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Seron MA, Nunes GP, Ferrisse TM, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Dos Santos PH, Gomes-Filho JE, Cintra LTA, Sivieri-Araujo G. Influence of bioceramic sealers on dentinal tubule penetration and antimicrobial effectiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies. Odontology 2024; 112:672-699. [PMID: 38374511 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to evaluate whether bioceramic sealers have better penetration capacity in dentinal tubules and antimicrobial activity when compared to AH Plus® sealer. This SRM was recorded in the Open Science Framework database and followed the guidelines of the PRISMA 2020. Five databases were searched by two independent reviewers. Only in vitro studies that evaluated the effects of bioceramic sealers on dentinal tubule penetration and antimicrobial activity outcomes compared to AH Plus® sealer were included. Meta-analysis was conducted using R software, using the effect measure of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and inverse variance method. A modified Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist was used for the risk of bias assessment. A total of 1486 studies were identified, and only 54 studies that fulfilled our eligibility criteria were included in this review. There was no statistical difference between the sealers evaluated for dentinal tubule penetration, in the thirds evaluated: coronal SMD 0.58 [0.14; 1.31], p = 0.12; middle SMD 0.07 [0.54; 0.39], p = 0.75; and apical SMD 0.08 [0.73; 0.56], p = 0.80. Both sealers demonstrated similar antimicrobial action (SMD [3.42; 5.32], p = 0.67 and SMD 0.67 [1.89; 0.55], p = 0.28). The studies presented a low risk of bias. Based on the in vitro studies included and according to the limitations of the present review, the data suggest that bioceramic and AH Plus® sealers present similar penetration capacity in dentinal tubules and antimicrobial effect, making them suitable materials to be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Augusto Seron
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil.
| | - Tulio Morandin Ferrisse
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rua José Bonifácio 1193, Araçatuba, SP, 16015-050, Brazil
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Tavares LCT, Canal Vasconcellos BDL, Maia CA, Marquiore LF, Benetti F, Ribeiro Sobrinho AP, Tavares WLF. The Influence of Bioceramic Cements on the Activity of Macrophages of Different Lineages: A Laboratory Study. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00359-5. [PMID: 38908681 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The repair process of periradicular tissues depends, among other factors, on the properties of endodontic cements. Macrophages are among the main cells involved in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine peritoneal macrophages obtained from C57BL/6 (MBL6) and BALB/c (MBalb) mice, respectively, were cultured with capillaries containing or not Endosequence BC Sealer (BC), Sealer Plus BC (MK), Bio-C Sealer (Ang), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Cell viability was measured by Trypan blue and MTT methods at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell adhesion, phagocytosis of Saccharomyces boulardii, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were also evaluated. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test (P < .05). RESULTS Cell viability was similar between bioceramic sealers and MTA (P > .05). There was no statistical difference between both macrophages when adherence and phagocytose were assayed. The presence of inflammation stimulus significantly altered the production of ROS by MBL6 macrophages in contact with the cements. The production of TGF-β was similar for both lineages of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the evaluated bioceramic cements do not interfere with MBL6 and MBalb macrophage adhesion, phagocytic capacity, or TGF-β production. The cements stimulated the production of ROS by MBL6 macrophages in response to induced inflammation, potentially favoring the elimination of residual pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layara Cristine Tomaz Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Andrade Maia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fassarela Marquiore
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Paulino Ribeiro Sobrinho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Warley Luciano Fonseca Tavares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Lee YJ, Cho KM, Park SH, Lee Y, Kim JW. Nanoleakage of apical sealing using a calcium silicate-based sealer according to canal drying methods. Restor Dent Endod 2024; 49:e20. [PMID: 38841379 PMCID: PMC11148404 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the nanoleakage of root canal obturations using calcium silicate-based sealer according to different drying methods. Materials and Methods Fifty-two extracted mandibular premolars with a single root canal and straight root were selected for this study. After canal preparation with a nickel-titanium rotary file system, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to canal drying methods (1: complete drying, 2: blot drying/distilled water, 3: blot drying/NaOCl, 4: aspiration only). The root canals were obturated using a single-cone filling technique with a calcium silicate-based sealer. Nanoleakage was evaluated using a nanoflow device after 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. Data were collected twice per second at the nanoscale and measured in nanoliters per second. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p < 0.05). Results The mean flow rate measured after 24 hours showed the highest value among the time periods in all groups. However, the difference in the flow rate between 1 week and 1 month was not significant. The mean flow rate of the complete drying group was the highest at all time points. After 1 month, the mean flow rate in the blot drying group and the aspiration group was not significantly different. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the canal drying method had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability in root canal obturations using a calcium silicate-based sealer. Thus, a proper drying procedure is critical in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Joo Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Se-Hee Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
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Sebastian S, El-Sayed W, Adtani P, Zaarour RF, Nandakumar A, Elemam RF, Eid B, Elsewify T. Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER flo bioceramic sealers. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:491-497. [PMID: 38939551 PMCID: PMC11205165 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_103_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Aim Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo bioceramic sealers compared to AH Plus resin sealer. Materials and Methods Modified direct contact test was used on three sets of sealers: Freshly mixed sealers, sealers that were 1-day old, and sealers that were 7-day old. After 24 h of incubation, the colony-forming units were digitally counted using Promega Colony Counter after 30 and 60 min of exposure to Enterococcus faecalis. For cytotoxic effect evaluation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed at three different time points: 24 h, 48 h, and 120 h after adding the sealer eluates to human gingival fibroblasts, to assess cell viability. Data were analyzed using mixed model analysis of variance followed by post hoc test. Results TotalFill bioceramic sealer showed the highest bacterial reduction against E. faecalis throughout all intervals. AH Plus showed great antibacterial activity initially which reduced drastically after 7 days. All the sealers showed a reduction in their antibacterial activity with time. TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo showed very high cell viability in contrast to AH Plus. Conclusion TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo demonstrate superior antimicrobial properties against E. faecalis which reduces with time. TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo demonstrate acceptable biocompatibility against human gingival fibroblasts, which decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabatiny Sebastian
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Walid El-Sayed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Suez Canal Univesity, Egypt
| | - Pooja Adtani
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | | | - Aswathy Nandakumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Ranya F. Elemam
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Bassem Eid
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Tarek Elsewify
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Malta CP, Santi SS, Barcelos RCS, Zanatta FB, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo animal studies and in vitro laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:345-359. [PMID: 38779200 PMCID: PMC11108423 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_24_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to determine whether premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus. Materials and Methods Searches of studies published up to January 2023 were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and via other methods (databases of the International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, and gray literature). The inclusion criteria were in vivo animal and in vitro studies that analyzed the response in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, cell viability, and genotoxicity. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for in vivo studies and modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro were appraised. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata. Results Fifty-two studies were included. In the RoB, in vivo studies fulfilled 20%-50% of the items and in vitro 60%-100%. The studies included in the meta-analysis demonstrated better histocompatibility with the premixed calcium silicate-based sealers at 30 days and greater cell viability with these sealers when used in undiluted extracts in experimental period of 72 h and in extracts with 1:2 and 1:4 dilution in 24 and 72 h. In contrast, no difference between materials was found concerning genotoxicity. Conclusion Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better histocompatibility and are less cytotoxic than the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus, demonstrating favorable biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Samantha Simoni Santi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Malta CP, Musachio EAS, Fernandes EJ, Escalante ESS, Benites FV, Prigol M, Barcelos RCS, Morgental RD, Segat HJ. Oxidative damage analysis and cell viability of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to three different endodontic sealers: an in vivo and ex vivo study. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00925-1. [PMID: 38493437 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the toxicological action of AH Plus (AHP), Bio-C Sealer (BCS), and EndoSequence BC Sealer (ESB), using Drosophila melanogaster as the model organism performing in vivo and ex vivo analysis. D. melanogaster were exposed for 10 days to three concentrations (5 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml, and 20 mg/ml) of AHP, BCS, and ESB sealers mixed with 10 ml of standard diet. During this period, the mortality of flies was evaluated. On the 11th day, the locomotor activity test was performed and the flies were euthanized for oxidative damage analysis (reactive species and lipid peroxidation) and cell viability (resazurin reduction). For the mortality curves evaluation, the log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) was used. For the analysis of other data, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). Regarding mortality, there were no significant differences. The locomotor activity was reduced, mainly in the two highest concentrations of AHP and BCS. Besides, reactive species generation was bigger in the AHP 20 mg/ml group. AHP induced a lipid peroxidation increase in all three concentrations tested, when compared to other sealers. Considering cell viability, the two highest concentrations of AHP reduced this parameter; while in other sealers, viability was reduced only in the highest concentration. AHP showed changes in oxidative markers that led to greater damage to the flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Eliana Jardim Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa-UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marina Prigol
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Pampa-UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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Radwanski M, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Galita G, Siwecka N, Sokolowski J, Majsterek I, Özcan M, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bioceramic root canal sealers compared to conventional resin-based sealer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4124. [PMID: 38374199 PMCID: PMC10876547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium-silicate based sealers and comparing them with a gold standard-an epoxy-based sealant. Two experimental cell lines were used, gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and monocyte/macrophage peripheral blood cell line (SC). The cytotoxicity (XTT assay) and genotoxicity (comet assay) were evaluated both after 24-h and 48-h incubation. Additionally, after 48-h incubation, the cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression was detected. BioRoot Flow induced a significant decrease in hGF cells viability compared to the negative control groups both after 24-h (p < 0.001) and 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). In group with SC cells, after 24-h incubation significant increase in cells viability was detected for AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in comparison to negative control (p < 0.05). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS can be considered potentially genotoxic for the hGF cells after 48-h incubation (> 20% DNA damage). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS, may have potential genotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in hGF cells which may irritate periapical tissues, resulting in a delayed healing. The findings of the study would be useful in selection of an appropriate sealant for root canal filling without causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
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Malta CP, Barcelos RCS, Fernandes PS, Martins MO, Sagrillo MR, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. In silico toxicity and immunological interactions of components of calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:148. [PMID: 38353803 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine in silico toxicity predictions of test compounds from hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSBS) and AH Plus and computationally simulate the interaction between these substances and mediators of periapical inflammation via molecular docking. MATERIALS AND METHODS All chemical information of the test compounds was obtained from the PubChem site. Predictions for bioavailability and toxicity analyses were determined by the Molinspiration Cheminformatics, pkCSM, ProTox-II and OSIRIS Property Explorer platforms. Molecular docking was performed using the Autodock4 AMDock v.1.5.2 program to analyse interactions between proteins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) and ligands (calcium silicate hydrate, zirconium oxide, bisphenol-A epoxy resin, dibenzylamine, iron oxide and calcium tungstate) to establish the affinity and bonding mode between systems. RESULTS Bisphenol-A epoxy resin had the lowest maximum dose tolerated in humans and was the test compound with the largest number of toxicological properties (hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity and irritant). All systems had favourable molecular docking. However, the ligands bisphenol-A epoxy resin and dibenzylamine had the greatest affinity with the cytokines tested. CONCLUSION In silico predictions and molecular docking pointed the higher toxicity and greater interaction with mediators of periapical inflammation of the main test compounds from AH Plus compared to those from HCSBS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first in silico study involving endodontic materials and may serve as the basis for further research that can generate more data, producing knowledge on the interference of each chemical compound in the composition of different root canal sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Cristine Silva Barcelos
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmella Schramm Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Mirkos Ortiz Martins
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Michele Rorato Sagrillo
- Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Universidade Franciscana - UFN, Rua dos Andradas 1614, Bairro Centro, Santa Maria, RS, 97010-030, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Graduate Program in Dental Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Av. Roraima 1000, Bairro Camobi, Prédio 26F (Odontologia), Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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Guedes Pinto T, Claudia Muniz Renno A, Nunes Dos Santos J, Ramos Cury P, Araki Ribeiro D. Genotoxicity induced by endodontic sealers: A systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:249-257. [PMID: 38420001 PMCID: PMC10897609 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This systematic review aimed to help further elucidate the following question: are endodontics sealers able to induce DNA damage in vitro or in vivo? Methods This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement 2020 criteria. A total of 23 studies were carefully selected by the authors. Results Regarding the general characteristics, most studies evaluated, on average, 3-5 types of sealers (resin epoxy, salicylate, salicylate + MTA, zinc oxide-eugenol, bioceramic products, calcium hydroxide), performing comparisons between them. Our results demonstrate that endodontic sealers may be a genotoxic agent since most studies demonstrated positive findings, with the resin-based ones being the most potentially genotoxic. Conclusion The type of genotoxicity assay, material evaluated, and dilution concentration levels influenced the outcome. This study clarifies whether and to what extent endodontic sealers are capable of inducing DNA injury in oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Guedes Pinto
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Dental Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ramos Cury
- Department of Dental Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Basta DG, Reslan MR, Rayyan M, Sayed M. Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of New Sealer "Neoseal" and Two Commercially Used Endodontic Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:871-876. [PMID: 38238275 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antibacterial activity of three endodontic sealing materials, Neoseal, CeraSeal, and AH Plus against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antibacterial activity of three endodontic sealing materials including two bioceramic sealers; NeoSEALER Flo (group I), CeraSeal (group II), and one epoxy resin sealer; AH Plus (group III) was investigated against E. faecalis bacteria American Type Cell Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212 (ATCC, Rockville, Maryland, USA). Using modified direct contact test (MDCT). The endodontic sealers were tested in contact with bacterial suspension when unset (20 minutes after mixing) and after setting, assessing the antibacterial activity of aged sealers after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Analyzing the collected data has been done with version 25.0 of the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) IBM software (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Descriptive analyses were calculated using standard deviation (SD) and mean. Shapiro-Wilk test was done to detect the normality of the result values. Kruskal-Wallis test was then performed to test the level of significance between groups. RESULTS After 20 minutes - Group I showed higher bacterial count mean values (5,500 ± 500) and 0 values for groups II and III groups. After 1 day, the highest bacterial count mean values were in group III (54,333.3 ± 4,041.5) and 0 values for groups I and II. After 3 days - group III again recorded the highest bacterial count mean values (45,000 ± 5,000) and 0 values for I and II groups. After 7 days - Group III still recorded the highest bacterial count mean values (53,333.3 ± 1,527.5) and 0 values for groups I and II. After 14 days - Group III recorded the highest bacterial count mean values (56,000 ± 1,000) followed by group II (6,333.3 ± 577.4), and the least was group I (2,000 ± 500). Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant values between groups in all tested durations, p > 0.05. CONCLUSION The sealing material AH Plus showed a strong bactericidal effect at the beginning but lost its ability after 24 hours. CeraSeal showed strong bactericidal activity from the beginning till the end of the first week but showed bacterial count at 14 days. Neoseal took 24 hours to show bactericidal effect and similar to CeraSeal showed bacterial count at 14 days; CeraSeal recorded the best results within the study. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Silicate-based (bioceramic) endodontic sealers can be the best available endodontic sealing material that is clinically beneficial in removing residual microbes which had survived irrigation protocols and chemomechanical preparation. How to cite this article: Basta DG, Reslan MR, Rayyan M, et al. Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of New Sealer "Neoseal" and Two Commercially Used Endodontic Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023;24(11):871-876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Gamal Basta
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Egypt
| | - Maria Rafaat Reslan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Rayyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kantara, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sayed
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahram Canadian University, Egypt, Phone: +20 1288670943, e-mail:
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11
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Kandemir Demirci G, Çöven FO, Güneri P, Karavana SY, Nalbantsoy A, Köse T, Kaval ME. The solubility, pH value, chemical structure, radiopacity, and cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5413-5425. [PMID: 37486382 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate solubility, pH value, chemical structure, radiopacity, and cytotoxicity of AH Plus BC, TotalFill BC, AH Plus, and AH Plus Jet sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity analysis with direct and extraction tests at 3 different concentrations (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 v/v%) and time (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) on Saos-2, PdLF, and THP-1 cell lines, chemical structure with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, solubility, pH, and radiopacity values of AH Plus BC, TotalFill BC, AH Plus, and AH Plus Jet were evaluated. For statistical analyses of the groups, repeated measures, factorial, and one-way ANOVA tests were used. The statistical significance level was set at p < .05. RESULTS Resin-based sealers showed higher cytotoxicity values than the bioceramic-based sealers (p < 0.05). Time and concentrations were effective on the cell viabilities for cell lines. Higher peaks of calcium were detected bioceramic-based sealers and higher amount of zirconium was detected in AH Plus BC (p < 0.05). AH Plus BC showed similar radiopacity value with AH Plus, AH Plus Jet, whereas TotalFill BC showed the lowest radiopacity (p < 0.05). Bioceramic-based sealers had higher pH values in all experiment periods, and the difference between resin- and bioceramic-based sealer groups was significant (p < 0.05). However, the solubility values of the tested root canal sealers revealed no differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The newly produced AH Plus BC Sealer showed similar properties with TotalFill BC, and their biological properties were better than AH Plus and AH Plus Jet. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AH Plus BC could be a possible alternative to other bioceramic- or resin-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Furkan Ozan Çöven
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Güneri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yaprak Karavana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Köse
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Kaval
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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12
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Sokolonski AR, Amorim CF, Almeida SR, Lacerda LE, Araújo DB, Meyer R, Portela RD. Comparative antimicrobial activity of four different endodontic sealers. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1717-1721. [PMID: 37166626 PMCID: PMC10484879 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental cements are widely used in the clinical routine, specifically for root canal sealing. Within this context, it is expected that these materials present antimicrobial activity, since it would help in the prevention of apical and periapical infections. The present study aimed to comparatively verify the antimicrobial activity of four dental cements against microorganisms that are routinely isolated from endodontic infections. Reference strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were submitted to the agar diffusion test and to modified direct contact test using four different sealers: an eugenol zinc oxide compound, an epoxy resin associated to calcium hydroxide and bismuth, a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a bioceramics. Different E. coli, C. albicans and E. faecalis growth inhibition profiles were observed in the agar diffusion assay. In the direct contact test, the bioceramics presented a higher microbicide activity on all microorganisms tested herein. Dental cements have different antimicrobial activities, being that the bioceramics present the most consistent antimicrobial activity, and that the direct contact test presented more uniform results than the agar diffusion test. This study reveals the antimicrobial activities of different cements and allow dentists to decide which material to employ in their daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira Amorim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Almeida
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Lacerda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo Barral Araújo
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
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13
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Pelozo LL, Souza-Gabriel AE, Alves Dos Santos GN, Camargo RV, Lopes-Olhê FC, Sousa-Neto MD, Mazzi-Chaves JF. Canal Drying Protocols to Use with Calcium Silicate-based Sealer: Effect on Bond Strength and Adhesive Interface. J Endod 2023; 49:1154-1160. [PMID: 37516237 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on bond strength and interface quality of different canal drying protocols in roots filled with Bio-C Sealer (BCS; Angelus, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil). METHODS Ninety-six roots of upper canines were prepared with an R50 file (Reciproc; VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% EDTA under ultrasonic agitation. Roots were divided according to the drying protocol as follows: dry, the White Mac tip (Ultradent, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil) for 5 seconds followed by aspiration with a capillary tip for 5 seconds and paper points; slightly moist, the White Mac tip followed by capillary aspiration without paper points; wet, the White Mac tip followed by a single paper point. The roots were filled with BCS or AH Plus (AHP; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) (n = 16) and sectioned for the push-out test after 3 months. Failure modes were assessed, and the interface morphology was analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. After 6 months, the other half of the roots were evaluated. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance/Tukey test at 5%. The chi-square test was used in the failure analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis/Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner for interface analysis. RESULTS The AHP-filled roots had the highest bond strength when the canal was dried (P < .05). No difference was found for periods (P > .05). For BCS, the highest bond strength was found in the slightly moist canals (P < .05). A predominance of adhesive failures was observed. The dried canals filled with AHP had the highest percentage of good adaptation, whereas BCS had no difference. CONCLUSIONS The best drying protocol for AHP is using the White Mac tip followed by capillary tip aspiration and paper points until complete dryness, and for BCS, it is using the White Mac tip followed by capillary aspiration without paper points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Lima Pelozo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Verardino Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jardel Francisco Mazzi-Chaves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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14
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Stanley E, Strother KK, Kirkpatrick T, Jeong JW. Calcium Silicate-based Sealer Extrusion into the Mandibular Canal: Three Different Recovery Outcomes: A Report of Three Cases. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00216-9. [PMID: 37098401 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSS) is increasing in dentistry as result of their favorable properties. The inadvertent extrusion of these sealers into the mandibular canal (MC) can result in temporary or permanent neurosensory alterations. Three different recovery outcomes of CSS extrusion into the MC after endodontic treatment of mandibular molars, confirmed by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, are described. In Case 1, CSS from the mesiolingual canal of #31 was extruded into the MC during obturation. The patient reported paresthesia. The symptoms of paresthesia were completely resolved by nine months. In Case 2, CSS from the mesial canals of #30 was extruded into the MC during obturation. "Plasma-like spreading pattern" of the extruded sealer was observed on the radiographs. The patient reported paresthesia and dysesthesia. In addition, the patient complained of hyperalgesia with heat and mechanical allodynia. The symptoms continued to persist during follow up. At 22 months, the patient still reported persistent paresthesia, hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, affecting the ability to eat. In Case 3, CSS from the distal canal of #31 was extruded into the MC during obturation. The patient did not report any paresthesia or dysesthesia. All three patients elected a follow up approach and monitoring rather than surgical intervention. These cases illustrate the need for the development of guidelines for the management of iatrogenic CSS extrusion into the MC because such an occurrence may not necessarily result in permanent, temporary or no neurosensory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stanley
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry
| | - Kortnie K Strother
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry
| | - Timothy Kirkpatrick
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry
| | - Ji Wook Jeong
- Department of Endodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry.
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15
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da Silva SP, da Silva JDF, da Costa CBL, da Silva PM, de Freitas AFS, da Silva CES, da Silva AR, de Oliveira AM, Sá RA, Peixoto AR, de Oliveira APS, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH. Purification, Characterization, and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of Portulaca elatior Leaf Lectin (PeLL). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:287-299. [PMID: 34420188 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with several bioactivities, including antimicrobial properties. Portulaca elatior is a species found at Brazilian Caatinga and data on the biochemical composition of this plant are scarce. The present work describes the purification of P. elatior leaf lectin (PeLL) as well as the assessment of its antimicrobial activity and toxicity. PeLL, isolated by chromatography on a chitin column, had native liquid charge and subunit composition evaluated by electrophoresis. Hemagglutinating activity (HA) of PeLL was determined in the presence of carbohydrates or divalent cations, as well as after heating and incubation at different pH values. Changes in the lectin conformation were monitored by evaluating intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and using the extrinsic probe bis-ANS. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Pectobacterium strains and Candida species. The minimal inhibitory (MIC), bactericidal (MBC), and fungicidal (MFC) concentrations were determined. Finally, PeLL was evaluated for in vitro hemolytic activity in human erythrocytes and in vivo acute toxicity in mice (5 and 10 mg/kg b.w. per os). PeLL (pI 5.4; 20 kDa) had its HA was inhibited by mannose, galactose, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. PeLL HA was resistant to heating at 100 °C, although conformational changes were detected. PeLL was more active in the acidic pH range, in which no conformational changes were observed. The lectin presented MIC and MBC of 0.185 and 0.74 μg/mL for all Pectobacterium strains, respectively; MIC of 1.48 μg/mL for C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei; MIC and MFC of 0.74 and 2.96 μg/mL for C. parapsilosis. No hemolytic activity or signs of acute toxicity were observed in the mice. In conclusion, a new, low-toxic, and thermostable lectin was isolated from P. elatior leaves, being the first plant compound to show antibacterial activity against Pectobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suéllen Pedrosa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pollyanna Michelle da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Abdênego Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Roberto Araújo Sá
- Centro Acadêmico Do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Rosa Peixoto
- Departamento de Tecnologia E Ciências Sociais, Universidade Do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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16
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Saber S, Raafat S, Elashiry M, El-Banna A, Schäfer E. Effect of Different Sealers on the Cytocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062344. [PMID: 36983344 PMCID: PMC10056919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is tendency for unavoidable sealer extrusion in some clinical cases. This might adversely affect host stem cells and affect healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sealers on the cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods: The cytotoxic effect of the extracted elutes of VDW.1Seal (VDW.1), Endosequence BC Sealer HiFlow (ES), GuttaFlow-2 (GF), and ADSeal (AD-S) on the hPDLSCs was determined using the MTT assay. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by the scratch wound healing assay. Osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed. Measurement of pH values and calcium ions release was performed. Results: GF had a significantly higher percentage of viable cells. The cell migration assay showed that GF demonstrated the lowest open wound area percentage. GF and AD-S showed the highest calcium nodule deposition. GF demonstrated higher ALP activity than ES. Expression of RUNX2 and OC genes was similar for all sealers, while OPG gene expression was significantly higher for VDW.1 and GF. ES and AD-S displayed the highest pH values on day 1. Calcium ion release of ES and VDW.1 was significantly the highest. Conclusions: GuttaFlow-2 and VDW.1Seal sealers have favorable behavior toward host stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shereen Raafat
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed El-Banna
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
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17
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Martorano AS, Messias NS, Bighetti-Trevisan RL, de Oliveira PT, de Castro Raucci LMS, Raucci Neto W. In vitro inflammatory modulation of bioceramic endodontic sealer in macrophages stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Int Endod J 2023; 56:213-226. [PMID: 36314853 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of AH Plus (Dentsply), Sealer 26 (Dentsply), and Sealer Plus BC (Produtos Médicos e Odontológicos) on cytotoxicity and inflammation in macrophage cultures exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODOLOGY After initial setting, the sealers were conditioned with serum-free culture medium for 24 h (1 ml/cm2 ). Macrophages from the RAW 264.7 strain were exposed to sealer extracts in a 1:16 ratio in a culture medium with or without LPS. Cell morphology, viability, mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress and gene expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated. Data on mitochondrial activity, oxidative stress and TNF-α were analysed using a two-way analysis of variance (anova) test, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post-test. IL-1β data were analysed using one-way anova, followed by SNK, and the t-test was used for intragroup comparison. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS In the absence of LPS, only AH Plus and Sealer 26 showed a reduction in cell density, while in the presence of LPS, Sealer 26 had the lowest density compared to the other groups. In terms of mitochondrial activity, at 24 and 48 h, Sealer Plus BC had significantly higher mean values than Sealer 26 and AH Plus (p < .05). Sealer 26 exhibited the lowest levels of oxidative stress and IL-1β and TNF-α expression, regardless of the presence of LPS (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Although all sealers interfere with the response of macrophages to LPS, contact with epoxy resin-based sealers can impair cell activity in vitro, while bioceramic sealer seems to favour the inflammatory functions of these cells.
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18
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Estrela C, Cintra LTA, Duarte MAH, Rossi-Fedele G, Gavini G, Sousa-Neto MD. Mechanism of action of Bioactive Endodontic Materials. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:1-11. [PMID: 36888836 PMCID: PMC10027099 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuous search for bioactive materials capable of supporting the replacement of damaged pulp tissue, with effective sealing potential and biocompatibility, has represented the attention of studies over the last decades. This study involves a narrative review of the literature developed by searching representative research in PUBMED/MEDLINE and searches in textbooks associated with the mechanism of action of bioactive materials (calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium silicate cements). The reflective analysis of the particularities of the chemical elements of these materials, considering the tissue and antibacterial mechanism of action, allows a better understanding of the characteristics and similarities in their tissue responses. Calcium hydroxide paste remains the antibacterial substance of choice as intracanal dressing for the treatment of root canal system infections. Calcium silicate cements, including MTA, show a favorable biological response with the stimulation of mineralized tissue deposition in sealed areas when in contact with connective tissue. This is due to the similarity between the chemical elements, especially ionic dissociation, the potential stimulation of enzymes in tissues, and the contribution towards an alkaline environment due to the pH of these materials. The behavior of bioactive materials, especially MTA and the new calcium silicate cements in the biological sealing activity, has been shown to be effective. Contemporary endodontics has access to bioactive materials with similar properties, which can stimulate a biological seal in lateral and furcation root perforations, root-end fillings and root fillings, pulp capping, pulpotomy, apexification, and regenerative endodontic procedures, in addition to other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giulio Gavini
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Jerez-Olate C, Araya N, Alcántara R, Luengo L, Bello-Toledo H, González-Rocha G, Sánchez-Sanhueza G. In vitro antibacterial activity of endodontic bioceramic materials against dual and multispecies aerobic-anaerobic biofilm models. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 48:465-472. [PMID: 34741571 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate repair cements and sealers against a dual-species planktonic aerobic model with different aging times and the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature 21-day-old multispecies anaerobic biofilm. The antibacterial activity of ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC sealer against a dual-species aerobic planktonic model, as well as measuring how materials were affected by aging, was evaluated using the Modified Direct Contact Test. Subsequently, the ability to inhibit the formation of a mature multispecies anaerobic biofilm was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy complemented with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biodentine and BioRoot RCS had higher antibacterial action, and Biodentine was able to maintain its antibacterial action after a prolonged aging period in vitro. Calcium silicate repair cement MTA ProRoot and Biodentine had higher antibiofilm action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jerez-Olate
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nancy Araya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Alcántara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Luengo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Helia Bello-Toledo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriela Sánchez-Sanhueza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Research Laboratory on Antibacterial Agents, Concepción, Chile
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20
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Fan Y, Wang Z, Sun Y, Guo X, Wang H, Xu HHK, Wang S, Zhou X, Li B, Cheng L. Effect of the Modified Methacrylate-Based Root Canal Sealer in Single-Cone Technique. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3722. [PMID: 36364498 PMCID: PMC9655841 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to modify EndoREZ with 2.5% dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and 1% magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to study its sealing property, penetration and long-term antibacterial and therapeutic effect in the single-cone technique (SCT) compared with EndoREZ and iRoot SP. Thirty single-root human maxillary premolars were assigned into three groups and obturated with three different root canal sealers by SCT. Every specimen was then scanned using micro-CT to analyze void fraction, and void volumes and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to study the dentin penetration. The long-term antimicrobial effects were tested in vitro before and after aging 1 and 4 weeks by the single-strain Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model. In addition, the beagle canine model of apical periodontitis (AP) was utilized to judge and compare the therapeutic effect of three sealers in SCT. The void fraction and void volumes of the modified root canal sealer were not significantly different from iRoot SP (p > 0.05) but were lower than EndoREZ (p < 0.05). The modified root canal sealant displayed a greater penetration, long-term antibacterial property, and treatment effect than the other groups (p < 0.05). This indicated that after being modified with DMADDM and MNP, it showed better performance in SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Suping Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bolei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Li J, Chen L, Zeng C, Liu Y, Gong Q, Jiang H. Clinical outcome of bioceramic sealer iRoot SP extrusion in root canal treatment: a retrospective analysis. Head Face Med 2022; 18:28. [PMID: 36045447 PMCID: PMC9429671 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the obturation procedure, sealer extrusion occurs in some cases. iRoot SP is a kind of bioceramic sealer with superior physicochemical and biological properties. This article reports the outcome of iRoot SP extrusion in root canal treatment and the potential factors associated with the outcome. Methods Ninety-nine patients and one hundred and eighty-five teeth treated between 2014 and 2020 were included in this retrospective study. All of the cases were filled with a single-cone technique and the iRoot SP sealer. The minimum follow-up visit period was 1 year. The outcome was evaluated by clinical examination and radiographic examination at recall and was classified as healed, healing (success), or not healed (failure). Results The overall success rate of all teeth was 96.8%. The success rate of adequately filled teeth was 97.3%, while that of iRoot SP extrusion was 95.8%; the difference was not statistically significant. Factors such as gender, age, tooth position, follow-up visit period, size of periapical lesion, treatment type and extruding sealer amount had no influence on the outcome of iRoot SP extruded teeth. Conclusions The results suggested that iRoot SP extrusion has no adverse effect on the outcome of root canal treatment, which may contribute to the endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Stomatology Department, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuchi Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qimei Gong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 56 Ling Yuan Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
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22
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Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers before and after Setting Procedures. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060847. [PMID: 35743878 PMCID: PMC9227444 DOI: 10.3390/life12060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are commonly used for successful endodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of epoxy resin-based sealers under unset and set conditions. Three epoxy resin-based sealers were used: Adseal, AH Plus, and Dia-Proseal. To test cytotoxicity, an agar overlay test and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were performed using unset and set sealers on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The genotoxicity test of the comet assay was performed using the same cell line. Extract dilutions in the culture media were used as test materials for the MTT and comet assays. The comet tail produced by the damaged DNA was calculated by image analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Unset sealers did not show defined decolorized areas. Hardened specimens of resin-based sealers showed circular discolored zones in the agar overlay test. Dia-Proseal was the least cytotoxic after hardening. These results were confirmed in the MTT assay. Cell viability was significantly higher in cells treated with hardened sealers in both groups than that in cells treated with freshly mixed sealers in the MTT assay. Unset AH Plus® and Dia-Proseal™ significantly increased cell viability with decreasing dilution. Adseal™ was the least cytotoxic. Freshly mixed Adseal™ was more genotoxic when freshly mixed than when set. Unset epoxy resin-based sealers were generally more cytotoxic and genotoxic than set materials. Cytotoxicity does not always match the genotoxicity results; therefore, various test tools are required to test toxicity. It is necessary to properly evaluate the toxic effects to establish a biocompatibility test that mimics clinical conditions.
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Bosaid F, Aksel H, Azim AA. Influence of acidic pH on antimicrobial activity of different calcium silicate based-endodontic sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5369-5376. [PMID: 35511289 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial activity of calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs) against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a neutral or acidic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dentin cylinders (4 mm length) were prepared and infected with 3-week-old E. faecalis. The samples were filled with BioRoot RCS (BR), EndoSequence BC (ES), and NeoMTA Plus (NMTA) and incubated in either neutral or acidic conditions for 7 days (n=10/group). Sterile or infected samples alone were used as the positive and negative control. The root canal sealers were removed after 7 days, and the remaining bacteria on dentinal walls were determined by colony-forming units (CFUs/ml), and three samples from each group were visualized under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The pH was also measured (n=3/group) after 4 h and 7 days of incubation at 37°C in both conditions. RESULTS In the neutral condition, all sealers significantly decreased the log-CFU values (p<0.05), while in the acidic condition, the log-CFU reduction was less for ES and NMTA, but a higher reduction was observed in BR (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of CSBSs was similar in neutral conditions (p>0.05), and BR showed a greater antibacterial effect than ES and NMTA in the acidic condition (p<0.05). The pH of BR, ES, and NMTA ranged from 8.2 to 8.8 in the neutral condition in the presence of dentin after 7 days. However, acidic conditions reduced the pH values to 7.8 for BR, 6.0 for ES, and 5.8 for NMTA. CONCLUSIONS All CSBSs showed similar antibacterial activity in neutral conditions, while acidic pH had a reducing antibacterial effect on CSBSs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Inflammatory pH decreased the antibacterial properties of CSBSs depending on the sealer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bosaid
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Hacer Aksel
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
| | - Adham A Azim
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 240 Squire Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. .,Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, 155 5th St, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
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24
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Impact of Immersion Media on Physical Properties and Bioactivity of Epoxy Resin-Based and Bioceramic Endodontic Sealers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040729. [PMID: 35215641 PMCID: PMC8878582 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of immersion media [distilled water (dw), phosphate buffered saline (pbs) and simulated body fluid (sbf)] in the physical properties [fluid uptake/sorption/solubility and alkalinization activity (pH)] and bioactivity of a bioceramic sealer: the BioRoot RCS (BioRoot) (Septodont). The epoxy-resin sealer AH Plus (Dentsply) was used as comparison. Sealers were immersed in dw, pbs and sbf to evaluate the fluid uptake/sorption/solubility and pH’s media. Bioactivity was assessed with SEM/EDS, FTIR-ATR and XRD. BioRoot solubility was as follows: sbf > pbs = dw. BioRoot had alkaline pH, and AH Plus had neutral pH, regardless of the medium. BioRoot presented mineral precipitates and peaks indicating hydroxyapatite-precursors in pbs and sbf. AH Plus physical properties were not affected by immersion media and it had no bioactivity. pbs and sbf should be preferred to investigate bioceramic sealers over distilled water, because they were able to highlight the sealer properties. BioRoot maintained the alkaline environment and favored hard tissue deposition.
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Jin HR, Jang YE, Kim Y. Comparison of Obturation Quality between Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers and Resin-Based Sealers for Endodontic Re-treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:72. [PMID: 35009220 PMCID: PMC8745997 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)-based study was to compare the filling quality of endodontic treatment and endodontic Re-treatment between two sealers with matched obturation techniques: calcium silicate-based sealer (Endoseal TCS) with a single-cone technique (SCT) and resin-based sealer (AH Plus) with a continuous wave technique (CWT). METHODS Forty maxillary premolars were selected and assigned into four groups, according to the obturation methods of the first endodontic treatment and Re-treatment (n = 10). The AP/AP group was first treated with AH Plus/CWT, then re-treated with AH Plus/CWT. The AP/ET group was first treated with AH Plus/CWT, then re-treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT. The ET/AP group was first treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT, then re-treated with AH Plus/CWT, and the ET/ET group was first treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT, then re-treated with Endoseal TCS/SCT. The specimens were scanned using micro-CT at three time points: after the first endodontic treatment, after gutta-percha (GP) cone removal, and after Re-treatment. The void volume of root canal obturation and the volume of the remaining filling materials were calculated. Data were analyzed using Student's t-tests and ANOVA. RESULTS The Endoseal TCS groups (ET/AP and ET/ET) showed a lower percentage of voids than the AH plus groups (AP/AP and AP/ET) on the whole canal and the apical third, after first obturation (p < 0.05). The AH plus group showed significantly fewer remnants than the Endoseal TCS group after GP removal (p < 0.05). Re-treated canals and initially treated canals had similar void volumes (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in void volume after Re-treatment, regardless of whether the same or different sealers were used for the first treatment and Re-treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Endoseal TCS sealer and AH Plus sealer had a similar Re-treatment efficacy, regardless of which sealer was used in the previous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yemi Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2650-5763; Fax: +82-2-2650-5764
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Lin X, Chi D, Gong Q, Tong Z. An in vitro study on the effects of serum proteins on Enterococcus faecalis adhesion to three types of root sealers and gutta-percha. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:622. [PMID: 34876112 PMCID: PMC8650416 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extrusion of overfilled materials that extend beyond the apical foramina into the periradicular tissue may serve as a reservoir for bacterial adhesion and further affect recovery from periapical diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of serum proteins on Enterococcus faecalis adhesion and survival on the surface of a calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealer (Apexit Plus), an epoxy resin sealer (AH-Plus) and a bioceramic sealer (iRoot SP). METHODS Apexit Plus, AH-Plus and iRoot SP were evenly coated on gutta-percha, using gutta-percha alone as the control. After root canal sealer setting, the number of E. faecalis adhering to the root canal sealers and gutta-percha was counted in fetal bovine serum (FBS) or tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1% glucose (TSBG) by viable cell plate counts. The morphology of 7-day-old E. faecalis biofilms in FSB and TSBG was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, E. faecalis biofilms on the three root canal sealers were labeled with a LIVE/DEAD BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit, and the ratios of viable to dead cells were analyzed using laser scanning microscopy operative software (Zen software). RESULTS In the assays, after 1 and 7 days, the number of E. faecalis adhering to the root canal sealers or gutta-percha in FBS were significantly lower than those in TSBG (P < 0.05). In FBS, E. faecalis adhesion to iRoot SP and gutta-percha was reduced to a greater extent than that adhered to Apexit Plus and AH-Plus. Few E. faecalis accumulated on iRoot SP in FBS, whereas many bacteria assembled on iRoot SP and formed biofilms in TSBG. The ratio of viable cells in the E. faecalis biofilm on iRoot SP was the lowest. CONCLUSIONS Calcium hydroxide-based root canal sealers, epoxy resin sealers and bioceramic sealers may provide a substrate for E. faecalis adhesion, and the bioceramic sealer in this study showed the least E. faecalis adhesion in the presence of serum proteins compared to the other two sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Lin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danlu Chi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qimei Gong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, No 56, Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Evaluation of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow. J Endod 2021; 48:123-131. [PMID: 34678358 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the physicochemical and biological properties of endodontic sealers is important for endodontic treatment planning. This study evaluated the properties of EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCH; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), EndoSequence BC Sealer (BC, Brasseler USA), and AH Plus (AHP; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The effect of temperature on the setting time and flow of these sealers was also evaluated. METHODS The setting time, flow, radiopacity, pH, solubility, and calcium release were investigated following ISO guidelines. The morphology and chemical composition of the sealers were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of sealers was tested against 2 strains of Enterococcus faecalis. Sealer cytotoxicity and the effects on messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory and mineralization genes were also investigated. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn multiple comparison tests. P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The setting time and flow rate of all sealers were affected by heat (P ≤ .05). The setting times and solubility of BCH and BC were significantly higher than AHP (P ≤ .0001). The radiopacity of AHP was higher than BCH and BC (P ≤ .0001). All sealers were alkaline and had antibacterial effects. Cell viability was higher for BCH and BC than AHP (P ≤ .0001). No significant differences in messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory and mineralization genes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, BCH and BC had similar physicochemical and biological properties. The observed high solubility of BCH and BC as well as the high cytotoxicity of AHP might negatively impact the clinical performance of these materials. The application of heat affected the setting time and flow of all sealers.
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Zubizarreta-Macho Á, Rico-Romano C, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Mena-Álvarez J, Cabal B, Díaz LA, Torrecillas R, Moya JS, López-Píriz R. Adding Two Antimicrobial Glasses to an Endodontic Sealer to Prevent Bacterial Root Canal Reinfection: An In Vivo Pilot Study in Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101183. [PMID: 34680764 PMCID: PMC8532650 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current endodontic procedures continue to be unsuccessful for completely removing pathogens present inside the root canal system, which can lead to recurrent infections. In this study, we aimed to assess the antimicrobial capacity and tissue response of two inorganic bactericidal additives incorporated into a paste root canal sealer on contaminated root dentin in vivo. An experimental study was performed in 30 teeth of five Beagle dogs. After inducing microbiological contamination, root canal systems were treated by randomly incorporating one of two antimicrobial additives into a commercial epoxy-amine resin sealer (AH Plus), i.e., G3T glass-ceramic (n = 10) and ZnO-enriched glass (n = 10); 10 samples were randomized as a control group. After having sacrificed the animals, microbiological, radiological, and histological analyses were performed, which were complemented with an in vitro bactericidal test and characterization by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The tested groups demonstrated a non-significant microbiological reduction in the postmortem periapical index values between the control group and the bactericidal glass-ceramic group (p = 0.885), and between the control group and the ZnO-enriched glass group (p = 0.169). The histological results showed low values of inflammatory infiltrate, and a healing pattern characterized by fibrosis in 44.4% of the G3T glass-ceramic and 60.0% of ZnO-enriched glass. Bactericidal glassy additives incorporated in this root canal sealer are safe and effective in bacterial reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (Á.Z.-M.); (C.R.-R.); (J.M.-Á.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Rico-Romano
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (Á.Z.-M.); (C.R.-R.); (J.M.-Á.)
| | | | - Jesús Mena-Álvarez
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (Á.Z.-M.); (C.R.-R.); (J.M.-Á.)
| | - Belén Cabal
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.L.-P.)
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Ramón Torrecillas
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
| | - José Serafín Moya
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Roberto López-Píriz
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Centre (CINN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Oviedo (UO), Principado de Asturias (PA), Avenida de la Vega 4-6, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (L.A.D.); (R.T.); (J.S.M.)
- Advanced Oral Surgery Institute (ICOA), 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.L.-P.)
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Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Dental Materials: A Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070865. [PMID: 34356786 PMCID: PMC8300656 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic biomaterials have significantly improved dental treatment techniques in several aspects now that they can be used for vital pulp treatments, as temporary intracanal medication, in definitive fillings, in apical surgeries, and for regenerative procedures. Calcium silicate-based cement is a class of dental material that is used in endodontics in direct contact with the dental structures, connective tissue, and bone. Because the material interacts with biological tissues and stimulates biomineralization processes, its properties are of major importance. The main challenge in endodontic treatments is the elimination of biofilms that are present in the root canal system anatomical complexities, as it remains even after chemical-mechanical preparation and disinfection procedures. Thus, an additional challenge for these biomaterials is to exert antimicrobial activity while maintaining their biological properties in parallel. This article reviews the literature for studies considering the antimicrobial properties of calcium silicate-based dental biomaterials used in endodontic practice. Considering the reviewed studies, it can be affirmed that the reduced antimicrobial effect exhibited by calcium silicate-based endodontic materials clearly emphasizes that all clinical procedures prior to their use must be carefully performed. Future studies for the evaluation of these materials, and especially newly proposed materials, under poly-microbial biofilms associated with endodontic diseases will be necessary.
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Sfeir G, Zogheib C, Patel S, Giraud T, Nagendrababu V, Bukiet F. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Narrative Review and Clinical Perspectives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143965. [PMID: 34300886 PMCID: PMC8306764 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, calcium silicate-based materials have grown in popularity. As root canal sealers, these formulations have been extensively investigated and compared with conventional sealers, such as zinc oxide-eugenol and epoxy resin-based sealers, in in vitro studies that showed their promising properties, especially their biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and certain bioactivity. However, the consequence of their higher solubility is a matter of debate and still needs to be clarified, because it may affect their long-term sealing ability. Unlike conventional sealers, those sealers are hydraulic, and their setting is conditioned by the presence of humidity. Current evidence reveals that the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers vary depending on their formulation. To date, only a few short-term investigations addressed the clinical outcome of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Their use has been showed to be mainly based on practitioners' clinical habits rather than manufacturers' recommendations or available evidence. However, their particular behavior implies modifications of the clinical protocol used for conventional sealers. This narrative review aimed to discuss the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers and their clinical implications, and to propose rational indications for these sealers based on the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Sfeir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Shanon Patel
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s Tower, Guy’s Hospital, St. Thomas’ Street, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Thomas Giraud
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Frédéric Bukiet
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)6-4395-2183
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Zancan RF, Di Maio A, Tomson PL, Duarte MAH, Camilleri J. The presence of smear layer affects the antimicrobial action of root canal sealers. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1369-1382. [PMID: 33763882 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the chemical and microstructural characteristics of dentine after the use of two irrigation protocols and correlate this with the antimicrobial properties of hydraulic calcium silicate cement (HCSC) sealers and changes to the dentine structure/chemistry after sealer placement. METHODOLOGY Two irrigation protocols - Protocol A using 2% NaOCl used 5 mL/5 min and Protocol B with 2% NaOCl (5 mL/5 min) followed by 17% EDTA (5 mL/3 min) - were used to prepare dentine. The chemical and microstructural changes following irrigation were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (n = 5) on dentine obtained from the mid-root and coronal parts of extracted human teeth. Four sealers (AH Plus, BioRoot, MTA Fillapex, TotalFill) were characterized by SEM/EDS (n = 3). The ability of the sealers to eradicate intratubular Enterococcus faecalis biofilms was assessed by live/dead dye and confocal laser scanning microscopy to measure the percentage of living cells. The effect of combined irrigation and root filling on dentine was assessed by SEM and EDS analysis (n = 5). Statistical analysis was undertaken using one-way anova and a number of post hoc tests to detect intergroup differences. The F-test was used for comparison of variances in the microbiology testing. RESULTS The use of NaOCl alone left the smear layer intact, with traces of chlorine remaining on dentine. The use of BioRoot sealer restored the calcium levels of dentine which had been depleted by the irrigation with EDTA. BioRoot exhibited antimicrobial properties against intratubular bacteria even in the presence of smear layer (Protocol A). Smear layer removal improved the bactericidal effect of all sealers and Ca2+ leaching. The use of a chelating agent was important for the intratubular sealer penetration for AH Plus but not the other sealers. CONCLUSION The removal of smear layer was necessary for penetration of AH Plus into the dentinal tubules. BioRoot was a more effective sealer in reducing the bacterial load in the dentinal tubules than the other materials tested and the presence of smear layer did not affect its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Zancan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Di Maio
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P L Tomson
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M A H Duarte
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Could the Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Presentation Form Influence Dentinal Sealing? An In Vitro Confocal Laser Study on Tubular Penetration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030659. [PMID: 33572611 PMCID: PMC7867024 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dentinal tubule penetration influences root canal treatment sealing. The aim of this study was to compare dentinal penetration of two clinical presentations of silicate-based sealers using confocal laser. Sixty single-rooted human teeth from 50-70 year-old patients extracted for orthodontic/periodontal reasons were used. Canals were prepared using Mtwo system up to 35/0.04, with 5.25% NaOCl irrigation and final irrigation using 17% EDTA. Teeth were randomly assigned into study groups (ni = 20): EndoSequence BC sealer (ES, group 1), BioRoot RCS (BR, group 2); and a control group (nc = 20) with AH Plus (AHP). Root canals were obturated with 35/0.04 gutta-percha (single-cone technique). The samples were obtained from apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Dentinal tubule penetration depth and percentage of penetration around the canal perimeter were measured. The statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon t-test (95% confidence interval). ES exhibited a significantly higher penetration than AHP in apical and middle thirds (p < 0.05), and in middle and coronal thirds relative to BR (p < 0.05). The percentage of penetration around the canal perimeter was significantly higher for ES compared to BR in all thirds, but only in the apical third for AHP (p < 0.05). The pre-mixed silicate-based sealer exhibited better penetration than the powder/liquid one.
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Singh S. From the Desk of the Editor: The New-Age Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:413-414. [PMID: 35399775 PMCID: PMC8989171 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_21_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Oh H, Kim E, Lee S, Park S, Chen D, Shin SJ, Kim E, Kim S. Comparison of Biocompatibility of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers and Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225242. [PMID: 33233519 PMCID: PMC7699603 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based sealers (CeraSeal and EndoSeal TCS) and epoxy resin-based sealer (AH-Plus) in terms of cell viability, inflammatory response, expression of mesenchymal phenotype, osteogenic potential, cell attachment, and morphology, of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). hPDLSCs were acquired from the premolars (n = 4) of four subjects, whose ages extended from 16 to 24 years of age. Flow cytometry analysis showed stemness of hPDLSCs was maintained in all materials. In cell viability test, AH-Plus showed the lowest cell viability, and CeraSeal showed significantly higher cell viability than others. In ELISA test, AH-Plus showed higher expression of IL-6 and IL-8 than calcium silicate-based sealers. In an osteogenic potential test, AH-Plus showed a lower expression level than other material; however, EndoSeal TCS showed a better expression level than others. All experiments were repeated at least three times per cell line. Scanning electronic microscopy studies showed low degree of cell proliferation on AH-Plus, and high degree of cell proliferation on calcium silicate-based sealers. In this study, calcium silicate-based sealers appear to be more biocompatible and less cytotoxic than epoxy-resin based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Oh
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Egan Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Sukjoon Lee
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Soyeon Park
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Dongzi Chen
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University College of Engineering, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3148
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Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Novel, Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Compared to Powder-Liquid Bioceramic Sealer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103096. [PMID: 32992852 PMCID: PMC7600315 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties, filling ability, and antibacterial activity of a premixed calcium silicate-based sealer to those of a powder–liquid bioceramic sealer. Ceraseal (CS) and BioRoot (BR) materials were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at 7 and 14 d of immersion in distilled water. The filling ability of the two sealers as well as the water contact angle, solubility, flow, roughness, crystalline microstructure, pH, and compressive strength were also evaluated. The antibacterial activity was assessed through an agar diffusion as well as through direct tests. All the results were statistically analyzed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance tests. Statistically significant lower void percentages were observed for CS at 2 and 8 mm from the working length (WL) compared to those for the BR group, whilst no significant difference was observed at 5 mm from the WL. BR sealer showed higher alkaline pH, rougher surface, lower water contact angle values, lower flowability, and higher solubility compared to CS. BR showed globular and needle-like crystalline microstructure, whilst CS had globular and flower-like crystalline microstructure up to 72 h. No statistical difference was found for the compressive strength between the two sealers. BR and CS showed no antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis after 3 h, whilst both sealers showed antibacterial capacity after 24 and 72 h. BR demonstrated higher antibacterial activity after 24 h. In conclusion, the use of bioceramic sealers may play an important role in controlling bacterial growth. Moreover, CS may have superior filling ability and lower solubility than the BioRoot sealer due to its specific chemical composition and mixing method.
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Mori GG, Andrade BS, Araujo MB. Endodontic approach in a replanted tooth with an immature root apex and chronic apical periodontitis: a case report. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e29. [PMID: 32839710 PMCID: PMC7431930 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the clinical steps taken in the treatment of a patient who had an avulsed right upper central incisor that presented with incomplete root development and chronic apical periodontitis. A 7-year-old boy was referred from a private dentist to a dental office specializing in endodontics. The tooth had remained in a dry environment for 20 minutes, and tooth replantation was performed at an emergency appointment. After clinical and radiographic examinations, root canal decontamination was performed, followed by several changes in intracanal calcium hydroxide medication. Blood clot formation was attempted, but bleeding within the root canal was insufficient; therefore, we opted for an intracanal medication change to stimulate mineralized tissue formation in the apical region. Root obturation was performed 45 days after the last change of intracanal medication, and clinical, radiographic, and tomographic follow-up examinations were performed at 3, 6, 18, and 40 months after the endodontic intervention. The increase in thickness and length of the root structure and the absence of root resorption were verified through follow-up examinations. Therefore, it was concluded that the procedures used were successful for tooth replantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Garrido Mori
- Dental School of Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Souza Andrade
- Dental School of Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bardelli Araujo
- Dental School of Presidente Prudente, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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Bose R, Ioannidis K, Foschi F, Bakhsh A, Kelly RD, Deb S, Mannocci F, Niazi SA. Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate Sealers against a Nutrient-Stressed Multispecies Biofilm. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092722. [PMID: 32846942 PMCID: PMC7563851 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate sealers (BioRoot RCS and Total Fill BC) and conventional sealers (AH Plus and Tubli-seal) against planktonic bacteria and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of freshly mixed sealers were investigated using the direct contact test (DCT) and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm comprised of five endodontic strains. Antimicrobial activity was determined using quantitative viable counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis with live/dead staining. The pH of the sealers was analysed over a period of 28 days in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey tests and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis with a significance of 5%. Results: All endodontic sealers exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS caused a significant reduction in viable counts of the biofilms compared to AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05), while no significant difference could be observed compared to TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal (p > 0.05). CLSM analysis showed that BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC exhibited significant biofilm inhibition compared to Tubli-seal, AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS presented with the highest microbial killing, followed by TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal. Alkalizing activity was seen from the onset by BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC and AH Plus. After 28 days, BioRoot RCS demonstrated the highest pH in HBSS (pH > 12). Conclusions: Calcium silicate sealers exhibited effective antimicrobial properties. This was demonstrated by superior biofilm inhibition capacity and microbial killing, with strong alkalizing activity compared to epoxy-based and zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bose
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Ioannidis
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Federico Foschi
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry I. M., Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abdulaziz Bakhsh
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert D. Kelly
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Mannocci
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
| | - Sadia Ambreen Niazi
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 17, Tower Wing, Guy’s Dental Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK; (R.B.); (K.I.); (F.F.); (A.B.); (R.D.K.); (S.D.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207188-1573
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Dos Santos Costa FM, Fernandes MH, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Genotoxicity of root canal sealers: a literature review. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3347-3362. [PMID: 32767107 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Root canal sealers are widely used worldwide in endodontics to prevent reinfection and growth of surviving microorganisms. Considering the strong correlation between genetic damage and carcinogenesis, evaluation of genotoxicity induced by endodontic sealers is recommended for elucidating the true health risks to patients and professionals. The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of studies involving genotoxicity analysis of endodontic sealers and the used methodologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was made in PubMed using the following combination of words "genotoxicity," "mutagenicity," "endodontic sealers," and "root canal sealers." A total of 39 articles with genotoxicity studies were selected for the present study. RESULTS Sealers have been ranked in decreasing order of their genotoxicity as: ZOE sealers > GIC sealers > S sealers > ER sealers > MR sealers > Novel sealers > CH sealers > CS sealers. CONCLUSIONS All published data showed some evidence of genotoxicity for most of the commercial root canal sealers; however, contradictory results were found, mainly for AH Plus, the most studied sealer. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The information provided would direct the endodontists to use the less genotoxic materials in endodontic treatment in a way to reduce DNA damage promoting oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Miguel Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Lim M, Jung C, Shin DH, Cho YB, Song M. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e35. [PMID: 32839716 PMCID: PMC7431927 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chanyong Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-bum Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Silva EJ, Hecksher F, Vieira VT, Vivan RR, Duarte MA, Brasil SC, Antunes HS. Cytotoxicity, antibacterial and physicochemical properties of a new epoxy resin-based endodontic sealer containing calcium hydroxide. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e533-e539. [PMID: 32665811 PMCID: PMC7335608 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and physicochemical properties of a new epoxy resin-based endodontic sealer containing calcium-hydroxide Sealer Plus. AH Plus was used as a reference for comparison.
Material and Methods Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed according to ISO-10993-5 specifications using MTT assay to check the 3T3 cells viability at 1- to 4-week periods. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using a direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis. Radiopacity, solubility and flow evaluations were performed according to ISO-6876/2012 specifications. Setting time was assessed following the ANSI/ADA-standard-n.57. The pH level was measured at 3,24,48,72, and 168 hours. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test. The significance level adopted was P<0.05.
Results AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed cytotoxic effects after 24 hours and 1 week of manipulation and become noncytotoxic after 2 weeks. No differences were observed in the cytotoxicity of both tested sealers (P>0.05). Direct contact results revealed that both freshly prepared sealers has antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis. However, after 7 days both sealers had lost much of their antibacterial effects. Although AH Plus presented higher radiopacity and flow than Sealer Plus (P<0.05), both sealers showed minimum required values. No differences were observed in the solubility of both sealers (P>0.05). AH Plus showed a higher setting time when compared to Sealer Plus (P<0.05). AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed a neutral pH during all tested periods (P<0.05).
Conclusions It can be concluded that Sealer Plus showed suitable properties to be used as an endodontic sealer, comparable with those obtained by AH Plus. Key words:Cytotoxicity, root canal filling materials, root canal obturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Hecksher
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor T Vieira
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Vivan
- Department of Endodontics, São Paulo University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A Duarte
- Department of Endodontics, São Paulo University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C Brasil
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henrique S Antunes
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
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Yilmaz Ş, Yoldas O, Dumani A, Guler G, Ilgaz S, Akbal E, Oksuz H, Celik A, Yilmaz B. Calcium hypochlorite on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity: MTT and comet assay. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5377-5383. [PMID: 32623618 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial irrigation solutions are widely used under clinical settings. Their effect on dental tissue is a subject of recent research, which aims for a safer irrigant for clinical use. In this regard, here our goal was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and the genotoxicity of calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) solution, along with NaOCl, on Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3). First, Cells were treated either with NaOCl or Ca(OCl)2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner for cytotoxicity by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, then cell viability was calculated according to cell proliferation plots. Secondly, genotoxicity was assessed by Comet assay. Data were statistically analyzed by Tukey's test (P < .05). NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 had similar effects on cellular viability at 3 and 6 h treatments. Cell viability of Ca(OCl)2 at concentrations of 0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05%, or 0.125% was significantly lower than that of NaOCl at 24 h treatment (P < .05).Comparing Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl treatments at all time points and concentrations, the damaged cell number of Ca(OCl)2 was almost fourfold higher than that of NaOCl. In conclusion, both, NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 solutions were cytotoxic and genotoxic to NIH3T3, however, Ca(OCl)2 had a significantly higher damaged cell percentage than NaOCl at all time points and concentrations investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şehnaz Yilmaz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Oguz Yoldas
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aysin Dumani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gizem Guler
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seda Ilgaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Eylül Akbal
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hale Oksuz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ayla Celik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Bertan Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Rodríguez‐Lozano FJ, López‐García S, García‐Bernal D, Tomás‐Catalá CJ, Santos JM, Llena C, Lozano A, Murcia L, Forner L. Chemical composition and bioactivity potential of the new Endosequence BC Sealer formulation HiFlow. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1216-1228. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Rodríguez‐Lozano
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia‐Arrixaca Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit IMIB‐Arrixaca University of Murcia MurciaSpain
- Gerodontology and Special Care in Dentistry Unit. School of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - S. López‐García
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia‐Arrixaca Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit IMIB‐Arrixaca University of Murcia MurciaSpain
| | - D. García‐Bernal
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia‐Arrixaca Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit IMIB‐Arrixaca University of Murcia MurciaSpain
| | - C. J. Tomás‐Catalá
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia‐Arrixaca Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit IMIB‐Arrixaca University of Murcia MurciaSpain
- Gerodontology and Special Care in Dentistry Unit. School of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - J. M. Santos
- Institute of Endodontics Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - C. Llena
- Department of Stomatology University de Valencia ValenciaSpain
| | - A. Lozano
- Department of Stomatology University de Valencia ValenciaSpain
| | - L. Murcia
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - L. Forner
- Department of Stomatology University de Valencia ValenciaSpain
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Šimundić Munitić M, Budimir A, Jakovljević S, Anić I, Bago I. Short-Term Antibacterial Efficacy of Three Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers Against Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilms. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:3-9. [PMID: 32523152 PMCID: PMC7233124 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/1/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of three bioceramic root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm. Material and methods E. faecalis bacterial suspension was grown on filter paper discs on agar plates. After the incubation period, the discs were covered with four different root canal sealers: 1) Premixing bioceramic root canal sealer (TotalFill BC Sealer); 2) Dual component bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS); 3) Mineral trioxide agreggate based sealer (MTA Fillapex); 4) Epoxy resin-based selar (AH Plus). After contact time of 60 minutes, the sealers were removed, and the discs were transferred into sterile tubes containing phosphate buffered saline. After serial dilutions, the aliquots of the suspension were cultivated for 24 hours. After the incubation period, the colony forming units (CFUs) were counted. Results There were no significant differences in antibacterial efficacy between the Total Fill BC Sealer and the AH Plus sealer (p=0.386). Both sealers showed better antibacterial efficacy compared to the BioRoot RCS and the MTA Fillapex (p<0.001). Conclusion The Total Fill BC Sealer and AH Plus had better antibacterial efficacy than the BioRoot RCS and the MTA Fillapex sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Budimir
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Jakovljević
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Anić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bago
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Ferreira Guimarães Xavier V, Felipe Moreira L, Guimarães Xavier D, Guimarães Xavier J, Steine W. Bioceramic Cements in Endodontics. Oral Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Teixeira ABV, de Castro DT, Schiavon MA, Dos Reis AC. Cytotoxicity and release ions of endodontic sealers incorporated with a silver and vanadium base nanomaterial. Odontology 2020; 108:661-668. [PMID: 32200485 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The modification of endodontic sealers with nanoparticles to confer antimicrobial activity allow greater effect, with interaction at a molecular level. The nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3) is a nanomaterial unprecedented in dentistry for this application. This study incorporated the AgVO3 into three endodontic sealers of different compositions and evaluate the cytotoxicity and release of compounds. The groups of commercially available AH Plus, Sealer 26, and Endomethasone N and groups of the same sealers with incorporated AgVO3 (at concentrations 2.5, 5, 10%) were prepared, and extracts of the specimens were obtained for 24 h. The cell viability (cytotoxicity) of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was assessed after 24 h, 7 and 14 days. Silver (Ag+) and vanadium (V4+/V5+) ion release was quantified after 24 h by ICP-MS. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc (α = 0.05). The cell viability was inversely proportional to treatment time. The Sealer 26 and Endomethasone N groups were cytotoxic for HGF cells, regardless of the incorporation of the AgVO3 (p > 0.05), and the incorporation reduced cell viability of AH Plus (p < 0.05). The release of ions was proportional to the concentration of AgVO3. AH Plus released more Ag+ ions, and Sealer 26 and Endomethasone N releases more V4+/V5+ ions. In conclusion, it was not possible to confirm the influence of AgVO3 on HGF cell viability to Sealer 26 and Endomethasone N, however, nanomaterial influenced cell-viability to AH Plus, so the commercial sealers can be cytotoxic in synergy with the nanomaterial. The release of Ag+ and V4+/V5+ was proportional to the AgVO3 incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira
- Departament of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Denise Tornavoi de Castro
- Departament of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Schiavon
- Departament of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, Praça Dom Helvécio, 74, Campus Dom Bosco, São João Del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Departament of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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Alves FR, Dias MC, Mansa MGC, Machado MD. Permanent Labiomandibular Paresthesia after Bioceramic Sealer Extrusion: A Case Report. J Endod 2020; 46:301-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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AlRahabi MK, AlKady AM. Current Trends in Practice of Residents in the Saudi Board of Endodontics Program. Eur J Dent 2020; 13:619-624. [PMID: 31891979 PMCID: PMC6938417 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3399456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of the current study was to collect information about some techniques and armamentarium currently used by the Saudi Board of Endodontics residents in relation to the technical steps of root canal therapy.
Materials and Methods
A web-based survey was sent to the Saudi Board of Endodontics residents, based in the western area of Saudi Arabia. The survey assessed controversial concepts, and collected information regarding new instruments and materials, used in the technical steps of nonsurgical root canal treatment. A one-sample chi-square test, with a 95% level of significance, was applied to determine whether there were significant differences between respondents’ answers.
Results
A total of 45 out of 50 residents (90%) responded to the questionnaire. The majority of Saudi Board residents of Endodontics, who participated in this survey, used the mean of working length (ML) measured by periapical X-Ray and apex locator in the presence of a radiographic lesion (63.3%), and maintained apical patency in all cases (80.0%). ProTaper Universal (40%) and ProTaper Next (41.2%) were the most common NiTi rotary systems used for root canal instrumentation. Thirty percent of respondents used adjunct device with irrigation, and 80% advocated smear layer removal. Zinc oxide–eugenol-based sealers were the most common used sealers (70%), and most residents (86.6%) did not advocate sealer extrusion.
Conclusions
This study revealed that residents of the Saudi Board of Endodontics program adopt new endodontic technologies. There is, however, a need for more investigations regarding this objective, including responses from all residents in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mothanna K AlRahabi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M AlKady
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Šimundić Munitić M, Poklepović Peričić T, Utrobičić A, Bago I, Puljak L. Antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available endodontic bioceramic root canal sealers: A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223575. [PMID: 31622387 PMCID: PMC6797114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a new generation of bioceramic root canal sealers has been introduced onto the market. Many in vitro studies have investigated the antimicrobial properties of these sealers, but their comparative efficacy in antimicrobial activity is still unknown. Methodology Three electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE and Embase via the OvidSP platform, and Web of Science, up to June 25, 2019. Studies were included irrespective of study design, type of publication and language. Reporting quality was assessed by two authors independently. Meta-analysis was not performed due to studies being highly heterogeneous. Results We included 37 studies that analysed the antimicrobial effects of bioceramic sealers. Most of them used a planktonic cell model, with the exception of nine studies which used biofilms. It was not possible to make direct comparison of results from studies and to give a clear conclusion about the comparative antimicrobial activity of these materials because the studies used heterogeneous sources and ages of microorganisms, setting and contact times of sealers, and antimicrobial tests. Furthermore, some materials showed completely different results when tested with different methods. Conclusions In conclusion, multiple in vitro studies have shown that bioceramic sealers may have various degrees of antimicrobial activity. However, it is still impossible to make conclusions about their comparative efficacy and to recommend the use of one over another in clinical practice because the studies available were conducted in different ways, which makes meta-analysis futile. A uniform methodological approach, consistent definitions and studies on humans are urgently needed in this field of research so that recommendations for practice can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Šimundić Munitić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Dental Polyclinic Split; School of Dental Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tina Poklepović Peričić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Utrobičić
- Cochrane Croatia, Central Medical Library, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bago
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livia Puljak
- Department of Evidence Based Medicine and Health Care, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Comparative Cytocompatibility and Mineralization Potential of Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193087. [PMID: 31546696 PMCID: PMC6804055 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. The cellular responses and mineralization capacity were studied in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to premixed hydraulic sealers, Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil), TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin-based material, AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Non-exposed cultures served as the control. The endodontic sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Statistical analyses were done using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparison (p = 0.05). AH Plus reduced cell viability and cell migration, whereas increased cell viability and cell migration were observed in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer (p < 0.05). The lowest cell attachment and spreading were observed for all concentrations of AH Plus, whereas the highest were observed for TotalFill BC Sealer. At the end of 21 days, only the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer supported matrix mineralization (p < 0.05). Additionally, SEM-EDX revealed high content of calcium, oxygen, and silicon in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer. Based on the results from this study, Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer demonstrated better cytocompatibility in terms of cell viability, migration, cell morphology, cell attachment, and mineralization capacity than AH Plus.
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50
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Biological Effects of New Hydraulic Materials on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081216. [PMID: 31416236 PMCID: PMC6722926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was: to evaluate the biological properties of new hydraulic materials: Bio-C Repair and Bio-C Sealer. Methods: Periodontal ligament stem cells were exposed to several dilutions of Bio-C Repair and Bio-C Sealer. The ion release profile and pH were determined. Metabolic activity, cell migration and cell survival were assessed using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), wound-healing assays and Annexin assays, respectively. Cells were cultured in direct contact with the surface of each material. These were then analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Statistical differences were assessed using a two-way ANOVA (α < 0.05). Results: Similar pH was observed in these cements. Bio-C Sealer released significantly more Ca and Si ions (p < 0.05) in comparison with Bio-C Repair. Undiluted Bio-C Sealer induced a significant reduction on cellular viability, cell survival and cell migration when compared to the control (p < 0.05). Moreover, SEM showed abundant cells adhered on Bio-C Repair and a moderate number of cells attached on Bio-C Sealer. Finally, EDX analysis identified higher percentages of Ca and O in the case of Bio-C repair than with Bio-C sealer, while other elements such as Zr and Si were more abundant in Bio-C sealer. Conclusions: Bio-C Repair displayed higher cell viability, cell adhesion and migration rates than Bio-C Sealer.
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