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Liu Z, Wang X, Jia G, Jiang J, Liao B. Introduction of broadleaf tree species can promote the resource use efficiency and gross primary productivity of pure forests. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39177516 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Long-term pure forest (PF) management and successive planting has result resulted in "low-efficiency artificial forests" in large areas. However, controversy persists over the promoting effect of introduction of broadleaf tree species on production efficiency of PF. This study hypothesised that introduced broadleaf tree species can significantly promote both water-nutrient use efficiency and gross primary productivity (GPP)of PF. Tree ring chronologies, water source, water use efficiency and GPP were analysed in coniferous Cunninghamia lanceolata and broadleaved Phoebe zhennan growing over the past three decades. The introduction of P. zhennan into C. lanceolata plantations resulted in inter-specific competition for water, probably because of the similarity of the main water source of these two tree species. However, C. lanceolata absorbed more water with a higher nutrient level from the 40-60-cm soil layer in mixed forests (MF). Although the co-existing tree species limited the basal area increment and growth rates of C. lanceolata in MF plots, the acquisition of dissolved nutrients from the fertile topsoil layer were enhanced; this increased the water use efficiency and GPP of MF plots. To achieve better ecological benefits and GPP, MFs should be constructed in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guodong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Xu X, Liu J, Jiao F, Zhang K, Yang Y, Qiu J, Zhu Y, Lin N, Zou C. Spatial variations and mechanisms for the stability of water use efficiency in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1254395. [PMID: 37810375 PMCID: PMC10552151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1254395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A clearer understanding of the stability of water use efficiency (WUE) and its driving factors contributes to improving water use efficiency and strengthening water resource management. However, the stability of WUE is unclear. Based on the EEMD method, this study analyses the spatial variations and mechanisms for the stability of WUE in China, especially in the National Forest Protection Project (NFPP) areas. It is found that the stable WUE was dominated by non-significant trends and increasing trends in China, accounting for 33.59% and 34.19%, respectively. The non-significant trend of stable WUE was mainly located in the Three-North shelterbelt program area, and the increasing trend of stable WUE was in Huaihe and Taihu, Taihang Mountains, and Pearl River shelterbelt program areas. Precipitation and soil moisture promoted the stable WUE in these project areas. The unstable WUE was dominated by positive reversals or negative reversals of WUE trends. The positive reversals of unstable WUE were mainly located in the Yellow River shelterbelt program areas, which was promoted by temperature and radiation, while the negative reversals of unstable WUE were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River and Liaohe shelterbelt program areas, which were mainly induced by saturation water vapor pressure difference (VPD). Our results highlight that some ecological restoration programs need to be improved to cope with the negative climate impact on the stability of WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Fusheng Jiao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Naifeng Lin
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
| | - Changxin Zou
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEE, Nanjing, China
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3
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Chen W, Liu S, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Feng S, Wang Z, Wu Y, Xiao J, Yuan W, Yan W, Ju H, Wang Q. Temporal dynamics of ecosystem, inherent, and underlying water use efficiencies of forests, grasslands, and croplands and their responses to climate change. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 37450075 PMCID: PMC10347772 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-023-00232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding temporal trends and varying responses of water use efficiency (WUE) to environmental changes of diverse ecosystems is key to predicting vegetation growth. WUE dynamics of major ecosystem types (e.g., forest, grassland and cropland) have been studied using various WUE definitions/metrics, but a comparative study on WUE dynamics and their driving forces among different ecosystem types using multiple WUE metrics is lacking. We used eddy covariance measurements for 42 FLUXNET2015 sites (396 site years) from 1997 to 2014, as well as three commonly used WUE metrics (i.e., ecosystem, inherent, and underlying WUE) to investigate the commonalities and differences in WUE trends and driving factors among deciduous broadleaf forests (DBFs), evergreen needleleaf forests (ENFs), grasslands, and croplands. RESULTS Our results showed that the temporal trends of WUE were not statistically significant at 73.8% of the forest, grassland and cropland sites, and none of the three WUE metrics exhibited better performance than the others in quantifying WUE. Meanwhile, the trends observed for the three WUE metrics were not significantly different among forest, grassland and cropland ecosystems. In addition, WUE was mainly driven by atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration at sites with significant WUE trends, and by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) at sites without significant trends (except cropland). CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the commonalities and differences in the application of three WUE metrics in disparate ecosystems, and further highlighted the important effect of VPD on WUE change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Shuqing Zhao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Shuailong Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, Guangdong, China
| | - Wende Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Mathias JM, Smith KR, Lantz KE, Allen KT, Wright MJ, Sabet A, Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Thomas RB. Differences in leaf gas exchange strategies explain Quercus rubra and Liriodendron tulipifera intrinsic water use efficiency responses to air pollution and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3449-3462. [PMID: 36897273 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Trees continuously regulate leaf physiology to acquire CO2 while simultaneously avoiding excessive water loss. The balance between these two processes, or water use efficiency (WUE), is fundamentally important to understanding changes in carbon uptake and transpiration from the leaf to the globe under environmental change. While increasing atmospheric CO2 (iCO2 ) is known to increase tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), less clear are the additional impacts of climate and acidic air pollution and how they vary by tree species. Here, we couple annually resolved long-term records of tree-ring carbon isotope signatures with leaf physiological measurements of Quercus rubra (Quru) and Liriodendron tulipifera (Litu) at four study locations spanning nearly 100 km in the eastern United States to reconstruct historical iWUE, net photosynthesis (Anet ), and stomatal conductance to water (gs ) since 1940. We first show 16%-25% increases in tree iWUE since the mid-20th century, primarily driven by iCO2 , but also document the individual and interactive effects of nitrogen (NOx ) and sulfur (SO2 ) air pollution overwhelming climate. We find evidence for Quru leaf gas exchange being less tightly regulated than Litu through an analysis of isotope-derived leaf internal CO2 (Ci ), particularly in wetter, recent years. Modeled estimates of seasonally integrated Anet and gs revealed a 43%-50% stimulation of Anet was responsible for increasing iWUE in both tree species throughout 79%-86% of the chronologies with reductions in gs attributable to the remaining 14%-21%, building upon a growing body of literature documenting stimulated Anet overwhelming reductions in gs as a primary mechanism of increasing iWUE of trees. Finally, our results underscore the importance of considering air pollution, which remains a major environmental issue in many areas of the world, alongside climate in the interpretation of leaf physiology derived from tree rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Mathias
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth R Smith
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kristin E Lantz
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Keanan T Allen
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marvin J Wright
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Afsoon Sabet
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kristina J Anderson-Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology Center, Smithsonian's National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA
- Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Richard B Thomas
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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5
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Hong Y, Liu X, Camarero JJ, Xu G, Zhang L, Zeng X, Aritsara ANA, Zhang Y, Wang W, Xing X, Lu Q. The effects of intrinsic water-use efficiency and climate on wood anatomy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00484-023-02475-7. [PMID: 37072578 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming may induce growth decline in warm-temperate areas subjected to seasonal soil moisture deficit, whereas increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) is expected to enhance tree growth. An accurate understanding of tree growth and physiological processes responding to climate warming and increasing Ca is critical. Here, we analyzed tree-ring stable carbon isotope and wood anatomical traits of Pinus tabuliformis from Qinling Mountains in China to understand how lumen diameter (LD) determining potential hydraulic conductivity and cell-wall thickness (CWT) determining carbon storage responded to climate and Ca. The effects of climate and Ca on intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) were isolated, and iWUE values due to only-climate (iWUEClim) and only-CO2 effects (iWUECO2) were obtained. During a low-iWUE period, the influences of climate on earlywood (EW) LD and latewood (LW) CWT prevailed. During a high-iWUE period, CO2 fertilization promoted cell enlargement and carbon storage but this was counteracted by a negative influence of climate warming. The limiting direct effects of iWUEClim and indirect effects of climate on EW LD were greater than on LW CWT. P. tabuliformis in temperate forests will face a decline of growth and carbon fixation, but will produce embolism-resistant tracheids with narrow lumen responding to future hotter droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Hong
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, 50092, Spain
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lingnan Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaomin Zeng
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Amy Ny Aina Aritsara
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- Qinling National Botanical Garden, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qiangqiang Lu
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province (Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province), Xi'an, 710061, China
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6
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Mathias JM, Hudiburg TW. isocalcR: An R package to streamline and standardize stable isotope calculations in ecological research. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:7428-7436. [PMID: 36002391 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of stable isotopes to characterize ecosystem dynamics and infer leaf gas exchange processes has become increasingly prevalent over the last few decades within the ecological community. While advancements in theory and our understanding of the physiological processes controlling isotopic signatures in plants has been well-documented, no standardized tool currently exists to facilitate the computation of common isotope-derived plant physiological indices. Here, we present isocalcR, an R package intended to facilitate the use of stable isotope data from plant tissues by providing an integrated collection of functions and recommended reference data. The isocalcR R package contains a suite of functions that compute leaf carbon isotope discrimination (∆13 C), leaf intercellular [CO2 ], the ratio of leaf intercellular to atmospheric [CO2 ], the difference between atmospheric and leaf intercellular [CO2 ], and intrinsic water use efficiency from carbon isotope signatures in leaf or wood tissue with minimal inputs from the user. isocalcR also implements and provides recommended input atmospheric [CO2 ] (ppm) and atmospheric δ13 CO2 (‰) data for the period 0-2021 C.E. A major goal of isocalcR is to provide a standardized, open-source tool to streamline the calculation of reproducible physiological indices from stable isotope signatures in plant tissues, incorporating the most up-to-date theory, while simultaneously eliminating potential errors associated with complex calculations. isocalcR can be used for any location globally as long as the user provides information regarding temperature and elevation to the main workhorse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Mathias
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Tara W Hudiburg
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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7
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Guerrieri R, Belmecheri S, Asbjornsen H, Xiao J, Hollinger DY, Clark K, Jennings K, Kolb TE, Munger JW, Richardson AD, Ollinger SV. Detecting long-term changes in stomatal conductance: challenges and opportunities of tree-ring δ 18 O proxy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:809-812. [PMID: 36200333 PMCID: PMC9828385 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Guerrieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesAlma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna4127BolognaItaly
| | | | - Heidi Asbjornsen
- Earth Systems Research CenterUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH03824USA
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research CenterUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH03824USA
| | - David Y. Hollinger
- Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceDurhamNH03824USA
| | - Kenneth Clark
- Silas Little Experimental Forest, Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceNew LisbonNJ08064USA
| | - Katie Jennings
- Northern Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Forest ServiceDurhamNH03824USA
| | - Thomas E. Kolb
- School of ForestryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ86011USA
| | - J. William Munger
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Andrew D. Richardson
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber SystemsNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ86011USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZ86011USA
| | - Scott V. Ollinger
- Earth Systems Research CenterUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH03824USA
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8
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Gong XY, Ma WT, Yu YZ, Fang K, Yang Y, Tcherkez G, Adams MA. Overestimated gains in water-use efficiency by global forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4923-4934. [PMID: 35490304 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increases in terrestrial water-use efficiency (WUE) have been reported in many studies, pointing to potential changes in physiological forcing of global carbon and hydrological cycles. However, gains in WUE are of uncertain magnitude over longer (i.e. >10 years) periods of time largely owing to difficulties in accounting for structural and physiological acclimation. 13 C signatures (i.e. δ13 C) of plant organic matter have long been used to estimate WUE at temporal scales ranging from days to centuries. Mesophyll conductance is a key uncertainty in estimated WUE owing to its influence on diffusion of CO2 to sites of carboxylation. Here we apply new knowledge of mesophyll conductance to 464 δ13 C chronologies in tree-rings of 143 species spanning global biomes. Adjusted for mesophyll conductance, gains in WUE during the 20th century (0.15 ppm year-1 ) were considerably smaller than those estimated from conventional modelling (0.26 ppm year-1 ). Across the globe, mean sensitivity of WUE to atmospheric CO2 was 0.15 ppm ppm-1 . Ratios of internal-to-atmospheric CO2 (on a mole fraction basis; ci /ca ) in leaves were mostly constant over time but differed among biomes and plant taxa-highlighting the significance of both plant structure and physiology. Together with synchronized responses in stomatal and mesophyll conductance, our results suggest that ratios of chloroplastic-to-atmospheric CO2 (cc /ca ) are constrained over time. We conclude that forest WUE may have not increased as much as previously suggested and that projections of future climate forcing via CO2 fertilization may need to be adjusted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Keyan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Anderson‐Teixeira KJ, Herrmann V, Rollinson CR, Gonzalez B, Gonzalez‐Akre EB, Pederson N, Alexander MR, Allen CD, Alfaro‐Sánchez R, Awada T, Baltzer JL, Baker PJ, Birch JD, Bunyavejchewin S, Cherubini P, Davies SJ, Dow C, Helcoski R, Kašpar J, Lutz JA, Margolis EQ, Maxwell JT, McMahon SM, Piponiot C, Russo SE, Šamonil P, Sniderhan AE, Tepley AJ, Vašíčková I, Vlam M, Zuidema PA. Joint effects of climate, tree size, and year on annual tree growth derived from tree-ring records of ten globally distributed forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:245-266. [PMID: 34653296 PMCID: PMC9298236 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tree rings provide an invaluable long-term record for understanding how climate and other drivers shape tree growth and forest productivity. However, conventional tree-ring analysis methods were not designed to simultaneously test effects of climate, tree size, and other drivers on individual growth. This has limited the potential to test ecologically relevant hypotheses on tree growth sensitivity to environmental drivers and their interactions with tree size. Here, we develop and apply a new method to simultaneously model nonlinear effects of primary climate drivers, reconstructed tree diameter at breast height (DBH), and calendar year in generalized least squares models that account for the temporal autocorrelation inherent to each individual tree's growth. We analyze data from 3811 trees representing 40 species at 10 globally distributed sites, showing that precipitation, temperature, DBH, and calendar year have additively, and often interactively, influenced annual growth over the past 120 years. Growth responses were predominantly positive to precipitation (usually over ≥3-month seasonal windows) and negative to temperature (usually maximum temperature, over ≤3-month seasonal windows), with concave-down responses in 63% of relationships. Climate sensitivity commonly varied with DBH (45% of cases tested), with larger trees usually more sensitive. Trends in ring width at small DBH were linked to the light environment under which trees established, but basal area or biomass increments consistently reached maxima at intermediate DBH. Accounting for climate and DBH, growth rate declined over time for 92% of species in secondary or disturbed stands, whereas growth trends were mixed in older forests. These trends were largely attributable to stand dynamics as cohorts and stands age, which remain challenging to disentangle from global change drivers. By providing a parsimonious approach for characterizing multiple interacting drivers of tree growth, our method reveals a more complete picture of the factors influencing growth than has previously been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Valentine Herrmann
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Bianca Gonzalez
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Erika B. Gonzalez‐Akre
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | | | - M. Ross Alexander
- Midwest Dendro LLCNapervilleIllinoisUSA
- Present address:
Decision and Infrastructure SciencesArgonne National LaboratoryLamontIllinoisUSA
| | - Craig D. Allen
- Department of Geography & Environmental StudiesUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Tala Awada
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Patrick J. Baker
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesUniversity of MelbourneRichmondVIC.Australia
| | | | | | - Paolo Cherubini
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape ResearchBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Stuart J. Davies
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Cameron Dow
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Ryan Helcoski
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
| | - Jakub Kašpar
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | - James A. Lutz
- S. J. & Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources and the Ecology CenterUtah State UniversityLoganUtahUSA
| | - Ellis Q. Margolis
- Fort Collins Science CenterU.S. Geological SurveyNew Mexico Landscapes Field StationLos AlamosNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Sean M. McMahon
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMarylandUSA
| | - Camille Piponiot
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Forest Global Earth ObservatorySmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutePanamaRepublic of Panama
- CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Sabrina E. Russo
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of NebraskaLincolnUSA
| | - Pavel Šamonil
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Alan J. Tepley
- Conservation Ecology CenterSmithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteFront RoyalVirginiaUSA
- Canadian Forest ServiceNorthern Forestry CentreEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Ivana Vašíčková
- Department of Forest EcologyThe Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental GardeningBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningenThe Netherlands
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Lavergne A, Hemming D, Prentice IC, Guerrieri R, Oliver RJ, Graven H. Global decadal variability of plant carbon isotope discrimination and its link to gross primary production. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:524-541. [PMID: 34626040 PMCID: PMC9298043 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13 C) in C3 woody plants is a key variable for the study of photosynthesis. Yet how Δ13 C varies at decadal scales, and across regions, and how it is related to gross primary production (GPP), are still incompletely understood. Here we address these questions by implementing a new Δ13 C modelling capability in the land-surface model JULES incorporating both photorespiratory and mesophyll-conductance fractionations. We test the ability of four leaf-internal CO2 concentration models embedded in JULES to reproduce leaf and tree-ring (TR) carbon isotopic data. We show that all the tested models tend to overestimate average Δ13 C values, and to underestimate interannual variability in Δ13 C. This is likely because they ignore the effects of soil water stress on stomatal behavior. Variations in post-photosynthetic isotopic fractionations across species, sites and years, may also partly explain the discrepancies between predicted and TR-derived Δ13 C values. Nonetheless, the "least-cost" (Prentice) model shows the lowest biases with the isotopic measurements, and lead to improved predictions of canopy-level carbon and water fluxes. Overall, modelled Δ13 C trends vary strongly between regions during the recent (1979-2016) historical period but stay nearly constant when averaged over the globe. Photorespiratory and mesophyll effects modulate the simulated global Δ13 C trend by 0.0015 ± 0.005‰ and -0.0006 ± 0.001‰ ppm-1 , respectively. These predictions contrast with previous findings based on atmospheric carbon isotope measurements. Predicted Δ13 C and GPP tend to be negatively correlated in wet-humid and cold regions, and in tropical African forests, but positively related elsewhere. The negative correlation between Δ13 C and GPP is partly due to the strong dominant influences of temperature on GPP and vapor pressure deficit on Δ13 C in those forests. Our results demonstrate that the combined analysis of Δ13 C and GPP can help understand the drivers of photosynthesis changes in different climatic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Hemming
- Met Office Hadley CentreExeterUK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchBirminghamUK
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Department of Life SciencesGeorgina Mace Centre for the Living PlanetImperial College LondonAscotUK
- Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the EnvironmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rossella Guerrieri
- Department of Agricultural and Food SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Heather Graven
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the EnvironmentImperial College LondonLondonUK
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11
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Rapid increases in shrubland and forest intrinsic water-use efficiency during an ongoing megadrought. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2118052118. [PMID: 34930849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118052118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) has risen dramatically over the past century in concert with increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration. This increase could be further accelerated by long-term drought events, such as the ongoing multidecadal "megadrought" in the American Southwest. However, direct measurements of iWUE in this region are rare and largely constrained to trees, which may bias estimates of iWUE trends toward more mesic, high elevation areas and neglect the responses of other key plant functional types such as shrubs that are dominant across much of the region. Here, we found evidence that iWUE is increasing in the Southwest at one of the fastest rates documented due to the recent drying trend. These increases were particularly large across three common shrub species, which had a greater iWUE sensitivity to aridity than Pinus ponderosa, a common tree species in the western United States. The sensitivity of both shrub and tree iWUE to variability in atmospheric aridity exceeded their sensitivity to increasing atmospheric [CO2]. The shift to more water-efficient vegetation would be, all else being equal, a net positive for plant health. However, ongoing trends toward lower plant density, diminished growth, and increasing vegetation mortality across the Southwest indicate that this increase in iWUE is unlikely to offset the negative impacts of aridification.
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12
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Zhang Q, Luo D, Yang L, Xie J, Yang Z, Zhou J, Li X, Xiong D, Chen Y, Yang Y. Variations in Rainfall Affect the Responses of Foliar Chemical Properties of Cunninghamia lanceolata Seedlings to Soil Warming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:705861. [PMID: 34394162 PMCID: PMC8363246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.705861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is becoming an increasingly serious threat. Understanding plant stoichiometry changes under climate warming is crucial for predicting the effects of future warming on terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Nevertheless, how plant stoichiometry responds to warming when interannual rainfall variation is considered, remains poorly understood. We performed a field soil warming experiment (+5°C) using buried heating cables in subtropical areas of China from 2015 to 2018. Stoichiometric patterns of foliar C:N:P:K:Ca:Mg, non-structural carbohydrate, and stable isotope of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings were studied. Our results showed that soil warming decreased foliar P and K concentrations, C:Ca, P:Ca, and P:Mg ratios. However, soil warming increased foliar Ca concentration, δ15N value, C:P and N:P ratios. The response ratios of foliar N, C:N, and δ15N to soil warming were correlated with rainfall. Our findings indicate that there was non-homeostasis of N and C:N under warming conditions. Three possible reasons for this result are considered and include interannual variations in rainfall, increased loss of N, and N limitation in leaves. Piecewise structural equation models showed that stoichiometric non-homeostasis indirectly affected the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings in response to soil warming. Consequently, the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings remained unchanged under the warming treatment. Taken together, our results advance the understanding of how altered foliar stoichiometry relates to changes in plant growth in response to climate warming. Our results emphasize the importance of rainfall variations for modulating the responses of plant chemical properties to warming. This study provides a useful method for predicting the effects of climate warming on economically important timber species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Zhang
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liuming Yang
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Xie
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiacong Zhou
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Decheng Xiong
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuehmin Chen
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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