1
|
Maezono H, Klanliang K, Shimaoka T, Asahi Y, Takahashi Y, Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M, Hayashi M. Effects of Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration and Application Time on Bacteria in an Ex Vivo Polymicrobial Biofilm Model. J Endod 2024; 50:814-819. [PMID: 38452867 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In endodontic treatment, it is important to remove or inactivate biofilms in the root canal system. We investigated the effects of different concentrations and application times of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the viability of bacteria in ex vivo polymicrobial biofilms of different maturation levels. METHODS Polymicrobial biofilms were prepared from dental plaque samples and grown for 1, 2, and 3 weeks under anaerobic conditions on collagen-coated hydroxyapatite discs as an ex vivo biofilm model. The biofilms were then exposed to NaOCl at concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% for 1 or 3 minutes. The control group was exposed to sterile distilled water. Viability staining was performed and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine the percentage of biofilm bacteria killed by NaOCl. Scanning electron microscopy was also performed to visually examine the biofilms. RESULTS Application of NaOCl at 0.5%-2% for both 1 and 3 min killed significantly more bacteria when compared to the controls (P < .05). Cell viability tended to be lower after the application of NaOCl for 3 minutes than that for 1 minute. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments using an ex vivo model showed that within the range of 0.1%-2% of NaOCl, higher NaOCl concentrations and longer application times were more effective in killing biofilm bacteria, and that mature biofilms were more resistant to NaOCl than younger biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kittipit Klanliang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimaoka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Asahi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brochado Martins JF, Jautze A, Georgiou AC, Tulp BMT, Crielaard W, van der Waal SV. Well-being, postoperative pain and outcome after clinical application of a novel root canal irrigation fluid-RISA-in teeth with apical periodontitis: A first-in-human study. Int Endod J 2023; 56:1488-1498. [PMID: 37771316 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to assess the tolerance to the new root canal irrigation fluid RISA after root canal treatment (RCT) by evaluating the subject's postoperative well-being, postoperative pain (PP) and treatment outcome. METHODOLOGY A single-arm prospective study with 16 subjects (17 teeth) diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Endodontic treatment in one session performed using RISA for root canal irrigation. Well-being was assessed on the same day and after 24 h by telephone. For pain intensity, a visual analogue scale was used at 0-5 days. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at ≥12 months. Well-being, occurrence of PP and outcome were qualitatively reported. Friedman test for paired samples and Spearman correlation coefficient were used. Significance was set at p < .05. RESULTS At the same day and after 24 h, 14/16 subjects felt 'good'. 9/16 presented intra- or extra-oral swelling. The frequency of PP ≥36 (weak) was 82.4%. On the same day, 1 and 2 days postoperatively, there was more pain compared with preoperative pain p < .05. At Day 3, PP equalled preoperative pain (p > .05). 62.5% of subjects needed analgesics Day 0-2. The recall rate was 94.1%, and resolution of apical periodontitis was observed in 87.5%. CONCLUSIONS The well-being of subjects was good, and the overall PP intensity was low. However, postoperative intra- and extra-oral swelling occurred often. At the recall visit, the effectiveness of the RCT with RISA appeared high (87.5%). The encouraging outcome results plus the fact that RISA has a broader action range than NaOCl in vitro, justify further work on the RISA solution. To reduce postoperative swelling, it is advised to further investigate the optimal way of application of RISA in the laboratory before clinical application is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Filipe Brochado Martins
- Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Jautze
- Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athina Christina Georgiou
- Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitte Maria Theresia Tulp
- Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzette Veronica van der Waal
- Department of Endodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Villanueva-Castellote Á, Llena Puy C, Carda-Diéguez M, Mira Á, Ferrer MD. Ex vivo evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity in samples from endodontic infections. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 15:2160536. [PMID: 36583208 PMCID: PMC9793940 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2160536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To develop an in vitro model for real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm growth and evaluate the ex vivo effect of antibiotics on biofilm growth. Material and Methods Root canal samples were taken from 40 patients and inoculated into 96-well plates in a system that measures biofilm growth through electrical impedance. Biofilm bacterial composition at the genus and species level was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. ANCOM-BC corrected data were used to compare bacterial composition after antibiotic treatment through compositional analysis, and to compare microbiological with clinical data. Results The stationary phase was reached at 8 hours. The biofilm formed had a similar bacterial composition to the inoculum, and Enterococcus faecalis was virtually absent from the samples. The bacterial composition and the effect of antibiotics were sample-dependent. Metronidazole was the antibiotic that most inhibited biofilm formation and azithromycin the one that inhibited it in the highest percentage of cases. The antibiotic effect could not be related to the biofilm original bacterial composition. Conclusions The impedance system allowed real-time monitoring of endodontic biofilm formation, and we propose it as a model for ex vivo evaluation of the whole biofilm susceptibility to antimicrobials, as opposed to evaluating antibiotic sensitivity of specific bacterial isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Llena Puy
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain,CONTACT Carmen Llena Puy Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Álex Mira
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics&Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu Y, Wang W, Zeng Q, Wang T, Qian W. Antibiofilm Efficacy of Luteolin Against Single and Dual Species of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:715156. [PMID: 34721318 PMCID: PMC8555412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm-associated infections have been a huge challenge to the medical community. However, the efficacy of natural products against mixed biofilms of C. albicans and E. faecalis still remains largely unexploited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of luteolin against planktonic cell growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of C. albicans and E. faecalis in single and mixed cultures in vitro. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of luteolin against planktonic cells of C. albicans, E. faecalis, and mixed cultures were 32 and 64 μg ml–1, respectively. The results displayed that a remarkable variation in biofilm biomass, viability, structure, and composition of single and dual-species biofilms formed by mono- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and E. faecalis in the presence of luteolin was confirmed by mainly crystal violet staining assay (CVSA), optical microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The tolerance of luteolin-treated single- and dual-species biofilms to antibiotics was found to obviously decrease, and the loss of biofilm matrix components (mainly polysaccharides and proteins) was revealed by CLSM. Moreover, luteolin was effective at inactivating biofilm cells, as well as destructing preformed biofilm structures by single and dual species by CVSA, FESEM, and CLSM. Collectively, these data indicate the potential of luteolin as a promising antibiofilm agent for the therapeutic management of biofilm-related infections induced by single and dual species of C. albicans and E. faecalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiao Zeng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pereira TC, Dijkstra RJB, Petridis X, Sharma PK, van de Meer WJ, van der Sluis LWM, de Andrade FB. Chemical and mechanical influence of root canal irrigation on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals, dentine discs and dentinal tubules. Int Endod J 2020; 54:112-129. [PMID: 32880989 PMCID: PMC7839520 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the anti‐biofilm efficacy of irrigation using a simulated root canal model, the chemical effect of irrigants against biofilms grown on dentine discs and their impact on biofilm viscoelasticity, the efficacy of the irrigants in decontaminating infected dentinal tubules and the capacity of bacteria to regrow. Methodology Biofilm removal, viscoelastic analysis of remaining biofilms and bacterial viability were evaluated using a simulated root canal model with lateral morphological features, dentine discs and a dentinal tubule model, respectively. Experiments were conducted using a two‐phase irrigation protocol. Phase 1: a modified salt solution (RISA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used at a low flow rate to evaluate the chemical action of the irrigants. Ultrasonic activation (US) of a chemically inert solution (buffer) was used to evaluate the mechanical efficacy of irrigation. Phase 2: a final irrigation with buffer at a high flow rate was performed for all groups. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), low load compression testing (LLCT) and confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis were used in the different models. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed for the OCT and LLCT analysis, whilst Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon ranked tests for the dentinal tubule model. Results US and high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the artificial lateral canal. For biofilm removal from the artificial isthmus, no significant differences were found between the groups. Within‐group analysis revealed significant differences between the steps of the experiment, with the exception of NaOCl. For the dentine discs, no significant differences regarding biofilm removal and viscoelasticity were detected. In the dentinal tubule model, NaOCl exhibited the greatest anti‐biofilm efficacy. Conclusions The mechanical effect of irrigation is important for biofilm removal. An extra high flow irrigation rate resulted in greater biofilm removal than US in the artificial isthmus. The mechanical effect of US seemed to be more effective when the surface contact biofilm–irrigant was small. After the irrigation procedures, the remaining biofilm could survive after a 5‐day period. RISA and NaOCl seemed to alter post‐treatment remaining biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X Petridis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J van de Meer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F B de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Efficacy of chelerythrine against dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:427. [PMID: 32968612 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are often associated with pathogenic biofilms ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections. Recent studies have reported that chelerythrine (CHE) displays antimicrobial activities against a few microorganisms, but its effects on dual-species biofilms of S. aureus and S. lugdunensis have never been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate how dual-species biofilms of S. aureus and S. lugdunensis respond when challenged with CHE. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CHE against planktic cells in dual-species culture was 8 μg/mL. CHE also suppressed dual-species biofilm formation at minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC90, 4 μg/mL). Further, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) using five fluorescent dyes revealed the dose-dependent reduction of the levels of three key biofilm matrix components, and reduced tolerance to gatifloxacin, of biofilms exposed to CHE. Moreover, CHE efficiently eradicated preformed dual-species biofilms at minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC, 256 μg/mL). Hence, CHE has the potential to address biofilm infections of clinical course and other biofilm-related diseases caused by S. aureus and S. lugdunensis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pereira TC, Dijkstra RJB, Petridis X, van der Meer WJ, Sharma PK, de Andrade FB, van der Sluis LWM. The influence of time and irrigant refreshment on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1705-1714. [PMID: 32502284 PMCID: PMC7754391 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of irrigant refreshment and exposure time of a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) on biofilm removal from simulated lateral root canal spaces using two different flow rates. Methodology A dual‐species biofilm was formed by a Constant Depth Film Fermenter (CDFF) for 96 h in plug inserts with anatomical features resembling an isthmus or lateral canal‐like structures. The inserts were placed in a root canal model facing the main canal. NaOCl 2% and demineralized water (control group) were used as irrigant solutions. Both substances were applied at a flow rate of 0.05 and 0.1 mL s−1. The samples were divided into three groups with zero, one or two refreshments in a total exposure time of 15 min. A three‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed to investigate the interaction amongst the independent variables and the effect of consecutive irrigant refreshment on percentage of biofilm removal. A Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the effect of each independent variable on percentage biofilm removal in the absence of statistically significant interactions. Results For the lateral canal, NaOCl removed significantly more biofilm irrespective of the number of refreshments and exposure time (P = 0.005). There was no significant effect in biofilm removal between the consecutive irrigant refreshments measured in the same biofilm. For the isthmus, NaOCl removed significantly more biofilm irrespective of the number of refreshments and exposure time; both NaOCl and a high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm when the exposure time was analysed (P = 0.018 and P = 0.029, respectively). Evaluating the effect of consecutive irrigant refreshment on the same biofilm, 2% NaOCl, 0.1 mL s−1 flow rate and one or two refreshments removed significant more biofilm (P = 0.04, 0.034 and 0.003, <0.001, respectively). Conclusions In this model, refreshment did not improve biofilm removal from simulated lateral root canal spaces. NaOCl removed more biofilm from the lateral canal‐ and isthmus‐like structure. A higher flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the isthmus‐like structure. There was always remaining biofilm left after the irrigation procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X Petridis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J van der Meer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F B de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kristensen MF, Leonhardt D, Neland MLB, Schlafer S. A 3D printed microfluidic flow-cell for microscopy analysis of in situ-grown biofilms. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 171:105876. [PMID: 32087186 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm phenomena ranging from metabolic processes to attachment, detachment and quorum sensing are influenced by the fluid flow across the biofilm. A number of commercially available flow-cells allow for microscopy analysis of laboratory biofilms under flow, but there is a lack of shear controlled microfluidic devices that accommodate biofilms grown in situ on carriers or tissue samples. Therefore, we developed a flow-cell with adjustable geometry for microscopy analysis of in situ-grown biofilm samples under shear-controlled flow. The flow-cells were designed as one-piece disposable models, 3D-printed in resin and sealed with a coverslip after insertion of the biofilm sample. As a proof of concept, we studied the impact of stimulated saliva flow on pH developments in in situ-grown dental biofilms exposed to sucrose. Under static conditions, pH dropped in the biofilms, with pronounced differences between individual biofilms, but also between different microscopic fields of view within one biofilm. pH in the top layer of the biofilms tended to be lower than pH in the bottom layer. Under conditions of stimulated saliva flow (5 mm/min), pH rose to neutral or slightly alkaline values in all biofilms, and the vertical gradients were reversed, with the biofilm bottom becoming more acidic than the top. Hence, the present work demonstrates the importance of flow for the study of pH in dental biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Frost Kristensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
| | - Dirk Leonhardt
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
| | | | - Sebastian Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark..
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Conrads G, Wendt LK, Hetrodt F, Deng ZL, Pieper D, Abdelbary MMH, Barg A, Wagner-Döbler I, Apel C. Deep sequencing of biofilm microbiomes on dental composite materials. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1617013. [PMID: 31143408 PMCID: PMC6522937 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1617013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The microbiome on dental composites has not been studied in detail before. It has not been conclusively clarified whether restorative materials influence the oral microbiome. Methods: We used Illumina Miseq next-generation sequencing of the 16S V1-V2 region to compare the colonisation patterns of bovine enamel (BE) and the composite materials Grandio Flow (GF) and Grandio Blocs (GB) after 48 h in vivo in 14 volunteers. Applying a new method to maintain the oral microbiome ex vivo for 48 h also, we compared the microbiome on GF alone and with the new antimicrobial substance carolacton (GF+C). Results: All in vitro biofilm communities showed a higher diversity and richness than those grown in vivo but the very different atmospheric conditions must be considered. Contrary to expectations, there were only a few significant differences between BE and the composite materials GB and GF either in vivo or in vitro: Oribacterium, Peptostreptococcaceae [XI][G-1] and Streptococcus mutans were more prevalent and Megasphaera, Prevotella oulorum, Veillonella atypica, V. parvula, Gemella morbillorum, and Fusobacterium periodonticum were less prevalent on BE than on composites. In vivo, such preferences were only significant for Granulicatella adiacens (more prevalent on BE) and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. animalis (more prevalent on composites). On DNA sequence level, there were no significant differences between the biofilm communities on GF and GF+C. Conclusion: We found that the oral microbiome showed an increased richness when grown on various composites compared to BE in vitro, but otherwise changed only slightly independent of the in vivo or in vitro condition. Our new ex vivo biofilm model might be useful for pre-clinical testing of preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry & Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Katharina Wendt
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry & Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Hetrodt
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry & Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhi-Luo Deng
- Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pieper
- Group Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed M H Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry & Periodontology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Busanello FH, Petridis X, So MVR, Dijkstra RJB, Sharma PK, van der Sluis LWM. Chemical biofilm removal capacity of endodontic irrigants as a function of biofilm structure: optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy and viscoelasticity determination as integrated assessment tools. Int Endod J 2018; 52:461-474. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. H. Busanello
- Conservative Dentistry Department; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - X. Petridis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - M. V. R. So
- Conservative Dentistry Department; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - R. J. B. Dijkstra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - P. K. Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University Medical Center Groningen; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - L. W. M. van der Sluis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene; Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Al-Obaidi H, Kalgudi R, Zariwala MG. Fabrication of inhaled hybrid silver/ciprofloxacin nanoparticles with synergetic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
12
|
Diogo P, Mota M, Fernandes C, Sequeira D, Palma P, Caramelo F, Neves MGP, Faustino MAF, Gonçalves T, Santos JM. Is the chlorophyll derivative Zn(II)e 6 Me a good photosensitizer to be used in root canal disinfection? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
13
|
Schiavotelo TCL, Coelho MS, Rasquin LC, Rocha DGP, Fontana CE, Bueno CEDS. Ex-vivo Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Two Activated Irrigation Techniques After Reciprocating Instrumentation in Curved Canals. Open Dent J 2017; 11:512-519. [PMID: 29238411 PMCID: PMC5712658 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two activated irrigation techniques in removing the smear layer after single-file reciprocating instrumentation in curved canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty distobuccal roots of maxillary molars were standardized to create a closed system, and then instrumented using WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) instruments. Fifty-four specimens were randomly distributed into 3 groups for final irrigation: Non-activated irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and EndoActivator (EA;Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa, USA) irrigation. All specimens received 3 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 minute, followed by irrigation with 6 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. The apical, middle and cervical thirds of the specimens were analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and the amount of remaining smear layer on the canal walls was rated by three examiners using a five-category scoring system. Kendall’s concordance coefficient was used to assess inter-rater agreement. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (Bonferroni) tests were used to compare the scores. Results: Kendall’s concordance coefficient was ≥ 0.7, indicating an excellent level of agreement between the raters. No statistically significant difference in irrigation techniques efficacy for removal of the smear layer (p=0.061) was found for the apical third. The scores attributed to the specimens irrigated with the EA system were significantly lower than those of the other groups in the cervical and middle thirds (p< 0.05). Conclusions: The efficacy of the EA system in removing the smear layer in the cervical and middle thirds of root canals instrumented with reciprocating motion was significantly higher than that of either PUI or non-activated irrigation. Both EA and PUI performed similarly in apical third.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Santos Coelho
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry and Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Cardoso Rasquin
- Department of Integrated Clinical Dentistry and Diagnostics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel Guimarães Pedro Rocha
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry and Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry and Medicine, São Leopoldo Mandic University, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry and Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krishnan U, Saji S, Clarkson R, Lalloo R, Moule AJ. Free Active Chlorine in Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions Admixed with Octenidine, SmearOFF, Chlorhexidine, and EDTA. J Endod 2017; 43:1354-1359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Ciofu O, Rojo-Molinero E, Macià MD, Oliver A. Antibiotic treatment of biofilm infections. APMIS 2017; 125:304-319. [PMID: 28407419 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are associated with a wide range of infections, from those related to exogenous devices, such as catheters or prosthetic joints, to chronic tissue infections such as those occurring in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Biofilms are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment due to multiple tolerance mechanisms (phenotypic resistance). This causes persistence of biofilm infections in spite of antibiotic exposure which predisposes to antibiotic resistance development (genetic resistance). Understanding the interplay between phenotypic and genetic resistance mechanisms acting on biofilms, as well as appreciating the diversity of environmental conditions of biofilm infections which influence the effect of antibiotics are required in order to optimize the antibiotic treatment of biofilm infections. Here, we review the current knowledge on phenotypic and genetic resistance in biofilms and describe the potential strategies for the antibiotic treatment of biofilm infections. Of note is the optimization of PK/PD parameters in biofilms, high-dose topical treatments, combined and sequential/alternate therapies or the use antibiotic adjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Ciofu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Costerton Biofilm Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Estrella Rojo-Molinero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - María D Macià
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|