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AbdElneam AI, Alhajlah S, Al‐Dhubaibi MS, Bahaj SS, Mohammed GF, Alantry AK, Atef LM. In severe acne vulgaris, TNF-α gene variants are connected to increased TNF-α gene expression and insulin resistance. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13811. [PMID: 38923681 PMCID: PMC11197027 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit, commonly presenting as comedones, papules, pustules, or nodules on the face, upper limbs, torso, and back, with comedones formation being the primary pathology leading to disfiguring inflammation, hyperpigmentation, scarring, and psychological impact. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of two genetic variants in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene and their association with insulin resistance (IR) in acne patients. To understand how these variants contribute to AV and its associated IR. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study with a case-control design and research evaluation was carried out on 87 AV patients and 73 healthy volunteers. The medical histories of both groups were obtained, as well as the severity and duration of inflammation among acne sufferers, as well as demographic data. Biochemical analysis was performed on both sets of participants, including fasting blood glucose levels, insulin levels while fasting, IR, and serum TNF-α. PCR-RFLP analysis identified -863 G > A (rs1800630) and -308 G > A (rs1800629) variations, and real-time PCR analysis evaluated TNF-α gene expression in both patients and healthy people. RESULTS Acne patients exhibited significantly higher levels of IR, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum TNF-α, and TNF-α folding change, when compared to healthy controls. The co-dominant model for -863 G > A and -308 G > A variants exhibited significant variations between the two groups. Severe acne patients who had the A/A genotype for -308 variants exhibited higher levels of IR, serum TNF-α, and TNF-α folding change. Highly significant positive linear correlation between IR, serum TNF-α, and TNF-α folding change in severe AV. CONCLUSION There is a correlation between AV, especially severe acne, and the -863 G > A and -308 G > A polymorphism, which influences TNF-α gene expression and serum TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineShaqra UniversityDawadmiSaudi Arabia
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology DepartmentHuman Genetics and Genome Research InstituteNational Research CenterDokkiCairoEgypt
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical LaboratoriesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesShaqra UniversityShaqraSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Saleh Salem Bahaj
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSana'a UniversitySana'aYemen
| | - Ghada Farouk Mohammed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and SexologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Ahmed Kaid Alantry
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Physiology unitUniazah College of Medicine and Medical SciencesQassim UniversityUnaizahSaudi Arabia
| | - Lina Mohammed Atef
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and SexologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
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Bungau AF, Tit DM, Bungau SG, Vesa CM, Radu AF, Marin RC, Endres LM, Moleriu LC. Exploring the Metabolic and Endocrine Preconditioning Associated with Thyroid Disorders: Risk Assessment and Association with Acne Severity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:721. [PMID: 38255795 PMCID: PMC10815585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic preconditioning, characterized by conditions like obesity and insulin resistance syndrome, disrupts hormonal balance. Elevated androgen levels stimulate excessive sebum production and follicular cell proliferation, leading to acne lesions. Similarly, thyroid hormone imbalances affect sebaceous gland activity, epidermal lipid composition, and skin cell turnover, impacting acne occurrence and severity. This study aimed to assess the potential contribution of metabolic and endocrine preconditions to acne development. A total of 389 patients diagnosed with acne were included and divided into three groups: the metabolic precondition group (MPG, N = 163, 41.9%), the endocrine precondition group (EPG, N = 162, 41.65%), and the control group (CG, N = 89, 22.88%). Data related to the degree of acne severity and comorbidities of interest were collected from the patients' medical records. In the groups with concomitant diseases, moderate and severe acne were significantly more prevalent (56.44% and 41.10% in MPG, and 35.80% and 61.11% in EPG) compared to the control group (5.61% and 4.89%). The most prevalent preconditions observed were insulin resistance syndrome in MPG (63.8%) and autoimmune thyroiditis in EPG (95.06%). Significant age-related differences in acne severity were found across all study groups (p < 0.05). In MPG, the age variable was significantly higher in the presence of mild acne, while in EPG, the age variable was significantly lower for the mild acne group. A positive association was observed between the severity of acne and insulin resistance syndrome, obesity, autoimmune thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism (p < 0.05). Risk analysis indicated a significantly higher risk (RR > 1, 95% CI RR > 1, p < 0.001) of developing moderate and severe acne in the presence of these preconditions. The presence of both metabolic and endocrine preconditions significantly increased the likelihood of developing severe acne, leading to the hypothesis that both conditions may be contributing factors to the development of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (D.M.T.); (A.-F.R.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (D.M.T.); (A.-F.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (D.M.T.); (A.-F.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (D.M.T.); (A.-F.R.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (A.F.B.); (D.M.T.); (A.-F.R.)
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Laura Maria Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Lavinia-Cristina Moleriu
- Department III of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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AbdElneam AI, Al-Dhubaibi MS, Bahaj SS, Mohammed GF, Atef LM. Apo B-48 gene expression and low-density lipoprotein as a factor for increased insulin resistance and severity of acne. Gene 2023; 885:147703. [PMID: 37572798 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of insulin to acne is that it stimulates the synthesis of androgenic hormones, which are important in the development of excess sebum, hyperkeratinization, and sebaceous gland cell growth. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether the lipid profile abnomalies seen in acne vulgaris are genetically induced, we also seek to establish a link between insulin resistance and lipid profiles. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study with case-control design research investigation of 72 individuals with acne vulgaris and 72 healthy volunteers was carried out. Both groups' medical histories were taken, as were the severity and duration of the disease among acne sufferers, as well as demographic data. Anthropometry tests were performed on both groups, including their weights, height, and circumference of waist, as well as the profile of lipids, blood glucose levels after a fast, insulin levels during fasting, resistance to insulin, and Apo B-48 folding change. RESULTS Severe acne vulgaris patients showed significantly increased TG, TC, LDL-C, blood glucose levels after a fast, fasting insulin, and resistance to insulin levels. P = 0.005 showed that Apo B-48 expression increased in patients compared to healthy people. Apo B-48 folding change and insulin resistance were found to have a substantial positive simple linear association. Acne vulgaris, whether mild, moderate, or severe, has a significant positive linear connection with insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Acne patients had an abnormal in lipid profile. Acne individuals with severe form are more inclined to acquire resistance to insulin as well as higher glucose and insulin levels. Apo B-48 gene expression is elevated in acne individuals with severe form who have lipid abnormalities. This illustrating the importance of genetic variables in acne, insulin resistance, lipid profile modifications as well as Isotretinoin, a standard acne medication, can also cause lipid irregularities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia; Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Center, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Saleh Salem Bahaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Yemen.
| | - Ghada Farouk Mohammed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Lina Mohamed Atef
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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AbdElneam AI, Al‐Dhubaibi MS, Bahaj SS, Mohammed GF, Alantry AK, Atef LM. Effect of interleukin-12 gene expression on insulin resistance in patients with acne vulgaris. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13503. [PMID: 38009017 PMCID: PMC10598429 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition where cells become resistant to insulin, causing impaired glucose uptake and increased blood glucose levels. Interleukin-12 (IL-12), a cytokine, regulates the immune system. High levels of IL-12 can lead to chronic inflammation, exacerbate resistance to insulin, and contribute to type 2 diabetes. Also, link IR to acne vulgaris (AV), as it reduces tissue sensitivity to insulin, causing increased insulin levels and sebum production, which can contribute to acne development. AIM To explore the role of IL-12 gene expression on IR in AV patients and to study the role of IL-12 gene in the development of AV. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A case-control study was performed on 68 AV patients and 68 healthy controls. The biochemical analysis included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, (HOMA-IR), and serum IL-12 level. IL-12 gene expression was performed by quantitative real-time PCR for both two groups. In addition, folding change was calculated by using the standard 2-(∆∆Ct) method. RESULT IL-12 level, IL-12 folding change, fasting insulin, and IR were all increased in acne patients. A highly significant linear correlation was found between IL-12 folding change and both IL-12 levels and IR. There is a substantial positive significant simple linear association between IL-12 level and IL-12 folding change, as well as IR and IL-12 folding change, in moderate and severe acne. CONCLUSION IL-12 gene has an important role in IR and the development of acne in AV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim AbdElneam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of MedicineShaqra UniversityDawadmiSaudi Arabia
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research InstituteNational Research CenterDokkiCairoEgypt
| | | | - Saleh Salem Bahaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSana'a UniversitySanaʽaYemen
| | - Ghada Farouk Mohammed
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Sexology, Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
| | - Ahmed Kaid Alantry
- Physiology Department, Unaizah College of MedicineQassim UniversityUnaizahSaudi Arabia
| | - Lina M. Atef
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Sexology, Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt
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Okoro OE, Camera E, Flori E, Ottaviani M. Insulin and the sebaceous gland function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1252972. [PMID: 37727660 PMCID: PMC10505787 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1252972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin affects metabolic processes in different organs, including the skin. The sebaceous gland (SG) is an important appendage in the skin, which responds to insulin-mediated signals, either directly or through the insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. Insulin cues are differently translated into the activation of metabolic processes depending on several factors, including glucose levels, receptor sensitivity, and sebocyte differentiation. The effects of diet on both the physiological function and pathological conditions of the SG have been linked to pathways activated by insulin and IGF-1. Experimental evidence and theoretical speculations support the association of insulin resistance with acne vulgaris, which is a major disorder of the SG. In this review, we examined the effects of insulin on the SG function and their implications in the pathogenesis of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Kozłowski M, Niedzielska M, Lorenz A, Brodowska A, Malanowska E, Przepiera A, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Sowińska-Przepiera E. Metabolic and Dietary Factors in Acne Vulgaris and Evaluation of the Acne Vulgaris Treatment with Oral Contraceptive-Based Therapies in Young Adult Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:1488. [PMID: 36986218 PMCID: PMC10057923 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of acne is complex, as several endo- and exogenous factors that affect the sebaceous-hair unit are involved in the development of acne lesions. The main aim of the study was to evaluate selected metabolic parameters before treatment. Another goal of the study was to determine the correlation between selected metabolic and dietary parameters and the severity of acne before treatment. The third objective was to assess the severity of acne before and after treatment, considering the type of treatment used. The final objective was to assess the relationship between the difference in acne severity before and after treatment, considering the type of treatment used and factors of dairy or sweets intake. 168 women participated in the study. The patients belonged to two groups: the study group (99 patients with acne vulgaris) and the control group (69 patients without skin lesions). The study group was divided into subgroups according to the treatment used: contraceptive preparation, contraceptive preparation and cyproterone acetate, and contraceptive preparation and isotretinoin preparation. We found that LDL levels and consumption of sweets correlated with acne severity. The mainstay of acne treatment is contraceptive treatment (ethinylestradiol and drospirenone). The effectiveness of the three contraceptive-based treatments was confirmed by observing the severity of acne. There were no significant correlations between the difference in acne severity before and after treatment with the three treatments and factors of dairy or sweet consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kozłowski
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mirela Niedzielska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lorenz
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Brodowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Malanowska
- Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Przepiera
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
- Pediatric, Adolescent Gynecology Clinic, Department of Gynecology, Endocrinology and Gynecological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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Carneiro ACA, de Carvalho JF, de Sá DC, Rodrigues CEM. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Adult Patients with Acne: Association with Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Acne Severity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:109-114. [PMID: 36472551 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit, and there are conflicting evidences regarding its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 162 acne patients, over 20 years of age, matched for age and sex with 78 healthy controls without acne. The measured parameters included waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol. Acne severity was determined according to the Global Acne Grading System. The criteria used for the diagnosis of MS were those of the Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome Statement, adjusted for South Americans, and the IR was calculated using the HOMA-IR. Results: The prevalence of MS was significantly higher in cases, compared to controls (12.3% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.014), as was the prevalence of IR (11.7% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.047). In addition, MS and IR showed a positive correlation with the degree of acne severity (P = 0.011 and P = 0.021, respectively). HDL levels were significantly lower in cases (P = 0.012) and showed an association with acne severity (P = 0.038). In the logistic regression model, the risk factor that independently influenced both MS and IR in patients with acne was the WC (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Adults with acne, especially the most severe cases, are significantly more likely to have MS, IR, and lower HDL levels, compared to controls without acne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carlos Ewerton Maia Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Ceará, Brazil.,Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Ceará, Brazil
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Meena AK, Mendiratta V, Goyal R, Bisherwal K, Yadav V, Prasadh V. Biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in adult female acne. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1392-1399. [PMID: 36606389 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of adult patients with acne is increasing and women comprise majority of the cases. There is lack of data on biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in adult female acne (AFA). AIMS To evaluate biochemical and hormonal parameters in 60 patients of AFA. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study conducted from November 2018 to March 2020 in Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Adult females (age > 25 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acne were included in the study. RESULTS 60 cases of AFA were included. The age ranged between 26-41 years with mean age at presentation being 29.45 years. 53.3% patients had persistent acne while 46.7% had late-onset acne. 50% patients had history of premenstrual flare-up of their acne. Raised FBG was found in 25% patients. 10% had raised serum insulin levels. HOMA-IR index was deranged in 55% patients. At least one lipid alteration was reported in 91.6% of patients. In hormonal parameters, raised TT was present in 6.7%, LH in 3.3%, FSH in 18.3%, prolactin in 3.3%, and TSH in 15%. No association was found between acne severity and biochemical and hormonal parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the importance of measuring lipid profile in AFA and calculating HOMA-IR index for measuring insulin resistance rather than simply measuring serum insulin levels. In our study, additional parameter deranged in significant number of patients was FBG. Hence, we recommend routine screening of lipid profile, FBG and calculation of HOMA-IR index in AFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Meena
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vibhu Mendiratta
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Bisherwal
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidya Yadav
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivin Prasadh
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Insulin Resistance and Acne: The Role of Metformin as Alternative Therapy in Men. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010027. [PMID: 36678524 PMCID: PMC9862044 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between acne and insulin resistance has not been investigated as thoroughly in males as it has been in women, despite the fact that in adult men, acne prevalence has grown. On the face, sebaceous glands produce and secrete sebum, which lubricates the skin and protects it from friction. Metformin, an insulin-sensitizing medication, may modify the association between acne vulgaris and insulin resistance (IR). Individuals with IR, metabolic syndrome or with impaired glucose tolerance are sometimes treated 'off label' with Metformin. In these conditions, IR may be a leading factor in the pathogenesis of acne, and in men, Metformin treatment may reduce the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score by enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, additional clinical studies are required to corroborate these assumptions.
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Albalwa K, Kenawy M, El‐fallah AA, Salem RM. Serum and salivary adipsin levels and its association with insulin resistance in acne vulgaris patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 22:1354-1360. [PMID: 36459421 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is scarcity in literature about the reliability of salivary markers in acne vulgaris. AIMS The aims were to evaluate the insulin resistance (IR) and adipsin levels in serum and saliva in a sample of acne vulgaris patients; and to correlate IR and adipsin levels with the disease severity. METHODS This prospective case-control study included 60 acne vulgaris patients (patients Group), in addition, 60 apparently healthy individuals (control group). The severity of acne vulgaris was determined according to Global Acne Grading system (GAGS). Serum and salivary adipsin, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin levels were measured using ELISA kits. RESULTS Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients group both in serum and saliva were elevated when compared with the control group. Serum and salivary levels of adipsin and Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUIKI) in patients were decreased than the control group. Adipsin serum levels show significant negative correlations with all study variables except QUIKI with which the correlation was positive both in serum and saliva. There was a significant positive correlation between serum and salivary adipsin levels (r = 0.873, p < 0.00001) and serum and salivary fasting glucose (r = 1, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Adipsin could be considered as a promising biomarker for acne vulgaris and its associated insulin resistance. Moreover, the salivary measurements may be considered as useful biomarkers in acne vulgaris patients, but more studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawther Albalwa
- Dermatology Resident at Alramadi Teaching Hospital Alramadi Iraq
| | - Mohammed Kenawy
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt
| | - Asmaa Adel El‐fallah
- Chemical and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt
| | - Rehab Mohammed Salem
- Department of Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Qalubia Governorate, Benha University Benha Egypt
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Chandak S, Singh A, Madke B, Jawade S, Khandelwal R. Acne Vulgaris and Metabolic Syndrome: A Possible Association. Cureus 2022; 14:e24750. [PMID: 35677010 PMCID: PMC9166482 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acne vulgaris is an androgen-dependent disorder with excessive sebum production and proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multisystem disorder that increases the risk of diabetes mellitus, stroke, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to analyze the association of MetS with acne vulgaris. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 65 cases of acne vulgaris and 65 age and sex-matched controls. We used the system provided by the Indian authors for grading acne according to the clinical severity. In addition, the criteria updated according to the joint consensus of 2009 were employed for the diagnosis of MetS. Results On clinical examination, grade 2 was the most prevalent grade of acne. We observed an increased incidence of abnormal waist circumference, triglyceride, HDL, and fasting blood glucose among the cases (p<0.05). Consequently, an increased occurrence of MetS was observed in the case group (p=0.011). While comparing the mean values of the parameters, we noted a significant difference in terms of waist circumference and HDL values. An increased mean value of waist circumference was noted in the case group while an increased mean value of HDL was reported from the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion Patients with acne vulgaris have a greater chance of developing MetS. Hence, an in-depth examination of clinical, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters that may lead to the development of MetS is necessary.
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Khattab FM, Fawzy M. Incretin serum level as a biomarker of insulin Resistance in acne vulgaris patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5181-5186. [PMID: 35478371 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between serum Incretin and acne vulgaris (AV) and insulin resistance (IR), and to find the biological indicators of acne vulgaris with insulin resistance. METHODS 60 patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris in the dermatology department of Zagazig University and 56 healthy people in the health examination center of this hospital were collected respectively as the control group; all the included people were drawn fasting blood to test serum Incretin, blood lipids, sex hormones and INS release test to explore the role of serum Incretin in acne vulgaris and insulin resistance. RESULTS The average level of Incretin in the acne group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=7.189, P<0.001). The average level of Incretin in the acne group with insulin resistance was lower than that in the acne without insulin resistance group, the difference was statistically significant (t=22.328, P<0.001). In the acne group, the insulin resistance index decreased with the increase of Incretin level, and the two showed a negative correlation. (R = -0.711, P<0.001.( CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acne vulgaris are prone to have insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in patients with acne vulgaris is negatively correlated with Incretin. Serum Incretin may be expected to be a biomarker for diagnosing acne vulgaris patients with insulin resistance. The severity of acne vulgaris may have no obvious correlation with insulin resistance and serum incretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia M Khattab
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Manal Fawzy
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Podder I, Agarwal K, Anurag A. Metabolic Status, Obesity, and Quality of Life in Patients with Acne Vulgaris: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study. Indian J Dermatol 2021; 66:223. [PMID: 34188293 PMCID: PMC8208264 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_321_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the adolescents, with a profound impact on their quality of life. There is conflicting data regarding its association with metabolic syndrome. Objective: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity in patients with acne vulgaris, and determine its impact on the patient's quality of life. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, case-control study involving 50 patients with acne vulgaris (cases) and 50 age and sex-matched controls without acne. Acne vulgaris was graded according to clinical severity using the GAGS scale. NCEP-ATP III criteria and modified classification of body mass index (BMI) for Asian Indians were used to diagnose MetS and obesity, respectively, in both cases and controls. We used the DLQI questionnaire to evaluate its impact on the quality of life. Results: Cases and controls were comparable with respect to parameters like age, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DSBP), and serum triglyceride while fasting blood sugar (FBS, case > control) and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL, control > case) were significantly different (P < 0.05, independent t-test). Prevalence of MetS was higher in cases (32%) than controls (14%), though comparable (P = 0.06, Chi-square). Only SBP, FBS, and serum HDL showed a significant correlation with the severity of acne. Obesity was comparable between cases (18%) and controls (10%), without any relation to acne severity. Acne exerted a moderate impact on the quality of life (mean DLQI 9.3). Severe acne showed higher DLQI, although their correlation was not statistically significant (P = 0.8, ANOVA). Conclusion: Although acne patients may develop MetS and obesity, there is a lack of significant association. Thus, we should examine all obese patients, irrespective of dermatological disorder, to rule out metabolic syndrome. Acne also affects the patient's quality of life, thus emphasizing the need for additional psychosocial counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrashis Podder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, West Bengal, India
| | - Komal Agarwal
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, West Bengal, India
| | - Anubhav Anurag
- Intern, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, West Bengal, India
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Pektas SD, Cinar N, Duman DD, Kara A, Batu J, Karakas-Celik S, Aksoy DY. The relationship among androgens, insulin resistance and ghrelin polymorphisms in post-adolescent male patients with severe acne vulgaris. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:800-809. [PMID: 33240024 PMCID: PMC7675091 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ghrelin has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Data about the role of ghrelin and ghrelin polymorphisms in the development of acne vulgaris in post-adolescent male patients are limited. AIM To evaluate the role of serum androgens, insulin resistance, ghrelin and ghrelin polymorphisms in severe acne vulgaris. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-five post-adolescent male patients with a mean age of 28.0 ±5.4 years and 33 age-and BMI-matched controls were enrolled. Serum androgens, lipids, insulin sensitivity parameters and ghrelin levels were determined. The PCR method was used for GHRL polymorphisms (rs27647, rs696217 and rs34911341 genotypes). RESULTS Patients had similar anthropometric measures to controls, except a significantly higher WHR in patients (0.92 ±0.06 vs. 0.86 ±0.08, p < 0.05). Also, FPG, HOMA-IR values, lipid profile and serum androgen levels were similar. Interestingly, patients had significantly lower ghrelin levels than controls (4.5 ±5.8 vs. 101.2 ±86.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001). The frequencies of rs696217 and rs34911341 genotypes were similar whereas the distribution of rs27647 alleles was significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). GA and GG genotypes of GHRL rs27647 polymorphism indicated an increased risk of developing acne vulgaris (OR = 11.156, 95% CI: 2.864-43.464, OR = 5.312, 95% CI: 1.269-22.244, respectively; p < 0.05). Patients with rs27647-AA polymorphism had significantly lower GAGS scores than other groups (AA genotype 6.7 ±14.1 vs. GA genotype 24.6 ±15.7 and GG genotype 19.4 ±17.9, p < 0.001). None of the polymorphisms had a significant effect on metabolic parameters, insulin sensitivity and serum ghrelin levels. CONCLUSIONS Decreased ghrelin levels and GA and GG genotypes of GHRL gene rs27647 polymorphism may have a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Demir Pektas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Nese Cinar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Kara
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | | | - Sevim Karakas-Celik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Aktaş Karabay E, Saltık ZA, Unay Demirel Ö. Evaluation of serum
FoxO1
,
mTORC1
,
IGF
‐1,
IGFBP
‐3 levels, and metabolic syndrome components in patients with acne vulgaris: A prospective case‐control study. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13887. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Aktaş Karabay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Özlem Unay Demirel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry Bahçeşehir University Istanbul Turkey
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16
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Abdel Rahman S, El Esaway F. Impact of low ghrelin level in patients with postadolescent acne. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1907-1911. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Abdel Rahman
- Departments of Dermatology, Venerology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt
| | - Fatma El Esaway
- Departments of Dermatology, Venerology & Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt
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Moazen M, Mazloom Z, Jowkar F, Nasimi N, Moein Z. Vitamin D, Adiponectin, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile, and Nutrient Intakes in the Females with Acne Vulgaris: A Case-Control Study. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1515. [PMID: 34466520 PMCID: PMC8343516 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris is a dermatological disorder that is related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have also suggested diet as a potential reason for acne. Considering the inconsistency of the few previous reports, the present study aimed to determine the levels of vitamin D, adiponectin, oxidative stress, lipid profile and nutrient intakes in females with acne. Materials and Methods Forty females with acne vulgaris and 40 age-matched healthy females were included in this study in Shiraz, Iran. Data on their sociodemographic status, acne history, and anthropometric indices were collected. Blood samples were taken to determine the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, adiponectin, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and lipid profile. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were also obtained from each of the individuals to evaluate nutrient intakes. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Independent-samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, and Logistic Regression. Results Patients with acne had a significantly higher family history of acne compared to controls (P=0.006). Serum level of malondialdehyde was significantly higher in cases (P=0.01), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (P=0.02). Moreover, significantly lower fiber intake was observed in cases compared with controls (P=0.007). In the multivariate analysis, a family history of acne and increased malondialdehyde levels were risk factors for acne, whereas a higher fiber intake was protective. Conclusion Family history of acne, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and lower dietary fiber intakes may play a role in acne pathogenesis. An early assessment of these parameters may be useful for planning treatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Moazen
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mazloom
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Correspondence to: Zohreh Mazloom, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Razi Boulevard, Shiraz, Iran Telephone Number: +987137251001 Email Address:
| | - Farideh Jowkar
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Nasimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moein
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dall'Oglio F, Milani M, Micali G. Effects of oral supplementation with FOS and GOS prebiotics in women with adult acne: the "S.O. Sweet" study: a proof-of-concept pilot trial. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:445-449. [PMID: 30349341 PMCID: PMC6181472 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s179627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background We evaluated the effects of 3-month prebiotic oral supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on glucose and lipid metabolic parameters in women with adult acne (female adult acne). Methods Twelve women, mean age 35 years, with mild to moderate acne were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were severe acne, body mass index (BMI) >25, history of diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary syndrome, regular intake of prebiotics or probiotics, and history of inflammatory intestinal diseases. At baseline visit (T0), at month 1 (T1), and at month 3 (T2) fasting glucose, blood insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-peptide, triglycerides, total cholesterol levels, and BMI were measured. Subjects were treated with a food supplement containing FOS (100 mg) and GOS (500 mg), one sachet daily, for 3 months. Subjects were instructed to follow their regular diet, and no dietary restrictions were suggested. Results At baseline, the BMI, mean ± SD, was 23±0.7. No modification of BMI was observed during the study. At baseline, fasting blood glucose levels were 92±7 mg/dL. A significant (P=0.02) reduction was observed at month 1 (86±5 mg/dL) and at month 3 (85±7 mg/dL) (–10%). Total cholesterol levels were reduced significantly (P=0.018) from 184±19 to 161±10 mg/dL (–13%) at the end of the study. Triglycerides at baseline were 51 mg/dL and were reduced to 46 mg/dL (P=0.05). Insulin and C-peptide plasma levels showed a nonsignificant reduction trend from baseline to the end of the study. In subjects with baseline insulin level >6 µUI/mL (n=6) the FOS/GOS supplementation induced a significant (P=0.03) reduction from 7.8 to 4.3 µUI/mL at day 90 (–45%). C-peptide was reduced from 2.1 to 1.6 ng/mL (month 3). HbA1c at baseline was 35 mg/dL and 32 mg/dL at the end of the study (NS). Conclusion In adult female acne, supplementation with prebiotic FOS and GOS was associated with positive effects on glycemic and lipid metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Milani
- Medical Department, Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper, Caronno Pertusella (VA), Italy,
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19
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Mustafa AI, El-Shimi OS. Serum irisin: A prognostic marker for severe acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:931-934. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amany I. Mustafa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine; Benha University; Benha Egypt
| | - Ola S. El-Shimi
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine; Benha University; Benha Egypt
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20
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Demodex spp. as a possible aetiopathogenic factor of acne and relation with acne severity and type. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35:174-181. [PMID: 29760618 PMCID: PMC5949547 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.75239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acne is a very common skin disease in adolescents and young adults, but it also affects adults. However, its aetiology is not yet fully understood. Demodex appears to be associated with multiple skin disorders, but controversy persists. Some reports indicate a connection between acne vulgaris and demodicosis. Aim To confirm the association between Demodex infestation and acne vulgaris. Material and methods A total of 108 patients were enrolled in the acne group. Acne severity was calculated as GASS and acne type (adolescent and post adolescent) was recorded. An age-sex matched healthy control group comprising 65 individuals were included in the study. Dermatological examinations were performed and an SSSB was used to determine the presence of Demodex. Results In our study, Demodex positivity was seen in 46 (42.6%) patients in the acne group and 8 (12.3%) in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A multivariate Backward Step-By-Step Logistic Regression analysis identified the most effective factors for acne development such as Demodex positivity (OR = 5.565, 95% CI: 2.384–12.99 and p < 0.001) and age under 25 years (OR = 2.3 and 95% CI: 1.183–4.473 and p = 0.014). Alcohol consumption was related to Demodex positivity (p = 0.019) in post adolescent acne. Conclusions Our study is the first one to evaluate acne severity, acne type and the relationship to Demodex prevalence. We suggest that Demodex infestation should be considered when the classical therapies are ineffective especially in cases of post adolescent acne.
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22
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Fabbrocini G, Bertona M, Picazo Ó, Pareja-Galeano H, Monfrecola G, Emanuele E. Supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implicated in insulin signalling and improves adult acne. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:625-630. [PMID: 27596801 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic supplementation with probiotics is increasingly being explored as a potential treatment strategy for skin disorders. Because both the gut-skin axis and dysregulation of insulin signalling have been implicated in the pathogenesis of adult acne, we designed the current study to evaluate the effect of supplementation with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 (LSP1) on skin expression of genes involved in insulin signalling and acne improvement in adult subjects. A pilot, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 20 adult subjects (14 females and 6 males; mean age: 33.7±3.3 years) with acne. Over a 12-week period, the probiotic group (n=10) consumed a liquid supplement containing LSP1 at a dose of 3×109 cfu/day (75 mg/day), whereas the placebo group (n=10) received a liquid lacking probiotics. Paired skin biopsies - one obtained before treatment initiation and one obtained at the end of the 12-week treatment period - were analysed for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) gene expression. The clinical criterion for efficacy was the investigator's global improvement rating on a five-point scale. Compared with baseline, the probiotic group showed a 32% (P<0.001) reduction, as well as a 65% increase (P<0.001) in IGF1 and FOXO1 gene expression in the skin, respectively. No such differences were observed in the placebo group. Patients in the probiotic group had an adjusted odds ratio of 28.4 (95% confidence interval = 2.2-411.1, P<0.05) to be rated by physicians as improved/markedly improved (versus worsened or unchanged) compared with the placebo group. We conclude that supplementation with the probiotic strain LSP1 normalises skin expression of genes involved in insulin signalling and improves the appearance of adult acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fabbrocini
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - M Bertona
- 2 2E Science, Via Monte Grappa, 13, 27038 Robbio (PV), Italy
| | - Ó Picazo
- 3 Nutriscience Education and Consulting, Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1600-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - H Pareja-Galeano
- 4 Universidad Europea and Research Institute i+12, Tajo s/n, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Monfrecola
- 1 Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - E Emanuele
- 2 2E Science, Via Monte Grappa, 13, 27038 Robbio (PV), Italy
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Ozuguz P, Kacar SD, Asik G, Ozuguz U, Karatas S. Evaluation of leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels in patients with acne vulgaris. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:3-7. [PMID: 26860691 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116630355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The research evaluating adipokines are very few in patients with acne vulgaris. The hypothesis that hyperinsulinemic and high glycemic index diet plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne is still controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate adipokines such as leptin (L), adiponectin (A), ghrelin and A levels, and A/L rates that indicate insulin resistance in nonobese patients with severe acne vulgaris. MATERIAL AND METHOD Thirty patients who are nonobese with moderate acne vulgaris, aged 18 to 25 years, and 15 age-sex compatible controls were included in our study. The acne lesions were assessed using the Global Acne Grading Scale (GAGS). All participants were evaluated for the parameters that may affect the metabolism of serum L, A, and ghrelin levels in blood, and their body mass index were calculated. The significance level was determined as p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Of the 30 patients, 17 were women and 13 were men. The mean age was 20.60 years and the mean duration of the disease were 2.8 years. All of patients had moderate acne vulgaris (GAGS 19-30). Of the 15 controls, 11 were women and 4 were men. The mean age was 21.20 years. There were not a statistically significant difference in L, ghrelin, A levels, and A/L ratio between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Adipokines may have a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. L, A, ghrelin, and insulin resistance may not participate in the responsible mechanisms in nonobese patients with moderate acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ozuguz
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - S D Kacar
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - G Asik
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - U Ozuguz
- 3 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - S Karatas
- 1 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
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