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Gad H, Mohammed I, Dauleh H, Pasha M, Al-Barazenji T, Hussain K, Malik RA. Case report: Nerve fiber regeneration in children with melanocortin 4 receptor gene mutation related obesity treated with semaglutide. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1385463. [PMID: 38974580 PMCID: PMC11227249 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1385463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) mutations are the commonest cause of monogenic obesity through dysregulation of neuronal pathways in the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex that regulate hunger and satiety. MC4R also regulates neuropathic pain pathways via JNK signaling after nerve injury. We show evidence of corneal small fiber degeneration in 2 siblings carrying a heterozygous missense variant c.508A>G, p.Ille170Val in the MC4R gene. Both children were treated with once weekly semaglutide for 6 months with no change in weight, and only a minor improvement in HbA1c and lipid profile. However, there was evidence of nerve regeneration with an increase in corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) [child A (13.9%), child B (14.7%)], corneal nerve branch density (CNBD) [child A (110.2%), child B (58.7%)] and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) [child A (21.5%), child B (44.0%)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Gad
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Idris Mohammed
- Endocrinology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hajar Dauleh
- Endocrinology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maheen Pasha
- Endocrinology Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Rayaz A. Malik
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Independent and Combined Association of Lifestyle Behaviours and Physical Fitness with Body Weight Status in Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061208. [PMID: 35334863 PMCID: PMC8953615 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Lifestyle behaviours and physical fitness play a critical role in the development of childhood obesity. It has been demonstrated in this study that self-reported physical fitness is representative of a healthy lifestyle and thus is associated with a lower incidence of overweight/obesity. The objective of this study was to analyse the independent and combined association of lifestyles (physical activity, screen time, diet and hours of sleep) and self-reported physical fitness with body weight in schoolchildren. (2) Methods: This study performed a descriptive and cross-sectional analysis. The study sample consisted of 864 schoolchildren between 8−9 years old from 26 schools of the province of Cádiz. To measure lifestyles and self-reported physical fitness, questionnaires were administered to both schoolchildren and families. To obtain the body weight status, the children were measured by body mass index (BMI). To verify the influence of lifestyles and self-reported physical fitness on the body weight status of schoolchildren, a combined score of lifestyles and self-reported physical fitness was calculated. (3) Results: Schoolchildren who followed healthier lifestyles and presented good physical fitness had a better body weight status (p < 0.001). Schoolchildren who had less healthful lifestyles and bad physical fitness had a 10.34 times higher risk of being overweight or obese (p = 0.004). (4) Conclusions: It has been shown that there is an independent and combined association between lifestyles and physical fitness on the body weight of the schoolchildren. We have suggested strategies to get children to adopt healthy lifestyles and good physical fitness to maintain a healthy body weight and prevent obesity.
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Ke D, Maimaitijiang R, Shen S, Kishi H, Kurokawa Y, Suzuki K. Field-based physical fitness assessment in preschool children: A scoping review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:939442. [PMID: 35989998 PMCID: PMC9387554 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.939442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness, which can be measured using various health- and skill-related components, is an important indicator of child development and health status. This study undertakes a scoping review on physical fitness assessment methods in preschool children to summarize the most widely used field-based physical fitness batteries and specific test items for preschool children. A search of the literature in English was undertaken using two major electronics databases, which yielded 76 literatures that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These literatures took the quantitative indicators of physical fitness as the outcome variables in 3-6-year-old children. This review found that of these 76 literatures analyzed, 71.1% came from Europe and 89.5% were published after 2010. The results showed six physical fitness test batteries, with the assessing FITness in PREschoolers (PREFIT) battery is the most widely used, and specific test items such as body mass index (BMI), standing long jump, handgrip, one-leg stance, sit and reach, 20 m shuttle run test (SRT)-PREFIT, and 4 × 10 m SRT are widely used in corresponding components. Therefore, we recommend that an international standard for some specific test items should be developed for preschool children to facilitate more widespread adoption and promote physical fitness assessment for preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ke
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Shaoshuai Shen
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.,School of Education and Welfare, Aichi Prefectural University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidetada Kishi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
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Reversal of the Upward Trend of Obesity in Boys, but Not in Girls, in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041842. [PMID: 33672817 PMCID: PMC7918759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: To compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls and to estimate socioeconomic differences associated with obesity in Spain in 1997, 2007, and 2017. (2) Methods: Data were drawn from national health interview surveys. For each year of study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was measured, and these results were compared by gender (boy/girl) and socioeconomic status (low/high education). (3) Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity rose from 1997 to 2007 but then fell in 2017 in all subgroups except in girls aged 10 to 15 years. In this group, there was a steady increase in the prevalence of both overweight (1997, 14.6%; 2007, 17.7%; 2017, 19.6%) and obesity (1.1, 3.2, and 3.7%, respectively). The decrease in prevalence of overweight in both sexes and of obesity in boys, along with the increase in prevalence of obesity in girls, was of a higher magnitude in children whose parents had a lower educational level. (4) Conclusions: The apparent turnaround in the obesity epidemic in Spain should be interpreted with caution. Children’s body weight is influenced by both gender and socioeconomic status—considerations that should be kept in mind when designing health promotion interventions.
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Aragón-Martín R, Gómez-Sánchez MDM, Jiménez-Pavón D, Martínez-Nieto JM, Schwarz-Rodríguez M, Segundo-Iglesias C, Novalbos-Ruiz JP, Santi-Cano MJ, Castro-Piñero J, Lineros-González C, Hernán-García M, Rodríguez-Martín A. A Multimodal Intervention for Prevention of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren. A Protocol Study "PREVIENE-CÁDIZ". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1622. [PMID: 33567730 PMCID: PMC7914756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the protocol for a study designed to address the high prevalence (40%) of childhood overweight and obesity in the province of Cádiz, Spain, as a reflection of what is happening worldwide. It is widely known that children who suffer from childhood obesity have a higher risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. This causes a decrease in the quality of life and an increase in health spending. In this context, it is necessary to intervene promoting healthy lifestyle habits from an early stage. The objective of this project will be to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention (individual, school and family) called "PREVIENE-CÁDIZ" [CADIZ-PREVENT]. The intervention will be focused mainly on diet, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and sleep, to prevent overweight and obesity in schoolchildren from 8 to 9 years old in the province of Cádiz. It will consist of a 10-session education program carried out in the classroom by the teachers. In addition, children will be assigned two workbooks, one to work on in class and the other at home with parents. A workshop aimed at parents will be included to help teach them how to obtain healthier lifestyle habits. The proposed study will involve a quasi-experimental design with a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Aragón-Martín
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (J.P.N.-R.); (A.R.-M.)
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María del Mar Gómez-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (J.P.N.-R.); (A.R.-M.)
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Manuel Martínez-Nieto
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Mónica Schwarz-Rodríguez
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Salus Infirmorum Nursing School, University of Cádiz, 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Segundo-Iglesias
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Salus Infirmorum Nursing School, University of Cádiz, 11001 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Pedro Novalbos-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (J.P.N.-R.); (A.R.-M.)
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - María José Santi-Cano
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmen Lineros-González
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Andalusian School of Public Health, 18080 Granada, Spain
| | - Mariano Hernán-García
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Andalusian School of Public Health, 18080 Granada, Spain
- Andalusian Council of Childhood, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Rodríguez-Martín
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (J.P.N.-R.); (A.R.-M.)
- European ITI Project PI-0007-2017, Andalusian Operational Program FEDER (European Regional Development Fund) 2014–2020, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (D.J.-P.); (J.M.M.-N.); (M.S.-R.); (C.S.-I.); (M.J.S.-C.); (J.C.-P.); (C.L.-G.); (M.H.-G.)
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Intemann T, Labayen I, Artero EG, Alvarez-Bueno C, Sanchis-Moysi J, Benito PJ, Beltran-Valls MR, Pérez-Bey A, Sanchez-Delgado G, Palou P, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Moreno LA, Ortega FB. Prevalence of severe/morbid obesity and other weight status and anthropometric reference standards in Spanish preschool children: The PREFIT project. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:501-510. [PMID: 30776792 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become a major health problem in children under the age of 5 years. Providing reference standards would help paediatricians to detect and/or prevent health problems related to both low and high levels of body mass and to central adiposity later in life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of different weight status categories and to provide sex- and age-specific anthropometry reference standards for Spanish preschool children. METHODS A total of 3178 preschool children (4.59±0.87 years old) participated in this study. Prevalence of different degrees of obesity (mild, severe, and morbid) and other weight status categories were determined. RESULTS Reference standards were obtained. Prevalence of overweight and obese preschool children in the Spanish population ranged from 21.4 to 34.8%. Specifically, the obesity prevalence was 3.5, 1.2, and 1.3% of these subjects were categorized as mild, severe, and morbid obese. Sex- and age-specific reference standards for anthropometric parameters are provided for every 0.25 years (i.e. every trimester of life). CONCLUSION Our results show a high prevalence of overweight/obese preschoolers. The provided sex- and age-specific anthropometric reference standards could help paediatricians to track and monitor anthropometric changes at this early stage in order to prevent overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Timm Intemann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique G Artero
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Celia Alvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sanchis-Moysi
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pere Palou
- Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain and Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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7
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Fang C, Zhang J, Zhou T, Li L, Lu Y, Gao Z, Quan M. Associations between Daily Step Counts and Physical Fitness in Preschool Children. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010163. [PMID: 31936133 PMCID: PMC7019471 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the relationships between daily step counts and physical fitness in preschool children. Methods: Preschoolers’ step counts were assessed by ActiGraph accelerometers consecutively for seven days. Physical fitness was assessed by a 20 m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness), the handgrip and standing long jump tests (musculoskeletal fitness), and the 2 × 10 m shuttle run test (speed/agility). A composite score was created from the mean of the standardized values of all physical fitness tests. Results: A total of 301 preschoolers (134 girls, mean age 57.40 ± 5.47 months; 167 boys, mean age 58.10 ± 5.34 months) were included in the final analysis. Compared with the lowest tertile, boys and girls in the highest tertile of step counts achieved high physical fitness with odds ratio (OR) being 5.39 (95% CI = 1.65–17.59) and 4.42 (95% CI = 1.30–14.99), respectively, after adjusting for confounders. Meanwhile, a relationship was observed for each 1000 steps/day increment being associated with 43% (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10–1.85) and 62% (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20–2.19) increment for high physical fitness in boys and girls, respectively. In addition, significant non-linear relationship was observed between daily steps and physical fitness in boys, which indicated that accumulated 8000 steps/day was associated with the highest ratio to achieve high physical fitness. Conclusions: Positive relationships between step counts and physical fitness were observed in preschool children, and the relationships were strongest for those who accumulated 8000 steps/day in boys. To confirm the findings in this study, well-designed and large-scale longitudinal studies are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Fang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Tang Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Longkai Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yaofei Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zan Gao
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Minghui Quan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-65507363
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Alfaro B, Rios Y, Arranz S, Varela P. Understanding children's healthiness and hedonic perception of school meals via structured sorting. Appetite 2020; 144:104466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Palou P, Muntaner-Mas A, Cantallops J, Borràs PA, Labayen I, Jiménez-Pavón D, Dorado García C, Moliner-Urdiales D, Rodríguez Pérez MA, Rojo-Tirado MA, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Ortega FB, Vidal-Conti J. A Single Question of Parent-Reported Physical Activity Levels Estimates Objectively Measured Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Preschool Children: The PREFIT Project. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1585. [PMID: 31354587 PMCID: PMC6635596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is recognized as a determinant of low physical fitness and body composition in preschool children, which in turn, are important markers of health through the lifespan. Objective methods to assess physical activity, physical fitness and body composition in preschool children are preferable; however, they have some practical limitations in the school context. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether a single question regarding physical activity level of preschool children, reported by their parents, could be used as an alternative screening tool of physical fitness and body composition. The information was obtained from 10 different cities throughout Spain, gathering a total of 3179 healthy preschool children (52.8% boys and 47.2% girls) aged 3-5 years. Physical activity levels of preschool children were reported by parents using a single question with five response options (very low, low, average, high, or very high). Physical fitness and body composition were assessed with the PREFIT fitness battery. The results showed that parents' perception of their children's physical activity was positively associated with all objectively measured physical fitness components (βrange = -0.094 to 0.113; all p < 0.020); and negatively with body composition indicators as measured (βrange = -0.113 to -0.058; all p < 0.001). The results showed significant differences in all physical fitness and body composition z-scores across the parent-reported physical activity levels (all p < 0.017 and all p < 0.001, respectively), as well as, for the fitness index (p < 0.001). Our study suggests that in school settings with insufficient resources to objectively assess fitness and body composition, parents-reported physical activity level by means of a single question might provide useful information about these important health markers in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Palou
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaume Cantallops
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Pere Antoni Borràs
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado García
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Manuel A. Rodríguez Pérez
- Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group, CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Research Group (LFE Research Group), Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Conti
- GICAFE “Physical Activity and Exercise Sciences Research Group”, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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Bohn B, Stachow R, Gellhaus I, Matthias J, Lichtenstern H, Holl RW. Heterogeneity in sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors at the initiation of a lifestyle intervention for obesity within Germany: an APV multicenter study on 40,942 children and adolescents. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2018.1547070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bohn
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Stachow
- Rehabilitation Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Fachklinik Sylt, Westerland, Germany
| | - Ines Gellhaus
- Consensus Group Obesity Education for Children and Adolescents (KgAS), Paderborn, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhard W. Holl
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Grammatikopoulou MG, Gkiouras K, Daskalou E, Apostolidou E, Theodoridis X, Stylianou C, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Tsigga M, Dardavessis T, Chourdakis M. Growth, the Mediterranean diet and the buying power of adolescents in Greece. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:773-780. [PMID: 29856727 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate associations between pocket money, Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and growth among Greek adolescents. Methods A total of 319 (157 boys and 162 girls) Greek adolescents, aged 10-18 years participated in the study. Pocket money was recorded, MD adherence was assessed with the KIDMED score and growth was evaluated using the World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. Results Participants receiving pocket money exceeding 6.0€ daily demonstrated increased fast-food consumption and breakfast skipping. Overall, a negative relationship was revealed between pocket money and obesity. However, lower allowance receivers were less likely to be obese, consume fruit per day and more likely to consume breakfast and sweets, compared to average pocket money receivers. Increased MD adherence was associated with a lower risk of overweight and as expected, unhealthy eating habits were observed among obese adolescents. Conclusions Interrelationships tend to exist between MD adherence, pocket money and growth among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Grammatikopoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gkiouras
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstratia Daskalou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Apostolidou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Xenophon Theodoridis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Charilaos Stylianou
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Paphos General Hospital, Paphos, Cyprus.,Fourth Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- Fourth Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Tsigga
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodore Dardavessis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social and Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, Phone: +30 2310999035, Fax: +30 2312205270
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12
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Manios Y, Androutsos O, Katsarou C, Vampouli EA, Kulaga Z, Gurzkowska B, Iotova V, Usheva N, Cardon G, Koletzko B, Moreno LA, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of overweight and obesity in a large Pan-European cohort of preschool children and their families: the ToyBox study. Nutrition 2018; 55-56:192-198. [PMID: 30121021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Health inequalities are observed among different regions and socioeconomic groups. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of overweight and obesityamong preschoolers across six European countries in relation to sociodemographic and family factors. METHODS A total of 7554 preschool-aged children and their parents participated in the ToyBox-study. Children's weight and height were measured and parents self-reported their weight, height, and family sociodemographic data using questionnaires. Data were obtained in May and June 2012. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity ranged from 10.0% in Germany to 20.6% in Greece and was found to be higher in children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families as well as children with two overweight or obese parents. Children from low-SES families and children with overweight or obese parents were more likely to be overweight or obese compared with their peers from medium- or high-SES families or those with normal-weight parents, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a large sample of European preschoolers, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be higher in Southern and Eastern European countries compared with Central and Northern European countries. Higher prevalence was recorded among low-SES families and in children with overweight or obese parents, which indicates that these areas and vulnerable groups need to be prioritized to close the gap in health and social inequalities and provide more effective prevention of early childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Katsarou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Anna Vampouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Natalya Usheva
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; School of Health Science (EUCS), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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13
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Leppänen MH, Henriksson P, Delisle Nyström C, Henriksson H, Ortega FB, Pomeroy J, Ruiz JR, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Löf M. Longitudinal Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness in Preschoolers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:2078-2085. [PMID: 28538260 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate longitudinal associations of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition and physical fitness at a 12-month follow-up in healthy Swedish 4-yr-old children. METHODS The data from the population-based MINISTOP trial were collected between 2014 and 2016, and this study included the 138 children who were in the control group. PA and SB were assessed using the wrist-worn ActiGraph (wGT3x-BT) accelerometer during seven 24-h periods and, subsequently, defined as SB, light-intensity PA, moderate-intensity PA, vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, lower and upper muscular strength as well as motor fitness) by the PREFIT fitness battery. Linear regression and isotemporal substitution models were applied. RESULTS Greater VPA and MVPA at the age of 4.5 yr were associated with higher fat-free mass index (FFMI) at 5.5 yr (P < 0.001 and P = 0.044, respectively). Furthermore, greater VPA and MVPA at the age of 4.5 yr were associated with higher scores for cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscular strength, and motor fitness at 12-month follow-up (P = 0.001 to P = 0.031). Substituting 5 min·d of SB, light-intensity PA, or moderate-intensity PA for VPA at the age of 4.5 yr were associated with higher FFMI, and with greater upper and lower muscular strength at 12-month follow-up (P < 0.001 to P = 0.046). CONCLUSION Higher VPA and MVPA at the age of 4.5 yr were significantly associated with higher FFMI and better physical fitness at 12-month follow-up. Our results indicate that promoting high-intensity PA at young ages may have long-term beneficial effects on childhood body composition and physical fitness, in particular muscular strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja H Leppänen
- 1Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND; 2Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linkoping University, Linkoping, SWEDEN; 3Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, SPAIN; 4Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Huddinge, SWEDEN; and 5Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI
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14
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Gudnadottir G, Ellegård E, Hellgren J. Intranasal Budesonide and Quality of Life in Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 158:752-759. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599817742597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the efficacy of budesonide nasal spray on the health-related quality of life and symptoms among children with sleep-disordered breathing. Study Design Randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods Sixty children (ages, 4-10 years) who were referred because of snoring and/or apneas for >3 months were included between January 2015 and June 2016 and randomized in a double-blind design to treatment with 64 μg/mL of budesonide nasal spray (n = 30) or placebo nasal spray (n = 30) twice daily for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measurement was the change in the mean OSA-18 total score from baseline. Other variables examined were individual OSA-18 domains, a visual analog scale for quality of life, symptoms (snoring, apneas, and nasal obstruction), and adenoid and tonsil size. The trial was investigator initiated and not sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry. Results Fifty-five children completed the trial. An intention-to-treat analysis revealed a significantly greater improvement in the mean OSA-18 total score after treatment with budesonide than placebo (19.5 vs 7.5, P = .0014). Intranasal budesonide also improved 2 OSA-18 domains (sleep disturbance, caregivers’ concerns), the visual analog scale score for quality of life, as well as snoring, apneas, and nasal obstruction. No serious adverse events were reported that could be linked to the treatment. Conclusion Among children with sleep-disordered breathing, 6 weeks’ treatment with intranasal budesonide significantly improved quality of life and symptoms as compared with placebo nasal spray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnhildur Gudnadottir
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Ellegård
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Halland’s Hospital, Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - Johan Hellgren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Associations between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiorespiratory fitness with total and central obesity in preschool children: the PREFIT project. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2975-2983. [PMID: 29127475 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early recognition of risk factors associated with overweight/obesity is an important step towards preventing long-term health consequences. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations of the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with adiposity in preschool children from the north of Spain. METHODS The adherence to the MDP (KIDMED), CRF (20-m shuttle run test), total (BMI) and central (waist circumference) adiposity and socio-demographic factors were assessed in 619 children (48.6% girls) who were on average 4.7 years old. RESULTS Higher MDP index (P < 0.05) and CRF levels (P < 0.01) were significantly related to lower waist circumference. CRF was inversely associated with BMI (P ≤ 0.001), yet no significant association was observed between MDP and BMI. Children not having high CRF levels and high MDP (i.e., non-upper sex-specific tertile of CRF or MDP, respectively) had the highest waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that higher adherence to the MDP and higher CRF are associated with lower waist circumference in preschool children, pointing them as relevant modifiable factors to be targeted by educational strategies aiming to prevent central obesity and later obesity-related comorbidities.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Moreno-Jiménez J, Correa-Bautista JE, Martínez-Torres J, González-Ruiz K, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Lobelo F, Garcia-Hermoso A. Using LMS tables to determine waist circumference and waist-to-height ratios in Colombian children and adolescents: the FUPRECOL study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28697745 PMCID: PMC5506645 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are often used as indices predictive of central obesity. The aims of this study were: 1) to obtain smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR among Colombian children and adolescents; 2) to evaluate the utility of these parameters as predictors of overweight and obesity. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted of a sample population of 7954 healthy Colombian schoolchildren [3460 boys and 4494 girls, mean age 12.8 (±2.3) years]. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WC and WHtR were measured, and percentiles were calculated using the LMS method (Box-Cox, median and coefficient of variation). Appropriate cut-off points of WC and WHtR for overweight and obesity, according to International Obesity Task Force definitions, were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The discriminating power of WC and WHtR is expressed as area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Reference values for WC and WHtR are presented. Mean WC increased and WHtR decreased with age for both genders. A moderate positive correlation was observed between WC and BMI (r = 0.756, P < 0.01) and between WHtR and BMI (r = 0.604, P < 0.01). ROC analysis revealed strong discrimination power in the identification of overweight and obesity for both measures in our sample population. Overall, WHtR was a slightly better predictor of overweight/obesity (AUC 95% CI 0.868-0.916) than WC (AUC 95% CI 0.862-0.904). CONCLUSION This paper presents the first sex and age-specific WC and WHtR percentiles for Colombian children and adolescents aged 9.0-17.9 years. The LMS tables obtained, based on Colombian reference data, can be used as quantitative tools for the study of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Javier Moreno-Jiménez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Katherine González-Ruiz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Facultad de Salud, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436: Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436: Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
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Parekh N, Henriksson P, Delisle Nyström C, Silfvernagel K, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Pomeroy J, Löf M. Associations of Parental Self-Efficacy With Diet, Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Swedish Preschoolers: Results From the MINISTOP Trial. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017. [PMID: 28629222 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117714019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High parental self-efficacy (PSE) has been associated with healthy diets and higher levels of physical activity (PA) in children; however, data on PSE in relation to body weight and body composition are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of PSE with measures of diet, PA, body composition, and physical fitness in early childhood. METHOD We used baseline data from the MINISTOP trial in healthy Swedish children ( n = 301; 4.5 ± 0.15 years). PSE was assessed using a questionnaire, dietary data were collected using a mobile technology-assisted methodology, and PA was obtained (sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous) by accelerometry. Body composition was measured using the pediatric option for BodPod and cardiorespiratory fitness by the 20 m shuttle run. Linear regression was conducted to evaluate cross-sectional associations of the outcomes in relation to total PSE and scores computed for the individual PSE factors: (1) diet, (2) limit setting of unhealthful behaviors, and (3) PA. RESULTS Higher scores of total PSE and the diet factor were associated with higher fruit intake (β = 0.82 g/point and 1.99 g/point; p = .014 and .009, respectively) and lower consumption of unhealthy snacks (β = -0.42 g/point and -0.89 g/point; p = .012 and .020, respectively) after adjustment for parental body mass index and education, respondent, and child's sex and age. No associations were observed between PSE and PA, body composition, or cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS Our study noted that PSE should be considered in conjunction with other strategies for a sustainable impact on childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- 2 University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,3 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Pomeroy
- 5 Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Marie Löf
- 3 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,4 Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Parental body mass index and its association with body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle factors in their 4-year-old children: results from the MINISTOP trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1200-1205. [PMID: 28466851 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To examine the association between parental body mass index (BMI) and their offspring's body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle factors (that is, sedentary time, physical activity and diet). SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 307 preschoolers (4.5±0.1 years) and their parents (fathers: 38.1±5.1 years and mothers: 35.6±4.2 years) participated in this study. Parental BMI was calculated using self-reported weight and height. Preschoolers body composition was assessed using: BMI, fat mass percentage, fat mass index, fat-free mass index (measured via air-displacement plethysmography) and waist circumference. Physical fitness was assessed by the PREFIT fitness battery. Lifestyle factors were assessed using the ActiGraph wGT3x-BT (sedentary time and physical activity), and the mobile-phone based tool for energy balance in children (diet). RESULTS Parental BMI were positively associated with their offspring's BMI (paternal BMI: standardised beta, β=0.233, P<0.001; maternal BMI: β=0.186, P=0.001), fat mass index (paternal BMI: β=0.130, P=0.026; maternal BMI: β=0.163, P=0.005), fat-free mass index (paternal BMI: β=0.214, P<0.001; maternal BMI: β=0.119, P=0.036) and waist circumference (paternal BMI: β=0.178, P=0.001; maternal BMI: β=0.179, P=0.001). A negative association was found between maternal BMI and their offspring's standing long jump test (β=-0.132, P=0.022). Paternal BMI was associated with their offspring's sedentary time (β=0.100, P=0.026), whereas parental BMI was not associated with neither physical activity nor diet (all P⩾0.104). CONCLUSIONS Parental BMI was positively associated with their offspring's BMI, fat as well as fat-free mass index and waist circumference. Moreover, a higher paternal and maternal BMI were related to higher levels of sedentary time and a lower performance in the standing long jump test of their offspring, respectively.
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Daza F, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, González-Ruíz K, Correa-Bautista JE. Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL Study. West J Nurs Res 2016; 39:1311-1329. [PMID: 27550468 DOI: 10.1177/0193945916664900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in schoolchildren. A secondary aim was to evaluate the degree of association between overall and abdominal adiposity and CRF in a total of 1,875 children and adolescents attending public schools. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption. A CVRF ( Z score) was calculated and participants were divided into tertiles according to low and high levels of overall (sum of the skinfold thicknesses) and abdominal adiposity. Schoolchildren with a high-level of overall adiposity demonstrated significant differences in seven of the 10 variables analyzed (i.e., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, triglycerides/high density lipoproteins [HDL-c] ratio, total cholesterol, glucose, C-reactive protein [usCRP], HDL-c, low density lipoproteins [LDL-c], and cardiovascular risk score). Schoolchildren with high levels of both overall and abdominal adiposity and low CRF had the least favorable CVRF score.
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20
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Henriksson P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Leppänen MH, Delisle Nyström C, Ortega FB, Pomeroy J, Ruiz JR, Löf M. Associations of Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass with Physical Fitness in 4-Year-Old Children: Results from the MINISTOP Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080473. [PMID: 27483320 PMCID: PMC4997386 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness is a powerful marker of health in youth. Studies in adolescents and adults suggest that higher fat mass is related to worse physical fitness. However, there is limited knowledge whether fat mass and fat-free mass are associated with physical fitness already in preschoolers. Baseline data from the MINISTOP (Mobile-based INtervention Intended to STop Obesity in Preschoolers) trial was utilized for this cross-sectional analysis. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. Fat mass index [fat mass (kg)/height2 (m)] and fat-free mass index [fat-free mass (kg)/height2 (m)] were used to provide height-adjusted measures of body composition. Physical fitness was measured using the PREFIT (FITness testing in PREschool children) battery, which assesses cardiorespiratory fitness, upper-body and lower-body muscular strength as well as motor fitness. In total, this study included 303 children (168 boys and 135 girls), who were on average 4.48 ± 0.15 years old. Higher fat mass index was associated with worse cardiorespiratory fitness (standardized β = −0.17, p = 0.002), lower-body muscular strength (β = −0.17, p = 0.003) and motor fitness (β = −0.21, p < 0.001) in regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and mutually adjusted for fat-mass index and fat-free mass index. Conversely, higher fat-free mass index was associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.18, p = 0.002), upper-body muscular strength (β = 0.39, p < 0.001), lower-body muscular strength (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) and motor fitness (β = 0.17, p = 0.004). Thus, fat mass and fat-free mass in preschoolers appear to have joint but opposite associations with physical fitness, an important marker for current and future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Henriksson
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, 581 53 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Marja H Leppänen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | | | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Jeremy Pomeroy
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, 581 53 Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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The Tanita SC-240 to Assess Body Composition in Pre-School Children: An Evaluation against the Three Component Model. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060371. [PMID: 27322313 PMCID: PMC4924212 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quick, easy-to-use, and valid body composition measurement options for young children are needed. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) device, Tanita SC-240, to measure fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM) and body fatness (BF%) in 40 healthy, Swedish 5.5 years old children against the three component model (3C model). Average BF%, FM, and FFM for BIA were: 19.4% ± 3.9%, 4.1 ± 1.9 kg, and 16.4 ± 2.4 kg and were all significantly different (p < 0.001) from corresponding values for the 3C model (25.1% ± 5.5%, 5.3 ± 2.5 kg, and 15.2 ± 2.0 kg). Bland and Altman plots had wide limits of agreement for all body composition variables. Significant correlations ranging from 0.81 to 0.96 (p < 0.001) were found for BF%, FM, and FFM between BIA and the 3C model. When dividing the children into tertiles for BF%, 60% of children were classified correctly by means of BIA. In conclusion, the Tanita SC-240 underestimated BF% in comparison to the 3C model and had wide limits of agreement. Further work is needed in order to find accurate and easy-to-use methods for assessing body composition in pre-school children.
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Physical activity intensity, sedentary behavior, body composition and physical fitness in 4-year-old children: results from the ministop trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1126-33. [PMID: 27087109 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing knowledge on associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with body composition and physical fitness in preschoolers is limited. OBJECTIVE To examine associations of PA and SB with body composition and physical fitness in healthy Swedish 4-year-old children. METHODS We utilized baseline data collected in 2014 for the population-based MINISTOP trial (n=307). Light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and SB were measured using accelerometry (ActiGraph-wGT3x-BT). Body composition was measured using air-displacement plethysmography, and physical fitness (that is, cardiorespiratory fitness, lower and upper body muscular strength and motor fitness) was measured using the PREFIT fitness test battery. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders, and in addition, isotemporal substitution models were applied. RESULTS Greater MVPA was associated with lower fat mass percent (%FM, P=0.015), and greater VPA and MVPA were associated with higher fat-free mass index (FFMI, P=0.002 and P=0.011). In addition, greater VPA and MVPA were associated with higher scores for all physical fitness tests (P=0.042 to P<0.001). The results for MVPA were primarily due to VPA. SB was associated with weaker handgrip strength (P=0.031) when PA was not adjusted, but after adjusting also for VPA, the significant association disappeared (P=0.25). Substituting 5 min per day of SB, LPA or MPA with 5 min per day of VPA was associated with higher FFMI and better scores for cardiorespiratory fitness and motor fitness. Correspondingly, substituting 5 min per day of VPA with SB or LPA was associated with weaker performance for lower muscular strength. CONCLUSIONS Time spent on VPA was associated with higher FFMI and better physical fitness. The results suggest that promoting VPA may be important to improve childhood body composition and physical fitness already at an early age.
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Delisle Nyström C, Forsum E, Henriksson H, Trolle-Lagerros Y, Larsson C, Maddison R, Timpka T, Löf M. A Mobile Phone Based Method to Assess Energy and Food Intake in Young Children: A Validation Study against the Doubly Labelled Water Method and 24 h Dietary Recalls. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010050. [PMID: 26784226 PMCID: PMC4728662 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile phones are becoming important instruments for assessing diet and energy intake. We developed the Tool for Energy Balance in Children (TECH), which uses a mobile phone to assess energy and food intake in pre-school children. The aims of this study were: (a) to compare energy intake (EI) using TECH with total energy expenditure (TEE) measured via doubly labelled water (DLW); and (b) to compare intakes of fruits, vegetables, fruit juice, sweetened beverages, candy, ice cream, and bakery products using TECH with intakes acquired by 24 h dietary recalls. Participants were 39 healthy, Swedish children (5.5 ± 0.5 years) within the ongoing Mobile-based Intervention Intended to Stop Obesity in Preschoolers (MINISTOP) obesity prevention trial. Energy and food intakes were assessed during four days using TECH and 24 h telephone dietary recalls. Mean EI (TECH) was not statistically different from TEE (DLW) (5820 ± 820 kJ/24 h and 6040 ± 680 kJ/24 h, respectively). No significant differences in the average food intakes using TECH and 24 h dietary recalls were found. All food intakes were correlated between TECH and the 24 h dietary recalls (ρ = 0.665-0.896, p < 0.001). In conclusion, TECH accurately estimated the average intakes of energy and selected foods and thus has the potential to be a useful tool for dietary studies in pre-school children, for example obesity prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisabet Forsum
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Henriksson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.
| | - Ylva Trolle-Lagerros
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 300, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.
| | - Ralph Maddison
- National Institute for Health Innovation, The University of Auckland, P.O. Box 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, NOVUM, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of the Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden.
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Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Rubio-López N, Ruso C, Llopis-Gonzalez A, Ruiz-Rojo E, Redondo M, Pico Y. Anthropometric Status and Nutritional Intake in Children (6-9 Years) in Valencia (Spain): The ANIVA Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:16082-95. [PMID: 26694443 PMCID: PMC4690981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121215045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess nutritional intake and anthropometric statuses in schoolchildren to subsequently determine nutritional adequacy with Spanish Dietary Reference Intake (DRIs). The ANIVA study, a descriptive cross-sectional study, was conducted in 710 schoolchildren (6–9 years) in 2013–2014 in Valencia (Spain). Children’s dietary intake was measured using 3-day food records, completed by parents. Anthropometric measures (weight and height) were measured according to international standards, and BMI-for-age was calculated and converted into z-scores by WHO-Anthro for age and sex. Nutrient adequacy was assessed using DRI based on estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI). Pearson’s chi-square and Student’s t-test were employed. Of our study group (47.61% boys, 52.39% girls), 53.1% were normoweight and the weight of 46.9% was inadequate; of these, 38.6% had excess body weight (19.6% overweight and 19.0% obesity). We found intakes were lower for biotin, fiber, fluoride, vitamin D (p < 0.016), zinc, iodine, vitamin E, folic acid, calcium and iron (p < 0.017), and higher for lipids, proteins and cholesterol. Our results identify better nutritional adequacy to Spanish recommendations in overweight children. Our findings suggest that nutritional intervention and educational strategies are needed to promote healthy eating in these children and nutritional adequacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Nuria Rubio-López
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Candelaria Ruso
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
| | - Agustín Llopis-Gonzalez
- Unit of Public Health, Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Legal Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Elías Ruiz-Rojo
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Center for Advanced Research in Public Health (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia 46010, Spain.
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Conselleria de Sanidad, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Maximino Redondo
- Biochemistry Departament, Agencia Sanitaria Costa del Sol, University of Malaga, Red de Investigación en Servicios de Salud en Enfermedades Crónicas (REDISSEC), Marbella 29603, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Pico
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.
- Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain.
- Research Center on Desertification (CIDE, UV-CSIC-GV), Carretera Moncada-Náquera, Moncada 46113, Spain.
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