourquin
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hannes Peter
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Susheel Bhanu Busi
- Systems Ecology Research GroupLuxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Paraskevi Pramateftaki
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nicola Deluigi
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Michail Styllas
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Matteo Tolosano
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vincent de Staercke
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Martina Schön
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jade Brandani
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Systems Ecology Research GroupLuxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Tom J. Battin
- River Ecosystems Laboratory, Alpine and Polar Environmental Research Center, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Filipiak ZM, Denisow B, Stawiarz E, Filipiak M. Unravelling the dependence of a wild bee on floral diversity and composition using a feeding experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153326. [PMID: 35074369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated nutrition as a potential mechanism underlying the link between floral diversity/composition and wild bee performance. The health, resilience, and fitness of bees may be limited by a lack of nutritionally balanced larval food (pollen), influencing the entire population, even if adults are not limited nutritionally by the availability and quality of their food (mainly nectar). We hypothesized that the nutritional quality of bee larval food is indirectly connected to the species diversity of pollen provisions and is directly driven by the pollen species composition. Therefore, the accessibility of specific, nutritionally desirable key plant species for larvae might promote bee populations. Using a fully controlled feeding experiment, we simulated different pollen resources that could be available to bees in various environments, reflecting potential changes in floral species diversity and composition that could be caused by landscape changes. Suboptimal concentrations of certain nutrients in pollen produced by specific plant species resulted in reduced bee fitness. The negative effects were alleviated when scarce nutrients were added to these pollen diets. The scarcity of specific nutrients was associated with certain plant species but not with plant diversity. Thus, one of the mechanisms underlying the decreased fitness of wild bees in homogenous landscapes may be nutritional imbalance, i.e., the scarcity of specific nutrients associated with the presence of certain plant species and not with species diversity in pollen provisions eaten by larvae. Accordingly, we provide a conceptual representation of how the floral species composition and diversity can impact bee populations by affecting fitness-related life history traits. Additionally, we suggest that mixes of 'bee-friendly' plants used to improve the nutritional base for wild bees should be composed considering the local flora to supplement bees with vital nutrients that are scarce in the considered environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna M Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Denisow
- Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ernest Stawiarz
- Laboratory of Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren Z, Gao H, Luo W, Elser JJ. Bacterial communities in surface and basal ice of a glacier terminus in the headwaters of Yangtze River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:12. [PMID: 35346386 PMCID: PMC8962558 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the front lines of climate change, glacier termini play crucial roles in linking glaciers and downstream ecosystems during glacier retreat. However, we lack a clear understanding of biological processes that occur in surface and basal ice at glacier termini. METHODS Here, we studied the bacterial communities in surface ice and basal ice (the bottom layer) of a glacier terminus in the Yangtze River Source, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. RESULTS Surface and basal ice harbored distinct bacterial communities but shared some core taxa. Surface ice communities had a higher α-diversity than those in basal ice and were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria while basal ice was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The bacterial communities were also substantially different in functional potential. Genes associated with functional categories of cellular processes and metabolism were significantly enriched in surface ice, while genes connected to environmental information processing were enriched in basal ice. In terms of biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, bacterial communities in surface ice were enriched for genes connected to aerobic carbon fixation, aerobic respiration, denitrification, nitrogen assimilation, nitrogen mineralization, sulfur mineralization, alkaline phosphatase, and polyphosphate kinase. In contrast, bacterial communities in basal ice were enriched for genes involved in anaerobic carbon fixation, fermentation, nitrate reduction, 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid pathway, G3P transporter, glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase, and exopolyphosphatase. Structural equation modeling showed that total nitrogen and environmental carbon:phosphorus were positively while environmental nitrogen:phosphorus was negatively associated with taxonomic β-diversity which itself was strongly associated with functional β-diversity of bacterial communities. CONCLUSIONS This study furthers our understanding of biogeochemical cycling of the mountain cryosphere by revealing the genetic potential of the bacterial communities in surface and basal ice at the glacier terminus, providing new insights into glacial ecology as well as the influences of glacier retreat on downstream systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ren
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hongkai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200136, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - James J Elser
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, 59860, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fillinger L, Hürkamp K, Stumpp C, Weber N, Forster D, Hausmann B, Schultz L, Griebler C. Spatial and Annual Variation in Microbial Abundance, Community Composition, and Diversity Associated With Alpine Surface Snow. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:781904. [PMID: 34912321 PMCID: PMC8667604 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding microbial community dynamics in the alpine cryosphere is an important step toward assessing climate change impacts on these fragile ecosystems and meltwater-fed environments downstream. In this study, we analyzed microbial community composition, variation in community alpha and beta diversity, and the number of prokaryotic cells and virus-like particles (VLP) in seasonal snowpack from two consecutive years at three high altitude mountain summits along a longitudinal transect across the European Alps. Numbers of prokaryotic cells and VLP both ranged around 104 and 105 per mL of snow meltwater on average, with variation generally within one order of magnitude between sites and years. VLP-to-prokaryotic cell ratios spanned two orders of magnitude, with median values close to 1, and little variation between sites and years in the majority of cases. Estimates of microbial community alpha diversity inferred from Hill numbers revealed low contributions of common and abundant microbial taxa to the total taxon richness, and thus low community evenness. Similar to prokaryotic cell and VLP numbers, differences in alpha diversity between years and sites were generally relatively modest. In contrast, community composition displayed strong variation between sites and especially between years. Analyses of taxonomic and phylogenetic community composition showed that differences between sites within years were mainly characterized by changes in abundances of microbial taxa from similar phylogenetic clades, whereas shifts between years were due to significant phylogenetic turnover. Our findings on the spatiotemporal dynamics and magnitude of variation of microbial abundances, community diversity, and composition in surface snow may help define baseline levels to assess future impacts of climate change on the alpine cryosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fillinger
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Hürkamp
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weber
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Forster
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lotta Schultz
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Griebler
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2318. [PMID: 33875656 PMCID: PMC8055693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important physical characteristics driving lifecycle events in lakes is stratification. Already subtle variations in the timing of stratification onset and break-up (phenology) are known to have major ecological effects, mainly by determining the availability of light, nutrients, carbon and oxygen to organisms. Despite its ecological importance, historic and future global changes in stratification phenology are unknown. Here, we used a lake-climate model ensemble and long-term observational data, to investigate changes in lake stratification phenology across the Northern Hemisphere from 1901 to 2099. Under the high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario, stratification will begin 22.0 ± 7.0 days earlier and end 11.3 ± 4.7 days later by the end of this century. It is very likely that this 33.3 ± 11.7 day prolongation in stratification will accelerate lake deoxygenation with subsequent effects on nutrient mineralization and phosphorus release from lake sediments. Further misalignment of lifecycle events, with possible irreversible changes for lake ecosystems, is also likely. Stratification has a considerable influence on lake ecology, but there is little understanding of past or future changes in its seasonality. Here, the authors use modelling and empirical data to determine that between 1901–2099, climate change causes stratification to start earlier and end later.
Collapse
|
18
|
Brahney J, Bothwell ML, Capito L, Gray CA, Null SE, Menounos B, Curtis PJ. Glacier recession alters stream water quality characteristics facilitating bloom formation in the benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142856. [PMID: 33092829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glaciers provide cold, turbid runoff to many mountain streams in the late summer and buffer against years with low snowfall. The input of glacial meltwater to streams maintains unique habitats and support a diversity of stream flora and fauna. In western Canada, glaciers are anticipated to retreat by 60-80% by the end of the century, and this retreat will invoke widespread changes in mountain ecosystems. We used a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of glacierization in western Canada to develop insights into changes that may occur in glaciated regions over the coming decades. Here we report on observed changes in physical (temperature, turbidity), and chemical (dissolved and total nutrients) characteristics of mountain streams and the associated shifts in their diatom communities during de-glacierization. Shifts in habitat characteristics across gradients include changes in nutrient concentrations, light penetration, temperatures, and flow, all of which have led to distinct changes in diatom community composition. Importantly, glacial-fed rivers were 3-5 °C cooler than rivers without glacial contributions. Declines in glacial meltwater contribution to streams resulted in shifts in the timing of nutrient fluxes and lower concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and higher dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and light penetration. The above set of conditions were linked to the overgrowth of the benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata. These changes in stream condition and D. geminata colony development primarily occurred in streams with marginal (2-5%) to no glacier cover. Our data support a hypothesis that climate-induced changes in river hydrochemistry and physical condition lead to a phenological mismatch that favors D. geminata bloom development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America.
| | - M L Bothwell
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - L Capito
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - C A Gray
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - S E Null
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States of America
| | - B Menounos
- Geography Program and Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V6T 1Z9, Canada
| | - P J Curtis
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Geographic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brighenti S, Hotaling S, Finn DS, Fountain AG, Hayashi M, Herbst D, Saros JE, Tronstad LM, Millar CI. Rock glaciers and related cold rocky landforms: Overlooked climate refugia for mountain biodiversity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1504-1517. [PMID: 33404095 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mountains are global biodiversity hotspots where cold environments and their associated ecological communities are threatened by climate warming. Considerable research attention has been devoted to understanding the ecological effects of alpine glacier and snowfield recession. However, much less attention has been given to identifying climate refugia in mountain ecosystems where present-day environmental conditions will be maintained, at least in the near-term, as other habitats change. Around the world, montane communities of microbes, animals, and plants live on, adjacent to, and downstream of rock glaciers and related cold rocky landforms (CRL). These geomorphological features have been overlooked in the ecological literature despite being extremely common in mountain ranges worldwide with a propensity to support cold and stable habitats for aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. CRLs are less responsive to atmospheric warming than alpine glaciers and snowfields due to the insulating nature and thermal inertia of their debris cover paired with their internal ventilation patterns. Thus, CRLs are likely to remain on the landscape after adjacent glaciers and snowfields have melted, thereby providing longer-term cold habitat for biodiversity living on and downstream of them. Here, we show that CRLs will likely act as key climate refugia for terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity in mountain ecosystems, offer guidelines for incorporating CRLs into conservation practices, and identify areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Brighenti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Scott Hotaling
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Debra S Finn
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | | | - Masaki Hayashi
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David Herbst
- Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory and Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine E Saros
- School of Biology and Ecology, Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Lusha M Tronstad
- Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Constance I Millar
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Albany, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Neale RE, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Neale PJ, Williamson CE, Zepp RG, Wilson SR, Madronich S, Andrady AL, Heikkilä AM, Bernhard GH, Bais AF, Aucamp PJ, Banaszak AT, Bornman JF, Bruckman LS, Byrne SN, Foereid B, Häder DP, Hollestein LM, Hou WC, Hylander S, Jansen MAK, Klekociuk AR, Liley JB, Longstreth J, Lucas RM, Martinez-Abaigar J, McNeill K, Olsen CM, Pandey KK, Rhodes LE, Robinson SA, Rose KC, Schikowski T, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Ukpebor JE, Wang QW, Wängberg SÅ, White CC, Yazar S, Young AR, Young PJ, Zhu L, Zhu M. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1-67. [PMID: 33721243 PMCID: PMC7816068 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-020-00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595-828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Neale
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P W Barnes
- Biological Sciences and Environmental Program, Loyola University New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T M Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Sciences Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Maryland, USA
| | - C E Williamson
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - R G Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA
| | - S R Wilson
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - S Madronich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A L Andrady
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - A M Heikkilä
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G H Bernhard
- Biospherical Instruments Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A F Bais
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P J Aucamp
- Ptersa Environmental Consultants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, México
| | - J F Bornman
- Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.
| | - L S Bruckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S N Byrne
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Applied Medical Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - B Foereid
- Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - D-P Häder
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | - L M Hollestein
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W-C Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - S Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems-EEMiS, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - M A K Jansen
- School of BEES, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A R Klekociuk
- Antarctic Climate Program, Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
| | - J B Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand
| | - J Longstreth
- The Institute for Global Risk Research, LLC, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R M Lucas
- National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - J Martinez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - C M Olsen
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K K Pandey
- Department of Wood Properties and Uses, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - L E Rhodes
- Photobiology Unit, Dermatology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S A Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Global Challenges Program and School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - K C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - T Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - K R Solomon
- Centre for Toxicology, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - B Sulzberger
- Academic Guest Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - J E Ukpebor
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Q-W Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang, China
| | - S-Å Wängberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C C White
- Bee America, 5409 Mohican Rd, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Yazar
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - A R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Young
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - L Zhu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kohler TJ, Peter H, Fodelianakis S, Pramateftaki P, Styllas M, Tolosano M, de Staercke V, Schön M, Busi SB, Wilmes P, Washburne A, Battin TJ. Patterns and Drivers of Extracellular Enzyme Activity in New Zealand Glacier-Fed Streams. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:591465. [PMID: 33329472 PMCID: PMC7711088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.591465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glacier-fed streams (GFSs) exhibit near-freezing temperatures, variable flows, and often high turbidities. Currently, the rapid shrinkage of mountain glaciers is altering the delivery of meltwater, solutes, and particulate matter to GFSs, with unknown consequences for their ecology. Benthic biofilms dominate microbial life in GFSs, and play a major role in their biogeochemical cycling. Mineralization is likely an important process for microbes to meet elemental budgets in these systems due to commonly oligotrophic conditions, and extracellular enzymes retained within the biofilm enable the degradation of organic matter and acquisition of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). The measurement and comparison of these extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) can in turn provide insight into microbial elemental acquisition effort relative to environmental availability. To better understand how benthic biofilm communities meet resource demands, and how this might shift as glaciers vanish under climate change, we investigated biofilm EEA in 20 GFSs varying in glacier influence from New Zealand’s Southern Alps. Using turbidity and distance to the glacier snout normalized for glacier size as proxies for glacier influence, we found that bacterial abundance (BA), chlorophyll a (Chl a), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and total EEA per gram of sediment increased with decreasing glacier influence. Yet, when normalized by BA, EPS decreased with decreasing glacier influence, Chl a still increased, and there was no relationship with total EEA. Based on EEA ratios, we found that the majority of GFS microbial communities were N-limited, with a few streams of different underlying bedrock geology exhibiting P-limitation. Cell-specific C-acquiring EEA was positively related to the ratio of Chl a to BA, presumably reflecting the utilization of algal exudates. Meanwhile, cell-specific N-acquiring EEA were positively correlated with the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and both N- and P-acquiring EEA increased with greater cell-specific EPS. Overall, our results reveal greater glacier influence to be negatively related to GFS biofilm biomass parameters, and generally associated with greater microbial N demand. These results help to illuminate the ecology of GFS biofilms, along with their biogeochemical response to a shifting habitat template with ongoing climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kohler
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Peter
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stilianos Fodelianakis
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paraskevi Pramateftaki
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michail Styllas
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Tolosano
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent de Staercke
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Schön
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susheel Bhanu Busi
- Systems Ecology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Systems Ecology Research Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Washburne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States.,Selva Analytics, LLC, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Tom J Battin
- Stream Biofilm and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|