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Wu S, Lu H, Yi Z, Chen G, Sun H. Microplastic Has No Effect on Rice Yield and Gaseous N Emission from an Infertile Soil with High Inorganic N Inputs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1279. [PMID: 38732494 PMCID: PMC11085246 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic might affect the crop yield, nitrogen (N) use efficiency and reactive N losses from agricultural soil systems. However, evaluation of these effects in infertile soil planted with different rice cultivars is lacking. We conducted a soil column experiment to determine the influence of a typical microplastic polyethylene (PE) input into an infertile soil with 270 kg N ha-1 and planted with two rice cultivars, i.e., a common rice Nangeng 5055 (NG) and a hybrid rice Jiafengyou 6 (JFY). The results showed that JFY produced a significantly (p < 0.05) greater grain yield than NG (61.6-66.2 vs. 48.2-52.5 g pot-1) but was not influenced by PE. Overall, PE hardly changed the N use efficiency of NG and JFY. Unexpectedly, PE significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total amino acid content of NG. Compared with JFY, NG volatilized significantly (p < 0.05) more ammonia (NH3) (0.84-0.92 vs. 0.64-0.67 g N pot-1) but emitted equal nitrous oxide (N2O). PE exerted no effect on either NH3 volatilization or the N2O emission flux pattern and cumulative losses of the rice growth cycle, whether with NG or JFY. Some properties of tested soils changed after planting with different rice cultivars and incorporating with microplastic. In conclusion, the rice production, N use efficiency, NH3 volatilization and N2O emission from the N-fertilized infertile soil were pronouncedly influenced by the rice cultivar, but not the PE. However, PE influenced the grain quality of common rice and some properties of tested soils with both rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.W.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Haiying Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.W.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhenghua Yi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.W.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Gui Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (S.W.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
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2
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Xu L, Bao Y, Man H, Zhang Z, Chen J, Shao X, Zhu B, Liu H. Influencing factors on ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171467. [PMID: 38447721 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia, a significant precursor for secondary inorganic aerosols, plays a pivotal role in new particle formation. Inventories and source apportionment studies have identified vehicular exhaust as a primary source of atmospheric ammonia in urban regions. Existing research on the factors influencing ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicles exhibits substantial inconsistencies in both test results and analyses. The lack of a uniform pattern in ammonia emissions across different standard vehicles and the significant overlap in test results across diverse operational conditions highlight the complexities in this field of study. While individual results can be interpreted through a mechanistic lens, disparate studies often lack a common explanatory framework. To address this gap, our study leverages the robust and comprehensive approach of meta-analysis to reconcile these inconsistencies and provide a more precise understanding of the factors influencing ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicles. A large number (N = 537) of ammonia emission factors were extracted after screening >1628 publications. The combined ammonia emission factor was 23.57 ± 24.94 mg/km. Emission standards, engine type, ambient temperatures, mileage, vehicle speed, and engine displacement have a significant impact on ammonia emission factors, explaining the ammonia emission factor by up to 50.63 %, with speed being the most significant factor. All these factors are attributed to the interplay of catalyst properties, lambda, and residence time (space velocity). In the current fleet, ammonia emission control is relatively insufficient under low-speed and ultra-high speed, low temperature, and ultra-high mileage conditions. Since ammonia emission factors do not monotonically decrease with the upgrading of motor vehicle emission standards, it is called for the addition of ammonia emission factors indicators in motor vehicle emission standards, and stipulation of targeted testing procedures and testing instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Digital Fujian Internet-of-things Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yumeng Bao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hanyang Man
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Digital Fujian Internet-of-things Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Zhining Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xiaohan Shao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China; Digital Fujian Internet-of-things Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Shang Y, Yin Y, Ying H, Tian X, Cui Z. Updated loss factors and high-resolution spatial variations for reactive nitrogen losses from Chinese rice paddies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120752. [PMID: 38614004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss has been a critical environmental issue. However, due to the limitations of data availability and appropriate methods, the estimation of Nr loss from rice paddies and associated spatial patterns at a fine scale remain unclear. Here, we estimated the background Nr loss (BNL, i.e., Nr loss from soils without fertilization) and the loss factors (the percentage of Nr loss from synthetic fertilizer, LFs) for five loss pathways in rice paddies and identified the national 1 × 1 km spatial variations using data-driven models combined with multi-source data. Based on established machine learning models, an average of 23.4% (15.3-34.6%, 95% confidence interval) of the synthetic N fertilizer was lost to the environment, in the forms of NH3 (17.4%, 10.9-26.7%), N2O (0.5%, 0.3-0.8%), NO (0.2%, 0.1-0.4%), N leaching (3.1%, 0.8-5.7%), and runoff (2.3%, 0.6-4.5%). The total Nr loss from Chinese rice paddies was estimated to be 1.92 ± 0.52 Tg N yr-1 in 2021, in which synthetic fertilizer-induced Nr loss accounted for 69% and BNL accounted for the other 31%. The hotspots of Nr loss were concentrated in the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River, an area with extensive rice cultivation. This study improved the estimation accuracy of Nr losses and identified the hotspots, which could provide updated insights for policymakers to set the priorities and strategies for Nr loss mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Shang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hao Ying
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingshuai Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenling Cui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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4
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He Z, Hu R, Tang S, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xu M, Zhang W, Wu L. New vegetable field converted from rice paddy increases net economic benefits at the expense of enhanced carbon and nitrogen footprints. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170265. [PMID: 38278238 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
China accounts for around 50 % of the global vegetable harvested area which is expected to increase continuously. Large cropland areas, including rice paddy, have been converted into vegetable cultivation to feed an increasingly affluent population and increase farmers' incomes. However, little information is available on the balance between economic benefits and environmental impacts upon rice paddy conversion into vegetable fields, especially during the initial conversion period. Herein, the life cycle assessment approach was applied to compare the differences in agricultural input costs, yield incomes, net economic benefits (NEB), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) footprints and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) between the double rice paddy (Rice) and newly vegetable field (Veg) converted from Rice based on a four-year field experiment. Results showed that yield incomes from Veg increased by 96-135 %, outweighing the increased agricultural input costs due to higher inputs of labor and pesticide, thus significantly increasing NEB by 80-137 %, as compared to Rice. Rice conversion into Veg largely increased C footprints by 2.3-10 folds and N footprints by 1.1-2.6 folds, consequently increasing the environmental damage costs (EDC) by 2.2 folds on average. The magnitudes of increases in C and N footprints and EDC due to conversion strongly declined over time. The NEEB, the trade-offs between NEB and EDC, decreased by 18 % in the first year, while increasing by 63 % in the second year and further to 135 % in the fourth year upon conversion. These results suggested that rice paddy conversion into vegetable cultivation could increase the NEB at the expense of enhanced EDC, particular during the initial conversion years. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of introducing interventions to mitigate C and N footprints from newly converted vegetable field, so as to maximize NEEB and realize the green and sustainable vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong He
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronggui Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuirong Tang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xian Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Minggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Deng O, Ran J, Huang S, Duan J, Reis S, Zhang J, Zhu YG, Xu J, Gu B. Managing fragmented croplands for environmental and economic benefits in China. NATURE FOOD 2024; 5:230-240. [PMID: 38528241 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Cropland fragmentation contributes to low productivity and high abandonment risk. Using spatial statistics on a detailed land use map, we show that 10% of Chinese croplands have no potential to be consolidated for large-scale farming (>10 ha) owing to spatial constraints. These fragmented croplands contribute only 8% of total crop production while using 15% of nitrogen fertilizers, leading to 12% of fertilizer loss in China. Optimizing the cropping structure of fragmented croplands to meet animal food demand in China can increase animal food supply by 19%, equivalent to increasing cropland proportionally. This crop-switching approach would lead to a 10% and 101% reduction in nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions, respectively, resulting in a net benefit of US$ 7 billion yr-1. If these fragmented croplands were relocated to generate large-scale farming units, livestock, vegetable and fruit production would be increased by 8%, 3% and 14%, respectively, and reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions would be reduced by 16% and 5%, respectively, resulting in a net benefit of US$ 44 billion yr-1. Both solutions could be used to achieve synergies between food security, economic benefits and environmental protection through increased agricultural productivity, without expanding the overall cropland area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouping Deng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangyou Ran
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiakun Duan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Reis
- Unit for Environment and Sustainability at the German Aerospace Centre's Project Funding Agency, DLR Projekttraeger, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baojing Gu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Policy Simulation Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Huang Y, Qin R, Wei H, Chai N, Yang Y, Li Y, Wan P, Li Y, Zhao W, Lawawirojwong S, Suepa T, Zhang F. Plastic film mulching application improves potato yields, reduces ammonia emissions, but boosts the greenhouse gas emissions in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120241. [PMID: 38301473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
With global population growth and climate change, food security and global warming have emerged as two major challenges to agricultural development. Plastic film mulching (PM) has long been used to improve yields in rain-fed agricultural systems, but few studies have focused on soil gas emissions from mulched rainfed potatoes on a long-term and regional scale. This study integrated field data with the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model to evaluate the impacts of PM on potato yields, greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in rainfed agricultural systems in China. We found that PM increased potato yield by 39.7 % (1505 kg ha-1), carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 15.4 % (123 kg CO2 eq ha-1), nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 47.8 % (1016 kg CO2 eq ha-1), and global warming potential (GWP) by 38.9 % (1030 kg CO2 eq ha-1), while NH3 volatilization decreased by 33.9 % (8.4 kg NH3 ha-1), and methane (CH4) emissions were little changed compared to CK. Specifically, the yield after PM significantly increased in South China (SC), North China (NC), and Northwest China (NWC), with increases of 66.1 % (2429 kg ha-1), 44.1 % (1173 kg ha-1), and 43.6 % (956 kg ha-1) compared to CK, respectively. The increase in GWP and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) under PM was more pronounced in the Northeast China (NEC) and NWC regions, with respective increases of 57.1 % and 60.2 % in GWP, 16.9 % and 10.3 % in GHGI. While in the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) and SC, PM decreased GHGI with 10.2 % and 31.1 %, respectively. PM significantly reduced NH3 emissions in all regions and these reductions were most significant in Southwest China (SWC), SCand MLYR, which were 41 %, 38.0 %, and 38.0 % lower than CK, respectively. In addition, climatic and edaphic variables were the main contributors to GHG and NH3 emissions. In conclusion, it is appropriate to promote the use of PM in the MLYR and SC regions, because of the ability to increase yields while reducing environmental impacts (lower GHGI and NH3 emissions). The findings provide a theoretical basis for sustainable agricultural production of PM potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rongzhu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huihui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ning Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pingxing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | | | - Tanita Suepa
- Geo-Informatics & Space Technology Development Agency, Thailand
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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7
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Machine learning reveals huge potential benefits of sustainable fertilizer use. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-00431-y. [PMID: 38396101 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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8
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Xu P, Li G, Zheng Y, Fung JCH, Chen A, Zeng Z, Shen H, Hu M, Mao J, Zheng Y, Cui X, Guo Z, Chen Y, Feng L, He S, Zhang X, Lau AKH, Tao S, Houlton BZ. Fertilizer management for global ammonia emission reduction. Nature 2024; 626:792-798. [PMID: 38297125 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Crop production is a large source of atmospheric ammonia (NH3), which poses risks to air quality, human health and ecosystems1-5. However, estimating global NH3 emissions from croplands is subject to uncertainties because of data limitations, thereby limiting the accurate identification of mitigation options and efficacy4,5. Here we develop a machine learning model for generating crop-specific and spatially explicit NH3 emission factors globally (5-arcmin resolution) based on a compiled dataset of field observations. We show that global NH3 emissions from rice, wheat and maize fields in 2018 were 4.3 ± 1.0 Tg N yr-1, lower than previous estimates that did not fully consider fertilizer management practices6-9. Furthermore, spatially optimizing fertilizer management, as guided by the machine learning model, has the potential to reduce the NH3 emissions by about 38% (1.6 ± 0.4 Tg N yr-1) without altering total fertilizer nitrogen inputs. Specifically, we estimate potential NH3 emissions reductions of 47% (44-56%) for rice, 27% (24-28%) for maize and 26% (20-28%) for wheat cultivation, respectively. Under future climate change scenarios, we estimate that NH3 emissions could increase by 4.0 ± 2.7% under SSP1-2.6 and 5.5 ± 5.7% under SSP5-8.5 by 2030-2060. However, targeted fertilizer management has the potential to mitigate these increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Geng Li
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Emerging Interdisciplinary Areas, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jimmy C H Fung
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Hu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Yan Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilin Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaokun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuguo Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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9
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Hurtado J, Velázquez E, Lassaletta L, Guardia G, Aguilera E, Sanz-Cobena A. Drivers of ammonia volatilization in Mediterranean climate cropping systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122814. [PMID: 37898427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is the major source of nitrogen (N) loss resulting from the application of synthetic and organic N fertilizers to croplands. It is well known that in Mediterranean cropping systems, there is a relationship between the intrinsic characteristics of the climate and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but whether the same relation exists for NH3 emissions remains uncertain. Here, we estimated the impact of edaphoclimatic conditions (including meteorological conditions after N fertilization), crop management factors, and the measurement technique on both the cumulative emissions and the NH3 emission factor (EF) in Mediterranean climate zones, drawing on a database of 234 field treatments. We used a machine learning method, random forest (RF), to predict volatilization and ranked variables based on their importance in the prediction. Random forest had a good predictive power for the NH3 EF and cumulative emissions, with an R2 of 0.69 and 0.76, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization rate (N rate) was the top-ranked predictor variable, increasing NH3 emissions substantially when N rate was higher than 170 kg N ha-1. Soil pH was the most important edaphoclimatic variable, showing greater emissions (36.7 kg NH3 ha-1, EF = 19.3%) when pH was above 8.2. Crop type, fertilizer type, and N application method also affected NH3 emission patterns, while water management, mean precipitation, and soil texture were ranked low by the model. Our results show that intrinsic Mediterranean characteristics had only an indirect effect on NH3 emissions. For instance, relatively low N fertilization rates result in small NH3 emissions in rainfed areas, which occupy a very significant surface of Mediterranean agricultural land. Overall, N fertilization management is a key driver in reducing NH3 emissions, but additional field factors should be studied in future research to establish more robust abatement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Hurtado
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Velázquez
- Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible, Universidad de Valladolid & INIA, 34004, Palencia, Spain; Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004, Palencia, Spain
| | - Luis Lassaletta
- CEIGRAM-Agricultural Production, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Guardia
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Aguilera
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanz-Cobena
- CEIGRAM-Chemistry and Food Technology, ETSI Agronómicas, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Center for Landscape Research in Sustainable Agricultural Futures (Land-CRAFT), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Xu H, Liu S, Ding J, Wang J, Liu L. Mapping crop-specific emission factors highlights hotspots of ammonia mitigation in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168157. [PMID: 37923266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Mapping gridded emission factors (EFs) of crops is vital for estimating ammonia (NH3) emissions in China using the bottom-up methods. However, there is still a lack of high-resolution gridded EFs of NH3 by crops in China, which are affected by climate, soil, and human management. Here, we established a data-driven approach for mapping crop-specific EFs of NH3 in China based on ground-based data and multiple geospatial data. We found that rice exhibited the highest EFs at 13.35 %, followed by wheat at 5.50 %, and maize at 5.15 %. This underscores the significance of utilizing EFs specific to each crop for predicting NH3 emission estimations. Furthermore, our results reveal substantial spatial variations in NH3 EFs across China, with notably higher values observed in South China for rice and elevated EFs in North China for wheat and maize. According to our model, the deep fertilization method emerges as the most effective method for reducing NH3 emissions, offering a remarkable 64 % reduction. Ongoing urbanization in China will lead to a rapid decline in the rural labor force in the coming years, which requires agricultural mechanization with less labor input. This shift in turn could support the implementation of deep fertilization techniques and reduce NH3 emissions by half in 2050. Our findings offer valuable insights for shaping the future trajectory of Chinese agriculture in overcoming agricultural NH3 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Xu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li M, Li C, Liu M, Xiong T, Wu X, Tang Y. Balancing grain yield and environmental performance by optimizing planting patterns of rice-wheat cropping systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167813. [PMID: 37852482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
To alleviate the adverse consequences of conventional planting of the rice-wheat cropping system and achieve long-term sustainability, a 3-cycle experiment (2019-2022) was conducted to investigate the effects of six planting patterns (PPs) on the grain yield and environmental performance. PP1 entailed annual rotary tillage (RT) without straw returning but without fertilization for rice and wheat seasons. PP2 was the same as PP1 but involved fertilization. PP3 was the same as PP2 but included straw return. PP4 entailed rice planting the same as in PP3, but with innovative zero-tillage (ZT) seeding technology for wheat planting. PP5 entailed wheat planting the same as in PP4, but with rice planting involving direct paddy seeding under RT. PP6 entailed wheat planting the same as in PP4, but rice planting followed dry direct seeding under ZT. The results showed that the average total yield under PP2, PP3, PP4, PP5, and PP6 was 64 %, 54 %, 69 %, 51 %, and 54 % higher than that under PP1, respectively. The highest methane and nitrous oxide emissions occurred under PP4 and PP6, respectively. When soil organic carbon changes were included in the calculations, the carbon footprint per unit area (CFA) was sharply reduced under PP4 and PP6, and the highest CFA was achieved under PP1, followed by PP2. Implementing annual RT promoted soil mineral nitrogen accumulation under PP2 and PP3 after wheat harvest, increasing the risk of mineral nitrogen leaching and the nitrogen footprint per unit area than that under the other PPs. PP4 exhibited the highest ammonia volatilization, which was offset by reduced mineral nitrogen leaching. Overall, PP4 exhibited a yearly increase in the comprehensive scores obtained via Z-score analysis and yielded the highest score in the last year due to the highest annual grain yield, steady SOC increase, and lower nitrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610066 Chengdu, China
| | - Chaosu Li
- Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610066 Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)/Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China, 610066 Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610066 Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)/Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China, 610066 Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610066 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610066 Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)/Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China, 610066 Chengdu, China.
| | - Yonglu Tang
- Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610066 Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)/Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of Southern China, 610066 Chengdu, China.
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Shen N, Wang W, Tan J, Wang Q, Huang L, Wang Y, Wang M, Li L. Roles of historical land use/cover and nitrogen fertilizer application changes on ammonia emissions in farmland ecosystem from 1990 to 2020 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167565. [PMID: 37802343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, China has witnessed significant changes in its land use/land cover (LULC) pattern. These changes have led to a direct impact on ammonia (NH3) emissions in soil background, and indirectly affected the total nitrogen fertilizer (N-fertilizer) application, crop planting amount and the resulting straw mass through the changes of cropland area. Great changes have also taken place in the amount and structure of fertilizer application in China, which affects the NH3 emissions from farmland ecosystems caused by N-fertilizer application. The aforementioned changes have led to significant alterations in NH3 emissions from China's farmland ecosystems over the past 30 years. The process of these changes remains to be analyzed, and the contributions of LULC changes and N-fertilizer application in this process are yet to be assessed. This study aims to investigate the NH3 emission changes and spatiotemporal variation characteristics from farmland ecosystems during 1990 and 2020 due to the LULC changes. Additionally, the study employs scenario analysis method to discuss the effects of LULC changes and N-fertilizer application changes on NH3 emissions in farmland ecosystems. Results indicate that there is evident spatiotemporal heterogeneity in China's LULC pattern, particularly in eastern China. The southeast region is predominantly characterized by the conversion of cropland into construction land. Moreover, some regions such as Northwest China and Northeast China have experienced the conversion of other land types into cropland, significantly influenced by national development policies. From 1990 to 2020, the national NH3 emissions from farmland ecosystem range from 3294.75 Gg to 4064.20 Gg. NH3 emissions and their interannual variation in farmland ecosystems exhibit significant differences across various regions. The regions with higher contributions to NH3 emissions in farmland ecosystems are East China, Central China, and North China, accounting for 25.32 %-37.26 %, 18.85 %-22.46 % and 11.24 %-18.50 % of the total emissions, respectively. NH3 emissions in each region are influenced by cropland area, N-fertilizer application, and regional development characteristics. Compared to LULC changes, changes in N-fertilizer application have a more pronounced impact on NH3 emission changes in farmland ecosystems. From 1990 to 2020, the contribution (increase or decrease) of N-fertilizer application changes to NH3 emission changes in farmland ecosystems in China ranges from 0.11 % to 16.61 %, while the contribution (increase or decrease) of LULC changes ranges from 0.47 % to 2.38 %. South China demonstrates a unique situation regarding the influence of LULC changes. This region has a relatively small cropland area, and fluctuations in cropland area significantly affect NH3 emissions in farmland ecosystems. The influence of policies is evident. From the changes in cropland area in Northwest China and Northeast China to changes in N-fertilizer application, policy changes have consistently impacted the changes in NH3 emissions in China's farmland ecosystems. From "soft policies" involving encouragement and guidance to "hard policies" encompassing the establishment of necessary targets, the degree of strictness in policy directly affects the timeliness of policies effectiveness. The results of this study indicate that reducing the application of N-fertilizers is the primary approach to reducing NH3 emissions in China's farmland ecosystems. In terms of policy guidance, compared to implementing structural and pathway adjustments, implementing clear total control of fertilizer usage is a timely and effective choice for reducing NH3 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanchi Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiani Tan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yangjun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Zhang H, Xie P. The mechanisms of microcystin-LR-induced genotoxicity and neurotoxicity in fish and mammals: Bibliometric analysis and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167018. [PMID: 37709090 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a typical cyanobacterial toxin, and the threat of this toxin is increasing among organisms. Despite extensive toxicological studies on MC-LR, there is no comprehensive analysis based on previously published data. Therefore, we conducted bibliometric analysis and meta-analysis to identify research hotspots and to elucidate the key mechanism of the relationship between MC-LR and genotoxicity and neurotoxicity among fish and mammals. One of the hotspots is toxic mechanisms (indicated by the frequent appearance of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, ROS, comet assay, signalling pathway, and gene expression indicate as keywords). The density visualization shows a high frequency of "microcystin-LR" and "toxicology," and the overlay visualization emphasizes the prominence of "neurotoxicity" in recent years. These findings confirm the importance of studying MC-LR toxicity. Meta-analysis indicated that in both fish and mammals, MC-LR exposure increased ROS levels by 294 % and increased DNA damage biomarkers by 174 % but decreased neurotoxicity biomarkers by 9 %. Intergroup comparisons revealed that the exposure concentration of MC-LR was significantly correlated with genotoxicity and neurotoxicity levels in both fish and mammals (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the random forest (RF) model revealed that exposure concentration was the primary determinant associated with the induction of ROS, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity induced by MC-LR. This is likely the dominant mechanism by which excessive ROS production induced by MC-LR causes oxidative stress, ultimately leading to genotoxicity and neurotoxicity in both fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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14
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Kang J, Wang J, Heal MR, Goulding K, de Vries W, Zhao Y, Feng S, Zhang X, Gu B, Niu X, Zhang H, Liu X, Cui Z, Zhang F, Xu W. Ammonia mitigation campaign with smallholder farmers improves air quality while ensuring high cereal production. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:751-761. [PMID: 37653045 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Reducing cropland ammonia (NH3) emissions while improving air quality and food supply is a challenge, particularly in China where there are millions of smallholder farmers. We tested the effectiveness of a tailored nitrogen (N) management strategy applied to wheat-maize cropping systems in 'demonstration squares' across Quzhou County in the North China Plain. The N-management techniques included optimal N rates, deep fertilizer placement and application of urease inhibitors, implemented through cooperation between government, researchers, businesses and smallholders. Compared with conventional local smallholder practice, our NH3 mitigation campaign reduced NH3 volatilization from wheat and maize by 49% and 39%, and increased N-use efficiency by 28% and 40% and farmers' profitability by 25% and 19%, respectively, with no detriment to crop yields. County-wide atmospheric NH3 and fine particulate matter (with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) concentrations decreased by 40% and 8%, respectively. County-wide net benefits were estimated at US$7.0 million. Our demonstration-square approach shows that cropland NH3 mitigation and improved air quality and farm profitability can be achieved simultaneously by coordinated actions at the county level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mathew R Heal
- School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Wim de Vries
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yuanhong Zhao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Sijie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baojing Gu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenling Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Cui L. Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the concentration and source apportionment of atmospheric ammonia (NH 3) across India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163443. [PMID: 37061056 PMCID: PMC10098306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The wide spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has significantly influenced human activities around the world, providing a unique opportunity to investigate the response of air pollution to anthropogenic emission reduction. Compared with numerous studies on conventional air pollutants, atmospheric ammonia (NH3) that has matched sources from both anthropogenic and natural emissions has been rarely investigated. Here we assess impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on ambient NH3 variation across India, one of the most severe NH3 pollution region in the world. The role of meteorology in shaping emission contribution to NH3 pollution and respective contribution of each emission source to ambient NH3 before and after the COVID-19 outbreak were investigated using the XGBoost algorithm coupled with WRF-Chem model. Results showed that ambient NH3 concentrations in the seven major cities (Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Lucknow, Kolkata and Mumbai) decreased by 2.1-53.8 % whereas in Ahmedabad increased by 20.3 % during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Obvious decrease in NH3 in Indo-Gangetic Plain (-17.1 %) was mainly driven by favorable meteorology, whereas the slight decline in NH3 in South India was mainly driven by epidemic-related emission control (-8.56 %). Source appointment results showed that the contribution of industrial emission (Ind) to ambient NH3 in most megacities showed a decreasing trend (between 11 % and 26 %) during the lockdown period. However, the reduction effect was mostly compensated by increasing contributions (15-25 %) of residential emission (Res) or agricultural soil emission (Ags). Particularly, in Ahmedabad and Lucknow ambient NH3 increased by 20.3 % and 12 % during the lockdown period, the reduction effect of Ind on ambient NH3 (-23 % and -11 %, respectively) was absolutely compensated by enhanced contribution of Res (24 %) and Ags (12 %), respectively. Our results highlight the importance of eliminating residential and agricultural NH3 emissions especially in North India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cui
- Impact Scientific Instrument Co., TLD, 201112, PR China.
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Sha Z, Ma X, Liu H, Wang J, Lv T, Goulding K, Liu X. Crop-specific ammonia volatilization rates and key influencing factors in the upland of China - A data synthesis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117676. [PMID: 36967697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is an important alkaline reactive nitrogen (Nr) species which is involved in global nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycling, but which has negative impacts on the environment and human health. In order to better understand and control the NH3 loss potential in soil-upland crop systems in China, an integrated data analysis including 1302 observations from 236 published articles between 1980 and 2021 was conducted. The typical NH3 volatilization rate (AVR) and the main factors influencing AVR in the major Chinese upland crops (maize, wheat, openfield vegetables and greenhouse vegetables and others) were estimated and analyzed. The mean AVR for maize, wheat, openfield vegetables and greenhouse vegetables were 7.8%, 5.3%, 8.4% and 1.8%. The most important influencing factors were fertilizer placement, meteorological conditions (especially temperature and rainfall) and soil properties (especially SOM). Subsurface N application produced a significantly lower AVR compared to surface application. High N recovery efficiency and N agronomic efficiency were generally associated with low AVRs. In conclusion, high N application rates, inefficient application methods and the use of loss-prone N fertilizer types are the main factors responsible for high AVRs in major Chinese croplands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hejing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tiantian Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Yao Z, Wang Y, Yan G, Janz B, Wang X, Zhan Y, Wang R, Zheng X, Zhou M, Zhu B, Kiese R, Wolf B, Butterbach-Bahl K. Characteristics of annual NH 3 emissions from a conventional vegetable field under various nitrogen management strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118276. [PMID: 37276627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
High N-fertilizer applications to conventional vegetable production systems are associated with substantial emissions of NH3, a key substance that triggers haze pollution and ecosystem eutrophication and thus, causing considerable damage to human and ecosystem health. While N fertilization effects on NH3 volatilization from cereal crops have been relatively well studied, little is known about the magnitude and yield-scaled emissions of NH3 from vegetable systems. Here we report on a 2-year field study investigating the effect of various types and rates of fertilizer application on NH3 emissions and crop yields for a pepper-lettuce-cabbage rotation system in southwest China. Our results show that both NH3 emissions and direct emission factors of applied N varied largely across seasons over the 2-year period, highlighting the importance of measurements spanning entire cropping years. Across all treatments varying from solely applying urea fertilizers to only using organic manures, annual NH3 emissions ranged from 0.64 to 92.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (or 0.07-6.84 g N kg-1 dry matter), equivalent to 0.05-5.99% of the applied N. At annual scale, NH3 emissions correlated positively with soil δ15N values, indicating that soil δ15N may be used as an indicator for NH3 losses. NH3 emissions from treatments fertilized partially or fully with manure were significantly lower compared with the urea fertilized treatment, while vegetable yields remained unaffected. Moreover, full substitution of urea by manure as compared to the partial substitution further reduced the yield-scaled annual NH3 emissions by 79.0-92.4%. Across all vegetable seasons, there is a significant negative relationship between yield-scaled NH3 emissions and crop N use efficiency. Overall, our results suggest that substituting urea by manure and reducing total N inputs by 30-50% allows to reduce NH3 emissions without jeopardizing yields. Such a change in management provides a feasible option to achieve environmental sustainability and food security in conventional vegetable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Yanqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Guangxuan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China
| | - Baldur Janz
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Sichuan Institute of Nuclear Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610061, PR China
| | - Yang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China; College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Benjamin Wolf
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, PR China; Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany; Pioneer Center Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Li Y, Xie P. A meta-analysis on the toxicity of microcystin-LR to fish and mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121780. [PMID: 37150342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), the most prevalent and dangerous microcystin, poses high risks to living organisms, especially fish and mammals. Although many studies have focused on the toxic effect on fish and mammals exposed to MC-LR, works that incorporate published data into a comprehensive comparison and analysis are still limited. Here, the adverse effects of oxidative stress markers, health, functional traits, and performance traits in fish and mammals were systematically verified by collecting data from 67 studies for the first time. Notably, we first found that the activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) always showed increases, whereas the growth (performance traits) always had a significant decrease (p < 0.001) under all variables of MC-LR exposure, i.e., exposure time, exposure concentration, exposure route, and even life stage. Additionally, our study first verified that the activities of MDA and LPO can be employed as oxidative stress indicators of MC-LR effects in fish and mammals instead of other biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), considered by previous studies. Growth may be regarded as a highly sensitive indicator of MC-LR toxicity in mammals and fish. At the same time, we first found that the impact of MC-LR exposure concentration on LPO, MDA, and growth is higher than that of exposure time, exposure route, and different life stages using the random forest (RF) model. In short, this work sheds light on the potential biochemical and individual toxicity of MC-LR exposure in fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yehao Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, PR China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
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19
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Yang W, You K, He Y, Zhang Y, Xin X, Zhang X, Zhu A. A laser absorption spectroscopy chamber system based on closed dynamic chamber method for multi-point synchronous monitoring ammonia emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 884:163799. [PMID: 37127165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the field testing of a newly and originally designed laser absorption spectroscopy chamber (LASC) system based on closed dynamic chamber method, which is well suited for multi-point synchronous measurement of ammonia emissions in field multiple plot experiment. Main design feature of the LASC system is individual multi-reflection cells for each chamber, achieving the synchronous in-situ monitoring ammonia emissions of all the chambers. Two movable covers for automated opening and closing of the chamber, and the highly transparent chamber walls made of acrylic plate minimize the disturbance of the chamber deployment on the ammonia transport process in the chamber. Controlled field assessment experiment was conducted to evaluate the applicability and reliability of the LASC system. The results indicated that the optimum time length of chamber closure for monitoring ammonia emission is 3 min, and the appropriate time length of chamber ventilation is 17 to 37 min. The LASC system has higher accuracy for measuring ammonia emission rate and reliability for comparatively measuring ammonia emissions from different treatments than the traditional chamber methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Yang
- Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kun You
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiuli Xin
- Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Anning Zhu
- Fengqiu Agro-ecological Experimental Station, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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20
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Zhou J. The effects of organic fertilizer on loss risk of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy ponded water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55529-55540. [PMID: 36897445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a great challenge globally for both achieving high crop yields via fertilization and minimizing environmental pollution from nutrient losses. Organic fertilizer (OF) application has been extensively reported to effectively improve arable soil fertility and mitigate nutrient losses. However, few studies are available that accurately quantified the substitution rates of OF for chemical fertilizers (CF) that affect rice yield, the nitrogen/phosphorus in ponded water, and its loss potential in paddy field. Here, an experiment with 5 levels of CF nitrogen substituted by OF nitrogen was performed during the early stage of rice growth in paddy field of Southern China. The results showed that the first 6 days and 3 days following fertilization generally were risky period for N losses and for P losses, respectively, due to corresponding high concentrations in ponded water. Compared to CF treatment, over 30% of OF substitution rates significantly decreased the daily mean TN concentrations by 24.5-32.4%, while TP concentrations unaffected and rice yield maintained comparative levels. OF substitution also improved acidic paddy soils, with the increment of 0.33-0.90 unit for ponded water pH compared to CF treatment. Conclusively, the 30-40% of CF substituted by OF based on N amounts can be considered an ecological fertilization practice for rice production to mitigate environmental pollution due to lower N losses and without significant effect of grain yield. However, the attention also must be paid concerning the rise of environmental pollution risk from NH3 volatilization and P runoff after long-term OF application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangming Zhou
- The Agricultural Technique Popularization Centre of Jiangshan City, Jiangshan, 324100, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Miao T, Wang B, Cai A, Ren T, Wan Y, Meng Y, Li Y. Large differences in ammonia emission factors between greenhouse and open-field systems under different practices across Chinese vegetable cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158339. [PMID: 36041610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Estimating ammonia (NH3) emission factors (EFs) for vegetable production can support assessment of potential atmospheric pollution risk and provide information for mitigating NH3 volatilization. The EFs in greenhouse and open-field systems under different fertilization, irrigation regimes, vegetable types and soil properties in both greenhouse and open-field vegetable production systems in China are poorly understood. An integrated analysis was performed, including 282 field measurements of NH3 volatilization from 54 field studies, to quantify ammonia EFs under different management practices and soil properties. The results showed that the mean ammonia EF across all measurements was 4.2 % (3.6 %-4.8 %). The EFs of greenhouse and open-field systems were 2.0 % (1.5 %-2.5 %) and 6.3 % (5.4 %-7.2 %), respectively. There was a power function relationship between nitrogen application rate and ammonia EF in greenhouses. No relationship was identified between nitrogen application rate and ammonia EF in the open-field system. The EFs of organic fertilizers were lower than those of both chemical fertilizers and the combination of chemical and organic fertilizers. EFs of leafy vegetables, cabbages, solanaceous vegetables and melons were 2.7 %, 2.9 %, 1.4 % and 1.4 % in the greenhouse system, and 5.2 %, 5.7 %, 7.6 % and 9.7 % in the open-field system, respectively. The EFs of the greenhouse production system increased with increasing soil organic matter. Boosted regression tree analysis showed that N application rate, pH and soil organic matter were the main driving factors of EFs in the greenhouse system. Vegetable type, pH and soil organic matter were the main driving factors in the open-field system. In this study, the EFs were evaluated and distinguished across greenhouse and open-field systems, and the results provided accurate EFs under different management practices and soil properties for vegetable production in both greenhouse and open-field systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Miao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Andong Cai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianjing Ren
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunfan Wan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu'e Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
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22
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Ren F, Sun N, Misselbrook T, Wu L, Xu M, Zhang F, Xu W. Responses of crop productivity and reactive nitrogen losses to the application of animal manure to China's main crops: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158064. [PMID: 35981586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effective utilization of manure in cropland systems is essential to sustain yields and reduce reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses. However, there are still uncertainties regarding the substitution of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer with manure in terms of its effects on crop yield and Nr losses. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of wheat, maize, and rice applications in China and discovered that substituting mineral N fertilizer with manure increased wheat and maize yields by 4.9 and 5.5 %, respectively, but decreased rice yield by 1.7 %. The increase of yield is larger at low N application and low mineral N substitution rates ((SR) ≤30 %) for silt soils, warm regions, and acidic soils. High SR (>70 %) decreased rice yield as well as the N use efficiency of wheat and maize. Substitution of mineral N fertilizer with manure resulted in lower NH3 volatilization for wheat (48.7 %), lower N2O and NH3 emissions, and N runoff for maize (12.8, 49.6, and 66.7 %, respectively), and lower total Nr losses for rice (11.3-26.5 %). The loss of Nr was significantly and negatively correlated with soil organic carbon content. The rate of N application, soil properties, and climate were critical factors influencing N2O and NH3 emissions and N leaching, whereas climate or soil properties were the dominant factors influencing response in N runoff. We concluded that in silt soils, warm regions, and neutral soils, a ≤ 50 % substitution of mineral N fertilizer with manure can sustain crop yields while mitigating Nr losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tom Misselbrook
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Lianhai Wu
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Minggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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23
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Wester-Larsen L, Müller-Stöver DS, Salo T, Jensen LS. Potential ammonia volatilization from 39 different novel biobased fertilizers on the European market - A laboratory study using 5 European soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116249. [PMID: 36137456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Current political focus on promoting circular economy in the European Union drives great interest in developing and using more biobased fertilizers (BBFs, most often waste or residue-derived). Many studies have been published on environmental emissions, including ammonia (NH3) volatilization from manures, but there have only been a few such studies on BBFs. Ammonia volatilization from agriculture poses a risk to the environment and human health, causing pollution in natural ecosystems when deposited and formation of fine particulate matter (PMx). Furthermore, NH3 volatilization results in removal of plant-available N from agricultural systems, constituting an economic loss for farmers. The aim of this laboratory study was to determine the potential NH3 volatilization from 39 different BBFs commercially available on the European market. In addition, this study aimed to investigate the effect of incorporation, application rate, soil type, and soil moisture content on potential NH3 volatilization in order to derive suggestions for the optimal field application conditions. Results showed a great variation between BBFs in potential NH3 volatilization, both in terms of their temporal pattern of volatilization and amount of NH3 volatilized. The potential NH3 volatilization varied from 0% of applied total N (olive oil compost) to 64% of applied total N (manure and crop digestate) during a 27- or 44-day incubation period. Characteristics of BBFs (pH, NH4+-N, NO3--N, DM, C:N) and their interaction with time could explain 89% of the variation in accumulated potential NH3 volatilization. Incorporation of BBFs into an acidic sandy soil effectively reduced potential NH3 volatilization by 37%-96% compared to surface application of BBFs. Potential NH3 volatilization was not significantly affected by differences in application rate or soil moisture content, but varied between five different soils (with different clay and organic matter content), with the highest NH3 volatilization potential from the acidic sandy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Wester-Larsen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dorette Sophie Müller-Stöver
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tapio Salo
- Water Quality Impacts, Unit of Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Tietotie 4, 31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Lars Stoumann Jensen
- Section for Plant and Soil Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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24
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Wyer KE, Kelleghan DB, Blanes-Vidal V, Schauberger G, Curran TP. Ammonia emissions from agriculture and their contribution to fine particulate matter: A review of implications for human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 323:116285. [PMID: 36261990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia (NH3) released from agriculture is contributing significantly to acidification and atmospheric NH3 may have on human health is much less readily available. The potential direct impact of NH3 on the health of the general public is under-represented in scientific literature, though there have been several studies which indicate that NH3 has a direct effect on the respiratory health of those who handle livestock. These health impacts can include a reduced lung function, irritation to the throat and eyes, and increased coughing and phlegm expulsion. More recent studies have indicated that agricultural NH3 may directly influence the early on-set of asthma in young children. In addition to the potential direct impact of ammonia, it is also a substantial contributor to the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) fraction (namely the US and Europe); where it accounts for the formation of 30% and 50% of all PM2.5 respectively. PM2.5 has the ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and cause long term illnesses such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Hence, PM2.5 causes economic losses which equate to billions of dollars (US) to the global economy annually. Both premature deaths associated with the health impacts from PM2.5 and economic losses could be mitigated with a reduction in NH3 emissions resulting from agriculture. As agriculture contributes to more than 81% of all global NH3 emissions, it is imperative that food production does not come at a cost to the world's ability to breathe; where reductions in NH3 emissions can be easier to achieve than other associated pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Wyer
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - David B Kelleghan
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land-Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Y35 TC97, Ireland
| | - Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- Applied AI and Data Science (AID), Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Günther Schauberger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, A-1210 Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, Austria
| | - Thomas P Curran
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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25
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Sun H, Yi Z, Jeyakumar P, Xia C, Feng Y, Lam SS, Sonne C, Wang H, Shi W. Citric acid modified biochar application at a low dosage can synchronically mitigate the nitrogenous gas pollutants emission from rice paddy soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120068. [PMID: 36057329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raw biochar with high pH possibly stimulated ammonia (NH3) volatilization in the agricultural soil. We hypothesized that the modified biochar (MBC) with low pH can synchronically decrease the NH3 and nitrous oxide (N2O) losses. We performed a two-year experiment to clarify how citric acid MBC influence the NH3 volatilization and N2O emission as well as the underlying mechanisms. Two typical paddy soils, i.e., Hydragric Anthrosol and Haplic Acrisol, receiving equal urea N with 240 kg ha-1 but varied rates of MBC with 0, 5, 10, and 20 t ha-1 (named Urea, Urea + MBC5, Urea + MBC10, and Urea + MBC20, respectively) were studied. The results showed that MBC-amended treatments effectively mitigated the NH3 volatilization from Hydragric Anthrosol and Haplic Acrisol by 29.6%-57.9% and 30.5%-62.4% in 2017, and by 16.5%-21.0% and 24.5%-35.0% in 2018, respectively, compared to Urea treatment. In addition, significantly lower N2O emissions with averaged 38.3% and 43.1% in 2017, and 51.7% and 26.7% were recorded under Hydragric Anthrosol and Haplic Acrisol, respectively, following the MBC application (P < 0.05). Increased MBC addition performed higher efficacy on mitigating NH3 volatilization, particularly in the first rice season, while this "dosage effect" was not found for N2O reduction. Lowered pH in overlying water, enhanced adsorption of NH4+-N and its nitrification rate likely contributed to the lower NH3 volatilization as result of MBC addition. The nirS and nosZ gene copies were not changed by MBC, while the nirK gene copies were decreased as result of MBC amendment by 8.3%-25.2% under Hydragric Anthrosol and by 21.8%-24.9% under Haplic Acrisol. Consequent lower ratio of nirK/(nirS + nosZ) explained the mitigation effect of MBC on N2O emission. In conclusion, the present two-year study recommends that MBC applied at a low dosage can perform positive effect on controlling the nitrogenous gas pollutants from paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Zhenghua Yi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Changlei Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Weiming Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
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26
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Wang J, Sha Z, Zhang J, Kang J, Xu W, Goulding K, Liu X. Reactive N emissions from cropland and their mitigation in the North China Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114015. [PMID: 35944622 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer and inefficient N management are still common in the North China Plain, leading to large reactive N (Nr) losses and pollution, threatening environmental security and public health. Three improved N management practices (33% reduction in N applied (OU), OU combined with partial organic fertilizer substitution (UOM) and the urea in UOM amended with a urease inhibitor (ULOM)) together with no N application (CK) and farmers' conventional practice (CU) were tested on a maize-wheat rotation at Quzhou, Hebei, North China Plain (NCP). Nr emissions were related to WFPS (Water Filled Pore Space), soil mineral N (NH4+-N and NO3--N) and soil temperature. Nr emissions and yield-scaled Nr emissions were significantly reduced by partial substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer: NH3 emissions were reduced by 55.8-62.4%. Using a urease inhibitor (Limus®), further reduced NH3 emissions by 40.2-64.5%. Yield-scaled NH3 emissions were, on average, reduced by 60.0% and 55.2% in the maize and wheat growing season, respectively, relative to the UOM treatment. Long-term application of organic fertilizer had a significant positive effect on N use efficiency (NUE). Overall, the study shows that appropriated N management such as reducing the N application rate, partial substitution of chemical N by organic N and using a urease inhibitor can reduce Nr emissions and promote NUE in the North China Plain. The methods corresponding to the ULOM and UOM treatments were the most and second most effective, respectively, with high net economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Sha
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China; Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Kang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Keith Goulding
- Sustainable Agricultural Sciences Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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27
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Fan D, Wang X, Song D, Shi Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Cao B, Zou G, He W. Optimizing nitrogen management to mitigate gaseous losses and improve net benefits of an open-field Chinese cabbage system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115583. [PMID: 35753128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The excessive and inappropriate application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in open vegetable fields is a major anthropogenic source of gaseous N losses including nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in China. A 2-yr Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) experiment was carried out to explore the impacts of optimized N management (reduced N application rate, controlled-release urea [CRF] and nitrification inhibitor [NI]) on cabbage yield, soil inorganic N, and N2O and NH3 emissions, and to assess their economic benefits by a cost-benefit analysis. Six treatments including i) no N fertilizer (CK), ii) conventional urea fertilizer at 400 kg N ha-1 based on farmers' practices (CN), iii) conventional urea at 320 kg N ha-1 (RN), iv) conventional urea (320 kg N ha-1) with the addition of NI (RN + NI), v) CRF at 320 kg N ha-1 (CR) and vi) CRF (320 kg N ha-1) with the addition of NI (CR + NI) were implemented in an open Chinese cabbage field. No significant differences were found in the cabbage yields and soil NH4+-N contents under different N fertilization treatments. Only CR + NI treatment had significantly lower soil NO3--N contents than CN by 17.6%-34.6% at the early growing stages of cabbage in both years. Compared with CN, the N2O emissions were significantly decreased by 8.61%, 34.4%, 37.8% and 46.6% under RN, RN + NI, CR and CR + NI, respectively, indicating that CR + NI favors N2O abatement especially when NH3 has been suppressed by other 4 R practices. Meanwhile, the NH3 volatilization was 20.6% higher under RN + NI and 30.8% and 17.3% lower under CR and CR + NI compared to CN, respectively, which implied that CR was the most effective treatment in reducing the NH3 volatilization and total gaseous N loss in high NH3-N loss scenarios. Moreover, the net benefit of RN decreased by $945 USD ha-1 and those of RN + NI, CR and CR + NI treatments increased by $855, $930 and $1004 USD ha-1 compared to CN, respectively. This study recommends CR + NI as the optimal N fertilizer management for the sustainable production of vegetables with the lowest environmental risks and the greatest economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijia Fan
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Daping Song
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wentian He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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28
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Wang Y, Yao Z, Zheng X, Subramaniam L, Butterbach-Bahl K. A synthesis of nitric oxide emissions across global fertilized croplands from crop-specific emission factors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4395-4408. [PMID: 35403777 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer application to agricultural soils results in substantial emissions of nitric oxide (NO), a key substance in tropospheric chemistry involved in climate forcing and air pollution. However, the estimates of global cropland NO emissions remain uncertain due to a lack of information on direct NO emission factors (EFd s) of applied N for various cropping systems at seasonal or annual scales. Here we quantified the crop-specific seasonal and annual-scale NO EFd s through synthesizing 1094 measurements from 125 field-based studies worldwide. The global mean crop-specific seasonal EFd was 0.53%, with the highest for vegetables (0.75%). Among cereal crops, the EFd of maize (0.45%) or wheat (0.47%) was about three times higher than for rice (0.12%). At annual scale, the mean EFd across all cropping systems was 0.58%, with tea plantations having the highest (1.54%). For other cropping systems, the annual-scale EFd s ranged from 0.02% to 1.07%. Besides crop type, also soil organic carbon, total N, and pH as well as N fertilizer type were the main factors explaining the variations of NO EFd s. Based on obtained specific EFd s for each crop type, we estimated that NO emissions due to the use of synthetic fertilizers from global croplands are about 0.42-0.62 Tg N year-1 . Our budgets are relatively lower if compared to estimates derived by the use of IPCC defaults for NO emissions (0.72-1.66 Tg N year-1 ) or reported elsewhere (0.67-1.04 Tg N year-1 ). In our estimates, cash crops (vegetable, tea and orchard), which cover only 9% of the world cropland area, contributed about 31% to total NO emissions from global fertilized croplands. Overall, our meta-analysis provides improved crop-specific NO EFd s reflecting current stage of knowledge. The work also highlights the relative importance of cash crop production as sources for atmospheric NO, that is, agricultural systems on which mitigation efforts may focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Logapragasan Subramaniam
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Land-CRAFT, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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29
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Guo C, Bai Z, Wang X, Zhang W, Chen X, Lakshmanan P, Ma L, Lu J, Liu B, Shi X, Chen X. Spatio‐temporal assessment of greenhouse gas emission from rapeseed production in China by coupling nutrient flows model with
LCA
approach. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Wushuai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xuanjing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
- Sugarcane Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanning China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Lin Ma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology The Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, and Academy of Agricultural Science Southwest University Chongqing China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest University Chongqing China
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30
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Li Y, Wu W, Yang J, Cheng K, Smith P, Sun J, Xu X, Yue Q, Pan G. Exploring the environmental impact of crop production in China using a comprehensive footprint approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153898. [PMID: 35182617 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-nutrient-water cycles of farmland ecosystem not only provides support for crop production, but also has an impact on the environment. Comprehensively quantifying the impact of crop production on the environment can provide a basis for crop sustainable production. A series of environmental footprint approaches, including carbon footprint (CF), nitrogen footprint (NF) and water footprint (WF), were optimized to evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss and water resource consumption in crop production, and a comprehensive footprint method based on Endpoint modeling was proposed to evaluate the overall environmental impact of crop production in China. The CF, NF and WF of 28 forms of crop production varied from 1206.29 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) ha-1 of oil crops to 7326.37 kg CO2-eq ha-1 of fiber crops, 16.07 kg Nr-eq ha-1 of oil crops to 60.70 kg Nr-eq ha-1 of sugar crops, and 4032.04 m3 ha-1 oil crops to 12,476.28 m3 ha-1 of sugar crops, respectively. The contribution of each component to footprints varied greatly among different crops, and fertilizer manufacture, NH3 volatilization and green WF were generally the main contributors of CF, NF and WF, respectively. The total GHG emissions, Nr loss and water consumption were estimated to be 670.11 Tg CO2-eq, 5.50 Tg Nr-eq and 837.06 G m3 for all crop production of China. The greenhouse vegetable with the highest area-scaled comprehensive footprint was 4.5 times that of the oil crops which had the lowest one. The contribution of crop production to the corresponding environmental impact in China was as low as 3.7%, of which NH3 volatilization contributed 48% and grain production contributed 72%. Mineral N fertilization was the main driver of the variation of comprehensive footprint between provinces, with reduction of N fertilizer application as an important way to reduce the environmental impact of crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenao Wu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiangrui Xu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qian Yue
- Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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31
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Zhao H, Lakshmanan P, Wang X, Xiong H, Yang L, Liu B, Shi X, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang F. Global reactive nitrogen loss in orchard systems: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153462. [PMID: 35093357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Orchards account for about 5% of the agricultural land in the world, however the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer input in orchards is relatively large. Little is known about N input and its impact in orchards at the global scale. Therefore, in this study we systematically evaluated reactive nitrogen (Nr) loss in global orchards. A meta-analysis of 97 studies reported from 2000 to 2021 from different countries showed that the mean global N fertilizer input in orchards was 303 kg N ha-1 yr-1, and the estimated emission factor (EF) of nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) were 1.39% and 3.64%, respectively. Also, during the same period, orchard nitrate leaching factor (LF) reached 18.5%, and the runoff N loss factor (RF) and net fruit N removal factor (NRF) were estimated to be 2.75% and 5.31%, respectively. The apparent N balance of the global orchard system reached 68.4% of N input. N application increased the Nr loss in various pathways in the orchard. The N2O and NH3 emission and nitrate leaching were linearly correlated with N fertilizer application, and overuse of N resulted in substantial Nr loss. Regionally, the total Nr loss in developing countries was higher than developed countries. Average N input (405 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and Nr loss (102 kg N ha-1 yr-1) of orchards in Asia were the highest. The NH3 volatilization and runoff N loss of deciduous orchards were significantly higher than that of evergreen orchards. N application increased fruit yield, but excessive N input reduced the net fruit N removal (FNR). The results reported here fill an important knowledge gap of N balance analysis of orchards at a global scale and provided a framework for optimizing N management to achieve sustainable fruit production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530000, China; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4067, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Huaye Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; National Monitoring Station of Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency on Purple Soils, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100196, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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32
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Chao H, Sun M, Wu Y, Xia R, Yuan S, Hu F. Quantitative relationship between earthworms' sensitivity to organic pollutants and the contaminants' degradation in soil: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128286. [PMID: 35086042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using earthworms to remove soil organic pollutants is a common bioremediation method. However, it remains challenging to evaluate and predict their effect on removing soil organic pollutants based on earthworm toxicology and pollutant degradation rates. Peer-reviewed journal articles on ecotoxicology and bioremediation from the years 1974-2020 (cutoff date September 2020) were selected for meta-analysis to quantify the effect size of earthworms on organic pollutant degradation. The meta-analysis shows that the average effect size of earthworms on organic pollutant degradation is 128.5% (p < 0.05). Soils with high soil organic matter or clay textures are more conducive to earthworm-mediated removal of organic pollutants. Structural equation modeling reveals that earthworms' sensitivity to contaminant exposure may be a greater limiting factor on pollutant degradation than environmental factors. In addition, the quantitative relationship existed between LC50 and the pollutants' degradation that an elevated LC50 threshold resulted in at least 1.5 times increase in the pollutants' degradation size. This correlation was dually confirmed via meta-analysis and the validation trial. The results of this study contribute to a more profound understanding of the potential to use earthworms to mitigate organic pollution in soils and develop earthworm-based soil remediation techniques on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chao
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yunling Wu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rong Xia
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shujian Yuan
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Jiangsu Collaborative Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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33
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Meng F, Wang M, Strokal M, Kroeze C, Ma L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wei Z, Hou Y, Liu X, Xu W, Zhang F. Nitrogen losses from food production in the North China Plain: A case study for Quzhou. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151557. [PMID: 34762946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) management is essential for food security. The North China Plain is an important food producing region, but also a hotspot of N losses to the environment. This results in water, soil, and air pollution. In this study, we aim to quantify the relative contribution of different crops and animals to N losses, by taking the Quzhou county as a typical example in the North China Plain. We developed and applied a new version of the NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment, and Resource use (NUFER) model. Our model is based on updated information for N losses in Quzhou. Our results show that N losses to the environment from crop and animal production in Quzhou were approximately 9 kton in 2017. These high N losses can be explained by the low N use efficiency in food production because of poor N management. For crop production, wheat, maize, and vegetables contributed 80% to N losses. Ammonia emissions and N leaching have dominant shares in these N losses. Pigs and laying hens were responsible for 74% of N losses from animal production. Ammonia emissions to air and direct discharges of manure to water were the main contributors to these N losses. Effective reduction of N losses requires improving the nutrient management in crop (wheat, maize, vegetables) and animal (pigs, laying hens) production. Our work could support the Agricultural Green Development in the North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlei Meng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mengru Wang
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhibiao Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Yang Y, Liu L, Bai Z, Xu W, Zhang F, Zhang X, Liu X, Xie Y. Comprehensive quantification of global cropland ammonia emissions and potential abatement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151450. [PMID: 34742964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) emissions mostly from agriculture result in air pollution and degrade human health. However, a full picture of soil NH3 emissions and associated abatement in cropping systems are not well understood. Here we present a thorough analysis of cropland NH3 emissions, discuss mitigation potential and assess associated abatement costs. Global cropland NH3 emissions account for 26% of total soil nitrogen losses, and are estimated as 22.8-31.2 Tg N yr-1 during 1996-2013 with the increase rate of 1.6% yr-1. Our results also show that, with no increase in nitrogen fertilizer, climate change can contribute to an additional 10% increase in cropland NH3 emissions in 2100 compared to the 2010 baseline. Instead, our scenario analysis show, cropland NH3 emissions will decline by 26% from 2010 to 2100 given a 0.5% yr-1 decrease in N fertilizer (with current technology and agricultural management level), considering the facts stronger control policies are expected to occur worldwide including Western Europe, the United States of America and China. The most ambitious management (with all known mitigation practices) can reduce cropland NH3 emissions by up (71%, 17.6 Tg N yr-1) at an abatement cost of US$524 billion. Our findings indicate that cropland NH3 emissions can be mitigated through adoption of appropriate human management practices with considerable economic costs, providing a critical reference for the future NH3 abatement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaowen Xie
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ma R, Yu K, Xiao S, Liu S, Ciais P, Zou J. Data-driven estimates of fertilizer-induced soil NH 3 , NO and N 2 O emissions from croplands in China and their climate change impacts. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1008-1022. [PMID: 34738298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions from agricultural soils to the atmosphere constitute an integral part of global N cycle, directly or indirectly causing climate change impacts. The extensive use of N fertilizer in crop production will compromise our efforts to reduce agricultural Nr emissions in China. A national inventory of fertilizer N-induced gaseous Nr emissions from croplands in China remains to be developed to reveal its role in shaping climate change. Here we present a data-driven estimate of fertilizer N-induced soil Nr emissions based on regional and crop-specific emission factors (EFs) compiled from 379 manipulative studies. In China, agricultural soil Nr emissions from the use of synthetic N fertilizer and manure in 2018 are estimated to be 3.81 and 0.73 Tg N yr-1 , with a combined contribution of 23%, 20% and 15% to the global agricultural emission total of ammonia (NH3 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively. Over the past three decades, NH3 volatilization from croplands has experienced a shift from a rapid increase to a decline trend, whereas N2 O and NO emissions always maintain a strong growth momentum due to a robust and continuous rise of EFs. Regionally, croplands in Central south (1.51 Tg N yr-1 ) and East (0.99 Tg N yr-1 ) of China exhibit as hotspots of soil Nr emissions. In terms of crop-specific emissions, rice, maize and vegetable show as three leading Nr emitters, together accounting for 61% of synthetic N fertilizer-induced Nr emissions from croplands. The global warming effect derived from cropland N2 O emissions in China was found to dominate over the local cooling effects of NH3 and NO emissions. Our established regional and crop-specific EFs for gaseous Nr forms provide a new benchmark for constraining the IPCC Tier 1 default EF values. The spatio-temporal insight into soil Nr emission data from N fertilizer application in our estimate is expected to advance our efforts towards more accurate global or regional cropland Nr emission inventories and effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoya Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab and Engineering Center for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Du C, Guo Q, Zhang J. A review on moss nitrogen and isotope signatures evidence for atmospheric nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150765. [PMID: 34666089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Moss nitrogen (N) concentration and isotopic composition (δ15N) values can reveal a better understanding of atmospheric N deposition patterns. Here, we summarize the moss N content and δ15N signatures using data compiled from 104 papers. Based on the dataset, we summarize the models for assessing the level and reduced (NHx): oxidised compounds (NOx) ratio of atmospheric N deposition. Results showed a historical increase in N concentration and 15N depletion of specimen mosses close to anthropogenic N sources from intensive animal production and agricultural activities (NHx emission) since the 1800s. However, an increase of moss N with a less negative 15N observed in the last three decades could be due to a substantial fossil fuel combustion contributed NOx emission. Spatially, N deposition in Europe decreased due to successful control actions, but Asia has become a hotspot for NHx emission from agriculture. The present results highlight the importance of moss N and δ15N values for estimating atmospheric N deposition patterns at spatio-temporal trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Du
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Shakoor A, Dar AA, Arif MS, Farooq TH, Yasmeen T, Shahzad SM, Tufail MA, Ahmed W, Albasher G, Ashraf M. Do soil conservation practices exceed their relevance as a countermeasure to greenhouse gases emissions and increase crop productivity in agriculture? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150337. [PMID: 34543788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, agriculture sector is the significant source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions into the atmosphere. To achieve the goal of limiting or mitigating these emissions, a rigorous abatement strategy with an additional focus on improving crop productivity is now imperative. Replacing traditional agriculture with soil conservation-based farming can have numerous ecological benefits. However, most assessments only consider improvements in soil properties and crop productivity, and often preclude the quantitative impact analysis on GHGs emissions. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate crop productivity (i.e., biomass, grain, total yield) and GHGs emissions (i.e., CO2, N2O, CH4) for three major soil conservation practices i.e., no-tillage, manures, and biochar. We also examined the yield potential of three major cereal crops (i.e., wheat, rice, maize) and their significance in mitigating GHGs emissions. None of the manures were able to reduce GHGs emissions, with poultry manure being the largest contributor to all GHGs emissions. However, pig-manure had the greatest impact on crop yield while emitting the least CO2 emissions. Use of biochar showed a strong coupling effect between reduction of GHGs (i.e., CH4 by -37%; N2O by -25%; CO2 by -5%) and the increase in crop productivity. In contrast, no-tillage resulted in higher GHGs emissions with only a marginal increase in grain yield. Depending on crop type, all cereal crops showed varied degrees of GHGs mitigation under biochar application, with wheat responding most strongly due to the additional yield increment. The addition of biochar significantly reduced CO2 and N2O emissions under both rainfed and irrigated conditions, although CH4 reductions were identical in both agroecosystems. Interestingly, the use of biochar resulted in a greater yield benefit in rainfed than in irrigated agriculture. Despite significant GHGs emissions, manure application contributed to higher crop yields, regardless of soil type or agroecosystem. Moreover, no-tillage showed a significant reduction in CH4 and N2O emissions under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Notably , biochar application in coarse while no-till in fine textured soils contributed to N2O mitigation. Most importantly, effectiveness of no-tillage as a countermeasure to GHGs emissions while providing yield benefits is inconsistent. Overall, the decision to use farm manures should be reconsidered due to higher GHGs emissions. We conclude that the use of biochar could be an ideal way to reduce GHGs emissions. However, further understanding of the underlying mechanisms and processes affecting GHGs emissions is needed to better understand the feedback effects in conservation agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Afzal Ahmed Dar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, a joint unit of Bangor University, Wales, UK and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences & Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aammar Tufail
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
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Asibi AE, Yin W, Hu F, Fan Z, Gou Z, Yang H, Guo Y, Chai Q. Optimized nitrogen rate, plant density, and irrigation level reduced ammonia emission and nitrate leaching on maize farmland in the oasis area of China. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12762. [PMID: 35111400 PMCID: PMC8783566 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizers play a key role in crop production to meet global food demand. Inappropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with poor irrigation and other crop management practices threaten agriculture and environmental sustainability. Over application of nitrogen fertilizer increases nitrogen gas emission and nitrate leaching. A field experiment was conducted in China's oasis irrigation area in 2018 and 2019 to determine which nitrogen rate, plant density, and irrigation level in sole maize (Zea mays L.) cropping system reduce ammonia emission and nitrate leaching. Three nitrogen rates of urea (46-0-0 of N-P2O5-K2O), at (N0 = 0 kg N ha-1, N1 = 270 kg N ha-1, and N2 = 360 kg N ha-1) were combined with three plant densities (D1 = 75,000 plants/ha-1, D2 = 97,500 plants/ha-1, and D3 = 120,000 plants/ha-1) with two irrigation levels (W1 = 5,250 m3/hm2 and W2 = 4,740 m3/hm2) using a randomized complete block design. The results showed that, both the main and interaction effects of nitrogen rate, plant density, and irrigation level reduced nitrate leaching (p < 0.05). In addition, irrigation level × nitrogen rate significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ammonia emission. Nitrate leaching and ammonia emission decreased with higher irrigation level and higher plant density. However, high nitrogen rates increased both nitrate leaching and ammonia emission. The study found lowest leaching (0.35 mg kg-1) occurring at the interaction of 270 kg N ha-1 × 120,000 plants/ha-1 × 4,740 m3/hm2, and higher plant density of 120,000 plants/ha-1 combined with 0 kg N ha-1 and irrigation level of 5,250 m3/hm2 recorded the lowest ammonia emission (0.001 kg N)-1. Overall, ammonia emission increased as days after planting increased while nitrate leaching decreased in deeper soil depths. These findings show that, though the contributory roles of days after planting, soil depth, amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied and year of cultivation cannot be undermined, it is possible to reduce nitrate leaching and ammonia emission through optimized nitrogen rate, plant density and regulated irrigation for agricultural and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziiba Emmanuel Asibi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research–Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Bawku, Ghana
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Falong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhilong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Xu X, Ouyang X, Gu Y, Cheng K, Smith P, Sun J, Li Y, Pan G. Climate change may interact with nitrogen fertilizer management leading to different ammonia loss in China's croplands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6525-6535. [PMID: 34478590 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite research into the response of ammonia (NH3 ) volatilization in farmland to various meteorological factors, the potential impact of future climate change on NH3 volatilization is not fully understood. Based on a database consisting of 1063 observations across China, nonlinear NH3 models considering crop type, meteorological, soil and management variables were established via four machine learning methods, including support vector machine, multi-layer perceptron, gradient boosting machine and random forest (RF). The RF model had the highest R2 of 0.76 and the lowest RMSE of 0.82 kg NH3 -N ha-1 , showing the best simulation capability. Results of model importance indicated that NH3 volatilization was mainly controlled by total input of N fertilizer, followed by meteorological factors, human managements and soil characteristics. The NH3 emissions of China's cereal production (paddy rice, wheat and maize) in 2018 was estimated to be 3.3 Mt NH3 -N. By 2050, NH3 volatilization will increase by 23.1-32.0% under different climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways, RCPs), and climate change will have the greatest impact on NH3 volatilization in the Yangtze river agro-region of China due to high warming effects. However, the potential increase in NH3 volatilization under future climate change can be mitigated by 26.1-47.5% through various N fertilizer management optimization options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Xu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Ouyang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Gu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jianfei Sun
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Center of Climate Change and Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Sha Z, Liu H, Wang J, Ma X, Liu X, Misselbrook T. Improved soil-crop system management aids in NH 3 emission mitigation in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117844. [PMID: 34340184 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High ammonia (NH3) emissions from fertilized soil in China have led to various concerns regarding environmental safety and public health. In response to China's blue skies protection campaign, effective NH3 reduction measures need to consider both mitigation efficiency and food security. In this context, we conducted a meta-analysis (including 2980 observations from 447 studies) to select effective measures based on absolute (AV) and yield-scaled (YSAV) NH3 volatilization reduction potential, with the aim of establishing a comprehensive NH3 mitigation framework covering various crop production sectors, and offering a range of potential solutions. The results showed that manipulating crop density, using an intermittent irrigation regime for paddy field rice, applying N as split applications or partially substituting inorganic fertilizer N with organic N sources could achieve reductions in AV and YSAV reduction of 10-20 %; adopting drip irrigation regimes, adding water surface barrier films to paddy fields, or using double inhibitor (urease and nitrification), slow-release or biofertilizers could achieve 20-40 % mitigation; plastic film mulching, applying fertilizer by irrigation or using controlled-release fertilizers could yield 40-60 % reduction; use of a urease inhibitor, fully substituting fertilizer N with organic N, or applying fertilizer by deep placement could decrease AV and YSAV by over 60 %. In addition, use of soil amendments, applying suitable inorganic N sources, or adopting crop rotation, intercropping or a rice-fish production model all had significant benefits to control AV. The adoption of any particular strategy should consider local accessibility and affordability, direct intervention by local/government authorities and demonstration to encourage the uptake of technologies and practices, particularly in NH3 pollution hotspot areas. Together, this could ensure food security and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hejing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Soil-Plant Interactions of MOE, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Nutrient Budgeting — A Robust Indicator of Soil–Water–Air Contamination Monitoring and Prevention. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lee J, Choi S, Lee Y, Kim SY. Impact of manure compost amendments on NH 3 volatilization in rice paddy ecosystems during cultivation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117726. [PMID: 34329066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Livestock manure has been widely used in agriculture to improve soil productivity and quality. However, intensive application can significantly enhance soil nitrogen (N) availability and facilitate ammonia (NH3) volatilization during rice cultivation. The effects of different rates of manure application on the NH3 volatilization rate, its mechanism, and their relationships have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, field trials were conducted to investigate NH3 volatilization in rice paddy soils amended with different livestock manure, cattle manure (CM), and swine manure (SM), at a rate of 0 (NPK), 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha-1 during cultivation. Moreover, the soil physicochemical and biological properties and rice N uptake were investigated. Ultra-fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured quantitatively and qualitatively. Manure application significantly increased NH3 emissions compared to the control. Much higher volatilization rates were observed in the SM soils than in the CM soils, even when the same amount of N was applied. This is mainly related to the higher labile NH4+ concentration and urease activity in SM soils. With increasing application levels, NH3 emission rates proportionally increased in the SM, but there was no significant difference in the CM. Livestock manure application significantly increased NH3 volatilization, particularly during the initial manure application and additional fertilization stages during rice cultivation. The results showed that the application of livestock manure significantly increased NH3 volatilization. Moreover, the biochemical properties of manure composts, including labile N and urease activity, mainly affected NH3 dynamics in rice paddies during cultivation rather than their type. Irrespective of manure application, PM2.5, did not show a significant difference at the initial stage of cultivation. NH3 volatilization was not significantly correlated with the formation of PM2.5. It is necessary to develop effective strategies for mitigating NH3 volatilization and maintaining soil quality without decreasing rice productivity in paddy ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Choi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Life Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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He Y, Xu R, Prior SA, Yang D, Yang A, Chen J. Satellite-detected ammonia changes in the United States: Natural or anthropogenic impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147899. [PMID: 34323822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is the most abundant alkaline component and can react with atmospheric acidic species to form aerosols that can lead to numerous environmental and health issues. Increasing atmospheric NH3 over agricultural regions in the US has been documented. However, spatiotemporal changes of NH3 concentrations over the entire US are still not thoroughly understood, and the factors that drive these changes remain unknown. Herein, we applied the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) monthly NH3 dataset to explore spatiotemporal changes in atmospheric NH3 and the empirical relationships with synthetic N fertilizer application, livestock manure production, and climate factors across the entire US at both regional and pixel levels from 2002 to 2016. We found that, in addition to the US Midwest, the Mid-South and Western regions also experienced striking increases in NH3 concentrations. NH3 released from livestock manure during warmer winters contributed to increased annual NH3 concentrations in the Western US. The influence of temperature on temporal evolution of NH3 concentrations was associated with synthetic N fertilizer use in the Northern Great Plains. With a strong positive impact of temperature on NH3 concentrations in the US Midwest, this region could possibly become an atmospheric NH3 hotspot in the context of future warming. Our study provides an essential scientific basis for US policy makers in developing mitigation strategies for agricultural NH3 emissions under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian He
- Department of Geography, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR, USA
| | - Rongting Xu
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | | | - Di Yang
- Wyoming Geographic Information Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Anni Yang
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; National Wildlife Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Smart Farming Technologies in Arable Farming: Towards a Holistic Assessment of Opportunities and Risks. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural production finds itself in an area of tension. As a critical infrastructure, it has the task of reliably feeding a growing global population and supplying it with energy. However, the negative environmental impacts caused by agriculture, such as the global loss of biodiversity and the emission of greenhouse gases, are to be reduced. The increasing use of digital technologies is often described as a panacea that enables sustainable agriculture. The relevant literature is very dynamic, but the large number of concepts and terminologies used makes it difficult to obtain an overall view. In addition, many contributions focus on presumed or modeled efficiency gains, but this ignores technical and societal prerequisites and barriers. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify the opportunities and risks of smart farming (SF) for more ecological arable farming. For this purpose, a holistic and environmental view was taken. The potential of SF to aid in the reduction in the environmental impacts of individual agricultural work steps was examined via an analysis of current literature. In addition, rebound effects, acceptance barriers and political omissions were considered as risks that prevent the benefits from being realized. It was shown that SF is able to contribute to a significant reduction in the negative environmental effects of agriculture. In particular, a reduction in fertilizer and pesticide application rates through mapping, sensing and precise application can lead to environmental benefits. However, achieving this requires the minimization of existing risks. For this reason, a proactive role of the state is required, implementing the necessary governance measures.
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A Comparison, Validation, and Evaluation of the S-world Global Soil Property Database. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increased usage of global soil property maps, a proper review of the maps rarely takes place. This study aims to explore the options for such a review with an application for the S-World global soil property database. Global soil organic carbon (SOC) and clay content maps from S-World were studied at two spatial resolutions in three steps. First, a comparative analysis with an ensemble of seven datasets derived from five other global soil databases was done. Second, a validation of S-World was done with independent soil observations from the WoSIS soil profile database. Third, a methodological evaluation of S-world took place by looking at the variation of soil properties per soil type and short distance variability. In the comparative analysis, S-World and the ensemble of other maps show similar spatial patterns. However, the ensemble locally shows large discrepancies (e.g., in boreal regions where typically SOC contents are high and the sampling density is low). Overall, the results show that S-World is not deviating strongly from the model ensemble (91% of the area falls within a 1.5% SOC range in the topsoil). The validation with the WoSIS database showed that S-World was able to capture a large part of the variation (with, e.g., a root mean square difference of 1.7% for SOC in the topsoil and a mean difference of 1.2%). Finally, the methodological evaluation revealed that estimates of the ranges of soil properties for the different soil types can be improved by using the larger WoSIS database. It is concluded that the review through the comparison, validation, and evaluation provides a good overview of the strengths and the weaknesses of S-World. The three approaches to review the database each provide specific insights regarding the quality of the database. Specific evaluation criteria for an application will determine whether S-World is a suitable soil database for use in global environmental studies.
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