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Zhuang Y, Zhang R, Li M, Zou Y, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Liu S, Yu B. A Novel Ectodysplasin a Gene mutation of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1505-1517. [PMID: 38952411 PMCID: PMC11215660 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s451125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that influences structures of ectodermal origin, such as teeth, hair, and sweat glands. Compared with autosomal recessive and dominant modes of inheritance, the X-linked HED (XLHED) characterized by Hypodontia/Oligodontia teeth, Absent/sparse hair, Anhidrosis/hypohidrosis, and characteristic facial features, is the most frequent and its primary cause is the mutation of ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene. This research aimed to expound the clinical and molecular features of a Chinese male with XLHED and to summarize and compare several previous findings. Methods Genomic DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood of the proband and his family members, then Sanger sequencing was used to perform a mutational analysis of EDA. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect EDA expression. The transcriptional activity of NF-κB was detected using a luciferase assay. Results The probandwith XLHED was identified a novel EDA mutation, c.1119G>C(p.M373I), that affected the molecular analysis of transmembrane protein exon8 mutations, inherited from the mother. He showed a severe multiple-tooth loss, with over 20 permanent teeth missing and sparse hair and eyebrows, dry, thin, and itching skin. Furthermore, his sweating function was abnormal to a certain extent. Discussion The functional study showed that this novel mutant led to a significant decrease in the EDA expression level and transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Our findings extend the range of EDA mutations in XLHED patients, which provides the basis and idea for further exploring the pathogenesis of XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- dermatological department, Women and Children’s hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Zou
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shui Jiang
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Dermatological Department, The Affiliated Hospital of QingdaoUniversity, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Kablan A, Tasdelen E. Novel homozygous frameshift insertion variant in the last exon of the EDARADD causing hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two siblings: case report and review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:112. [PMID: 38840186 PMCID: PMC11155060 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder that results in the abnormal development of structures derived from ectodermal tissue. This rare condition predominantly affects the hair, nails, eccrine glands, and teeth. While HED can be caused by various genes, the EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, and WNT10A genes account for approximately 90% of cases. Notably, HED forms associated with variants in the EDA, EDAR, or EDARADD genes may exhibit similar phenotypes due to defects in a common signaling pathway. Proper interaction among the products of these genes is crucial for the activation of the nuclear factor (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which subsequently regulates the transcription of targeted genes. The EDARADD gene, in particular, harbors one of the rarest reported variants associated with HED. CASE PRESENTATION Five-and two-years-old brothers born into consanguineous parents were examined at our outpatient medical genetics clinic at Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Both displayed the same classical phenotypic features of HED. The elder had a very sparse dark and brittle hair, sparse eyebrows and eyelashes, conical upper and lower premolar teeth with hypodontia, widely spaced teeth, very dry skin, mildly prominent forehead, and periorbital wrinkles. The younger one showed the same, but less severe, clinical features. After thorough examination and patient history evaluation, targeted next-generation sequencing analysis yielded the novel homozygous insertion variant c.322_323insCGGGC p.(Arg108ProfsTer7) in EDARADD. The mutation has not been reported to date in the literature. CONCLUSIONS In this report, we present two siblings exhibiting classical HED symptoms and a novel insertion variant of the EDARADD gene, which leads to a frameshift introducing a stop codon. Both brothers inherited such mutation from their parents, who were heterozygous carriers of the same variant. The present study may shed light about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying HED, and expand the spectrum of EDARADD gene variants associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kablan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanliurfa Research and Training Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elifcan Tasdelen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanliurfa Research and Training Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Sun J, Zhang N, Yu P, Mei Z, Jiang C, Wu Q, Yang Y, Yu H. A polyetheretherketone framework removable partial denture for a 6-year-old child with nonsyndromic oligodontia made using glass-ceramic hemispheres to enhance retention: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00355-X. [PMID: 38782607 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A 6-year-old child with nonsyndromic oligodontia in the mixed dentition received a removable dental prosthesis with a polyetheretherketone framework and artificial gingiva, restoring esthetics and function. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing hemispherical glass-ceramic attachments were added to the teeth under the guidance of acid-etching and bonding guides to obtain an undercut area. The bonding and cementation of the attachments and the prosthesis delivery were completed in a single visit. This method offers a suitable prosthodontic treatment option for treating children with oligodontia in the mixed dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikui Sun
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Doctoral Candidate, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Yu
- Doctoral Candidate, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ziyu Mei
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qin Wu
- Doctoral Candidate, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China.
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Reddy H, Chiwhane A, Kothari M, Kashikar Y, Madke B. Improving the Quality of Life in Patients With Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Holistic Approach. Cureus 2024; 16:e59847. [PMID: 38854244 PMCID: PMC11157475 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), often referred to as Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome, is an uncommon inherited genetic disorder characterized by irregularities in structures derived from the ectoderm, such as skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. Common manifestations include thin hair, absent teeth (hypodontia) often pointed in shape, and diminished ability to sweat (hypohidrosis). Changes in the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene are associated with the development of HED. Addressing this condition requires an integrated, interdisciplinary strategy to ensure the best possible support for individuals impacted. This case highlights the significance of early detection, collaborative care, and targeted interventions in managing HED. Continued research is crucial for creating novel therapies and enhancing life quality for those living with this rare condition. Here, we discuss a 22-year-old male patient displaying features such as hypodontia, sparse hair (hypotrichosis), irregular beard growth, a nasal deformity, and an inability to sweat (anhidrosis), which is associated with increased body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshitha Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anjalee Chiwhane
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Manjeet Kothari
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Yash Kashikar
- Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Bhushan Madke
- Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Yu K, Sheng Y, Wang F, Yang S, Wan F, Lei M, Wu Y. Eight EDA mutations in Chinese patients with tooth agenesis and genotype-phenotype analysis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38287639 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tooth agenesis is a common craniofacial malformation, which is often associated with gene mutations. The purpose of this research was to investigate and uncover ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene variants in eight Chinese families affected with tooth agenesis. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from tooth agenesis families and sequenced using whole-exome sequencing. The expression of ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) protein was studied by western blot, binding activity with receptor was tested by pull-down and the NF-κB transcriptional activity was analyzed by Dual luciferase assay. RESULTS Eight EDA missense variants were discovered, of which two (c.T812C, c.A1073G) were novel. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that these variants might be pathogenic. The tertiary structure analysis revealed that these eight variants could cause structural damage to EDA proteins. In vitro functional studies demonstrated that the variants greatly affect protein stability or impair the EDA-EDAR interaction; thereby significantly affecting the downstream NF-κb transcriptional activity. In addition, we summarized the genotype-phenotype correlation caused by EDA variants and found that EDA mutations leading to NSTA are mostly missense mutations located in the TNF domain. CONCLUSION Our results broaden the variant spectrum of the EDA gene associated with tooth agenesis and provide valuable information for future genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Sheng
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwen Yang
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Futang Wan
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang C, Wu Y, Ma S, Li X, Wu X, Gao Q. Compound heterozygous WNT10A missense variations exacerbated the tooth agenesis caused by hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:136. [PMID: 38280992 PMCID: PMC10822191 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyse the differences in the phenotypes of missing teeth between a pair of brothers with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) and to investigate the underlying mechanism by comparing the mutated gene loci between the brothers with whole-exome sequencing. METHODS The clinical data of the patients and their mother were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. By Whole-exome sequencing filtered for a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤0.05 non-synonymous single-nucleotide variations and insertions/deletions variations in genes previously associated with tooth agenesis, and variations considered as potentially pathogenic were assessed by SIFT, Polyphen-2, CADD and ACMG. Sanger sequencing was performed to detect gene variations. The secondary and tertiary structures of the mutated proteins were predicted by PsiPred 4.0 and AlphaFold 2. RESULTS Both brothers were clinically diagnosed with HED, but the younger brother had more teeth than the elder brother. An EDA variation (c.878 T > G) was identified in both brothers. Additionally, compound heterozygous variations of WNT10A (c.511C > T and c.637G > A) were identified in the elder brother. Digenic variations in EDA (c.878 T > G) and WNT10A (c.511C > T and c.637G > A) in the same patient have not been reported previously. The secondary structure of the variant WNT10A protein showed changes in the number and position of α-helices and β-folds compared to the wild-type protein. The tertiary structure of the WNT10A variant and molecular simulation docking showed that the site and direction where WNT10A binds to FZD5 was changed. CONCLUSIONS Compound heterozygous WNT10A missense variations may exacerbate the number of missing teeth in HED caused by EDA variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Liu
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Caiqi Zhang
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Wu
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wu
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingping Gao
- The Stomatology Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Academician Workstation for Oral & Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Bao DY, Yang Y, Tong X, Qin HY. Activation of wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway down regulated osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells in an anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patient with EDA/EDAR/EDARADD mutation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23057. [PMID: 38169761 PMCID: PMC10758735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the mechanism by which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) with an Ectodysplasin A (EDA)/EDA receptor (EDAR)/EDARADD mutation. Methods An AED patient served as the AED group, whereas the other patients without AED were included in the normal group. Peripheral venous blood collected from the AED patient was subjected to whole-genome resequencing. BMSCs from the mandible of patients with AED and normal individuals were isolated and cultured in vitro. Cell proliferation assay was performed to compare the growth speed of BMSCs between the AED and normal groups. CHIR-99021, an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and XAV-939, an inhibitor, was used to manage BMSCs in an osteogenic environment in both groups. The expression of β-catenin was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while that of RUNX2 was detected by western blotting. Alizarin red was used for staining. Results A novel mutation (c.152T > A in EDA) and two known mutations (c.1109T > C in EDAR and c.27G > A in EDARADD) were identified. The growth rate in the normal group was higher than that in the AED group. In the normal group, the number and size of calcified nodes and the expression of RUNX-2 increased with CHIR-99021 treatment, which could be inhibited by XAV-939. In contrast, CHIR-99021 inhibited osteogenesis in the AED group and this effect was promoted by XAV-939. Conclusion Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway downregulates osteogenesis of BMSCs in AED patients with EDA/EDAR/EDARADD gene mutations. Further investigation in more AED patients is required, given the wide range of mutations involved in AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-yu Bao
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No.30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Dental Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No.30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hai-yan Qin
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Castilho NL, Resende KKM, dos Santos JA, Machado RA, Coletta RD, Guerra ENS, Acevedo AC, Martelli-Junior H. Oligodontia in the Clinical Spectrum of Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:279. [PMID: 38132417 PMCID: PMC10742796 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to describe the clinical and genetic features of syndromes showing oligodontia as a sign. The review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 checklist guidelines, and the search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of science, Livivo, and EMBASE and supplemented by a gray literature search on Google Scholar and ProQuest, applying key terms relevant to the research questions. The systematic review identified 47 types of syndromes in 83 studies, and the most common was hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, which was reported in 24 patients in 22 studies. Other common syndromes that reported oligodontia included Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Witkop's syndrome, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, blepharocheilodontic syndrome, and oculofaciocardiodental syndrome. The X-linked mode of inheritance was the most reported (n = 13 studies), followed by the autosomal dominant (n = 13 studies). The review describes the main syndromes that may have oligodontia as a clinical sign and reinforces the need for orodental-facial examining for adequate diagnosis and treatment of the affected patients. Molecular analysis in order to better understand the occurrence of oligodontia is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Lopes Castilho
- Health Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil;
| | - Kêmelly Karolliny Moreira Resende
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil; (K.K.M.R.); (E.N.S.G.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Juliana Amorim dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil;
| | - Renato Assis Machado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba 13414-018, Brazil; (R.A.M.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil; (K.K.M.R.); (E.N.S.G.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70040-010, Brazil; (K.K.M.R.); (E.N.S.G.); (A.C.A.)
| | - Hercílio Martelli-Junior
- Health Science Postgraduate Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil;
- Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, State University of Montes Claros, Unimontes, Montes Claros 39400-000, Brazil
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Zhou Y, Yin B, Shi B, Zheng LW, Jia ZL. Identified a novel splicing mutation at EDA gene in a hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia pedigree. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3164-3167. [PMID: 36029158 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Nejabi MB, Anwari A, Shadab H, Mtawakel N, Omarzad F, Ahmadi ME. Prosthodontic Management of a Patient with Ectodermal Dysplasia: Case Report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2023; 15:133-141. [PMID: 37576744 PMCID: PMC10416782 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s419939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is an inherited disorder that affects the ectoderm of a developing embryo and impacts structures that originate from it. It typically presents as a triad of missing teeth (anodontia/hypodontia), sparse hair (atrichosis/hypotrichosis), and lack of sweat glands (hypohidrosis), often accompanied by nail dystrophy and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. There are two main types of this condition: X-linked anhidrotic or hypohidrotic and hidrotic (autosomal type). The oral manifestation of ED may include anodontia or hypodontia, with or without cleft lip and palate. Tooth loss leads to a decrease in the height of the alveolar ridges, resulting in a reduction of the vertical dimension of the lower face, disappearance of the vermilion border, and prominent lips. As a result, the affected person's face may resemble that of an elderly individual. The current case report aims to illustrate the prosthodontic rehabilitation of 16-year-old male patient with ectodermal dysplasia and complete anodontia, visiting Dentistry Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. Fortunately, this patient was acceptably managed with the collaboration of several disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bashir Nejabi
- Prosthodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Abdurrahman Anwari
- Operative/ Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Hassina Shadab
- Periodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Nargis Mtawakel
- Prosthodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Fariha Omarzad
- Prosthodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Mohammad Eissa Ahmadi
- Periodontics Department, Kabul University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kabul, Afghanistan
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11
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Yao Y, Yang R, Zhu J, Schlessinger D, Sima J. EDA ligand triggers plasma membrane trafficking of its receptor EDAR via PKA activation and SNAP23-containing complexes. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:128. [PMID: 37430358 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ectodysplasin-A (EDA), a skin-specific TNF ligand, interacts with its membrane receptor EDAR to trigger EDA signaling in skin appendage formation. Gene mutations in EDA signaling cause Anhidrotic/Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (A/HED), which affects the formation of skin appendages including hair, teeth, and several exocrine glands. RESULTS We report that EDA triggers the translocation of its receptor EDAR from a cytosolic compartment into the plasma membrane. We use protein affinity purification to show that upon EDA stimulation EDAR associates with SNAP23-STX6-VAMP1/2/3 vesicle trafficking complexes. We find that EDA-dependent PKA activation is critical for the association. Notably, either of two HED-linked EDAR mutations, T346M and R420W, prevents EDA-induced EDAR translocation; and both EDA-induced PKA activation and SNAP23 are required for Meibomian gland (MG) growth in a skin appendage model. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in a novel regulatory mechanism, EDA increases plasma membrane translocation of its own receptor EDAR, augmenting EDA-EDAR signaling in skin appendage formation. Our findings also provide PKA and SNAP23 as potential targets for the intervention of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Yao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ruihan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, 61920, USA
| | - David Schlessinger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, NIA/NIH-IRP, 251 Bayview Blvd, Room 10B014, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jian Sima
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Tzika AC, Ullate-Agote A, Zakany S, Kummrow M, Milinkovitch MC. Somitic positional information guides self-organized patterning of snake scales. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8834. [PMID: 37315141 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two influential concepts in tissue patterning are Wolpert's positional information and Turing's self-organized reaction-diffusion (RD). The latter establishes the patterning of hair and feathers. Here, our morphological, genetic, and functional-by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene disruption-characterization of wild-type versus "scaleless" snakes reveals that the near-perfect hexagonal pattern of snake scales is established through interactions between RD in the skin and somitic positional information. First, we show that ventral scale development is guided by hypaxial somites and, second, that ventral scales and epaxial somites guide the sequential RD patterning of the dorsolateral scales. The RD intrinsic length scale evolved to match somite periodicity, ensuring the alignment of ribs and scales, both of which play a critical role in snake locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia C Tzika
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Asier Ullate-Agote
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Szabolcs Zakany
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maya Kummrow
- Tierspital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michel C Milinkovitch
- Laboratory of Artificial & Natural Evolution (LANE), Department of Genetics & Evolution, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Aftab H, Escudero IA, Sahhar F. X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (XLHED): A Case Report and Overview of the Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Modality Treatments. Cureus 2023; 15:e40383. [PMID: 37456454 PMCID: PMC10344640 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in either the ectodysplasin (EDA), ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR), EDAR associated via death domain (EDARADD), or Wnt family member 10A (WNT10A) genes that result in impaired development of ectodermal-derived structures. The literature defines two types of ectodermal dysplasia, which are hypohidrotic and hidrotic. X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), also known as Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome, is the most common form and is a variant of ectodermal dysplasia characterized by a classical triad of hypo/adontia, hypohidrosis, and hypotrichosis; whereas, hidrotic type of ectodermal dysplasia, also known as Clouston syndrome, is characterized by a triad of onychodysplasia, hypotrichosis, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis while sparing the sweat glands. Symptoms of XLHED can begin early in life between the ages of one month to 23 months. XLHED is more commonly seen in males due to the x-linked characteristics of the gene mutations. This disease can be diagnosed by physical exam alone, or in combination with molecular genetic testing. XLHED specifically has an estimated occurrence of one in every 20,000 newborns worldwide. Approximately 5,000 people in the United States have the disease. In this case report, we present an adult patient diagnosed with XLHED. Our objective is to emphasize the significance of early diagnosis, advocate for a multidisciplinary management approach, and shed light on the potential of recombinant protein and targeted gene therapy for further research. By raising awareness of this condition, we aim to improve patient outcomes not only in newborns but also in adults who have already been diagnosed with XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Aftab
- Department of Family Medicine, Detroit Medical Center-DMC/Michigan State University College of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Ivan A Escudero
- Department of Family Medicine, Detroit Medical Center-DMC/Michigan State University College of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Fatin Sahhar
- Department of Family Medicine, Detroit Medical Center-DMC/Michigan State University College of Medicine, Detroit, USA
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14
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Gilitwala ZS, Satpute SR. Unexplained Fever in Infancy: Report of a Rare Case of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in an Infant. Cureus 2023; 15:e39489. [PMID: 37362526 PMCID: PMC10290524 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic condition that affects structures derived from the ectoderm during embryonic development. These structures include the outermost layer of the primary germ layers, which give rise to various body parts such as the ears, eyes, lips, and mucous membranes of the nose and mouth. Due to the impact on these structures, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia can manifest differently in various age groups. However, the three primary characteristics typically associated with this condition are hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, and hypodontia or anodontia. Here, we present a case of a male infant, aged 2 months, who was brought to our attention due to symptoms of unexplained fever and irritability. The child's family history was noteworthy, as an older sibling had distinctive features of ectodermal dysplasia. This information led us to consider the possibility of this diagnosis. This case report aims to highlight the distinctive features of such cases that facilitate the identification of this condition and its related complications. By sharing this case, we intend to raise awareness and encourage timely detection, diagnosis, and proper treatment of patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab S Gilitwala
- Pediatrics, Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Government Medical College, Kolhapur, IND
| | - Shalmali R Satpute
- Pediatrics, Rajarshee Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Government Medical College, Kolhapur, IND
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15
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Perez E, Salinas L, Mendoza R, Guerrero ME, Oliva J, Mayta-Tovalino F. Osseointegration of Dental Implants in Patients with Congenital and Degenerative Bone Disorders: A Literature Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:167-172. [PMID: 37564172 PMCID: PMC10411298 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_51_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the mechanism of dental implants osseointegration in patients with congenital and degenerative genetic bone disorders. Materials and Methods A PubMed and Scopus documents search was carried out between November 2021 in the, using words such as "osseointegration," "degenerative disease," "congenital disease," and "dental implants." Results The thirteen articles selected dealt with dental implants osseointegration in patients with congenital and degenerative bone disorders. The influence and repercussion of these diseases on the bone system, as well as the osseointegration process were described from healing to bone remodeling. In addition, certain articles described some considerations to improve the osseointegration process in patients suffering from these types of conditions. Conclusions Within the limitations of this literature review we can conclude that osseointegration in patients with ectodermal dysplasia and osteoporosis could be achieved. However, the planning process for dental implant placement in these patients should be more meticulous and individualized considering the degree of tissue involvement as well as the patient's age and skeletal development compared to systemically healthy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Perez
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Liliana Salinas
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Roman Mendoza
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Eugenia Guerrero
- Academic Department of Medical and Surgical Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Jose Oliva
- Academic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
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16
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Litman T, Stein WD. Ancient lineages of the keratin-associated protein (KRTAP) genes and their co-option in the evolution of the hair follicle. BMC Ecol Evol 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36941546 PMCID: PMC10029157 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-023-02107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BLAST searches against the human genome showed that of the 93 keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs) of Homo sapiens, 53 can be linked by sequence similarity to an H. sapiens metallothionein and 16 others can be linked similarly to occludin, while the remaining KRTAPs can themselves be linked to one or other of those 69 directly-linked proteins. The metallothionein-linked KRTAPs comprise the high-sulphur and ultrahigh-sulphur KRTAPs and are larger than the occludin-linked set, which includes the tyrosine- and glycine-containing KRTAPs. KRTAPs linked to metallothionein appeared in increasing numbers as evolution advanced from the deuterostomia, where KRTAP-like proteins with strong sequence similarity to their mammalian congeners were found in a sea anemone and a starfish. Those linked to occludins arose only with the later-evolved mollusca, where a KRTAP homologous with its mammalian congener was found in snails. The presence of antecedents of the mammalian KRTAPs in a starfish, a sea anemone, snails, fish, amphibia, reptiles and birds, all of them animals that lack hair, suggests that some KRTAPs may have a physiological role beyond that of determining the characteristics of hair fibres. We suggest that homologues of these KRTAPs found in non-hairy animals were co-opted by placodes, formed by the ectodysplasin pathway, to produce the first hair-producing cells, the trichocytes of the hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Mærsk Tower 07-12-70 Nørre Allé 14, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Wilfred D Stein
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
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17
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Yapijakis C, Douka A, Gintoni I, Agiannitopoulos K, Vlachakis D, Chrousos GP. Clinical and Molecular Genetic Analysis of Cases with Ectodermal Dysplasia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1423:181-186. [PMID: 37525042 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ectodermal dysplasias are a group of >200 clinically and congenitally heterogeneous disorders characterized by abnormal development in the ectodermal structures, such as hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. We report here the clinical and molecular genetic analysis of five Greek families with different types of ectodermal dysplasia (ED). SUBJECTS The study involved 15 individuals from 5 Greek families that included 8 ED patients, 5 carriers of recessive X-linked or autosomal ED, and 2 healthy relatives. After genetic counseling, the parents signed an informed consent form before subsequent genetic testing. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from white blood cells of all studied individuals. The search for mutations was realized in patients' DNA samples using next-generation sequencing (NGS) gene panel, whole exome sequencing (WES), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) technique. RESULTS The clinical diagnosis of common X-linked recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) was suspected in five male patients with partial anodontia of baby and permanent teeth, hypohidrosis, and thin hair from three families. All HED patients were hemizygous for deletions in the EDA1 gene (Xq13.1): three related patients had a 20 bp deletion, one had a 19 bp deletion, and one had a 180 bp deletion. A female patient had the rare autosomal dominant syndrome of ankyloblepharon-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate (AEC) caused by heterozygous missense mutation in the TP63 gene (3q28) that appeared de novo. Two siblings with hypotrichosis and hypodontia, a female and a male, had two pathogenic mutations in compound heterozygosity in the TSPEAR gene (21q22.3); therefore they presented with ectodermal dysplasia type 14 (ECTD14). CONCLUSION Clinical and molecular genetic analysis may set an accurate diagnosis of different types of ED. In the reported families, genetic diagnosis and genetic counselling assisted the parents to view their children's condition realistically and to cooperate with the specialists who will contribute to the best possible treatment for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, Athens, Greece.
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Anna Douka
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Iphigenia Gintoni
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, 1st Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Cephalogenetics Center, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, Choremion Laboratory, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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18
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Ou S, Jeyalatha MV, Mao Y, Wang J, Chen C, Zhang M, Liu X, Liang M, Lin S, Wu Y, Li Y, Li W. The Role of Ectodysplasin A on the Ocular Surface Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415700. [PMID: 36555342 PMCID: PMC9779463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA), a ligand of the TNF family, plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface. EDA is necessary for the development of the meibomian gland, the lacrimal gland, as well as the proliferation and barrier function of the corneal epithelium. The mutation of EDA can induce the destruction of the ocular surface resulting in keratopathy, abnormality of the meibomian gland and maturation of the lacrimal gland. Experimental animal studies showed that a prenatal ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection or postnatal intravenous administration of soluble recombinant EDA protein can efficiently prevent the development of ocular surface abnormalities in EDA mutant animals. Furthermore, local application of EDA could restore the damaged ocular surface to some extent. Hence, a recombinant EDA-based therapy may serve as a novel paradigm to treat ocular surface disorders, such as meibomian gland dysfunction and corneal epithelium abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangkun Ou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Mani Vimalin Jeyalatha
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Chao Chen
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Minghui Liang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Sijie Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal & Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen 361000, China
- Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-592-2183761
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19
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Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhu J. A novel mutation in the collagen domain of
EDA
results in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia by impacting the receptor‐binding capability. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 11:e2119. [PMID: 36448232 PMCID: PMC10094068 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) mainly results from gene mutations in the EDA/EDAR/NF-κB pathway. Function analysis of the mutations in the collagen domain of ectodysplasin A (EDA)result in HED has been rarely studied. This study aimed at determining the mechanism by which the novel collagen domain mutation of EDA results in HED. METHODS We analyzed the DNAs from a Chinese family with HED and performed bioinformatics analysis. A new three-dimensional structure model of the EDA trimer was built and used to predict the effect of the mutations on EDA. We performed a western blot to detect EDA1 proteins in cell lysates and supernatants. We then performed coimmunoprecipitation to determine whether the mutation would affect the interaction of EDA1 with the EDA receptor (EDAR). Dual luciferase reporter assay and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the effect of the mutant EDA1 protein on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. RESULTS A novel missense mutation (c.593G > A, p. Gly198Glu) in the collagen domain of EDA was detected. The mutation was predicted to be disease-causing. A three-dimensional structure model of the EDA trimer was first built in this study, in which the mutation site is located around the receptor binding domain. Functional studies showed that there was no difference in the secretion activity between the mutant EDA1 and the wild-type EDA1. However, the receptor-binding activity and the transcription activation of NF-κB were impaired by the mutation. CONCLUSION We identified a novel mutation (c.593G > A, p. Gly198Glu) in the collagen domain of EDA. Bioinformatics analysis and functional studies showed this mutation was damaging, indicating that mutations in the collagen domain of EDA could result in HED by affecting the receptor-binding activity of EDA and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
| | - Junxia Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing China
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20
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Liu H, Su L, Liu H, Zheng J, Feng H, Liu Y, Yu M, Han D. Rare X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Females Associated with Ectodysplasin-A Variants and the X-Chromosome Inactivation Pattern. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102300. [PMID: 36291989 PMCID: PMC9600026 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify the pathogenic gene variants in female patients with severe X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to screen for the pathogenic gene variants. The harmfulness of these variations was predicted by bioinformatics. Then, skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) was measured by PCR analysis of the CAG repeat region in the human androgen receptor (AR) gene in peripheral blood cells. Two novel Ectodysplasin-A (EDA) heterozygous variants (c.588_606del19bp and c.837G>A) and one heterozygous variant (c.1045G>A, rs132630317) were identified in the three female XLHED patients. The bioinformatics analysis showed that these variants might be pathogenic. The tertiary structure analysis showed that these variants could cause structural damage to EDA proteins. Analysis of the skewed X-chromosome inactivation revealed that extreme skewed X-chromosome inactivation was found in patient #35 (98:2), whereas it was comparatively moderate in patients #347 and #204 (21:79 and 30:70). Our results broaden the variation spectrum of EDA and the phenotype spectrum of XLHED, which could help with clinical diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Miao Yu
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (D.H.); Fax: +86-10-8210-5259 (M.Y.); +86-10-6217-3402 (D.H.)
| | - Dong Han
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (D.H.); Fax: +86-10-8210-5259 (M.Y.); +86-10-6217-3402 (D.H.)
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21
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Capuzzello G, Jacinto JGP, Häfliger IM, Chapman GE, Martin SS, Viora L, Jonsson NN, Drögemüller C. A large deletion encompassing exon 2 of the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene in a British blue crossbred calf with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:23. [PMID: 36068608 PMCID: PMC9446731 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a congenital syndrome of mammals affecting organs and tissues of ectodermal origin characterized by absence or hypoplasia of hair, teeth, and eccrine glands. The disorder has been reported in several species, including humans, mice, dogs and cattle, associated with variants in genes affecting the ectodysplasin pathway, including the X-linked ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene. Until now, nine pathogenic variants have been found in the bovine EDA gene. Here we report a novel variant in EDA in a crossbreed male Belgian Blue calf with HED, and provide an overview of the phenotypic and allelic heterogeneity of EDA-related forms of HED in cattle. Case presentation A 45-day-old male crossbreed British Blue calf was referred with congenital hypotrichosis, oligodontia and omphalitis. On histopathological examination of the nasal planum, nasolabial glands and ducts were not observed. The density of hair follicles was low, and they were small, with a predominance of telogen-phase hairs, and some serocellular crusts. The phenotype of the calf resembled that of HED. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed and revealed a 21,899 base-pair deletion encompassing the coding exon 2 of EDA, predicted to result in an altered transcript and aberrant protein. Conclusions The clinicopathological and genetic findings were consistent with a case of X-linked HED. A very similar EDA deletion has been previously reported in a family of Holstein cattle with HED. The newly identified hemizygous EDA loss-of-function variant is certainly pathogenic and therefore is the genetic cause for the observed phenotype. This case report provides an additional example of the potential of WGS-based precise diagnostics in livestock species such as cattle to increase the diagnostic yield in rare diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13028-022-00641-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capuzzello
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Joana Gonçalves Pontes Jacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50Ozzano dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Monika Häfliger
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gail E Chapman
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sara Soto Martin
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 464 Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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22
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Ectodysplasin A (EDA) Signaling: From Skin Appendage to Multiple Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168911. [PMID: 36012178 PMCID: PMC9408960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A (EDA) signaling is initially identified as morphogenic signaling regulating the formation of skin appendages including teeth, hair follicles, exocrine glands in mammals, feathers in birds and scales in fish. Gene mutation in EDA signaling causes hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a congenital hereditary disease with malformation of skin appendages. Interestingly, emerging evidence suggests that EDA and its receptors can modulate the proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and migration of cancer cells, and thus may regulate tumorigenesis and cancer progression. More recently, as a newly discovered hepatocyte factor, EDA pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type II diabetes by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we summarize the function of EDA signaling from skin appendage development to multiple other diseases, and discuss the clinical application of recombinant EDA protein as well as other potential targets for disease intervention.
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23
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Zhou B, Hui L, Zheng L, Chen X, Wang S, Yang L, Hao S, Zhang Q. Three Variants Affecting Exon 1 of Ectodysplasin A Cause X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics. Front Genet 2022; 13:916340. [PMID: 35873474 PMCID: PMC9298733 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.916340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ectodysplasin A (EDA) variations are major pathogenic factors for hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia (ED), characterized by hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, hypodontia, and other oral features. Methods: Molecular genetic defects in three HED families were detected by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The effect of splicing variant was further verified by EDA minigene in vitro analysis. De novo deletion was confirmed by chromosomal microarray analysis. Results: Three variants (c.396 + 1 G > C, c.171-173 del GTT, and exon 1 deletion) were identified, all affecting exon 1 of the EDA gene. Variants c.396 + 1 G > C and c.171-173 del GTT were first identified. Minigene analysis of the splicing variant (c.396 + 1 G > C) displayed a prolonged EDA-A1 transcript containing extra 699 bp at the start of intron 1, representing a functional cryptic splice site formation in vitro. Combining the results of chromosomal microarray analysis and whole-exome sequencing, the deletion variant was over 87 kb. Three variants were predicted to affect protein function to differing degrees, and were responsible for X-linked HED with varying phenotype. Conclusion: Investigating the clinical and molecular characteristics of these variations broadens our understanding of EDA gene variants, supporting clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnosis of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Hui
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shifan Wang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengju Hao
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Provincial Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, Lanzhou, China
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24
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Prenatal ultrasound findings of ectodermal dysplasia: a case report. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:100. [PMID: 35120471 PMCID: PMC8815157 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ectodermal Dysplasia is a diverse group of inherited disorders characterized by a congenital defect in two or more ectodermal structures. Due to a fairly low incidence, to the best of our knowledge there are few clues that can assist in making an effective prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. Currently, the prenatal diagnosis of ectodermal dysplasia depends on a fetal genetic test combined with the family history. In this case report, we present a fetal case of ectodermal dysplasia with a remarkable prenatal ultrasound image, genetic testing, family history, and relevant exams of the stillbirth. Case presentation A multipara with a 22-week singleton male pregnancy undergoing a fetal ultrasound examination. The image showed a hypoplastic maxilla and mandible. Subsequently, the ectodermal dysplasia was defined using a family history and genetic testing. The skin pathology from the aborted fetus demonstrated a hypohidrotic type. The computed tomography (CT) reconstruction after induced labor confirmed the prenatal ultrasound findings of the maxilla and mandible. Conclusions This case suggested that prenatal ultrasound may provide a valuable clue of ectodermal dysplasia. The diagnosis can be established using further prenatal genetic testing and a family history.
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25
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Apgar TL, Sanders CR. Compendium of causative genes and their encoded proteins for common monogenic disorders. Protein Sci 2022; 31:75-91. [PMID: 34515378 PMCID: PMC8740837 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A compendium is presented of inherited monogenic disorders that have a prevalence of >1:20,000 in the human population, along with their causative genes and encoded proteins. "Simple" monogenic diseases are those for which the clinical features are caused by mutations impacting a single gene, usually in a manner that alters the sequence of the encoded protein. Of course, for a given "monogenic disorder", there is sometimes more than one potential disease gene, mutations in any one of which is sufficient to cause phenotypes of that disorder. Disease-causing mutations for monogenic disorders are usually passed on from generation to generation in a Mendelian fashion, and originate from spontaneous (de novo) germline founder mutations. In the past monogenic disorders have often been written off as targets for drug discovery because they sometimes are assumed to be rare disorders, for which the meager projected financial payoff of drug discovery and development has discouraged investment. However, not all monogenic diseases are rare. Here, we report that that currently available data identifies 72 disorders with a prevalence of at least 1 in 20,000 humans. For each, we tabulate the gene(s) for which mutations cause the spectrum of phenotypes associated with that disorder. We also identify the gene and protein that most commonly causes each disease. 34 of these disorders are caused exclusively by mutations in only a single gene and encoded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tucker L. Apgar
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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26
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Ranjan P, Das P. Understanding the impact of missense mutations on the structure and function of the EDA gene in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A bioinformatics approach. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:431-449. [PMID: 34817077 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic dysplasia (XLHED), caused by mutations in the EDA gene, is a rare genetic disease that affects the development and function of the teeth, hair, nails, and sweat glands. The structural and functional consequences of caused by an ectodysplasin-A (EDA) mutations on protein phenotype, stability, and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have not been well investigated. The present investigation involves five missense mutations that cause XLHED (L56P, R155C, P220L, V251M, and V322A) in different domains of EDA (TM, furin, collagen, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) from previously published papers. The deleterious nature of EDA mutant variants was identified using several computational algorithm tools. The point mutations induce major drifts in the structural flexibility of EDA mutant variants and have a negative impact on their stability, according to the 3D protein modeling tool assay. Using the molecular docking technique, EDA/EDA variants were docked to 10 EDA interacting partners, retrieved from the STRING database. We found a novel biomarker CD68 by molecular docking analysis, suggesting all five EDA variants had lower affinity for EDAR, EDA2R, and CD68, implying that they would affect embryonic signaling between the ectodermal and mesodermal cell layers. In silico research such as gene ontology, subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, and PTMs investigations indicates major functional alterations would occur in EDA variants. According to molecular simulations, EDA variants influence the structural conformation, compactness, stiffness, and function of the EDA protein. Further studies on cell line and animal models might be useful in determining their specific roles in functional annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Ranjan
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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27
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Oral Mucosa and Nails in Genodermatoses: A Diagnostic Challenge. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225404. [PMID: 34830686 PMCID: PMC8618664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genodermatoses represent a group of uncommon, hereditary, single-gene skin disorders, characterized by multisystem involvement, heterogeneous clinical manifestations and different degrees of morbidity and mortality. Some genodermatoses may have oral mucosa and nail involvement, since the oral cavity and cutaneous organ system, including nails, share a close embryologic origin. Nail disorders can manifest with nail hypoplasia or nail hypertrophy. Clinical pictures of affected oral mucosa can be extremely heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic papules to painful blisters, leukokeratosis, oral papillomas and fibromas to oral potentially malignant disorders and cancerous lesions. Oral mucosa and nails pathological features may occur synchronously or not and are usually associated with other systemic and skin manifestations. In some cases, oral mucosa and nails diseases may be distinct and constitute the principal sign of the genetic disorder, in other cases they represent only a part of the puzzle for the confirmation of the diagnosis. Continued awareness of the correlation between oral mucosa and nails findings can help physicians to diagnose genodermatosis in a timely manner, allowing more effective clinical management and prevention and/or early detection of complications. This article provides an overview of all specific genodermatoses affecting both oral mucosa and nails. Moreover, the correlation between teeth and nails is summarized in tabular form.
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28
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Hayashi R, Shimomura Y. Update of recent findings in genetic hair disorders. J Dermatol 2021; 49:55-67. [PMID: 34676598 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic hair disorders, although unusual, are not very rare, and dermatologists often have opportunities to see patients. Significant advances in molecular genetics have led to identifying many causative genes for genetic hair disorders, including the recently identified causative genes, such as LSS and C3ORF52. Many patients have been detected with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis in the Japanese population caused by founder mutations in the LIPH gene. Additionally, many patients with genetic hair disorders caused by other genes have been reported in East Asia including Japan. Understanding genetic hair disorders is essential for dermatologists, and the findings obtained from analyzing these diseases will contribute to revealing the mechanisms of hair follicle morphogenesis and development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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29
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Alksere B, Kornejeva L, Grinfelde I, Dzalbs A, Enkure D, Conka U, Andersone S, Blumberga A, Nikitina-Zake L, Kangare L, Radovica-Spalvina I, Vasiljeva I, Gailite L, Erenpreiss J, Fodina V. A novel EDA variant causing X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: Case report. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100796. [PMID: 34584847 PMCID: PMC8453221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary ectodermal dysplasias are a complex group of inherited disorders characterised by abnormalities in two or more ectodermal derivatives (skin, nails, sweat glands, etc.). There are two main types of these disorders – hidrotic and hypohidrotic/anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasias. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) or Christ-Siemens-Touraine syndrome (OMIM: 305100) occurs in 1 out of 5000–10,000 births [19] and has an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern (X-linked hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia – XLHED) [2]. The main cause of XLHED is a broad range of pathogenic variants in the EDA gene (HGNC:3157, Xq12-13) which encodes the transmembrane protein ectodysplasin-A [4]. We report here the case of a patient with a novel inherited allelic variant in the EDA gene – NM_001399.5:c.337C>T (p.Gln113*) – in the heterozygous state. Targeted family member screening was conducted and other carriers of this EDA gene pathogenic variant were identified and phenotypically characterised. The patient subsequently underwent in vitro fertilisation with preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba Alksere
- iVF Riga Clinic, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Latvia
| | | | - Ieva Grinfelde
- iVF Riga Clinic, Latvia.,Children's Clinical University Hospital, Latvia
| | - Aigars Dzalbs
- iVF Riga Clinic, Latvia.,Children's Clinical University Hospital, Latvia
| | - Dace Enkure
- iVF Riga Clinic, Latvia.,Children's Clinical University Hospital, Latvia
| | - Una Conka
- iVF Riga Clinic, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Latvia
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30
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Stuckert AMM, Chouteau M, McClure M, LaPolice TM, Linderoth T, Nielsen R, Summers K, MacManes MD. The genomics of mimicry: Gene expression throughout development provides insights into convergent and divergent phenotypes in a Müllerian mimicry system. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4039-4061. [PMID: 34145931 PMCID: PMC8457190 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A common goal in evolutionary biology is to discern the mechanisms that produce the astounding diversity of morphologies seen across the tree of life. Aposematic species, those with a conspicuous phenotype coupled with some form of defence, are excellent models to understand the link between vivid colour pattern variations, the natural selection shaping it, and the underlying genetic mechanisms underpinning this variation. Mimicry systems in which multiple species share the same conspicuous phenotype can provide an even better model for understanding the mechanisms of colour production in aposematic species, especially if comimics have divergent evolutionary histories. Here we investigate the genetic mechanisms by which vivid colour and pattern are produced in a Müllerian mimicry complex of poison frogs. We did this by first assembling a high-quality de novo genome assembly for the mimic poison frog Ranitomeya imitator. This assembled genome is 6.8 Gbp in size, with a contig N50 of 300 Kbp R. imitator and two colour morphs from both Ranitomeya fantastica and R. variabilis which R. imitator mimics. We identified a large number of pigmentation and patterning genes that are differentially expressed throughout development, many of them related to melanocyte development, melanin synthesis, iridophore development and guanine synthesis. Polytypic differences within species may be the result of differences in expression and/or timing of expression, whereas convergence for colour pattern between species does not appear to be due to the same changes in gene expression. In addition, we identify the pteridine synthesis pathway (including genes such as qdpr and xdh) as a key driver of the variation in colour between morphs of these species. Finally, we hypothesize that genes in the keratin family are important for producing different structural colours within these frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. M. Stuckert
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Mathieu Chouteau
- Laboratoire Écologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA)Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMERCayenneFrance
| | - Melanie McClure
- Laboratoire Écologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA)Université de Guyane, CNRS, IFREMERCayenneFrance
| | - Troy M. LaPolice
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
| | - Tyler Linderoth
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kyle Summers
- Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Matthew D. MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
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31
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Tumminello M, Gangemi A, Matina F, Guardino M, Giuffrè BL, Corsello G. First report of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with a hemizygous c.1142G > C in the EDA gene: variant of uncertain significance or new pathogenic variant? Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:128. [PMID: 34078430 PMCID: PMC8173841 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder which affects structures of ectodermal origin. X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is the most common form of disease. XLHED is characterized by hypotrichosis, hypohydrosis and hypodontia. The cardinal features of classic HED become obvious during childhood. Identification of a hemizygous EDA pathogenic variant in an affected male confirms the diagnosis. Case presentation We report on a male newborn with the main clinical characteristics of the X-linked HED including hypotrichosis, hypodontia and hypohidrosis. Gene panel sequencing identified a new hemizygous missense variant of uncertain significance (VUS) c.1142G > C (p.Gly381Ala) in the EDA gene, located on the X chromosome and inherited from the healthy mother. Conclusion Despite the potential functional impact of VUS remains uncharacterized, our goal is to evaluate the clinical potential consequences of missense VUS on EDA gene. Even if the proband’s phenotype is characteristic for classic HED, further reports of patients with same clinical phenotype and the same genomic variant are needed to consider this novel VUS as responsible for the development of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tumminello
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Gangemi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federico Matina
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Melania Guardino
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bianca Lea Giuffrè
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Zhang H, Kong X, Ren J, Yuan S, Liu C, Hou Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Zhang G, Du Q, Shen W. A novel EDAR missense mutation identified by whole-exome sequencing with non-syndromic tooth agenesis in a Chinese family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1684. [PMID: 33943035 PMCID: PMC8222839 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Causative variants in genes of the EDA/EDAR/NF‐κB pathway, such as EDA and EDARADD, have been widely identified in patients with non‐syndromic tooth agenesis (NSTA). However, few cases of NSTA are due to ectodysplasin‐A receptor (EDAR) variants. In this study, we investigated NSTA‐associated variants in Chinese families. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from the family members of 24 individuals with NSTA for DNA extraction. The coding region of the EDA gene of the 24 probands was amplified by PCR and sequenced to investigate new variants. Whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were then performed for probands without EDA variants detected by PCR. Results A novel missense variant EDAR c.338G>A (p.(Cys113Tyr)) was identified in one family. In addition, three known EDA variants (c.865C>T, c.866G>A, and c.1013C>T) were identified in three families. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis of EDAR gene mutation showed that NSTA patients were most likely to lose the maxillary lateral incisors and the maxillary central incisors were the least affected. The phenotype of mutations at codon 289 of EDA in NSTA affected patients was characterized by lateral incisors loss, rarely affecting the maxillary first molars. Conclusion A novel EDAR missense variant c.338G>A (p.(Cys113Tyr)) was identified in a family with NSTA, extending the mutation spectrum of the EDAR gene. Genotype–phenotype correlation analyses of EDAR and EDA mutations could help to improve disease status prediction in NSTA families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xuanting Kong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yan Hou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Lingqiang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
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Su S, Xie R, Ding X, Lin Y. Three Cases of Bilateral Breast Absence Associated with Familial Congenital Ectodermal Defects. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:377-383. [PMID: 33883917 PMCID: PMC8055361 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to analyze three cases of bilateral breast absence associated with congenital ectodermal defects in the same family to identify a suitable clinical treatment plan. Methods Three patients (case 1 and case 2 are a brother–sister relationship; case 3 is their father) complained of the absence of breasts, nipples, and areolas, accompanied by deformity of facial features and fingers; all other clinical indexes were normal. Case 1 first underwent bilateral papillary reconstruction, with areola embroidery carried out six months later. Case 2 first underwent prosthetic breast augmentation, and after ten months, she underwent nipple reconstruction and auricular cartilage, silica gel prosthesis rhinoplasty, epicanthus correction, and areola embroidery. Gene tests were carried out for both cases. Case 3 did not undergo any surgical procedures. Results The operations achieved good results, although in case 2, the reconstructed nipples retracted and became smaller. Neither of the subjects had adverse reactions after the procedures. A heterozygous mutation of the KCTD1 gene c.2020A>T (p.i674f), a mutation inherited from case 3 (their father), was detected through gene analysis. Copy number analysis and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis were carried out, but no copy number variation possibly related to clinical manifestations was detected. Conclusion The bilateral breast absence associated with familial congenital ectodermal defects in cases 1 and 2 were found to be induced by a heterozygous mutation of the KCTD1 gene c.2020A>T (p.i674f) inherited from case 3 (their father). Two of the three cases underwent surgical treatment, and good clinical results were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqing Su
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, 523770, People's Republic of China
| | - Rurong Xie
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, 523770, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Ding
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, 523770, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuechun Lin
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Dalang Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, 523770, People's Republic of China
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[Detection of EDA gene mutation and phenotypic analysis in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 53. [PMID: 33550332 PMCID: PMC7867966 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene mutation in patients with hypohidro-tic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), and to analyze the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth and the systemic manifestation of HED patients with EDA gene mutation. METHODS Twelve HED families were enrolled from clinic for genetic history collection, systemic physical examination and oral examination. Peripheral blood or saliva samples were collected from the probands and the family members to extract genomic DNA. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing were utilized to detect the EDA gene variations, which were compared with the normal sequence (NM_001399.5). The functional impact of EDA gene variants was then evaluated by functional prediction of mutation, conservation analysis and protein structure prediction. The pathogenicity of each EDA gene variation was assessed according to the stan-dards and guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The systemic phenotype and missing permanent tooth sites of HED patients with EDA gene mutations were summarized, and the missing rate of each tooth position was analyzed and compared. RESULTS Eight out of twelve HED families were identified to carry EDA gene mutations, including: c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.457C>T (p.Arg153Cys); c.466C>T(p.Arg156Cys); c. 584G>A(p.Gly195Glu); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys). Among them, c.164T>C(p.Leu55Pro); c.619delG(p.Gly207Profs*73); c.673C>T(p.Pro225Ser); c.676C>T(p.Gln226*) and c.905T>G(p.Phe302Cys) were novel mutations. The HED patients with EDA gene mutations in this study were all male. Our results showed that the average number of missing permanent teeth was 13.86±4.49, the average number of missing permanent teeth in the upper jaw was 13.14±5.76, the missing rate was 73.02%. And in the lower jaw, the average number of missing permanent teeth was 14.57±3.05, the missing rate was 80.95%. There was no significant difference in the number of missing teeth between the left and right sides of the permanent dentition (P>0.05). Specifi-cally, the maxillary lateral incisors, the maxillary second premolars and the mandibular lateral incisors were more likely to be missing, while the maxillary central incisors, the maxillary and mandibular first molars had higher possibility of persistence. CONCLUSION This study detected novel EDA gene pathogenic variants and summarized the distribution pattern of missing permanent teeth of HED patients, thus enriched the variation and phenotype spectrum of EDA gene, and provided new clinical evidence for genetic diagnosis and prenatal consultation.
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Modi BP, Del Bel KL, Lin S, Sharma M, Richmond PA, van Karnebeek CDM, Chan ES, Avinashi V, Rehmus WE, Biggs CM, Wasserman WW, Turvey SE. Exome sequencing enables diagnosis of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in patient with eosinophilic esophagitis and severe atopy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:9. [PMID: 33446255 PMCID: PMC7809757 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity between different ectodermal dysplasia types and evidence of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity increase the potential for misdiagnosis. We describe a family with X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) presenting with variable expressivity of symptoms between affected siblings. In addition to the classical signs of hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and hypodontia, the index patient—a 5 year old boy, also presented with a severe atopy phenotype that was not observed in the other two affected brothers. Exome sequencing in the index and the mother identified a pathogenic nonsense variant in EDA (NM_001399.4: c.766 C>T; p. Gln256Ter). This study highlights how exome sequencing was crucial in establishing a precise molecular diagnosis of XLHED by enabling us to rule out other differential diagnoses including NEMO deficiency syndrome, that was initially presented as a clinical diagnosis to the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavi P Modi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Dept. of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Susan Lin
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Phillip A Richmond
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Dept. of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Dept. of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond S Chan
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vishal Avinashi
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wingfield E Rehmus
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine M Biggs
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.,Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Dept. of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Andreoni F, Sgattoni C, Bencardino D, Simonetti O, Forabosco A, Magnani M. Missense mutations in EDA and EDAR genes cause dominant syndromic tooth agenesis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1555. [PMID: 33205897 PMCID: PMC7963410 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia and is mainly associated with mutations in the EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD responsible for the development of ectodermal-derived structures. HED displays different modes of inheritance according to the gene that is involved, with X-linked EDA-related HED being the most frequent form of the disease. METHODS Two families with tooth agenesis and manifestations of HED underwent clinical examination and EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD genetic analysis. The impact of the novel variant on the protein was evaluated through bioinformatics tools, whereas molecular modeling was used to predict the effect on the protein structure. RESULTS A novel missense variant was identified in the EDAR (c.287T>C, p.Phe96Ser) of a female child proband and her mother, accounting for autosomal dominant HED. The genetic variant c.866G>A (p.Arg289His) in EDA, which has been previously described, was observed in the male proband of another family confirming its role in X-linked HED. The inheritance model of the missense mutation showed a different relationship with X-linked HED and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence of variable expression of HED in heterozygous females, which should be considered for genetic counseling, and different modes of inheritance related to tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Sgattoni
- Coordinamento Interdipartimentale Malattie RareAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di AnconaAnconaItaly
| | | | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinica DermatologicaAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di AnconaAnconaItaly
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of UrbinoFanoItaly
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Prenatal Genetic Testing for X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1339:337-340. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li L, Jia C, Tang Y, Kong Y, Xia Y, Ma L. Novel Gross Deletion Mutations in NTRK1 Gene Associated With Congenital Insensitivity to Pain With Anhidrosis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:638190. [PMID: 33748046 PMCID: PMC7969531 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.638190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized by insensitivity to noxious stimuli, anhidrosis, recurrent fever, and intellectual disability. CIPA is mainly caused by mutations in the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 gene (NTRK1). This study aims to identify pathogenic mutations underlying CIPA in two unrelated Chinese families. Methods: DNA was extracted from blood samples of patients and their available family members and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Real-time PCR (qPCR), Gap-PCR, and Sanger sequencing were applied to verify the identified variants. Result: We found novel compound gross deletion mutations [exon1-6 del (g.1-1258_10169del); exon5-7 del (g.6995_11999del)] of NTRK1 (MIM 191315) gene in family 1 and the compound heterozygous mutations [c.851-33T>A; exon5-7 del (g.6995_11999del)] in family 2. Interestingly, we discovered the intragenic novel gross deletion [exon5-7 del (g.6995_11999del)] mediated by recombination between Alu elements. Conclusions: The present study highlights two rare gross deletion mutations in the NTRK1 gene associated with CIPA in two unrelated Chinese families. The deletion of exon1-6 (g.1-1258_10169del) is thought to be the largest NTRK1 deletion reported to date. Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of NTRK1 mutations in the Chinese and could be useful for prenatal interventions and more precise pharmacological treatments to patients. WES conducted in our study is a convenient and useful tool for clinical diagnosis of CIPA and other associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Department of Newborn Screening Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Neonatology, Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Newborn Screening Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Department of Newborn Screening Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaofang Xia
- Department of Neonatology, Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Hebei Provincial Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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YAMAMOTO M, GOHDA J, AKIYAMA T, INOUE JI. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays crucial roles in multiple biological systems through polyubiquitination-mediated NF-κB activation. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:145-160. [PMID: 33840674 PMCID: PMC8062261 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB was first identified in 1986 as a B cell-specific transcription factor inducing immunoglobulin κ light chain expression. Subsequent studies revealed that NF-κB plays important roles in development, organogenesis, immunity, inflammation, and neurological functions by spatiotemporally regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in several cell types. Furthermore, studies on the signal pathways that activate NF-κB led to the discovery of TRAF family proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which function downstream of the receptor. This discovery led to the proposal of an entirely new signaling mechanism concept, wherein K63-ubiquitin chains act as a scaffold for the signaling complex to activate downstream kinases. This concept has revolutionized ubiquitin studies by revealing the importance of the nonproteolytic functions of ubiquitin not only in NF-κB signaling but also in a variety of other biological systems. TRAF6 is the most diverged among the TRAF family proteins, and our studies uncovered its notable physiological and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki YAMAMOTO
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin GOHDA
- Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishin AKIYAMA
- Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro INOUE
- Research Platform Office, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhan Y, Luo S, Pi Z, Zhang G. A recurrent mutation of GJB6 in a big Chinese family with Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Hereditas 2020; 157:34. [PMID: 32843087 PMCID: PMC7446134 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare inherited syndrome characterised by nail dystrophy, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and alopecia. Four mutations (p.G11R, p.A88V, p.V37E and p.D50N) in gap junction beta 6 (GJB6) gene, which codes connexin30 protein, have been found to cause HED in different populations. Here, we reported a big Chinese family in which 24 patients over five generations were suffered with HED. Sequence analysis identified all 24 patients carry a recurrent missense mutation c.263C > T (p.A88V) in GJB6. Our results reveal gene testing of GJB6 is important for diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis and future gene treatment of HED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Shuaihantian Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zixin Pi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Characterisation of a second gain of function EDAR variant, encoding EDAR380R, in East Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1694-1702. [PMID: 32499598 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectodysplasin A1 receptor (EDAR) is a TNF receptor family member with roles in the development and growth of hair, teeth and glands. A derived allele of EDAR, single-nucleotide variant rs3827760, encodes EDAR:p.(Val370Ala), a receptor with more potent signalling effects than the ancestral EDAR370Val. This allele of rs3827760 is at very high frequency in modern East Asian and Native American populations as a result of ancient positive selection and has been associated with straighter, thicker hair fibres, alteration of tooth and ear shape, reduced chin protrusion and increased fingertip sweat gland density. Here we report the characterisation of another SNV in EDAR, rs146567337, encoding EDAR:p.(Ser380Arg). The derived allele of this SNV is at its highest global frequency, of up to 5%, in populations of southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. Using haplotype analyses, we find that the rs3827760 and rs146567337 SNVs arose on distinct haplotypes and that rs146567337 does not show the same signs of positive selection as rs3827760. From functional studies in cultured cells, we find that EDAR:p.(Ser380Arg) displays increased EDAR signalling output, at a similar level to that of EDAR:p.(Val370Ala). The existence of a second SNV with partly overlapping geographic distribution, the same in vitro functional effect and similar evolutionary age as the derived allele of rs3827760, but of independent origin and not exhibiting the same signs of strong selection, suggests a northern focus of positive selection on EDAR function in East Asia.
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Yamada A, Kawasaki M, Miake Y, Yamada Y, Blackburn J, Kawasaki K, Trakanant S, Nagai T, Nihara J, Kudo T, Meguro F, Schmidt-Ullrich R, Liu B, Hu Y, Page A, Ramírez Á, Sharpe PT, Maeda T, Takagi R, Ohazama A. Overactivation of the NF-κB pathway impairs molar enamel formation. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1513-1522. [PMID: 32369672 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal structures and functions of the ectoderm-derived organs, including teeth. HED patients exhibit a variety of dental symptoms, such as hypodontia. Although disruption of the EDA/EDAR/EDARADD/NF-κB pathway is known to be responsible for HED, it remains unclear whether this pathway is involved in the process of enamel formation. EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS AND METHODS To address this question, we examined the mice overexpressing Ikkβ (an essential component required for the activation of NF-κB pathway) under the keratin 5 promoter (K5-Ikkβ). RESULTS Upregulation of the NF-κB pathway was confirmed in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice. Premature abrasion was observed in the molars of K5-Ikkβ mice, which was accompanied by less mineralized enamel. However, no significant changes were observed in the enamel thickness and the pattern of enamel rods in K5-Ikkβ mice. Klk4 expression was significantly upregulated in the ameloblasts of K5-Ikkβ mice at the maturation stage, and the expression of its substrate, amelogenin, was remarkably reduced. This suggests that abnormal enamel observed in K5-Ikkβ mice was likely due to the compromised degradation of enamel protein at the maturation stage. CONCLUSION Therefore, we could conclude that the overactivation of the NF-κB pathway impairs the process of amelogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miake
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Tsurumi, Japan
| | - Yurie Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - James Blackburn
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Supaluk Trakanant
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Nihara
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takehisa Kudo
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich
- Department of Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bigang Liu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
| | - Yinling Hu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital12 de Octubre (imas12), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital12 de Octubre (imas12), CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ritsuo Takagi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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43
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Zhao F, Mao B, Geng X, Ren X, Wang Y, Guan Y, Li S, Li L, Zhang S, You Y, Cao Y, Yang T, Zhao X. Molecular genetic analysis in 21 Chinese families with congenital insensitivity to pain with or without anhidrosis. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:1697-1705. [PMID: 32219930 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by sensory dysfunctions. Here, 21 affected Chinese families are reported, including 19 with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA; namely HSAN IV) and two with congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP; namely HSAN IID) caused by biallelic variations in NTRK1 and SCN9A, respectively, aiming to identify causative variants in these families and compare how different variants in NTRK1 affect the function of tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA). METHODS Recombinant plasmids harboring the wild-type and six mutant alleles (p.Gln216*, p.Glu584Lys, p.Leu595Arg, p.Pro684Leu, p.Val709Leu and p.Arg765Cys) of NTRK1 cDNA were constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. RESULTS The results suggested that the five missense variants only presented a subtle influence on the expression level and glycosylation of TrkA but compromised the receptor phosphorylation. Our findings also suggested that a synonymous variant c.219C>T in NTRK1 may cause aberrant splicing, indicating a potential novel pathogenic mechanism of CIPA. Furthermore, gross deletion of SCN9A was first associated with CIP. CONCLUSIONS This study identified multiple forms of variants responsible for CIPA/CIP in the Chinese population and might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - B Mao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Geng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, People's Hospital of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Y Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y You
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - T Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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44
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Yuan S, Ren J, Qu H, Zhang G, Chen W, Zheng S, Meng L, Bai J, Du Q, Yang D, Shen W. A novel EDA1 missense mutation in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19244. [PMID: 32176048 PMCID: PMC7220389 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A mutation in the epithelial morphogen gene ectodysplasin-A1 (EDA1) is responsible for the disorder X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), the most common form of ectodermal dysplasia. XLHED is characterized by impaired development of hair, eccrine sweat glands, and teeth. This study aimed to identify potentially pathogenic mutations in four Chinese XLHED families.Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and sequenced. Sanger sequencing was used to carry out mutational analysis of the EDA1 gene, and the three-dimensional structure of the novel mutant residues in the EDA trimer was determined. Transcriptional activity of NF-κB was tested by Dual luciferin assay.We identified a novel EDA1 mutation (c.1046C>T) and detected 3 other previously-reported mutations (c.146T>A; c.457C>T; c.467G>A). Our findings demonstrated that novel mutation c.1046C>T (p.A349 V) resulted in XLHED. The novel mutation could cause volume repulsion in the protein due to enlargement of the amino acid side chain. Dual luciferase assay revealed that transcriptional NF-κB activation induced by XLHED EDA1 protein was significantly reduced compared with wild-type EDA1.These results extend the spectrum of EDA1 mutations in XLHED patients and suggest a functional role of the novel mutation in XLHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Jiabao Ren
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Hong Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing
| | | | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | | | - Lingqiang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
| | - Jiuping Bai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qingqing Du
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | | | - Wenjing Shen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang
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45
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Lévy J, Capri Y, Rachid M, Dupont C, Vermeesch JR, Devriendt K, Verloes A, Tabet AC, Bailleul-Forestier I. LEF1 haploinsufficiency causes ectodermal dysplasia. Clin Genet 2020; 97:595-600. [PMID: 32022899 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ectodermal dysplasias are a family of genodermatoses commonly associated with variants in the ectodysplasin/NF-κB or the Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Both pathways are involved in signal transduction from ectoderm to mesenchyme during the development of ectoderm-derived structures. Wnt/β-catenin pathway requires the lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), a nuclear mediator, to activate target gene expression. In mice, targeted inactivation of the LEF1 gene results in a complete block of development of multiple ectodermal appendages. We report two unrelated patients with 4q25 de novo deletion encompassing LEF1, associated with severe oligodontia of primary and permanent dentition, hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis compatible with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Taurodontism and a particular alveolar bone defect were also observed in both patients. So far, no pathogenic variants or variations involving the LEF1 gene have been reported in human. We provide further evidence for LEF1 haploinsufficiency role in ectodermal dysplasia and delineate its clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lévy
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Rachid
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Céline Dupont
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Devriendt
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Center of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain Verloes
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Claude Tabet
- Genetics Department, AP-HP, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Neuroscience Department, Génétique Humaine et Fonction Cognitive Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Rare Oral and Dental Competence Center, CHU Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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46
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Sogkas G, Adriawan IR, Ringshausen FC, Baumann U, Schröder C, Klemann C, von Hardenberg S, Schmidt G, Bernd A, Jablonka A, Ernst D, Schmidt RE, Atschekzei F. A novel NFKBIA variant substituting serine 36 of IκBα causes immunodeficiency with warts, bronchiectasis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of ectodermal dysplasia. Clin Immunol 2020; 210:108269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Sadia, Foo JN, Khor CC, Jelani M, Ali G. A recurrent missense mutation in the
EDAR
gene causes severe autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two consanguineous Kashmiri families. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3113. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore
- Human GeneticsGenome Institute of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Musharraf Jelani
- Center for Omic Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan
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48
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Kuony A, Ikkala K, Kalha S, Magalhães AC, Pirttiniemi A, Michon F. Ectodysplasin-A signaling is a key integrator in the lacrimal gland-cornea feedback loop. Development 2019; 146:dev.176693. [PMID: 31221639 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A lack of ectodysplasin-A (Eda) signaling leads to dry eye symptoms, which have so far only been associated with altered Meibomian glands. Here, we used loss-of-function (Eda -/-) mutant mice to unravel the impact of Eda signaling on lacrimal gland formation, maturation and subsequent physiological function. Our study demonstrates that Eda activity is dispensable during lacrimal gland embryonic development. However, using a transcriptomic approach, we show that the Eda pathway is necessary for proper cell terminal differentiation in lacrimal gland epithelium and correlated with modified expression of secreted factors commonly found in the tear film. Finally, we discovered that lacrimal glands present a bilateral reduction of Eda signaling activity in response to unilateral corneal injury. This observation hints towards a role for the Eda pathway in controlling the switch from basal to reflex tears, to support corneal wound healing. Collectively, our data suggest a crucial implication of Eda signaling in the cornea-lacrimal gland feedback loop, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Our findings demonstrate that Eda downstream targets could help alleviate dry eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.,Institut Jacques Monod, Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7592, Buffon building, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Kaisa Ikkala
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solja Kalha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Cathia Magalhães
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM UMR1051, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Anniina Pirttiniemi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland .,Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, INSERM UMR1051, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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